Revision of Panicum and Whiteochloa in Malesia. J.F. Veldkamp. Summary. Notes on Panicum. of its former taxa are included now in several other

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1 BLUMEA 41 (1996) Revision of and Whiteochloa in Malesia (Gramineae-Paniceae) J.F. Veldkamp Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Summary A revision is given for the 25 Malesian representatives of L. (Gramineae). Whiteochloa C.E. Hubb., a satellite genus, is represented by a single species, and is a new generic record for Malesia. Notes on The genus L. never has been surveyed completely for Malesia. The largest account was made about 140 years ago by Miquel (1857), who for the Dutch East Indiesenumerated not less than 47 species, some more or less optimistically included, as was his wont. Since then the generic delimitationhas changed drastically. then was a dustbin, and many of its former taxa are included now in several other genera, whileof course Miquel's nomenclature is completely out of date. In this classical sense, Merrill (1921) enumerated 26 species for Borneo, of which 11 have been retained in here. In 1923 Merrill had 36 species for the Philippines, ofwhich 17 are left. Backer (1950) annotated 38 of the more or less economically important species for Indonesia; only 14 are 'true'. In the modern sense Gilliland (1971) included 12 for the Malay Peninsula. Henty (1969) had 11 for New Guinea, of which 10 now belong to. In Jansen's unpublished manuscript of the Flora Malesiana treatment of the Gramineae (Leiden) 27 species and 4 varieties were enumerated, and from this he (1953) extracted some brief notes on 15 species and 3 varieties. Since then 9 of these have been renamed or reduced, while one, capillipes Benth., belongs to Whiteochloa C.E. Hubb. and is a new generic record for Malesia. Of the 12 not discussed in his 6 paper more had to be renamed. I here recognize 25 taxa, of which 4 or 5 have been introduced for fodderor by accident. Most of the changes in name or identity are scattered over the literature and easily escape the attention, or are proposed here. archboldii Hitchc. is identical with Hymenachne aurita (Nees) Backer, as was already pointed out by S.T. Blake (1969). Zuloaga et al. (1992) following Pilger (1940) included it in the otherwise strictly American section Laxa (Hitchc. & Chase) Pilger. It has been regarded also as a species of Sacciolepis Nash by various authors. As I have not yet studied the genera Hymenachne and Sacciolepis closely, it is at present included here as auritum Presl ex Nees.

2 182 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 cambogiense Balansa is identical with P. luzonense Presl. hayatae Camus turned out to be identical with P. costatispiculum Ohwi and has an interesting disjunct distribution. humidorumf. Ham. ex Hook. f. (inch var. perakense Hook, f.) replaces P. parvispiculum Ohwi (non Nash, 1897) or P. ohwii Beetle. humile Nees ex Steud. is not a later homonym and P. austro-asiaticum Ohwi is therefore superfluous. walense Mez is synonymous with this. khasianum Munro ex Hook. f. is the same as P. oblongispiculum Ohwi, and has a disjunct distributionreminiscentof several montane and subalpine species that occur in the Himalayas and then in N Sumatra, sometimes for some reason not venturing farther down the Bukit Barisan than the Leuser complex. laevifolium Hack, is P. schinzii Hack. It was found in 1953 near Jakarta (van Leeuwen C; L), and according to Jansen's manuscript would be cultivated elsewhere in Java as a fodder grass. Whether this is correct and how widely it has spread since then is unknown. The species has been included here as the status of this and many of such intentionally or accidentally introduced species is absolutely unclear, and with little support in the herbaria. I have noticed that some species quite common outside, yea, sometimes even growing against their walls, were hardly or not at all represented inside the institutes, or only from remote places or ancient collections. The knowledge of grasses in Malesia to be presented in the Flora Malesianais based mainly on pre-ww II collections. In Papua New Guinea, thanks to the efforts of the LAE staff, and especially Mr. E.E. Henty, the situation is slightly better. However, with at least 11 species now known to occur, 9 are represented by only 29 collections in the NGF- and LAEseries, as far as I have seen them, which is indicative for this area as well. With at least 33 species in neighbouring Queensland, more may well be expected, especially in the dry areas of Merauke/Western Province and the Central Province. Thus there is only a vague idea about what is really going on in grasses (and other herbs)! macrocladumchase is identical with P. seminudumdomin. maximum Jacq. recently (Webster, 1987) has been included in Urochloa Beauv., a decision that needsconfirmationor rejection. I maintainedit here in. miliarelam. is P. antidotalewhile P. montanum is P. notatum as was already pointed out by Bor (1960) in an oftenoverlooked appendix. queenslandicum Domin is a new record for Malesia and also has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Northern Australia and then in Buru, where it was only found once. This distribution is reminiscent of that of Aristida superpendens Domin, also known from Buru, the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, and Northern Australia. It was misidentified by Jansen (1953) as P. trachyrhachis Benth. trachyrhachis Benth. is not restricted to N Australia and New Guineaand perhaps Timor, but also occurs very locally in SE Thailand (as P. kerrii C.E. Hubb.), Cambodia and S Vietnam (as Ichnanthus harmandii Camus or P. harmandii Stieber). I have pointed out elsewhere (Veldkamp, Eijs & Zoetemeyer, 1989), that trypheron Schult. is identical with P. curviflorum Hornem. with P. suishaense Hayata as a variety, including P. elegantissimum Hook. f. viale Chase is the Australian P. effusum R.Br, extending the distribution ofthis species to Malesia.

3 J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 183 Many species of are very widely spread. Some have an economic importance as weeds ( P. repens L., P. sarmentosum Roxb.), as cereals ( P. miliaceum L., P. paludosum Roxb., P. sumatrense Roem. & Schult.), or as fodder 0 P. antidotale Retz.,, P. maximum Jacq., P. miliaceuml., P. paludosum Roxb., P. sarmentosum Roxb., P. schinzii Hack.). A brief survey outlining the situation therefore present seemed useful and may, perhaps, inducefurther collecting. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was based on the specimens available in L, and seen in BO, K, P, and U. For the descriptions use was made of the DELTA programs developed by Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine & Zurcher (1993), the use of which is greatly simplified by Gouda's TAXASOFT program (vs. 1995). The key was constructed with Pankhurst's DEDIT and BIGKCONI programs (Pankhurst, 1988). REFERENCES Backer, C.A In K.Heyne, De nuttige planten van Indonesia 1: 'sgravenhage, Bandung. Blake, S.T Taxonomic and nomenclatural studies in the Gramineae, no. 2. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 81: 21. Bor, N.L The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan: 701. Oxford, etc. Dallwitz, M.J A general system for coding taxonomic descriptions. Taxon 29: Dallwitz, M.J., T.A. Paine & E.J. Zurcher User's Guide to the DELTA System: a General System for Processing Taxonomic Descriptions. 4th ed. 136 pp. Canberra. Gilliland, H.B A revised Flora of Malaya, vol. 3. Grasses of Malaya: Singapore. Henty, E.E A manual of the grasses of New Guinea. Bot. Bull. Lae 1: Jansen, P Notes on Malesian I. Reinwardtia 2: grasses. Merrill, E.D A bibliographic enumeration of Bornean plants. J. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc., Special No.: Merrill,E.D An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants 1: Manila. Miquel, F.A.W Flora Indiae batavae 3: Amsterdam, Utrecht, Leipzig. Pankhurst, R.J An interactive for the construction of identification program keys. Taxon 37: Pilger, R Gramineae III. Unterfamilie Panicoideae. In A. Engler & K.Prantl, Die Natiirliche Pflanzenfamilien ed. 2, 14e: 15. Leipzig. Veldkamp, J.F., A.W.M. Eijs & R.B. Zoetemeyer curviflorum (formerly P. trypheron) and P. sumatrense miliare (P. auct.) (Gramineae) in Southeast Asia. Blumea 34: Webster, R Australian Paniceae: 241. Berlin, Stuttgart. Zuloaga, F.O., R.P. Ellis & O. Morrone A revision of subgenus Phanopyrum section Laxa (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: PANICUM L., Sp. PI. 1 (1753) 55; Webster, Pan. Austr. (1987) 118. Lectotype: miliaceum L. Annuals or perennials. Ligule a row of hairs to a setose membranous collar. Inflorescence a panicle with branches pointing to all directions and ending in a spikelet. Bristles absent. Spikelets disarticulating as a whole, abaxial, dorso-ventrally compressed, muticous.lower glume present, shorter than the spikelet, 0-9-nerved. Upper glume

4 Ligule BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 about as long as the spikelet, 3-15-nerved.First lemma epaleate to paleate, male, herbaceous, not longitudinally grooved, without a hyaline area at the base. Rhachilla internode not or hardly developed. Second lemma coriaceous, base unappendaged, margins inrolled. x = 9, 10. About 500 Distribution species, mainly in the tropics, 25 in Malesia. KEY TO THE TAXA la. Lower glume collar-shaped. a ciliolate to pilose collar P. paludosum b. Lower glume ovate 3 2a. Sheaths glabrous, margins glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades glabrous. Upper glume mm long. First lemma usually paleate and sterile, rarely epaleate b. Sheaths glabrous to sparsely pilose, margins pilose. Ligule a ciliate rim. Blades pilose. Upper glume mm long. First lemma paleate, male 19. P. repens 3a. Ligule a membranous glabrous or ciliolate collar 4 b. Ligule a pilose collar or a row of hairs 13 4a. Second lemma minutely muriculateor finely longitudinally rugulose 5 b. Second lemma smooth (sometimes with some apical prickles) 6 5a. Plants annual. Culms geniculate at base or creeping. Nodes pubemlous. Sheath margins pilose. Blades ovate-lanceolate, cm long, base asymmetrical. Spikelets mm long. Glumes with a distinct internode, lower glume mm long, acuminate, upper glume obtuse. First lemma paleate, sterile, obtuse. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, minutely muriculate, apex acute. Anthers mm long... P. trichoides b. Plants perennial. Culms erect. Nodes glabrous. Sheath margins glabrous. Blades linear, cm long, base rounded. Spikelets mm long. Glumes without distinct a internode, lower glume mm long, acute, upper glume acute. First lemma paleate, male, acute. First palea as long as the lemma. Second lemma stipitate, finely longitudinally rugulose, apex apiculate. Anthers mm long 6a. Blades base pseudo-petiolate. Upper glume Whiteochloa capillipes mm long. Second lemma apically microscopically scaberulous to ciliolate 7 b. Blades base rounded, truncate, cordate. or Upper glume mm long. Second lemma glabrous 7a. Plants annual. Ligule a membranous glabrous collar. Blades linear-lanceolate. 8 Pedicels smooth. Lower glume mm long, times as long as the spikelet. Upper glume nerved. First lemma paleate, sterile, or paleate and male, 9-11-nerved. Second lemma apically microscopically scaberulous, apiculate 8. P. hayatae b. Plants perennial. Ligule a membranous ciliolate collar. Blades linear. Pedicels scaberulous.lower glume mm long, times as long as the spikelet. Upper glume 5-nerved. First lemma epaleate, 5-nerved. Second lemma apically microscopically ciliolate, acute to acuminate 11. P. khasianum 8a. Blades linear, margin glabrous at base 9 b. Blades ovate- to linear-lanceolate, margin pectinate at base 11

5 3. J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 185 9a. Plants perennial. Culms 1-2 m long. The lowermost longest panicle branch cm long. Spikelets not yawning at maturity. Lower glume obtuse to acute. Upper glume acute. Second lemma acute to apex acuminate 10 b. Plants annual. Culms m long. The lowermost longest panicle branch 3-6 cm long. Spikelets yawning at maturity. Lower glume acuminate to mucronate. Upper glume acuminate. Second lemma apex obtuse P. humile 10a. Rhizome present. Sheath margins glabrous. Panicle branches spikeled to base. Spikelets 2-3 mm long. Lower glume times as long as the spikelet, upper glume Anthers 2 and first lemma faint transverse veinlets. Second lemma acute. 2. P. auritum b. Rhizome absent. Sheath margins pilose. Panicle branches naked at base. Spikelets mm long. Lower glume times as long as the spikelet, upper glume and first lemma withouttransverse veinlets. Second lemma apex acuminate. Anthers 3 9. P. humidorum 11a. Blades base cordate. Pedicels longer than the spikelets. Spikelets obtuse to acute. Glumes with a distinct internode, lower glume mm, times as long as the spikelet. Anthers mm long 12 b. Blades base rounded. Pedicels shorter than to as long as the spikelets. Spikelets acuminate. Glumes withouta distinct internode, lower glume mm, times as long as the spikelet. Anthers mm long. P. bisulcatum 12a. Plants annual. Culms geniculate at base or creeping. Blades ovate-lanceolate. Panicle effuse, branches with minute glandular patches. Spikelets mm long. Upper glume acuminate. First lemma paleate, sterile, acuminate 4. P. brevifolium b. Plants perennial. Culms erect or scrambling. Blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. Panicle laxly contracted, the branches erecto-patent or lax, branches without glandular patches. Spikelets mm long. Upper glume obtuse to acute. First lemma epaleate, acute 16. P. notatum 13a. First lemma with transverse veinlets (best seen when soaked) 14 b. First lemma withouttransverse veinlets 16 14a. Plants annual. Blades base rounded, truncate, or cordate. Spikelets acute. Upper glume acute. First lemma acute, its palea times as long as the lemma 15 b. Plants perennial. Blades base gradually narrowed into the sheath. Spikelets acuminate. Upper glume acuminate. First lemma acuminate, its palea times as long as the lemma 7. P. effusum 15a. Nodes bearded, sheaths tuberculate hispid, margins pilose. Blades puberulous, pilose or tuberculate hispid, base rounded or cordate, margin pectinate at base. Main axis of panicle puberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity. Glumes with a distinct internode, lower glume obtuse to acute, 5-9-nerved, upper glume with transverse veinlets. Second lemma obtuse. Anthers apex mm long 12. P. luzonense b. Nodes, sheaths, sheath margins, blades glabrous. Blades base truncate, margin glabrous at base. Main axis of panicle glabrous. Spikelets yawning at maturity. Glumes without a distinct internode, lower glume acuminate, 1-nerved, upper glume without transverse veinlets. Second lemma apex mm long acute. Anthers P. schinzii

