Ferulago trojana (Umbelliferae), a new species from western Turkey

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1 Original rticle NEW SPECIES OF FERULGO FROM TURKEY E. KLIN and M. G. PIMENOV otanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 146, With 5 figures Ferulago trojana Umbelliferae), a new species from western Turkey EMINE KLIN 1 * and MICHEL G. PIMENOV 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical otany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of I stanbul, eyazit 34452, I stanbul, Turkey 2 otanical Garden, Moscow State University, Moscow , Russia Received July 2003; accepted for publication March 2004 Ferulago trojana E. kalın & Pimenov sp. nov., is described from western Turkey. It is closely related to F. confusa, F. silaifolia and F. thirkeana. Diagnostic characters of these species and European F. sylvatica are discussed.. DDITIONL KEYWORDS: natolia conservation status flavonoids fruits leaves. INTRODUCTION Turkey is an acknowledged centre of biodiversity in the middle-sized Umbelliferae genus Ferulago W. D. J. Koch, and, most probably, the main area of its origin and primary diversification Peşmen, 1972; ernardi, 1979; Tomkovich & Pimenov, 1987, 1989; kalın & Özhatay, 2001). Out of 47 Ferulago species, 29 are known to be distributed in Turkey, some being described comparatively recently Tomkovich & Pimenov, 1981; Saya & Miski, 1985; Özhatay & kalın, 2000). This suggests that the genus is worthy of further studies in Turkey, in particular in its western and north-western parts. FERULGO SYLVTIC IN WESTERN NTOLI One problematic species in these regions of Turkey is F. sylvatica Peşmen, 1972; Yıldırımlı, 1997; kalın & Özhatay, 2001). Our joint investigation with the participation of N. Özhatay and E.V. Kljuykov) on ISTE s The Herbarium of I stanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy) series of specimens, collected in Çanakkale and alıkesir and preliminarily determined as F. sylvatica, showed them to be different from central *Corresponding author. akaline@istanbul.edu.tr and eastern European for instance, Carpathian) plants of the same species. The most visible difference is that Turkish plants have broad ovate bracts at the ramification points of the synflorescence zone. Paraclades of synflorescence and peduncles of separate compound umbels are situated in the axils of these bracts. Synflorescence bracts are distinct from those of typical umbels. These two kinds of bracts are similar in form, but differ in position. True F. sylvatica the species was described by esser as Ferula sylvatica, probably from the pre-carpathian area) has small lanceolate bracts of this kind. This character is rather rare in the genus Ferulago. In Turkey, however, there are several species with more or less developed ovate synflorescence bracts: F. confusa Velen., F. silaifolia oiss.) oiss. and F. thirkeana oiss.) oiss., the two latter being described initially in the genus Lophosciadium. ll of these species are distributed in north and north-west Turkey, some being narrow endemics Fig. 1). lthough they are similar in synflorescence bract structure, all of these species, i.e. F. confusa, F. silaifolia, F. thirkeana and Turkish F. sylvatica described below as F. trojana sp. nov.) differ from each other in certain characters. lthough the differences are not so striking, they are none the less of diagnostic and taxonomic importance. These characters include the form of terminal leaf lobes and of dorsal mericarp ribs. 499

2 500 E. KLIN and M. G. PIMENOV EDIRNE KIRKLRELI ˆ TEKIRDG ISTNUL IZMIT CNKKLE URS ILECIK IZMIR LIKESIR MNIS USK KUTHY FYON Figure 1. Map of north-west Turkey showing distribution of Ferulago species: F. confusa Velen., F. trojana E. kalın & Pimenov sp. nov., F. silaifolia oiss.) oiss., F. thirkeana oiss.) oiss. Figure 2. Fruits of several Ferulago species., F. trojana E. kalın & Pimenov sp. nov. Turkey, 1 Çanakkale, 200 m, 8.viii E. kalın, N ISTE)., F. confusa Velen. Turkey, Çanakkale, Kuruda g. 31.vii aytop, N ISTE 20853). C, F. sylvatica esser) Rchb. Ukraine, Transcarpathian, near Mt. Cholmez. 19.viii M. Pimenov, N 89. MW.). D, F. silaifolia ois.) oiss. Turkey, 2 ) ursa, İnegöl. 9.viii N. & E. Özhatay, S.Saçlı, E. lkalın, N ISTE 52530). E, F. thirkeana oiss.) oiss. Turkey, 2 E) İstanbul, Çatalca, below the Grove, 7.viii E. lkalın, S. Saygılı, E. Cevher. ISTE 74329). C D E E D C Figure 3. Mericarp TS of several Ferulago species., F. trojana E. kalın & Pimenov sp. nov. Turkey, 1 Çanakkale, 200 m, 8.viii E. kalın, N ISTE)., F. confusa Velen. Turkey, Çanakkale, Kuruda g. 31.vii aytop, N ISTE 20853). C, F. sylvatica esser) Rchb. Ukraine, Transcarpathian, near Mt. Cholmez. 19.viii M.Pimenov, N 89. MW.). D, F. silaifolia ois.) oiss. Turkey, 2 ) ursa, İnegöl. 9.viii N. & E. Özhatay, S. Saçlı, E. kalın, N ISTE 52530). E, F. thirkeana oiss.) oiss. Turkey, 2 E) İstanbul, Çatalca, below the Grove, 7.viii E. kalın, S.Saygılı, E. Cevher. ISTE 74329). Fruit structures showing their differences are illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. It is clearly seen that Central European F. sylvatica and other species under analysis differ considerably in the degree of dorsal rib development. Its marginal ribs are keeled not winged), straight and have broader than dorsal ribs, which are thicker and shorter as compared with the marginal ribs of F. confusa, the new species and F. silaifolia. Mesocarp parenchyma is only slightly lignified in all species. Thus, in fruit anatomy the Turkish populations of F. sylvatica clearly differ from that of central and eastern Europe. Turkish plants of F. sylvatica are similar in mericarp structure to F. confusa, F. silaifolia