6 Panicle Sheath Lowermost 186 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, a. Culms erect or geniculate at base. Pedicels scaberulous or pilose under the spikelet. Spikelets acute to caudate. Second lemma apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate 17 b. Culms scrambling. Pedicels smooth. Spikelets obtuse. Second lemma apex apiculate 20. P. sarmentosum 17a. Glumes without a distinct internode. Second lemma apex acute to acuminate 18 b. Glumes with a distinct internode. Second lemma apex obtuse 20 18a. Sheath margins and blades glabrous. Lowermost branches of the panicle solitary or fascicled. Spikelets not yawning at maturity. Upper glume nerved. First lemma 7-9-nerved. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, apex acute 19 b. Sheaths margins pilose. Blades tuberculate hispid. Lowermost branches of the panicle whorled. Spikelets yawning at maturity. Upper glume 5-nerved. First lemma 5-nerved. Second lemma stipitate, transversally rugose, dull, apex acuminate 13. P. maximum 19a. Plants perennial. Nodes puberulous. Blades base gradually narrowed into the sheath or truncate. Pedicels shorter than the spikelets. Upper glume 7-nerved Lower glume 3-nerved. 1. P. antidotale b. Plants annual. Nodes glabrous or bearded. Blades base rounded. Pedicels as long as to longer than the spikelets. Lower glume 7- nerved. Upper glume 11- nerved 23. P. sumatrense 20a. Blades base not cordate nor strongly asymmetrical. Nodes glabrous. Blades underneath with up to 11 major nerves 21 b. Blades base cordate or strongly asymmetrical. Nodes puberulous to bearded. Blades underneathwith major nerves 14. P. miliaceum 21a. Culms hollow, not inflated at base. Second lemma sessile 22 b. Culms hollow, inflated at base. Second lemma stipitate. panicle branches whorled to fascicled. Spikelets yawning at maturity. Upper glume acuminate to mucronate 24. P. trachyrhachis 22a. Lowermost panicle branch solitary. Spikelets yawning at maturity 23 b. Lowermost panicle branches whorled. Spikelets not yawning at maturity. Upper glume 7-nerved 18. P. queenslandicum 23a. Upper glume 7-nerved 24 b. Upper glume 5-nerved. effuse. First lemma 3-5-nerved 15. P. mindanaense 24a. First lemma 7-9-nerved 25 b. First lemma 5-nerved. margins glabrous, base of blades truncate. First palea absent to 0.21 times as long as the lemma 5. P. caudiglume 25a. Sheath margins pilose, base of blades gradually narrowed into the sheath to rounded. First palea times as long as the lemma 6. P. curviflorum var. suishaense b. Sheaths margins glabrous, base of blades truncate. First palea times as long as the lemma 22. P. seminudum

7 Good The S Type: Type: J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa antidotale Retz. antidotale Retz., Obs. Bot. 4 (1786) 17. miliare Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Type: Koenig s.n. (LD holo; K fragm.). M6th. Bot. 1 (1791) 173. Type: Sonnerat in Hb. Lamarck (P holo; fragm. & photo in K, IDC microfiche 6207). proliferum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Mdth. Bot. 4 (1798) 747. IDC microfiche 6207) Hb. Lamarck (P holo, sumatrense auct. non Roem. & Schult. Plants perennial, rhizome long, woody. Culms m long, geniculate at base to erect, hollow, not inflated. Nodes minutely puberulous. Sheaths glabrous, margins glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, cm by 4-20 mm, glabrous, green, base gradually narrowedinto the sheath to truncate, margin glabrous at base, underneath with 7-14 major nerves. Panicles lax, by 5-15 cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, spikeled to base or not, the lowermost solitary to fascicled, the lowermost longest one cm long. Pedicels shorter than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at mm maturity, long, acute to acuminate. Glumes without a distinct internode. Lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, obtuse to acute, 3-nerved. Upper glume mm long, acute to acuminate, glabrous, 7-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets. First lemma paleate, male, acute to acuminate, 7-9-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets. First palea as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, apex acute, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 18. Distribution Russia to India (Madras), cultivated elsewhere: Malesia: Java (Jakarta), Papua New Guinea (Morobe Prov.: Erap, Moitaka). Uses Sand dunes, dry riverbeds, drought resistant, c. 60 m altitude. fodder, but becoming bitter when old, and a soil binder. In India used against sore throats and as an antidote for rabies (but see note). Vernacular name Note Blue panic (E.). combination has for a long time been misapplied to P. sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. and the uses may actually apply to that. 2. auritum Presl ex Nees auritum Presl ex Nees, Agrost. Bras. (1829) 176. in Morot, J. Bot. 4 (1890) 144, nomen, no basion.] Backer in K. Heyne, Hymenachne aurita [?Presl ex Balansa Nutt. PI. Ned. Indie 1 (1922) 197. Sacciolepis aurita Camus, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 7 (1922) 459. Lectotype: Haenke s.n., 'Luzon' (PR holo,?hb. Trinius in LE, microfiche IDC BT-16/1; MO, W). auritum Nees var. procerius Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 305. holo). [ javanicum Nees & Blume, ined., non Poir. (1816). auritum Nees var. procerius Nees, Kew J. Bot. (1850) 97, nomen, non Presl.] Haenke s.n. (PR insulicola Steud., Syn. 1 (1853) 78. Sacciolepis insulicola Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sc. Mus. 18 (1947) 3. Syntypes: 'Java, Ceylon'. javanum Nees ex Buse in Miq., PI. Jungh. 3 (1854) 376. holo, sh ). Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n. (L javanum Buse var. angustifolium Buse in Miq., PI. Jungh. 3 (1854) 376. Type: Junghuhn s.n. (L holo, sh ).

8 Shallow Sri Lectotype: 188 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Hymenachne polymorpha Balansa in Morot, J. Bot. 4 (1890) 143 (incl. var. genuina, nom. inval.). balansae Crevost & Lemarie, Cat. Indochine 1 (1917) 380, nom. superfl. Pani- cum polymorphum Camus in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2 (1912) 249. Sacciolepis polymorpha Chase ex Camus, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 7 (1922) 458 (incl. var. genuina, nom. inval.). Lectotype: (L holo). Balansa 455 archboldii Hitchc., Brittonia 2 (1936) 121. Type: Brass 5923 (NY holo; BRI, K). extensum auct. non Steud. (quoad Cuming 2409, Sumatra!). Sporoboluspulchellus auct. non R. Br. Plants perennial, rhizome and cataphylls present. Culms 0.5-2(-4) m long, erect to geniculate at base or sometimes scrambling, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, margins glabrous. Ligule a membranous ciliolate collar. Blades flat or loosely involute, linear, (5)1060 cm by (2)435 mm, (sub-)glabrous, base truncate to cordate, margin glabrous at base, apex long-acuminate, underneath with 7-18 major nerves. Panicle contracted, the branches appressed to laxly contracted, erecto-patent, (5)945 by (0.5)215 cm. Main axis scaberulous, glabrous. Panicle branches scaberulous, glabrous, spikeled to base, the lowermost solitary, without glandular patches, the lowermost longest one (1)1.518 cm long. Pedicels shorter than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, 2-3 mm long, acute. Glumes without a distinct internode. Lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute, faintly 3-5-nerved. Upper glume 2-3 mm long, acute, glabrous, 5-7-nerved, nerves with very faint transverse veinlets. First lemma epaleate to paleate, sterile, acute, glabrous, 5(7)- nerved, nerves with very faint transverse veinlets. First palea times as long as the lemma (very inconspicuous, check in dry spikelet). Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, glabrous to apically microscopically scaberulous, apex acute, straight. Anthers 2, mm long. 2n = 30, 36, 60, 72. Distribution Lanka, India to S China (Hainan, Kwantung); Malesia: widespread, not seen from the Lesser Sunda Islands, rare in New Guinea (Western Prov.). water, but usually collected on dry land in sunny to slightly shaded humid places, swampy savanna forest, thickets, Imperata fields, teak forest, along roads, old gardens, locally abundant, m altitude. Uses Readily eaten by cattle, with a high nutritious value. 3. bisulcatum Thunb. bisulcatum Thunb.,Nov. Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. 7(1815) 141. grossarium auct. non L. (1759): Thunb., Fl. Jap. (1784) 48. Syntypes: Thunberg s.n., 1817, 1818 (UPS holo, IDC microfiche 1036). acroanthum Steud., Syn. 1 (1853) ; K). Anonymus 2 (L holo, sh amoenum auct. non Balansa. Plants annual. Culms m long, geniculate at base to creeping and rooting from the decumbent nodes, hollow, not inflated. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, margins glabrous to pilose. Ligule a ciliolate erose collar. Blades linear- lanceolate, 5-18 cm by 3-12 mm, glabrous to sparsely puberulous above, green, base rounded, margin sparsely pectinate at base, underneath with 8-11 major nerves. Panicles lax, 7-30 by 4-20 cm. Main axis glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base,

9 Tropical J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 189 the lowermost one solitary, 5-15 cm long. Pedicels shorter than to as long as the spikelet, smooth to scaberulous, glabrous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, mm long, acuminate. Glumes without a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute to acuminate, 1-3-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acuminate, glabrous to minutely, sparsely puberulous, 5-nerved, nerves withouttransverse veinlets; upper glume first lem- mm long; ma epaleate. Second lemma sessile, apex acute, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long (cleistogamous). 2n = 36, 54. Distribution NE India to China, Japan, probably introducedin Australia (Queensland to Victoria); Malesia: Philippines (Mindanao: Davao), Celebes (Tondano). Forest m altitude. margins, Notes Webster (1987) reported anthers mm long, presumably in chasmogamous spikelets. I have only seen cleistogamous ones, where the pale anthers were aggregated with the stigmas in the tip of the fertile lemma. I have not seen BS 49069, (from Mindanao) cited by Jansen (1953). At least the first has the same number as the type of Ancistrachne ancylotrichum (Quisumb. & Merr.) S.T. Blake. 4. brevifolium L. brevifolium L., Sp. PI. 1 (1753) 59. Lectotype: ovalifolium Poir. in 4 Lam., Encycl., Suppl. (1816) 279. Lamarck (P holo, not found, not on IDC microfiche 6207). hirtifolium Ridley, PI. Malay Penins. 5 (1925) 228. Hb. Linn (LINN holo). Type: Hb. Desvaux in Hb. brevifolium L. var. hirtifolium Reinwardtia 2 Jansen, (1953) 315. Syntypes: Ridley (SING holo; K; Semangkok Pass), Nur s.n. (SING; Kuala Lumpur). Plants annual. Culms m long, creeping and geniculate at base, rooting from the decumbent nodes, hollow, not inflated at base, glabrous to pilose. Nodes glabrous to bearded (on one side). Sheaths glabrous to pilose, margins pilose. Ligule a membranous glabrous to ciliolate collar. Blades ovate-lanceolate, cm by 5-27 mm glabrous to appressed pilose, base cordate, margin pectinate at base, underneath with 9-13 major nerves. Panicleeffuse, by 2-8 cm. Main axis smooth, glabrous to pilose. Panicle branches glabrous to pilose, with minute glandular patches, naked at base, the lowermost solitary to fascicled (1-3), the longest one cm long. Pedicels longer than the spikelets, usually smooth. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, mm long, acute. Glumes with a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute, 1-3- nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acuminate, glabrous to sparsely puberulous, 5-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long; first lemma paleate, sterile (said to be sometimes male). First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, glabrous, apex acute, straight. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 36. Distribution Africa and Asia, possibly introduced in at least part of Malesia: Malay Peninsula (probably all states, present before 1816: Anon., K), Singapore, Sumatra (W & E Coast), Bangka, Java (Jakarta, Bogor, Priangan, Kediri, etc.), Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, W Kalimantan), Philippines (Balabac, Tawitawi).

10 Plants Periodically 190 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Shady localities, in thickets, forest margins, trails, coffee plantations, rice fields, locally dominant, m altitude. Uses Notes Said to be nutritious fodder. with long-hairy blades and inflorescence branches are found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java, and have been distinguished as var. hirtifolium. This species is peculiar by the shape of its blades, length of the first glume, and especially because of the minute glands on the inflorescence branches. 5. caudiglume Hack. caudiglume Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51 (1901) 428. Type: Ridley s.n (W holo; SING). Plants annual. Culms m long, erect to geniculate at base, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous or tuberculate hispid upwards, margins glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, 3-30 cm by 3-15 mm, tuberculate hispid, green, base truncate, margin pectinate at base, underneath with 8-11 major nerves. Panicles lax, by cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches glabrous to sparsely pilose, eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, 5-19 cm long. Pedicels shorter to longer than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets yawning at maturity (the fertile lemma turned c. 90 ), mm long, acuminate to caudate. Glumes distant. Lower glume ovate, mm long, as long as the spikelet, acuminate to aristate, 3-5-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma glabrous, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume (3) mm long, acute to acuminate, (5-)7-nerved; first lemmaepaleate to paleate, sterile, acute to acuminate, 5-nerved. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, apex obtuse, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. Distribution Malesia: Java (especially the northern plains), Kangean Archipelago, Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao), Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, Wetar, Kisar). dry soil under seasonal climatic conditions, sunny or slightly shaded places, fields, roads, dikes, beaches, dry forests, locally sometimes so abundant that the panicles give a purple hue to the fields, 0-250(-660) m altitude. Uses Locally used as a fodder. 6. curviflorum Hornem. curviflorum Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. (1819) 116; Veldkamp, Eijs & Zoetemeyer, Blumea 34 (1989) 77. Type: Hb. Hornemann (holo not in C, KIEL, S), cultivated in Copenhagen in 1818, from seed obtained from Wallich as P. tenellum Roxb. Neotype: as of next name. tenellum Roxb. [Hort. Beng. (1814) 7, nomen], Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 309, non Lam. (1791). trypheron Schult., Mant. 2 (1824) 244. roxburghii Spreng., Syst. 1 (1825) 320, nom. superfl. Type: Hb. Roxburgh 814 (BM holo; CAL, K: Icon. Ined. 814).

11 The Grass J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 191 var. suishaense (Hayata) Veldkamp curviflorum Hornem. var. suishaense (Hayata) Veldkamp in Veldkamp, Eijs & Zoetemeyer, Blumea 34 (1989) 81. suishaense Hayata, Icon. PL Form. 6, Suppl. (1917) 98. trypheron Schult. var. suishaense Hsu, J. Jap. Bot. 38 (1938) 84. Type: Hayata s.n. (TI holo). Hook, elegantissimum f., Fl. Brit. India 7 (1896) 52. Type: Ridley 3116 (K holo; CAL, SING). papuanum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 56, Beibl. 125 (1921) 6. Type: Lesson, A Kunth (B holo, photo in BRI, K neg. 7011) 1825 in Hb. miliare auct. non Lam. sumatrense auct. non Roem. & Schult. trypheron auct. non Schult. Plants annual to perennial, rhizome absent. Culms m long, erect, hollow, not inflated. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths pilose to tuberculate hispid, rarely subglabrous, margins pilose. Ligule a pilose collar or a row of hairs. Blades linear, (7-) cm by 3-8 mm, pilose, rarely subglabrous, green, base rounded to gradually narrowed into the sheath, margin more or less pectinate at base, underneathwith 5-9 rather inconspicuous major nerves. Panicles effuse, by cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary (to 3 together, sometimes immediately branched at base), (4)819(25) cm long. Pedicels longer than the spikelet, scaberulous, usually pilose under the spikelet. Spikelets yawning at maturity (the fertile lemmaturned c. 90 ), (3.1) mm long (see note), acuminate. Glumes somewhat distant. Lower glume ovate, (1.4-)2-3 mm long, (0.45-) times as long as the spikelet, acuminate to mucronate, 5(-8)-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma glabrous, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, acuminate to cuspidate, 7(-l l)-nerved, first lemma paleate, sterile, acute to acuminate, (5-)7-9- nerved. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, apex obtuse, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. India Distribution (Bihar), Burma (Maymyo), Thailand (widespread) to S China (Hainan); in Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Perak), Sumatra (E Coast, Tapanuli), Java (Jakarta, Priangan, Besuki), Kangean Is., Philippines (Luzon, Semirara, Mindoro, Palawan, Culion, Mindanao), Celebes (Malili, Palu, Kendari), Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores), Moluccas (Buru), New Guinea (Waigeo, see note) m altitude. Uses jungle, dry fields, rice fields, roadsides, savannas, on heavy marl, Liked by cattle, but just barely useful as a fodder. Notes var. curviflorum differs by the usually geniculate spreading culms, the (3)510 mm wide blades, the pedicels only to more or less sometimes with short hairs below the mm long spikelets, and the mm long, stipitate upper lemma. Often mentionedfor Malesia (as P. trypheron), but all specimens seen belong to the present variety. Santos 7583 (L) from Cotabato is aberrant because of the absence of setae under its much smaller, c. 2.5 mm long spikelets. (Lower glume c mm long, 3-5- nerved. Upper glume mm long. Anthers c mm long.) By these characteristics it might be referred to the continental var. curviflorum, but its habit is

12 Webster Roadsides, 192 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 otherwise as that of var. suishaense, in which it is retained here. It might represent a local entity. elegantissimum has been regarded as distinct because it wouldbe a perennial with larger spikelets, but the life-form cannot be distinguished in the herbarium, while there is no difference in spikelet size. The record for Waigeo is based on a specimen collected in 1825 by Lesson, the type ofp. papuanum Mez. 7. effusum R. Br. effusum R. Br., Prodr. 1 (1810) 191. Type: R. Brown 6105 (BM holo; K). viale Chase, J. Arnold Arbor. 20(1939) 310. Type: Brass 3631 (A holo;k neg.5627,us) tuberculatum auct. non Presl. Plants perennial, rhizome absent. Culms m long, erect, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes bearded. Sheaths tuberculate hispid, margins glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, 9-29 cm by 1-4 mm, pilose, green, base gradually narrowed into the sheath, margin sparsely pectinate at base, underneath with faint (0-)5-7 major nerves. Panicles effuse, by cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, cm long. Pedicels shorter to longer than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets yawning at maturity, mm long, acuminate. Glumes without a distinct internode. Lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acuminate, l-3(-5)-nerved (laterals faint). Upper glume and first lemma acuminate, mm glabrous; upper glume long, 5-7-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; first lemma paleate, sterile, 7-9-nerved, nerves with transverse veinlets. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, glabrous, apex obtuse, straight. Anthers 3, mm long. DistributionAustralia (continental); Malesia: Papua New Guinea (Central Prov.). Eucalypt savanna, m altitude. Note (1987) mentioned 'muricate' upper lemmas, and indeed under high magnification minute papils can be seen in some Australian specimens. Those from New Guinea were all smooth. 8. hayatae Camus hayatae Camus in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 4 (1923) ). Type: Hayata 94 (P holo; K neg. costatispiculum Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sc. Mus. 18 (1947) 14. Type: Lorzing 6605 (BO holo;l). Plants annual (?). Culms m (or more) long, creeping and geniculate at base, rooting from the decumbent nodes, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, margins pilose. Ligule a membranous glabrous collar. Blades linear-lanceolate, 7-18 cm by 7-16 mm, (sub)glabrous, base shortly pseudo-petiolate, margin scabrous, glabrous at base, underneath with 9-14 major nerves (with transverse veinlets). Panicle laxly contracted, the branches erecto-patent, by cm. Main axis smooth, glabrous. Panicle branches glabrous, eglandular,

13 J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 193 naked at base, the lowermostone solitary, cm long. Pedicels longer than the spikelets, smooth. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, mm long, obtuse. Glumes without a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute to acuminate, 5-7-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma glabrous, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, acute, nerved; first lemma paleate, sterile to male (see note), obtuse to acute, 9-11-nerved. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, apically microscopically scaberulous, apex apiculate, straight. Anthers 3, mm long. Distribution Notes N Vietnam; Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Pahang), Sumatra (Toba). Forest margins, clearings, m altitude. The Indo-Chinese specimens seen (Eberhardt 1864, Hayata 94\ P) have somewhat smaller spikelets, sometimes 3-nerved lower glumes, and 3 anthers in the first floret, and not 6 as was stated twice by Camus (1923). Note the disjunct distribution similar to that of Chikusichloa mutica Y.L. Keng (Veldkamp, Blumea 26 (1980) 389, map 1], 9. humidorum F. Ham. ex Hook. f. humidorum F. Ham. ex [Wall., Cat. (1848) 8721] Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 7 (1896) 53. Hamilton in Wallich 8721 Lectotype: (K holo). humidorum F. Ham. ex Hook. f. var. perakense Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 7 (1896) 54. perakense Merr., Philipp. J. Sc., Bot. 11 (1916) 52. Type: King's coll (K holo; CAL). parvispiculum Ohwi, Bull. Sc. Mus. 18 Tokyo (1947) 15, non Nash (1897). ohwii Beetle, Leafl. W. Bot. 6 (1951) 162. Type: Endert 2124 (BO holo). amoenum auct. non Balansa. Plants rhizome absent. Culms 1-2 m perennial, long, erect to geniculate at base, rooting from the decumbentnodes, hollow, not inflatedat base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, margins pilose. Ligule a membranous ciliolate collar. Blades linear, 8-25 cm by mm, glabrous to sparsely puberulous above, green, base truncate, margin glabrous at base, underneathwith 8-13 major nerves. Panicles contracted, the branches appressed to lax, by cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, cm long. Pedicels shorter to longer than the spikelets, smooth to scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, mm long, acute to acuminate. Glumes with a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, obtuse to acute, 3- nerved. and first Upper glume lemma acute, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, first lemma epaleate. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, glabrous, apex acuminate(microscopically scaberulous), straight. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 18, 36. Distribution Indiato S China (Hainan); Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Johor, Perak, Selangor), Sumatra (Tapanuli), Java (an ancient, unnumbered collection from Banten, L), Borneo (W Kutai, Brunei, Sabah) m. Wet places, marshy meadows, old rice fields, locally common, altitude

14 It Dry Tropical 194 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Note amoenum Balansa, with which the present species has been confused, differs by e.g. the distally puberulous, mm long spikelets. 10. humile Nees ex Steud. humile Nees ex Steud., Syn. 1 (1854) 84. austro-asiaticum Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11 (1942) 45, nom. superfl. 452, nom. superfl. vescum R.R. Stewart, Bnttonia 5 (1945) Type: CP 3243 (Thwaites) (P holo; B, BO, K, PDA, US). walense Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 34 (1904) 146 ('watense'). 5580). Type: Leprieur 52 (B holo; K neg. Plants annual. Culms m long, erect to geniculate at base, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, margins glabrous to pilose. Ligule a membranous ciliolate collar. Blades linear, cm by 1-3 mm, glabrous, green, base truncate, margin glabrous at base, underneath with 5-7 major nerves. Panicles lax, axillary and terminal, by cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, 3-6 cm long. Pedicels shorter than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets yawning at maturity, mm long, acuminate. Glumes with a distinct internode. Lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acuminate to mucronate, 3-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma glabrous, 3-5- nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, acuminate, first lemma paleate, sterile, obtuse to acute. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, apex obtuse, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. Distribution W Africa (Senegal to Sudan, Tanzania), Madagascar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, to S China, Taiwan; Malesia: Andamans, Malay Peninsula (Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Wellesley), Sumatra (Sibolga), Borneo (Banjarmasin), Philippines (Culion, Guimaras, Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan). areas, open waste places, grasslands, tea plantations, rice fields, presumably at low altitude, to 1600m up in Africa. Uses Notes Said to provide good fodderbut with little yield. Famine cereal. has turned out that everybody has been copying everybody else, as usual in this business, and that P. humile Nees ex Steud. is not a later homonym of P. humile Thunb. ex Trin. [Gram. Pan. (1826) 164], The latter combinationwas not accepted by Trinius as can be seen from the typography and the index and thus it is invalid. Mez misread the original locality 'Walo' for 'Wato'. 11. khasianum Munro ex Hook.f. khasianum Munro ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7 (1896) 54. holo). Lectotype: Griffith 6498 (K oblongispiculum Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sc. Mus. 18 (1947) 15. Type: van Steenis 8779 (BO holo; K, L). Plants perennial, rhizome short. Culms 1-2 m long, erect to creeping, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous to tuberculately hispid, margins glabrous to pilose. Ligule a membranous ciliolate collar. Blades linear, cm by

15 Note Open, India Lectotype: J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa mm, glabrous to sparsely pilose above, base pseudo-petiolate, margin glabrous at base, underneath with major nerves. Panicle laxly contracted to lax, the branches erecto-patent, by 4-30 cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches glabrous, eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, cm long. Pedicels usually longer than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, mm long, obtuse to acute. Glumes without a distinct internode. Lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute, faintly 3-5-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acute to acuminate, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, first lemma epaleate. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, apically microscopically ciliolate, apex acute to acuminate, straight. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 36. Distribution Agusan ridge). Notes the disjunct distribution reminiscent of montane many and subalpine species. (E Himalaya, Khasia, Naga Hills); Malesia: Sumatra (Aceh, boggy places, c m altitude in Aceh. This species can be confused with P. sarmentosum which differs by the solid culms, panicle branches spikeled to base, pedicels usually up to as long as the spikelets, smooth, lower glume times as long as the spikelet, the upper glume mm long, first lemma paleate, second lemma apex apiculate, incurved. 12. luzonense Presl luzonense Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) , fragm., in LE, microfiche IDC BT-16/1). caesioglaucum Nees ex Steud., Syn. 1 (1853) 75. Type: Haenke s.n. (PR holo, Hb. Trinius Type: extensum Steud., Syn. 1 (1853) 72, non Desv. (1831). holo; BM, K, L). 'Java' (P? holo, not found) Cuming 652 (P cambogiense Balansa in Morot, J. Bot. 4 (1890) 142. Lectotype: Godefroy 62 (L holo; K, fragm., P). caesium Nees [ex Trimen in Britten, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 139, nomen; not so named in Kew J. 2 (1850)97, but compared to it! See note] ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7 (1896) 48, non Nees (1837). reticulatum Thwaites ex Trimen in Britten, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 271, non Torrey (1852). cruciabile Chase, J. Arnold Arbor. 20 (1939) 309. Type: CP 3890 (Thwaites) (PDA holo). capillare auct. nonl. sarmentosum auct. non Roxb. tuberculatum auct. non Presl. Plants annual. Culms m long, more or less erect, hollow, not inflated. Nodes bearded. Sheaths tuberculately hispid, margins pilose. Ligule a pilose collar to a row of hairs. Blades linear-lanceolate to linear, cm by mm, pilose, rarely puberulous or tuberculately hispid, green, base rounded to subcordate, margin pectinate at base and often along the margins, underneath without major nerves (but for midrib), or with 9-17 faint major nerves. Panicles laxly contracted, to effuse, 7-52 by cm. Main axis scaberulous, pilose, rarely glabrous. Panicle branches glabrous to sparsely pilose, eglandular, spikeled to base or not, the lowermost solitary to fascicled, the longest one 3-29 cm long. Pedicels shorter to

16 Very Open, Sri 196 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 longer than the spikelets, glabrous, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, (-2.85) mm long, acute. Glumes somewhat distant. Lower glume broadly ovate, (-1.4) mm long, times as long as the spikelet, obtuse to acute, 5-9-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acute, glabrous, nerves with transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, 9-11-nerved, first lemma paleate, sterile, 7-11-nerved. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, apex obtuse, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, (-1.3) mm long. 2n = 18. Distribution Lanka, India to Australia (Northern Territory); Malesia: N Sumatra (Tapanuli, E Coast), Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Java (W, C), Kangean Archipelago, Borneo (SE Kalimantan: Hayup; Sabah), Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Panay, Tawitawi), SW Celebes (Pampanua), Moluccas (Halmahera, Tanimbar Is.), New Guinea [Irian Jaya: Vogelkop (Wersar), Biak, Japen; Papua New Guinea: E Sepik, Madang, Gulf, Northern Prov.], Solomon Islands (Bougainville). sunny to moderately shaded roadsides, waste areas, beaches, fields, grasslands, often found weedy in tea and rubber plantations, locally abundant, m altitude. Uses Notes Of little value as a fodder. variable in size. Small plants have been called P. capillare, which is a North American species, large ones P. cambogiense. Cuming 652 is not the type of caesium Nees, J. Bot. Kew Misc. 2 (1850) 97, as has always been maintained. It is, however, the type of externum Steud. (1853), non Desv. (1831). Nees listed this numberin a survey of the Cuming specimens in the Lindley herbarium (CGE), stating: " caesium N. ab E. ined.? colore minus caesio differt. Paniculae rami scaberrimi," i.e. 'differing from (my) unpublished? caesium by the less lavender colour. Branches of the panicle very scabrous.' The true caesium Nees intended here is therefore something differentfrom this collection. It is not the P. caesium Nees (1837) which is a species of Echinochloa [aff. E. crus-galli (L.) Beauv.]. The aberrant form described here remainednameless until much later. Trimen, in a checklist ofcp numbers published in Britten, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 139, applied P. caesium to CP 3890 (Thwaites) (PDA holo, and elsewhere), but as he became aware of the earlier homonym he changed the name to reticulatum on p. 271 (description!). CP 3890 is therefore the type. Trimen also used the latter combinationin the Syst. Cat. Fl. PI. Ceylon, p. 105, which also appeared in He was not aware of the existence of a P. reticulatum by Grisebach (1857) and, earlier, by Torrey (1852). The combination P. caesium sensu Nees (1850) was validated by Hooker f., Fl. Brit. India 7 (1896) 48, based on references to Nees (1850) and to reticulatum Thwaites ex Trimen. It is a later homonym, superfluous, and also typified by CP Chase [J. Arnold Arbor. 20 (1939) 309] gave the species the first legitimate name, cruciabile, clearly (lecto)typified by her with CP See her discussion.

17 One Urochloa J. F. Veldkarap: Revision of and Whiteochloa 197 "The sheaths are covered with short irritating hairs which break off and irritatethe skin (Chase). It is not known if these hairs discourage grazing animals or not, but the hairs would have be to exceedingly irritating to baffle the omnivorous goat" [Bor, Grasses (1960) 325], 13. maximum Jacq. maximum Jacq., Icon. PI. Rar. 1 (1781) 2, t. 13. maxima Webster, Austral. Pan. (1987) 241. Type: Hb. Jacquin [W holo, cf. Zuloaga, Darwiniana 23 (1979) 25, t. 6, f. e-h; BM], [ trichoglume K. Schum. in Engl., Glied. Veget. Usambara. Abh. Kgl. Preuß. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin. (1894) 38, nomen seminud.]. maximum Jacq. var. pubiglume K. Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenw. O. Afr. B (1895) 85 (' pubiglumis ).- maximum Jacq. forma pubiglume K. Schum. ex Peter in Fedde, Repert., Beih. 40 (1930) 185. Lectotype: Hoist 8716 (B holo,extant?; K). maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Eyles [Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 (1916) 300, nomen] ex Robyns, Mdm. Inst. Roy. Col. Beige, 1, 6 (1932) 31. Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) Webster var. trichoglumis Webster, Austral. Pan. (1987) 242 ( trichoglume ). Lectotype: Vanderyst (BR holo). Plants perennial, rhizome present. Culms m long, erect or geniculate at base, hollow to filled with marrow upwards, not inflated at base. Nodes puberulous to bearded. Sheaths sparsely tuberculately hispid, margins pilose. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, cm by 8-30 mm, very sparsely tuberculately hispid, base rounded, margin glabrous at base, underneath with 8-16 major nerves. Panicle laxly contracted, the branches erecto-patent, 12-45(-60) by 4-15 cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous to pilose in the axils. Panicle branches glabrous, eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost 6-9-whorled, the longest one 6-20(-30) cm long. Pedicels usually shorter than the spikelets, scaberulous to rarely with a few glassy bristles under the spikelet. Spikelets somewhat yawning at maturity, mm long, acute. Glumes without a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, obtuse to acutish, faintly 3-5- nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acute, glabrous to puberulous (var. pubiglume), faintly 5-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, first lemma paleate, male. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma stipitate, transversally rugose, dull, glabrous, apex acuminate, incurved to straight. Anthers 3, mm long (largest in the fertile floret). 2n = 32, 36, also 16, 18, 28, 38, 40, 42, 44, 48, 64. Distribution Tropical Africa, Mascarenes, Arabia, introduced (sub)pantropically. In Malesia probably widespread, but only seen from Malay Peninsula (Pahang), Singapore, Sumatra (E Coast), Bangka, Java (Jakarta, Bogor, Priangan, Semarang, Surakarta, Besuki), Celebes (Menado), Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao), Lesser Sunda Islands (Timor), New Guinea(Manokwari, Jayapura, Morobe, Central Prov.). Disturbed places, grassy areas, roadsides, riverbanks, plantations, etc., sometimes dominant, (-1500) m altitude. Uses of the best fodder grasses of the tropics as fodder, hay, or silage [Chen & Hutton, PROSEA 4 (1992) 172; 't Mannetje & Kersten, ibid., p. 174], but reported to be a laxative, and sometimes to contain hydrocyanic acid; used for thatching, brooms, basket weaving, famine cereal, bird food.

18 A Originally Guinea Milium Milium Leptoloma 198 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Vernacular names grass (E.), green panic (for var. pubiglume) (E.). Notes very variable species in which a numberof varieties have been recognized mainly based on the indument, none of which seems acceptable. In Malesia apparently the form has been typical introduced, and, more recently, at e.g. least in Sumatra (fide't Mannetje & Kersten), the Philippines (Luzon), and Papua New Guinea (Morobe Prov.) one with puberulous spikelets, var. pubiglume, erroneously called var. trichoglume in most instances. The present species and a few allied ones are distinct within for having distinctly rugose upper lemmas. For this and other reasons Webster (1987) regarded P. maximumas a species of Urochloa, which seems rather unlikely. 14. miliaceum L. miliaceum L., Sp. PI. 1 (1753) 58. sub Milium 1, nom. superfl. milium Pers., Syn. 1 (1805) 83, nom. superfl. Kansas Acad. Sc. Trans. 25 (1913) 86. panicum Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) esculentum Moench, Meth. (1794) 203, nom. superfl. miliacea Smyth, Lectotype: Hb. Linn (LINN holo). Plants annual. Culms 0.21 (1.5) m long, erect to geniculate at base and rooting from the decumbent nodes, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes puberulous to bearded. Sheaths tuberculately hispid, margins pilose. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, cm by 8-20 mm, glabrous to pilose or tuberculately hispid, base cordate and asymmetrical, margin pectinate at base, underneath with major nerves. Panicle laxly contracted, the branches erecto-patent to lax, usually more or less included at base, by 5-15 cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches glabrous, eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost solitary to whorled, the longest one 5-10 cm long. Pedicels shorter to longer than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, 4-5 mm long, acuminate. Glumes with a distinct internode. Lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acuminate, 5-7-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acuminate, glabrous, 9-11-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume 4-5 mm long, first lemma paleate, sterile. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, glabrous, apex obtuse, straight. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 36, also 40, 49, 54, 72. Distribution from Cental Asia, now cultivatedas a cereal or fodderin warm and temperate regions, sporadically so in former times in Malesia (see note). Uses Waste places, abandoned fields, etc. Formerly cultivated as a cereal and fodder, presently mainly Vernacularnames Notes Broomcorn millet, hog millet, millet (E.). as bird seed. An ancient cereal already cultivatedin many forms in Central Europe before 6000 BC, originally possibly from Central Asia where the species is most variable. The grains are made into a as most races cannot be baked into bread. porridge Some attempts have been made to grow the species in Malesia, apparently without much success: Java (cultivated in Bogor as HB 4964, BO, not mentioned in the Flora of Java; Koorders from Priangan is sterile), Philippines (Negros, in 1904), Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores, Maumere, 1919), Moluccas (Tanimbar, Otimmer, in 1938).

19 The Open Malesia: J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa mindanaense Merr. mindanaense Merr., Philipp. J. Sc. 1, Suppl. (1906) 360. Type: Clemens 99 (PNH lost; B = K neg. 7013). braunii Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 56, Beibl. 125 (1921) 5, non Steud. (1854). Lectotype: Braun 8 (B; photo: BRI) (see note). mindanaense Merr. var. pilosum Reed., J. Arnold Arbor. 29 (1948) 270. Type: Kanehira & Hatusima (A holo; 80, FU). Plants annual. Culms m long, erect, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous to upwards sparsely tuberculately hispid, glabrescent, margins glabrous, rarely pilose (in New Guinea). Ligule a shortly pilose collar. Blades linear, 2-35 cm by 2-6 mm, glabrous or puberulous to sparsely tuberculately hispid, base truncate, margin glabrous to pectinate at base, underneath with 5-9 major nerves. Panicles effuse, (7>1030 by (2-)6-15 cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, 6-12 cm long. Pedicels shorter to longer than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets yawning at maturity, (1.9-) mm long, acute to acuminate. Glumes with a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, (1.4) mm long, (0.68-)0.8-l times as long as the spikelet, acute to cuspidate, 5-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acute to acuminate, glabrous, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, 5-nerved; first lemma epaleate to paleate, sterile, 3-5-nerved. First palea very inconspicuous (check in dry spikelet), times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, often twisted 90, apex obtuse, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. Distribution Philippines (Bicawayan Is., Busuanga, Culion, Guimaras, Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan), Moluccas (Ambon), New Guinea: Irian Jaya (Waren, S of Manokwari; Kebar Valley; Merauke), Papua New Guinea (Morobe, New Britain, E Sepik, Western Prov.). places on creek flats, abandoned gardens, moist places, grass lands, savannas, 0-75 m altitude. Notes var. pilosum would differ by having densely pilose, not papillosehirsute sheaths and blades. Most specimens, however, appear to be/have been papillose hairy, and a distinction seems unwarranted, as was also observed by Henty (1969). Chase (1939) equated P. braunii Mez with P. macrocladum (= P. seminudum), and remarked that Braun 8 does not agree entirely with Mez's description, perhaps because the lower glume was said to be 3-nerved, the upper 7-nerved, and the first lemma obtuse. The length of the spikelet was said to be up to 2 mm, which would place it in P. mindanaense, where it was also included by Webster (1987). 16. notatum Retz. notatum Retz., Obs. Bot. 4 (1786) 18. Type: Wennerberg in Hb. Retz. (LD holo; K neg. 4179; the Klein specim. so labeled in Hb. Willdenow 18741,IDC microfiche 7440, is P. repens). montanum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 K, Icon. Ined. 813). (1820) 315. Type: Hb. Roxburgh 813 (BM holo; CAL, cordatum Buse in Miq., PI. Jungh. 3 (Feb. 1854) 376. Type: Junghuhn s.n., Oct (L holo, sh ).

20 Rather Type: 200 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 euchroum Steud., Syn. 1 (Mar. 1854) 98. Lectotype: Wight Hb. 21, p.p., P. neesianum, P. arnottianum (P holo). cordatum Buse var. pubescens Buse in De Vriese, PI. Ind. Bat. Or. 2 (1857) 111. Pani- cum montanum Roxb. var. pubescens Jansen, Reinwardtia 2 (1953) 316. in Hb. Reinwardt (L holo, sh ). Kleinhoven montanum Roxb. var. merrillii Hack, in Kneucker, Gram. Exsicc. XXVIII (1914)823; Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 20 (1914) 164. luxurious auct. non Nees. Type: Kneucker 823 (Fenix & Ramos) (W holo; K, L). Plants perennial, rhizome present. Culms m long, erect to scrambling, rooting from the lower nodes, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous to puberulous. Sheaths glabrous to puberulous, margins glabrous to pilose. Ligule a membranous glabrous to ciliolate collar. Blades ovate-lanceolateto -linear-lanceolate, cm by mm, glabrous to puberulous ('var. pubescens'), green, base cordate, margin pectinate at base, underneath with 7-17 major nerves. Panicles laxly contracted to lax, the branches erecto-patent to patent, by 6-23 cm. Main axis and branches glabrous, eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost solitary to fascicled, the lowermost longest one 5-25 cm long. Pedicels longer than the spikelets, smooth. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, (-3) mm long, obtuse to acute. Glumes with a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, (-2.7) mm long, times as long as the spikelet, obtuse to acute, 3-5-nerved, glabrous to pilose ('var. pubescens ). Upper glume and first lemma glabrous to pilose ('var. pubescens ), nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, obtuse to acute, faintly 3-5-nerved; first lemma epaleate, acute, 5(-7)-nerved. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, glabrous, apex acute, straight. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 18, 36. Distribution India to S China (E to Guandong), Taiwan; Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Kedah, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Pedis, Selangor), Sumatra (Aceh, W & E Coast, Palembang), Riau, Bangka, Java (all over), Kangean Archipelago, Lesser Sunda Islands (Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores), Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Pontianak, Samarinda), Philippines (Culion, Guimaras, Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan), Celebes (SW). dry, somewhat shaded localities, steep slopes, gullies, thickets, along roads, old clearings, jati forest, secondary scrub, sometimes locally common, (-2000) m altitude. Note The var. pubescens, or P. euchroum, is distinguished by the pubescent blades, axils of the inflorescence, upper glumes, and first lemmas. This pubescence is variable, however, and this taxon cannot be recognized. 17. paludosum Roxb. paludosum Roxb. [Hort. Beng. (1814) 8, nomen], Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 310. decompositum R. Br. var. paludosum Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. PI. Ceylon (1885) 105. proliferum Lam. var. paludosum Stapf, Fl. Cap. 7 (1899) 407. Type: Hb. Roxburgh 806 (BM holo; CAL, K: Icon. Ined. 806). proliferum auct. non Lam. sumatrense auct. non Roem. & Schult Plants perennial aquatics, rhizome said to be present (not collected). Culms m long (erect part), geniculate at base to creeping, rooting from the decumbent nodes,

21 Favouritefodder Shallow J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 201 hollow, inflated. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, 9-30 cm by 5-15(-22) mm, glabrous, base green, truncate, margin glabrous to pectinate at base, underneathwith 912(19) major nerves. Panicles laxly contracted, the branches erecto-patent to lax, (-30) by 2.512(30) cm. Main axis glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost solitary to subopposite orwhorled, the longest one 613(20) cm long. Pedicels longer than the spikelet, glabrous, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, (4.5) mm long, acuminate. Glumes without a distinct internode. Lower glume collarshaped, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, truncate to erose to abruptly acute, 0-nerved. Upper glume and first lemmaacuminate, glabrous, 7-9- nerved, nerves with or without transverse veinlets; upper glume (4.1) mm long, first lemma paleate (rarely completely epaleate), sterile. First palea (0) times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, acuminate, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 36, 54. Distribution India, Sri Lanka to S China, Australia (Northern Territory to New South Wales); in Malesia: Sumatra (Aceh, E Coast, Tapanuli), Malay Peninsula (Kedah, Langkawi, Pahang, Penang), Java (Banten, Jakarta, Bogor, Priangan, Kediri), Madura, Borneo ( Korthals s.n., no locality), Philippines (Guimaras, Luzon, Mindanao), Celebes (Minahasa, SW), New Guinea: Irian Jaya (Vogelkop, Jayapura, Merauke), Papua New Guinea (E Sepik, Western and eastern Highlands, Morobe Prov.). water, bogs, ditches, rice fields, often floating, locally dominant, (-2030) m altitude. Uses cakes. of elephants and cattle. In India flour is used for making 18. queenslandicum Domin queenslandicum Domin in Fedde, Repert. 10 (1911) 58. Type: Hartmann in Hb. von Mueller A 1877 (PR holo; K = K neg. 7232). trachyrhachis auct. non Benth. var. queenslandicum Plants perennial, rhizome absent. Culms (-2.5) m long, erect, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, margins glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades to involute, linear, cm by mm when expanded, glabrous, green, base truncate, margin glabrous at base, underneath without or with c. 11 major nerves. Panicles lax, by cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost whorled, the longest one 12-30cm long. Pedicels shorter to longer than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, mm long, acuminate. Glumes somewhat distant. Lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acuminate, 5-9-nerved (laterals faint). Upper glume and first lemma acuminate, glabrous, 7-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, first lemma paleate, sterile. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile (sometimes with a minute stipe), apex obtuse, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long.

22 Dry Pan(sub)tropic, 202 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Distribution Australia (S Queensland, New South Wales); Malesia: Moluccas (Buru), New Guinea: Irian Jaya (Merauke), Papua New Guinea (Western Prov.). low altitudes. Note woodlands, margin of swampy depressions in tall grassland, at The distribution is reminiscent of that of Aristida superpendens Domin. 19. repens L. repens L Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1762) 87; Backer in K. Heyne, Nutt. PI. Indon. (1950) 230. Lectotype: Alstromer in Hb. Linn (LINN holo, microfiche IDC). ischaemoides Retz., Obs. Bot. 4 (1786) 17. repens L. var. ischaemoides Boerl., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 8 (1890) 62. Type: Koenig s.n. (LD holo; K, fragm.). convolutum Beauv. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1 (1825) 319. (B holo, microfiche IDC 7440, Hb. Trinius , fragm., in LE, tuberosum Llanos, Fragm. PI. Filip. (1851) 40. Type: Hb. Willdenow microfiche IDC BT-16/1). Type: Not extant. Neotype: Merrill Sp. Blanc. 708 (L holo; K). miliare auct. non Lam. notatum auct. non Retz. sumatrense auct. non Roem. & Schult Paspalum cartilagineum auct. non Presl. Plants perennial, terrestrial or aquatic, rhizome present. Culms (0.15-) (-1.5) m long, erect or geniculate at base or creeping, and rooting from the decumbentnodes, over 1.5 m long, hollow, inflated. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous to sparsely pilose, margins pilose. Ligule a ciliate rim. Blades linear, 4-22(-30) cm by 2.5-6(-9) mm, pilose above, rarely glabrous, green, base truncate, margin pectinate at base, underneathwith 7-9 major nerves. Panicles laxly contracted, the branches erectopatent, (7) 1322 by 2-9 cm. Main axis glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, (3.5)8.514(19) cm long. Pedicels as long as to longer than the spikelet, glabrous, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, 2.6-3(-3.25) mm long, acuminate. Glumes without a distinct internode. Lower glume collar-shaped, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, truncate, 0-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acuminate, glabrous, 9- nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long; first lemma paleate, male. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, apex acuminate, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 36, 40, 45, 54. Distribution probably introduced in Malesia: Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Bangka, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Java (at least since early 19th century), Madura, Kangean Archipelago, Borneo (W Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak), Philippines (Catanduanes, Cebu, Iloilo, Luzon, Mindanao,Mindoro), Celebes, Muna, Lesser Sunda Islands (Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, Sawu), New Guinea: Irian Jaya (Sorong). Sunny to slightly shaded, usually humid places, swinging moors along lake shores, sometimes along sandy sea shores (salt and heavy metal resistant), edges of mangrove, pioneer on hot mud near solfatares (Jeng), tea and Cinchona plantations, surviving periodic inundations, m altitude.

23 Type: Type: Type: J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 203 Uses Insufficient to highly nutritive fodderand hay, depending on the author. Good binder of sandy soil, used for turfs and lawns ("an eyesore, withoutreservations the most pernicious of all weeds, sparse in growth, poor in leaf, exhausting the soil, harming other plants in their growth, an ineradicableweed, each a reason to shun it. Surface parts not resistant to long, sudden desiccation of the soil or dense shade, but subterranean parts (at least 50 cm deep) survive for many years. Rhizomes used against inflammationsof the ovary and abnormal periods", Backer). Said to contain acid on occasion. cyanogenic Vernacularnames Note Torpedo grass, Victoria grass (E.). Never seen with open flowers or ripe grains, propagating vegetatively only. 20. sarmentosum Roxb. sarmentosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 311. Type: Roxburgh 1778 (BM holo; CAL, K, Icon. Ined. 1778). incomtum Trin., Gram. Pan. (1826) 200. holo, microfiche IDC BT-16/1). Type: Chamisso in Hb. Trinius (LE concinnum Nees, J. Kew Misc. 2 (1850) 97, non Schrad. (1838). Lectotype: Cuming 2284 (CGE holo; K, L, P), said to have come from the Philippines, but in fact comes from Malacca. tjicoyaense Steud., Syn. 1 (1853) 70. (1854) 374, nom. superfl. - vacillans Steud., Syn. 1 (1853) 75. myrianthum Buse in Miq., PI. Jungh. 3 Zollinger 338 (P holo; K neg. 7181, K, L). Cuming 679 (P holo; K, L). campylogrammum Buse in Miq., PI. Jungh. 3 (1854) 375. holo, sh ). Junghuhn s.n. (L incomtum Trin. var. pubescens Buse in Miq., PL Jungh. 3 (1854) 375. Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n. (L holo, sh ).? sarmentosum Roxb. var. parvispiculatum Jansen, Reinwardtia 2 (1953) 318. Type: Beccari PC (FI holo, see note). Plants perennial, rhizome present (?). Culms m long, scrambling, rooting from the lower nodes, filled with not inflated at base. Nodes marrow, glabrous to puberulous. Sheaths disarticulating at base, glabrous to pilose, margins pilose. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, (12) 1638(45) cm by mm, glabrous to puberulous, green, slightly pseudo-petiolate, margin glabrous to hairy at base rounded to base, underneathwith major nerves. Panicle laxly contracted, the branches erecto-patent, (12) 1837(50) cm long, 517(-27) cm wide. Main axis smooth, sometimes viscid (see note), pilose to glabrous upward. Panicle branches puberulous to glabrous upward, eglandular, spikeled more or less to base, the lowermost solitary to paired, the longest one 5-19 cm long. Pedicels shorter than to as long as the spikelets, smooth. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, (1.5-) mm long, ob tuse. Glumes without a distinct internode.lower glume ovate (see note), mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute, 3-5-nerved, glabrous to puberulous. Upper glume and first lemma acute, glabrous to puberulous, 5-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long; first lemma paleate, sterile. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, smooth, shiny, glabrous to apically microscopically scaberulous, apex apiculate, incurved. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 36.

24 Blades Blades Good Sunny 204 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Distribution Indiato Taiwan, S China, Australia (Queensland); Malesia: Sumatra (widespread), Enggano, Lingga, Bangka, Billiton, Malay Peninsula (all states except perhaps Negri Sembilan,Perlis), Java (widespread, especially in the West), Borneo (widespread), Celebes (Central, SE), Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, Panay), Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores, Lombok, Sumba), New Guinea: Irian Jaya (Bird's Head, Merauke, no doubt more common), Papua New Guinea (widespread on the mainland). to somewhat shaded localities, steep riverbanks, ravines, edges of (secondary) forest, thickets, old clearings, scrambling to the tops of scrubs and low trees, locally dominant, (0-) (-1800?) m altitude. Uses fodder. Roots chewed with betel nuts would form an aphrodisiac. Juice used in New Guinea as a blue-green stain for net-bags {Darbyshire 278, L). May turn into an aggressive weed in e. g. rubber plantations, where it may out-compete Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. (Leguminosae) {van der Hegge Zijnen s. n., 6/1927, BO). Notes Some authors distinguished two taxa here [seemajumdar, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 27 (1973) 49]: cm long. Panicle usually contracted, branches viscid. Spikelets more or less elliptic, mm long, greenish dull, strongly nerved. Lower glume 3-5-nerved. Upper lemma dorsally slightly humped P. incomtum cm long. Panicle larger, more open, branches not viscid. Spikelets more or less orbicular, mm long, shiny blackish. Lower glume 1-3- nerved. Upper lemma dorsally rounded P. sarmentosum s.s. I cannot find any differenceof note among the material available. Var. parvispiculatum would differ by the small spikelets, similar to those of P. humidorum, but that species has strictly erect, simple, hollow culms, a membranous ciliolate collar-shaped ligule, a contracted panicle, acute to acuminate spikelets, distant glumes, a shorter upper glume, and no first palea. Not having seen the type, I could not ascertain its identity. Veldkamp 8307 (L) from S Borneo is curious because of the absence of the lower glume. 21. schinzii Hack. schinzii Hack, in Schinz, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 30 (1888) (Z holo; W?). laevifolium Hack., Bull. Hb. Boiss. 3 (1895) (W). Type: Schinz Syntypes: Rehm 4697, 5123, 6552, Plants annual. Culms m long, erect to geniculate at base, hollow. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, cm by 5-15 mm, glabrous, green, base truncate, margin glabrous at base, underneath with 7-9 major nerves. Panicles lax, by 5-15 cm. Main axis glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, cm long. Pedicels longer than the spikelet, glabrous, scaberulous. Spikelets yawning at maturity, mm long, acute. Glumes without a distinct internode. Lower glume ovate,

25 Good Part Because Damp South J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 205 mm long, times as long as the spikelet, abruptly acuminate, 1-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acute, glabrous, 7-9-nerved; upper glume mm long, acute, glabrous, 7-9-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; first lemma paleate, male, nerves with transverse veinlets. First palea as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, acute, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 18, 40. Distribution Africa, introduced elsewhere; in Malesia: Java. Uses fodder for cattle. Vernacular name Note Land grass (E.). of the complex around P. coloratum L., distinct by being a glabrous m tall annual, leaves cm by 5-15 mm, bases truncate, panicles cm long, spikelets mm long, first floret paleate, male, second lemma acute, smooth. 22. seminudum Domin seminudum Domin, Bibl. Bot. 5 (1915) 320. not found). Type: Domin 1/1910 (PR holo; Kfragm., braunii Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 56, Beibl. 125 (1921) 5, non Steud. (1854). Lectotype: Braun 8 (B holo; photo: BRI, K). macrocladum Chase, J. Arnold Arbor. 20 (1939) , BRI, K, L, US). Type: Brass 6568 (A holo; K neg Plants annual. Culms m long, erect, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous to tuberculately hispid, margins glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, 4-31 cm by mm, glabrous to tuberculately hispid, green, base truncate, margin pectinate at base, underneath with 7-11 major nerves. Panicles effuse, by cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermostone solitary, cm long. Pedicels as long as to longer than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets yawning at maturity, mm long, acuminate. Glumes with a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute to acuminate, 5-7-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acuminate, glabrous, 7-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long; first lemma paleate, sterile. First palea times as long as the lemma (check in dry spikelet). Second lemma sessile (often turned 90 ), the apex obtuse, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. Australia Distribution (W Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland), Malesia: Papua New Guinea (W, Central Prov.). Note or swampy soil in savanna forests, 0-60 m altitude. of the spikelet length of c. 2 mm P. braunii is included here, as was suggested by Chase (sub P. macrocladum), who remarked that the lectotype did not exactly match the description. 23. sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & 2 Schult., Syst. Veg. (1817) 434. Hb Roth s.n. (B holo; K neg. 2108). Lectotype: Heyne in

26 Blades Blades Foliage Savannah, Blue 206 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 psilopodium Trin., Diss. Alt. (1826) 217. psilopodium de Wet, J. Agric. Trad. Bot. Appl. 30 (1983) 159. Lectotype: Lindley sub P. ramosum Koen. (LE holo; BM, CGE, L, fragm.). crispum Llanos, Fragm. PI. Filip. (1851) 41. Merrill Philip. PI (L holo). sumatrense Roem. & Schult. subsp. Type: Not extant, Philippines. Neotype: miliare auct. non Lam. trypheron auct. non Schult Plants annual. Culms (-0.95) m long, erect to geniculate at base, hollow. Nodes glabrous to bearded. Sheaths glabrous to tuberculately hispid, margins glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, 4-23(-60) cm by 3-7(-20) mm, glabrous, green, base rounded, margin glabrous to pectinate at base, underneath with 7-9(-12) major nerves. Panicles lax, (3)726 by 4-7 cm. Main axis usually glabrous, sometimes pilose. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost one solitary, cm long. Pedicels usually longer than the spikelet, glabrous, scaberulous. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, (2)33.5(4) mm long, acute. Glumes without a distinct internode.lower glume ovate, (0.8) mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute to acuminate, 7- nerved. Upper glume and first lemma acuminate, glabrous, nerves not anastomosing; upper glume (2.2-) 33.6(4) mm long, 11-nerved; first lemma paleate, sterile, 9-nerved. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, acute, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 14, 36, 40, 54. Distribution Senegal, E Africa, Pakistan, Sri Lanka to N Vietnam; Malesia: Sumatra (?Bengkulu, only known from type), Java (E of Ceribon), Madura, Philippines (Luzon), SW Celebes (Pampanua), Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores, Roti, Timor). An example of the drought track through Wallacea. forest edge, edge of rice field, grassy roadsides, on heavy soil, m altitude. Able to thrive on soils which otherwise yield littleor nothing and producing a crop even in famine years. Uses palatable, by some regarded as hardly of fodder value, any by others said to be a quick growing fodder, producing a thin and soft straw consumed readily by cattle. In India several races are cultivated. The husked grain (husk 20%) is not tasty, dehuskedit is cooked like rice and eaten, used for fermentation, and made into flour for puddings and cakes. Eaten by women in childbed affected by cold. Vernacularnames Notes panic, little millet, sama (E.). For more remarks see also Veldkamp, Eijs & Zoetemeyer (1989). Self-pollination seems to be the rule. Some have distinguished between the cultivated and the wild form, but the differentiating characters are so inconstant that it seems better to regard this as a polymorphic species. usually more than 9 mm wide. Panicle effuse, smaller, not nodding. Pedicels usually longer than the spikelets. Spikelets 2-3 mm long, readily disarticulating at maturity. Wild P. psilopodium usually less than 9 mm wide. Panicle contracted, large, often nodding. Pedicels usually shorter than the spikelets. Spikelets mm long, persistent or disarticulating at maturity. Cultivated and escaping P. sumatrense

27 Specimens andrewsii Rendle in Andrews, Monogr. Christmas Isl. (1900) 192, t. 18 ('andrewsi ). J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa trachyrhachis Benth. trachyrhachis Benth.,Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 490. brachyrachis Benth. ex Hack. in Warb., Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1890) 258 (sphalm.). Lectotype: Schultz 343 (K holo). Ichnanthus harmandii Camus, Not. Syst. 3 (1914) 84. (1982) 113. harmandii Stieber, Syst. Bot. 7 Lectotype: Harmand M9 (P holo; K neg. 5153, L, US, fragm.). kerrii C.E. Hubb., Kew Bull. (1927) 78. Type: Kerr 9581 (K holo). virgatum auct. non L. Plants robust, annual to perennial, rhizome absent. Culms m long, erect, hollow, inflated at base. Nodes glabrous, covered by the sheaths. Sheaths tuberculately hispid, margins glabrous. Ligule a pilose collar. Blades linear, cm by 5-8 mm (when expanded), glabrous, green, base gradually narrowed into the auriculate sheath, margin pectinate all over, underneath with c. 9 major nerves. Panicles lax to effuse, by 7-50 cm. Main axis smooth to scaberulous upwards, glabrous. Panicle branches eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost fascicled to whorled, the longest one cm long. Pedicels shorter than the spikelets, scaberulous. Spikelets yawning at maturity (the fertile lemma turned c. 90 ), mm long, acuminate to caudate. Glumes somewhat distant. Lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acuminate to aristate, 3-5-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma glabrous, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long, acuminate to mucronate, 5-7-nerved, first lemma paleate, sterile, acuminate, 9-nerved. First palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma stipitate (without appendages at base), apex obtuse, straight, smooth, shiny, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. Distribution SE Thailand (Trat), Cambodia (Battambang Siemreap), S Vietnam = (Loc Ninh, Donnai); Malesia: Lesser Sunda Islands (Timor, fide Hackel), New Guinea (Irian Jaya: Merauke; Papua New Guinea [Western Prov., and perhaps elsewhere, fide Hackel], N Australia (W Australia to Queensland). Note the disjunct distribution. Uses Notes Rice fields, moist places, m altitude. May become a in pest rice fields. from Australia have fertile lemmaswith a spongy stipe, reminiscent of Yakirra nulla Lazarides & Webster. Elsewhere the stipe is inconspicuous and no more than a small protuberance. I have not seen any lateral appendages which caused it to be described in Ichnanthus by Camus. De la Saviniere 613 (Celebes, BR, cited by Jansen, 1953), Zeye s.n. from Timor, and unspecified material from New Guinea cited by Hackel (W) were not seen. They may be misidentified specimens of P. caudiglume. A.H. Jansen 17 (L) from Buru turned out to be P. queenslandicum. 25. trichoides Sw. trichoides Sw., Prodr. Veg , US, fragm.). Ind. Occ. (1788) 24. capillaceum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1 (1791) 173. IDC ). Syntypes: Swartz s.n. (S holo;k neg. Type: Le Dru in Hb. Lamarck (P holo, Lectotype: Andrews, A 1897 (BM holo; K). brevifolium auct. non L.

28 Type: 208 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Plants annual. Culms m long, creeping and geniculate at base, rooting from the decumbent nodes, hollow, not inflated at base. Nodes puberulous. Sheaths puberulous to tuberculately hispid upward, margins pilose. Ligule a membranous ciliolate collar. Blades ovate-lanceolate, cm by 5-19 mm, pilose to tuberculately hispid, base asymmetrical, margin pectinate at base, underneath with 7-10 major nerves. Panicle laxly contracted, the branches erecto-patent to effuse, 4-21 by 3-11 cm. Main axis smooth to scabemlous upward, glabrous to pilose. Panicle branches glabrous, eglandular, naked at base, the lowermost solitary to fascicled in threes, the longest one 2-10 cm long. Pedicels longer than the spikelets, smooth. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, mm long, acute. Glumes with a distinct internode. Lower glume ovate, glabrous to sparsely puberulous, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acuminate, faintly 1-3-nerved. Upper glume and first lemma obtuse, glabrous to puberulous, 3-5-nerved, nerves without transverse veinlets; upper glume mm long. First lemma paleate, sterile; palea times as long as the lemma. Second lemma sessile, minutely muriculate, shiny, glabrous, apex acute, straight. Anthers 3, mm long. 2n = 18. Distribution Tropical America, introducedelsewhere; in Malesia: Java (Semarang, Kediri, Surabaya, Malang, Besuki), Christmas Is., Kangean Is., Sabah (Mata Manuk Is.), Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, Wetar), Philippines (Luzon, Culion), New Guinea (Irian Jaya: Merauke; Papua New Guinea: Western, Madang, Central Prov.). Periodically dry, slightly shaded localities, thickets, shaded roadsides, gardens, open parts ofteak forest, locally abundant,0-600(-1000) m altitude. Vernacularname Masher grass (E.). NoteThere is some resemblance to the common Cyrtococcum accrescens (Trin.) Stapf, which differs at first sight by the linear-lanceolate to linear blades, the gibbous, laterally flattened spikelets, and the finely, longitudinally striate fertile lemma with a small, greenish crest at the apex. SPECIES EXCLUDENDAE tuberculatum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 307. holo) mertensii Roth = ex Roem. & Schult. Haenke s.n. (PR This is one ofhaenke's many mislabeled specimens, probably coming from Mexico. [Hitchcock & Chase, Contr. Nat. Herb. U.S. 15 (1910) 141.]

29 This Australia J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of and Whiteochloa 209 WHITEOCHLOA Whiteochloa C.E. Hubb., Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 67 (1952) 109; Lazarides, Brunonia 1 (1978) 67, 406. Type: Whiteochloa semitonsa (Benth.) C.E. Hubb. Ligule a ciliolate to setose collar. Blades linear. Panicle branches determinate [ending in a bristle in W. cymbiformis (Hughes) Simon], Spikelets laterally compressed. Lower glume present, 3-5-nerved; upper glume as long as the spikelet, 5-7-nerved. First lemma paleate, male, convex, with a translucent dorsal groove, which is not always well-developed and may be hidden by the lower glume. Rhachilla internode well-developed. Second lemma shorter than the first, stipitate, dorso-ventrally compressed, apiculate, smooth to finely transversally rugulose, margins incurved. Distribution Note In Australia 6 species, ofwhich one also in Malesia. is one of the satellite genera of, which have recently been accepted as distinct by Lazarides (1978), and Clayton & Renvoize (1986). It differs from s.s. mainly by the more or less filiform stipe of the upper floret. Webster [Austral. Pan. (1987) 255] erroneously has stated that the species would be dioecious. Whiteochloa capillipes (Benth.) Lazarides Whiteochloa capillipes (Benth.) Lazarides, Brunonia 1 (1978)79, t. 3. Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 484. Lectotype: Schultz 806 (K holo; B). capillipes Benth., Plants perennial, rhizome and cataphylls present. Culms m long, erect, hollow. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous to tuberculately hispid. Ligule a ciliate rim. Blades flat, linear, cm by mm, glabrous to pilose, green, base rounded, margin pectinate at base, apex acute to long acuminate, underneathwith 5-7 major nerves. Panicles effuse, by 5-18 cm. Main axis glabrous to pilose. Panicle branches smooth to scaberulous, naked at base, ending in a spikelet, the lowermost one solitary, 3-17 cm long, branched. Pedicels longer than the spikelet. Spikelets not yawning at maturity, mm long, acute to acuminate. Glumes approximate; lower glume ovate, mm long, times as long as the spikelet, acute, 3-5-nerved; upper glume acute, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves not anastomosing. First lemma acute, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves not anastomosing; palea about as long as the lemma. Second lemma finely longitudinally rugulose, shiny, white, glabrous. Anthers 3, mm long. Distribution Buwalda (Trangan: 5305, BO). Notes (Northern Territory); Malesia: New Guinea: Aru Islands Said by Lazarides to be an annual or short-lived perennial, but all specimens seen had short rhizomes and many cataphyll-covered basal buds, which indicates a true perennial. This is one of the species that make the Am Islands so interesting biogeographically.

30 Agama Alston Aet Anta 210 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Index to collectors Only numbered or dated collections have been included. Identifications cited between brackets were not seen by me. (T) indicates a type collection. ant = 1. antidotale Retz. min = 15. mindanaense Merr. aur = 2. auritum Presl ex Nees bis = 3. bisulcatum Thunb. bre = 4. brevifolium L. cau = 5. caudiglume Hack, not pal que = 16. notalum Retz. = 17. paludosum Roxb. = 18. queenslandicum Domin var. queenslandicum cur = 6. curviflorum Hornem. var. suishaense (Hayata) Veldk. rep =19. repens L. sar = 20. sarmentosum Roxb. eff = 7. effusum R. Br. hay = 8. hayatae Camus = hmd 9. humidorum F. Ham. ex Hook. f. sch sem sum = 21. schinzii Hack, = 22. seminudum Domin = 23. sumatrense Roth ex Roem. hml = 10. humile NeesexSteud. & Schult. kha = 11. khasianum Munro ex Hook. f. tra = 24. trachyrhachis Benth. luz = 12. luzonense Presl tri = 25. trichoides Sw. max = 13. maximum Jacq. 'var.' maximum Whiteochloa mxp = 13. 'var.' pubiglume K.Schum. whi = Whiteochloa capillipes (Benth.) mil = 14. miliaceum L. Lazarides A.O. Cameron Highlands SP/A: max Adj. Landbouw. Pamekasan 13: rep Adj. Veearts Donggala 60: rep Adj. Veearts Gorontalo 7: rep; 13: pal; 33: max Aet 795: sar & Idjan 974: luz : tri 270: cau; 502: luz; 599: aur Andrews 15161: hay; 17048: cur Amdjah 797: aur Anang A 1897: tri Anonymous HB 4964: mil 16: sar; 432: sar; 1089: bre ANU 1883 (Kellman): max; (Shea): not; (Shea): not Arendsen Hein 14: rep. Backer 27/12/1910: luz; 15/5/1927: tri; 26: rep; 157: bre; 584: not; 888: luz; 1205: sar; 1616: luz; 1656: luz; 1695: sar; 1941: sar; 2034: not; 2064: luz; 2391: rep; 2601: not; 2650: rep; 2726: cau; 3437: not; 3854: rep; 4037: sar; 4197: sar; 4244: sar; 4345: luz; 4755: rep; 5147: pal; 5181: rep; 5254: not; 5413: rep; 5737: rep; 5793: not; 5816: luz; 6394: bre; 6676: luz; 7159: rep; 7239: luz; 7493: sar; 7591: rep; 7723: cau; 7724: cau; 7784: cau; 8608: not; 8901: sar; 9004: sar; 9117: aur; 9129-bis: bre; 9334: aur; 9407: rep; 9546: not; 9921: luz; 9937: sar; 10078: luz; 10161: rep; 10292: bre; 10324: bre; 10422: bre; 10453: sar; 10501: aur; 10509: rep; 10539: bre; 10685: rep; 11155: aur; 11336: rep; 11755: rep; 11888: pal; 11894: bre; 11898: rep; 11942: luz; 12067: not; 12190: rep; 12371: rep; 12811: pal; 12828: rep; 13024: not; 13083: tri; 13400: rep; 13683: tri; 13742: rep; 13905: not; 13928: sar; 14103: sar; 14532: rep; 14689: rep; 14820: sar; 14889: rep; 15049: sar; 15174: aur; 15407: rep; 15440: rep; 15569: sar; 15734: not; 16033: rep; 16325: rep; 16529: rep; 16563: sar; 16756: rep; 17028: sar; 17427: luz; 17716: rep; 18108: not; 18214: rep; 18478: aur; 18580: luz; 18643: not; 18650: sar; 19010: rep; 19374: rep; 19702: sum; 19798: sum; 20083: rep; 20472: rep; 20973: tri; 21174: rep; 21607: rep; 21963: rep; 22079: bre; 22167: cau; 22184: bre; 22244: rep; 22571: sar; 22665: not; 22690: max; 22851: pal; 23123: bre; 23180: luz; 23399: luz; 23507: pal; 23525: bre; 23566: not; 24044: cau; 24068: cur/sum; 24123: sar; 24177: rep; 24363: rep; 24378: rep; 24407: cau; 24436: rep; 24447: cau; 24500: cau; 24687: cau; 24717: rep; 24811: not; 24986: rep; 25184: rep; 25348: sar; 25460: sar; 25515: bre; 25529: sar; 25583: max; 25589: sar; 25724: bre; 25994: sar; 26459: luz; 26561: sum; 26680: pal; 27189: rep; bis: tri; 27628: tri; 27723: rep; 27791: not; 27897: rep; 28019: cur; 28147: cur; 28155: rep; 28167: tri; 28266: cau; 28278: tri; 28291: luz; 28443: tri; 28444: cau; 28609: tri; 28630: cau; 28772: cau; 28861: tri; 28909: cau; 29164: tri; 29196: cau; 29331: tri; 29336: cau; 29389: rep; 29655: cur; 29680: cau; 29914: tri; 30013: not; 30076: pal; 30090: rep; 30121: rep; 30208: rep; 30777: cur; 30791: tri; 30905: rep; 30917: pal;

31 Brinkman Blokhuis Darnton Corner Dorgelo Clason-Laarman Cinatti Bowers BW Denison de Buwalda Beumee Civ. Brass Co Docters Balansa Bacon Bicknell de Clemens Dransfield Coert Coode J.F. Veldkamp: Notes and on descriptions of and Whiteochloa : max; 31072: rep; 31747: cau; 31915: bre; 32114: luz; 32115: luz; 32116: luz; 32148: not; 32152: pal; 32201: rep; 32202: rep; 32203: sar; 32204: rep; 32205: rep; 32507: pal; 32590: luz; 36934: tri; 37456: cau; 37486: sar; 37513: cau; 37536: tri 209: Bakhuizen rep van den Brink 24/2/1924: bre; 545: 988: 1052: rep; rep; sar; 1552: max; 1956: luz; 1980: luz; 2069: sar; 2741: sar; 3216: pal; 3275: bre; 3284: luz; 3306: aur; 3372: sar; 3669: bre; 4630: not; 5402: bre; 6877: not; 6879: rep; 7562: not; 7822: bre 16/9/1886: aur; 20/11 / 1886: sar; 427: cur; 1625: sum van Balgooy 5116: aur Barber 319: bre; 320: rep Barrie 4: max Bartlett & LaRue 242: sar; 386: sar Beccari PC (T): sar; PS-879: sar Beguin 8: aur; 61: max Berger 2939: not 6/1917: sar; 2/1919: not; A-347: rep; 23: rep; 220: cau; 340: not; 646: tri; 696: not; 720: not; 824: not; 925: not; 962: not; 1147: not; 1334: not; 1368: not; 1717: not; 1843: not; 1962: not; 2246: not; 2324: luz; 2451: not; 2668: not; 2830: not; 3418: not; 3608: not; 3939: tri; 3968: cau; 4132: not; 4286: sar; 4478: not; 4772: not; 4819: not; 5411: cau; 5447: not; BF 5661: bre; 6038: sar 5872 (Curran): hml; (Merritt & Darling): (tri); (Curran): (cur) 186: rep Bloembergen 3104: tri; 3105: tri; 3115: tri; 3135: tri; 3549: tri; 3748: cau; 3758: tri; 3835: cau; 3839: cau 13/10/1919: rep Boer 11: not Boerlage 6/7/1888: sar Bor S-13: max; S-26: rep; S-26A: rep van Borssum Waalkes 668: rep; 794: sar; 2431: rep Boschproefstation 8249: not 851: pal 3631 (T): eff; 5960: min; 6342: aur; 6350: sem; 6484: aur; 6485: min; 6568 (T): sem; 7522: min; 7851: min; 7852: min; 7957: sar; 13942: aur; 23918: sar; 27580: sar Braun 8 (T): (min) van Breemen 22/2/1926: sum; 51: rep 136: 227: rep; luz; 227d: cau; 299: not Broekhuijsen 1: luz; 11: luz Brooke 8255: bre; 8383: bre; 8666: 8918: rep; aur; 9298: sar; 9608: bre; 10346: bre; 10554: sar; 10627: 10650a: rep; sar; 10652: bre; 10667: aur BS 169: (cau); 442 (Mangubat): (bre); 4466 (Merrill): hml; 4478 (Merrill): cur; 4600 (Ramos): luz; 6707 (Merrill): luz; 7344 (Celestino): sar; 7429 (Ramos): pal; 7436 (Merrill): cau; 7618 (Ramos): (tri); 8122 (Ramos): luz; 9222 (Merrill): sar; 9354 (Merrill): sar; (Robinson): aur; (Merrill): min; (Merrill): hml; (Merrill): (cau); (Reillo): hml; (Ramos): luz; (Ramos): (hml); (Ramos & DeRoy): sar; (McGregor): cau; (Ramos): aur; (Ramos): cau; (Fenix): max; 29242: min; (Ramos & Edano): sar; (Ramos): sar; (Ramos & Edano): sar; (Ramos): min; (McGregor): rep; (Ramos & Edano): luz; (Ramos & Edano): aur; (Ramos & Edano): bre; (Ramos & Edano): min; (Ramos & Edano): luz; (Ramos): cau; (Ramos): rep Biinnemeijer 272: sar; 329: sar; 1230a: bre; 1251: not; 1321: not; 1390: not; 1513: not; 1571: aur; 1644: sar; 1711: max; 1984: sar; 2156: sar; 2290: sar; 2440a: bre; 2445: bre; 3522: not; 3588: not; 3984: not; 4325: rep; 6008: sar; 6059: not; 6793: sar; 8020: not; 8203: not; 10705: not Burger 2031: not 2715: max; 2737: aur; 2768: sar; 2820: not; 3424: not; 4383: luz; 4384: mil; 5305: whi; 6060: aur; 7970: rep; 8013: bre; 8030: pal; 8031: rep; 8162: luz; 11305: rep 6329 (Kalkman): luz; 7359 (Versteegh): pal; 8369 (Roeby): max. Carr Carrick 11048: eff; 11104: eff; 12525: sar & Enoh 313: bre Castro 17: tri Cheesman 63: sar Cid 30: aur 141: cau Gezagh. Taliwang 4: cau Clason 64: rep; C-65: K-72: tri; not G-75: rep; 100: rep 9-10/1906: cau; 6/1907: min; 36: sar; 99 (T): (min); 9770: sar; 10028: not; 10696: pal; 17661: hml; 17760: cau; 18208: sum; 18291: sum; 18650: cau; 21322: sar; 27589: not; 27589A: not; 27590: bre; 27662: not; 28271: not; 28274: bre; 28275: hmd; 28275A: hmd; 28300: sar; 28300A: sar; 51224: not; 51489: sar; 51562: hmd; 51566: bre 2409: min 12: rep; 16: not; 502: rep; 548: rep; 832: rep; 1706: rep Controleur van Endeh 4: rep 3780: luz Copeland 396: (cur) aur; 1667 p.p.: luz; 2284 (T): sar; 2409: aur. 21/11 /1941: aur Cuming 652 (T): luz; 679 (T): sar; 1274: Danser 5443: bre; 5843: rep; 6262: max Darbyshire 278: sar; 1171: sar Darbyshire & Hoog- land 8269: sar 267: not van Leeuwen 24/4/1915: rep; 3238: sar; H2300/56: hmd Djamhari 204: Docters rep 3241: not van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan 15/3/ 1909: max; 7869: rep 240: sum; 855: rep; 2361: tri et al. 924: rep.

32 't Forster Kievits Lam Leefmans Hollrung Kuntze Jansen Gouv. Hardial Kasim Kanehira Kooper Kostermans Elbert Feuilletau Funcke Landbouwl. Endert Jochems Kurz Everaarts Hoekstra Legagneux KEP Franck Jacobson King's Forman Main Lauterbach Liitjeharms Karta Kooy Gibbs Landbouwl. Jaheri Kern Elmer Hullett 212 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 Edeling 3/1865: cau 1/1908: sar; 1426: sar; 1837: sar; 1892: sar 4229: luz; 5595: not; 5972: pal; 6589: (sum); 6735: not; 14344: aur; 16398: aur; 18095: rep Elsener H-17: bre; 21: rep; 67: bre 2091: aur; 2102: aur; 2124 (T): (hmd); 3111: bre Erke- lens & Coert 388: rep; 394: rep Fairchild 184: pal/rep 378: rep de Bruyn 204: pal Eyma 1521: not; 3939: rep. 138: rep Forsten 2: max; 173: bis 92: rep; 130: hmd; 133: luz 1931: rep; 72: not 10/1913: rep. 98: cur; 145: not Frey-Wyssling 4/8/ Gates 5675: (tri) Geerts-Ronner 2: tri Gezagh. Sawoe 7: rep Gilmour 13: cur Goetghebeur & Vyverman 6671: pal; 6691: pal Gouv. 2643: sar; 2678: sar - Veearts Soemba 6/1934: rep Veearts Soembawa 1/1930: not; 3A: rep; 26: cau Griffith KD 6492: sar Grutterink 3187: tri; 3267: not. Hallierf. 27/5/1895: bre; 12/7/1895:bre; 24/8/1896: cau; 28/8/1896: sar; 619a: rep; 619b: rep; 619c: rep; 620a: bre; 620b: bre; 625a: sar; 625b: sar; 626: max; 4165: rep; 4193: sar Hardial & Nor 49: luz & Samsuri 234: sar Harmsen 48: cau van Harreveld 9/1917: rep Halt & van Leeuwen M-29: cau; MA-9: max van der Hegge Zijnen 6/1927: sar Heyligers 1147: eff; 1171: sem; 1233: eff 111: rep tra 9: rep Hoetagaloeng 21: rep Hofstee 808: luz Hoogerwerf 21/8/1954: not; 74: tra; 163: min; 275: tra; 285: Hoogland 3290: sar; 3557: luz; 4426: sar; 4835: luz Hoogland & Pullen 6240: pal Houtvester Besoeki 15: rep Houwing 582: rep; 600: luz; 601: rep; 1159: rep 3/1/ 1894: rep; 27/1/1894: max Hume 7613: sar; 7652: bre; 8354: sar. Iboet 152: sar; 339: tri; 352: cau; 556: not. Jaag 84: tri; 98: cau; 189: cau Jacobs 7505: tri 131: hmd Kajewski 1897: luz 17: que 118: rep 1684: pal; 3175: not; 3186: luz. & Hatusima (T): (min) 82: aur; 111: sar; 7: not; 9: sar; 403: cau Kasik 56: not 64: luz; 580: luz (Smith): sar 7313: rep; 7903: bre 1023: rep; 1538: cur; 3463: luz coll. 201: sar; 2546 (T): (hmd) Kjellberg 347: luz; 540: cur; 3011: luz; 3027: pal; 3031: sar; 3112: luz; 3710: sar; 3722: rep Kleinhoonte 255: max; 464: bre; 466: sar Kneucker 612 (Merrill): rep; 731 (Merrill): cau; 732 (Merrill): sar; 816 (Merrill): aur; 819 (Merrill): max; 823 (Fdnix & Ramos) (T): not; 825 (Merrill): hml 7/1932: sum; 12: sum; 223: rep; 906: sar; 2000: cur Koorders 1/1886: not; 15109: not; 15166: mil?; 19802: pal; 21212: not; 21247: sar; 23444: sar; 23942: sar; 25019: not; 26604: rep; 27174: not; 27755: rep; 27781: not; 31396: rep; 34567: luz; 35812: rep; 36992: sar; 37000: sar; 37001: cau; 40016: cau; 40299: max; 40452: rep; 40949: bre; 40955: aur; 41256: not; 41407: sar; 42462: not; 42474: not; 42485: not; 42516: rep; 42549: not; 44098: bre; 44102: sar; 44226: not; 44234: not max; 843: max 298: cau; 757: sum; 784: 11/1938: rep; 9/1958: rep; 4019: cau; 18641: not; 22155: tri; 23844: sar Kostermans & Anta 665: sar Kostermans & Wirawan 29: cau Kunstler 201: sar 4289: not 12/1863: rep; 1839: bre; 1841: sar. LAE (Stevens): pal; (Conn & Katik): pal; (Conn): pal; (Henty & Katik): luz 3161: aur Besoeki 8: rep; 19: rep Cheribon 5: rep; 29: sum Landbouwl. Poerworedjo26/11/1919: rep 622: sar Leano 5427: rep 21/4/1924: rep; 18/11/1924: aur van Leersum la: rep van Leeuwen 6/1958: tri; B: ant; BIAK-9: luz; C: sch 3/1920: sum Loeters 1975-a: cau Loher 1712: not; 1714: rep; 1716: luz; 1718: (aur); 1719: (aur) Lorzing 121: rep; 635: sar; 1523: rep; 1602: sar; 1871: rep; 3376: rep; 3724: luz; 3983: max; 4414: luz; 4452: not; 4453: not; 4455: sar; 4458: sar; 4496: sar; 4531: luz; 4895: pal; 6605 (T): hay; 6945: rep; 7714: pal; 7815: not; 5839: sar; 8049: rep; 8434: pal; 8649: bre; 9096: aur; 9324: not; 9615: not; 9630: sar; 9749: cur; 9879: rep; 10087: rep; 10139: pal; 11002: pal; 11120: luz; 11953: max; 12659: not; 12668: bre; 12674: pal; 12675: sar; 12676: sar; 12696: luz; 13034: aur; 13068: not; 13292: aur; 13762: luz; 13938: rep; 14022: max; 14201: cur; 14213: not/sar; 14531: luz; 14851: rep; 15113: pal; 15607,p.p.: hay/not; 16307: cur; 16348: not van Maarseveen 10: cau Mahmud 4807: sar; 9107: sar Maingay KD 1727: sar Maradjo 328: bre 3852: sar. 225: Mayer 8/1896: max rep; 1737: sar; 2073a: hmd van der Meer Mohr

33 Merrill Metzner 2775: rep; 5653: not; 5770: rep; 5874: not; 5933: not; 7292: rep; 10308: cau; 11419: cur Nedi Reinwardt de Rachmat Miiller van Royen 4701: sar RSNB Sands PNH Roesel Saunders Polak Rahmat Santos Mondi Rahmat Sauveur Ruttner Motley SAN Ridsdale Monod Ottolander Posthumus J.F. Veldkamp: Notes and on descriptions of and Whiteochloa 213 7: rep 10: rep; 97: pal; 123: Iuz; 429: rep; 458: tri; 512: sar; 554: not; 678: cur; 825: sar; 832: cau; 1608: sar; 3107: luz; 3307: cau; 3623: hml; 4136: cur; 4183: luz; 4229: luz; 4251: rep; 4466: hml; 4478: (cur); 5386: (bre); 7079: (sum); 7436: cau; 9222: sar; 9319: not; 9354: sar; 11607: rnin; 11608: hml; Philip. PI. 101: aur; 110: (bre); 597: (sum); 1238: luz; 1281: cur; 1764 (T): sum; Sp. Blanc. 708 (T): rep 76: rep; Meijer 179: cau 2685: rep; Meijer Drees 591: pal Mol 121: rep; 158: rep 42: aur de Froideville 958: rep; 1131: cau; 1247: cau; 1251: tri; 1863: sar; 1856: not 156: not; 315: bre; 337: sar 9: hml; 109: rep; 6 (Mousset): 880 rep; (Mousset): sar Murata et al. B-149: sar; B-251: sar; B-1998: sar; B-4253: not. Nauta 7: rep & Idjan 66: rep; 440: not; 468: luz; 483: aur NGF 4047 (Fryar): max; 4144 (Womersley): sar; 5403 (Floyd): pal; 9542 (Henty): sar; (Henty): ant; (Henty): mxp; (Henty): max; (Gillison): eff; (Streimann): sar; (Ridsdale): sem; (Millar): sar; (Millar): tri; (Henty & Katik): min; (Henty & Katik): sem; (Henty & Katik): sem; (Henty): mxp; (Henty): max; (Henty): min; (Henty & Foreman): luz; (Streimann & Kairo): sar; (Henty): ant; (Henty & Foreman): aur; (Henty & Foreman): min; (Henty): aur; (Henty): tri; (Henty): sem; (Henty): sem Noerkas 66: luz; 69a: sum; 146a: pal. van Ooststroom 12598: bre; 13018: pal; 13569: not; 13621: bre; 13825: not 405: rep; 407: max. Paijmans 913: sar Pleyte 843: rep 3474 (Edano): sar; 4062 (Edano): sar; (Edano): sar; (Edano): aur; (Sulit & Conklin): sar; (Farinas): rep; (Mendoza): rep; (Mendoza): luz; (Steiner): sum; (Steiner): rep; (Steiner): rep; (Steiner): max; (Gachalian): aur; (Edano): aur; (Farinas): min; (Mendoza & Reynoso): rep; (Mendoza): aur; (Mendoza): luz; (Mendoza): luz; (Mendoza): aur; (Banlugan et al.): luz; (Gutierrez): aur; (Conklin & Buwaya): luz; (Gutierrez et al.): aur; (Madulid et al.): aur; (Madulid et al.): aur; (Madulid et al.): aur 1868: rep Popta 83: max 809: aur; 876: sar; 2068: not Pringgo Atmodjo 390: pal; 467: aur Proppe 29: cau Pullen 1049: sar; 1628: sar; 1632: pal; 1637: luz; 1657: aur; 1749: min; 2647: pal; 2794: sar; 3264: sem; 3285: tri; 3302: sem; 6670: sem; 6671: eff; 6832: sem; 6843: tri; 6939: eff; 6941: sem; 7015: tra; 7111: min. Raap 60: sar; 461: sar; 584: bre 382: sar; 401: luz si Boeea 5840: not; 6013: sar; 6262: sar; 6283: not; 8503: sar; 9119: aur si Toeroes 3853: sar; 5617: luz Ramos 1597: aur; Philip. 905: min PI. 2057: luz Rappard 52DB: rep; 229: sum Reeder 904: luz; 7: sum; 9: sum; 17: luz; 201: sar Ridley 9/2/1915: rep; 10/2/1915: rep; 16/1/1917: bre; 30/1/1917: sar; 2/1917: hum; 5/2/1917: luz; 12/12/1920: bre, sar; 20/12/1920: bre; 1/1/1921: max; 22/1/1921: bre; 26/1/1921: not; 14/2/1921: pal; 135: tri; 3116 (T): cur; 5787: luz; 6984: hum; 7126: not; 7779: not; 11007: hum; 11010: hmd; 11015: luz; 11530: sar; 11973: sar; (T): bre; 14867: luz; 14869: sar 1532-Z: cur Robinson & Kloss 24/5/1914: not 399: max; 560: luz; 586: luz; 769: luz; 5186: luz rep; 89: rep; 90: rep; 91: rep; 288: 2593 (Chew et al.): not rep; 348: rep Ryves 92KL/035: bre. 86: rep; 87: rep; 88: S (Anderson): bre; (Mamit): not; (Mamit): bre (Meijer): luz; (Aman & Maikin): not 613: rep 4051: max; 4169: max; 4190: aur; 4611: rep; 4674: rep; 4788: cur; 4921: aur; 4930: cur; 4960-A: cur; 5019: max; 5055: rep; 5129: luz; 5130: aur; 5133: luz; 5638: max; 5736: cur; 5824: max; 5871: rep; 5966: luz; 5990: aur; 6077: cur; 6098: hml; 6140: not; 6167: cur; 6187: hml; 6199: rep; 6205: min; 6292: hml; 6298: hml; 6316: map; 6419: hml; 6497: aur; 6499: sar; 6591: max; 6750: hml; 6781: rep; 6799: aur; 6856: luz; 6953: hml; 7085: not; 7377: rep; 7382: hml; 7410: min; 7442: sar; 7456: min; 7524: rep; 7566: sum; 7583: cur?; 7670: rep; 7701: max; 7880: luz; 8045: sar; 8080: aur; 8086: luz; 8091: aur; 8109: cur; 8112: hml; 8132: not; 8147: min; 8151: hml; 8154: pal; 8204: hml; 8252: aur Sapiin 2157: rep 168: luz & Sinke 2502: max

34 Verheijen Vermeulen Widjaja Wisse University Yates SF Wolf Sohns de 1505: bre; 1529: max; 1549: sar; 1583: rep; 1584: rep Walsh Vidal Stone Soderstrom Wichmann Wurth Wiriosapoetro Verboom Sunarti de 214 BLUMEA Vol. 41, No. 1, 1996 de la Savinifere 1627: max Schiffner Schmutz 2064A: sum; 5031: cur; 5049: cur; 5079: not; 5655: sum; 5731: cau; 5827: cau; 5828: sum; 5901: cau 4450 (Nur): bre; 4505 (Nur): bre; 4534 (Nur): rep; 4535 (Nur): sar; 4599 (Nur): 4603 rep; (Burkill): sar; 4632 (Burkill): not; 4789 (Nur): sar; 4796 (Nur): bre; 5266 (Nur): 6210 rep; (Nur): rep; 7132 (Haniff& Nur): sar; 9329 (Holttum): sar; 9663 (Holttum): sar; (Holttum): luz; (Henderson): rep; (Henderson): aur; (Corner): rep; (Corner): bre; (Nur): luz; (Corner): rep; (Henderson): luz; (Nauen): bre; (Spare): sar; (Spare): luz; (Corner): sar; (Corner): sar; (Corner): bre; (Corner): pal; (Nauen): luz; (Henderson): hmd; (Sinclair): sar; (Gilliland): hay; sar (Wyatt-Smith): Sinclair 18/12/1948: 9828: rep; aur van Slooten 2331: luz; 2491: cau; 2504: cau; 2677: pal & Sunarko 1379: sar Soegeng 23: rep 34: max; 35: not; 40: pal; 46: pal van Steenis 467: rep; 469: max; 1489: rep; 1559: sar; 2902: cau; 3340: sar; 4166: rep; 4428: rep; 4532: rep; 5427: sar; 5673: bre; 5728: rep; 6087: not; 7534: luz; 8779 (T): kha; 9381: pal; 11808: not; 12037: rep; 12363: not; 12613: sar; 18532: hay; 18639: rep et al : rep & Prawiroatmodjo Surbeck 11: max 306: not; 354: not; 361: not. Telford & Howard 10058: rep Ultee 12: rep Teijsmann 6/1876: min van Thull 9: rep. San Carlos 848: aur UPNG 83 (Pulsford): sar; 193 (Pulsford): max; 357 (Tippett?): sem. Veearts Sibolga 8: sar; 23: (hml) Veldkamp 6978: rep; 7148: not; 8307: sar 36: not 2459: sum; 2723: rep; 3745: not; 4125: rep; 4418: sar; 4645: sar; 5287: sar; 5413: not 21: cau Versteeg 1948: pal 3820: aur; 9794: sar de Wallich 8719-B: not; 8719-C: not 4008: not; 4020: rep Voogd 2383: cau; 2532: sar; 2558: cau van der Voort 3: cur. 44: cau; Warburg 311: sar Whitford 1019: sar Whithead & Flenley 106: rep 64: cau 20924: (cau) Vogel White E-ll: sem; 0-15: sem 507: rep Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 13519: hay; 19680: aur; 20089: rep; 20150: sar Williams 134: not; 217: sar Winckel 625: rep; 1525: sar Winkler, Hans 138: aur Winkler, Hub. 2221: sar; 3008: aur; 3077: sar; 3374: luz 74: rep 391: rep; 430: not; 437: not de Wit 4181: rep; 4201: rep; 4208: luz; 4280: not; 4285: bre von Wulfing 1229: not Wray 3644: bre 14/10/1906: rep. Yapp 141: luz 24: sar. Zollinger 338 (T): sar; 3937: cau Index to scientific names The letters and numbers in brackets are three letters and the number of the species under which each name can be found. Accepted names are in Roman type with code and number in bold type; synonyms and excluded species are in italics. Hymenachne aurita Presl ex Balansa (aur 2) polymorpha Balansa (aur 2) Ichnanthus harmandii Camus (tra 24) Leptoloma miliacea (L.) Smyth (mil 14) Milium esculentum Moench (mil 14) panicum Miller (mil 14) acroanthum Steud. (bis 3) amoenum auct. non Balansa. (bis 3), hmd andrewsii Rendle (tri 25) antidotale Retz. (ant 1) archboldii Hitchc. (aur 2) () auritum Presl ex Nees (aur 2) var. procerius Nees (aur 2) var. procerius Presl (aur 2) austro-asiaticum Ohwi (hml 10) balansae Crevost & Lemarie (aur 2) bisulcatum Thunb. (bis 3) brachyrachis Benth. ex Hack, (tra 24) braunii Mez (min 15, sem 22) brevifolium auct. non L. (tri 25) brevifolium L. (bre 4) var. hirtifolium (Rid!.) Jansen (bre 4)

35 J.F. Veldkamp: Notes on and description of and Whiteochloa 215 () caesioglaucum Nees ex Steud. (luz 12) caesium Nees ex Hook. f. (luz 12) cambogiense Balansa (luz 12) campylogrammum Buse (sar 20) capillaceum Lam. (tri 25) capillare auct. nonl. (luz 12) capillipes Benth. (whi) caudiglume Hack, (cau 5) concinnum Nees (hml 10) convolutum Beauv. ex Spreng. (rep 19) cordatum Buse (not 16) var. pubescens Buse (not 16) costatispiculum Ohwi (hay 8) crispum Llanos (sum 23) cruciabile Chase (luz 12) curviflorum Hornem. var. suishaense (Hayata) Veldkamp (cur 6) decompositum R. Br. var. paludosum (Roxb.) Trimen (pal 17) effusum R. Br. (eff 7) elegantissimum Hook. f. (cur 6) euchroum Steud. (not 16) extensum Steud. (luz 12) extensum auct. non Steud. (aur 2) harmandii(camus) Stieber (tra 24) hayatae Camus (hay 8) hirtifolium Ridley (bre 4) humidorum F. Ham. ex Hook. f. (hmd 9) var. perakense Hook. f. (hmd 9) humile Nees ex Steud. (hml 10) incomtum Trin. (sar 20) var. pubescens Buse (sar 20) insulicola Steud. (aur 2) ischaemoides Retz. (rep 19) javanicum Nees & Blume (aur 2) var. angustifolium Buse (aur 2) javanum Nees ex Buse (aur 2) kerrii C. E. Hubb. (tra 24) khasianum Munro ex Hook. f. (kha 11) laevifolium Hack, (sch 21) luxurious auct. non Nees. (not 16) luzonense Presl (luz 12) macrocladum Chase (sem 22) maximum Jacq. (max 13) forma pubiglume (K. Schum.) K. Schum. ex Peter (mxp 13) var. pubiglume K. Schum. (mxp 13) var. trichoglume Eyles ex Robyns (mxp 13) mertensii Roth ex Roem. & Schult. = nom. excl. miliaceum L. (mil 14) () miliare Lam. = (ant 1) miliare auct. non Lam. (cur 6, rep 19, sum 23) milium Pers. (mil 14) mindanaense Merr. (mill 15) var. pilosum Reed, (min 15) montanum Roxb. (not 16) var. merrillii Hack, (not 16) var. pubescens (Buse) Jansen (not 16) myrianthum Buse (sar 20) notatum auct. non Retz. (rep 19) notatum Retz. (not 16) oblongispiculum Ohwi (kha 11) ohwii Beetle (hmd 9) ovalifolium Poir. in Lam. (bre 4) paludosum Roxb. (pal 17) papuanum Mez (cur 6) parvispiculum Ohwi (hmd 9) perakense (Hook, f.) Merr. (hmd 9) polymorphum Camus (aur 2) proliferum Lam. = (ant 1) var. paludosum (Roxb.) Stapf (pal 17) proliferum auct. non Lamk. (pal 17) psilopodium Trin. (sum 23) queenslandicum Domin var. queenslandicum (que 18) repens L. (rep 19) var. ischaemoides (Retz.) Boerl. (rep 19) reticulatum Thwaites ex Trimen (luz 12) roxburghii Spreng. (cur6) sarmentosum Roxb. (sar 20) var. parvispiculatum Jansen (sar 20) sarmentosum auct. non Roxb. (luz 12) schinzii Hack, (sch 21) seminudum Domin (sem 22) suishaense Hayata (cur 6) sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. (sum 23) subsp. psilopodium (Trin.) de Wet (sum 23) sumatrense auct. non R. & S. = (ant 1, cur 6, pal 17, rep 19) tenellum Roxb. (cur 6) tjicoyaense Steud. (sar 20) trachyrhachis Benth. (tra 24) trachyrhachis auct. non Benth. (que 18) trichoglume K. Schum. (mxp 13) trichoides Sw. (tri 25) trypheron auct. non Schult. (sum 23) trypheron Schult. (cur 6) var. suishaense (Hayata) Hsu (cur 6) tuberculatum auct. non Presl. (eff 7, luz 12) tuberculatum Presl = nom. excl.