3 NEW SPECIES OF FERULGO FROM TURKEY 501 D Figure 4. Leaf lobes of several Ferulago species., F. trojana E. kalın & Pimenov sp. nov. Turkey, 1 Çanakkale, 200 m, 8.viii E. kalın, N ISTE)., F. confusa Velen. Turkey, Çanakkale, Kuruda g. 31.vii aytop, N ISTE 20853). C, F. sylvatica esser) Rchb. Ukraine, Transcarpathian, near Mt. Cholmez. 19.viii M. Pimenov, N 89. MW.). D, F. silaifolia ois.) oiss. Turkey, 2 ) ursa, İnegöl. 9.viii N. & E. Özhatay, S. Saçlı, E. kalın, N ISTE 52530). E, F. thirkeana oiss.) oiss. Turkey, 2 E) İstanbul, Çatalca, below the Grove, 7.viii E. kalın, S. Saygılı, E. Cevher. ISTE 74329). and F. thirkeana. ll have narrow winged ribs the marginal ones are slightly broader than the dorsal) Fig. 3). The parenchyma of the mesocarp is almost completely composed of cells with lignified pitted walls. There are some differences within this species group in mericarp form and degree of rib waviness. F. silaifolia has larger fruits with all ribs moderately wavy. Ferulago confusa has mericarps oval to almost round in outline together with ribs), and all ribs are very wavy. Turkish F. sylvatica has mericarps similar in form to those of F. confusa, but with straight marginal ribs and slightly wavy dorsal ones Fig. 3). The species can also be distinguished using terminal leaf lobes. s in the majority of Ferulago species, terminal leaf lobes are narrow, but they differ in form and lobe apex. Terminal lobes in true F. sylvatica are E 10 mm Table 1. Flavonoid flavonols and flavons) composition of the species included in this study kalın, 1999). Q, quercetin; K, kaempferol; IsoRh, isorhamnetin; L, luteolin;, apigenin C Flavonol Flavon ISTE number glycones Q K IsoRh L Ferulago confusa Ferulago trojana Ferulago thirkeana Ferulago silaifolia oblong, in Turkish F. sylvatica they are linear to linear lanceolate, in F. confusa they are setaceous, and in F. silaifolia and F. thirkeana they are lanceolate, obtuse Fig. 4). Phytochemical differences between F. trojana and its relatives are given in Table 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW SPECIES FERULGO TROJN E.KLIN & PIMENOV SP. NOV. SECT. LOPHOSCIDIUM DC.) PIMENOV & TOMK.) Type: TURKEY: Kaz Dagı, Kilise lan Yaylası road, below of azlamaç, 290 m, 7.vi.1996, Ş.Kültür, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 71988! holo. ISTE).

4 502 E. KLIN and M. G. PIMENOV Specimens examined paratypes): 1) ÇNKKLE: 10 km from Çan to Yenice, 9.vi.1996, Ş.Kültür, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72041!; 36 km from Çan to Çanakkale, 310 m, 11.vi.1996, Ş.Kültür, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72076!; Çan to Çanakkale, lanköy village, 400 m, 11.vi.1996, E.kalın, S.Saçlı, ISTE 72084!; Çan, near the Kumarlar village, 500 m, 8.viii.1996, N. & E.Özhatay, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72505!; 10 km from Çan to Yenice, 280 m, 8.viii.1996, N. & E.Özhatay, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72508!; ibid., 8.viii.1996, N. & E.Özhatay, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72509!; 11 km from Çan to Yenice, 200 m, 8.viii.1996, N. & E.Özhatay, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72512!; ibid., 8.viii.1996, N. & E.Özhatay, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72513!; 1 ÇNKKLE: Çan, 3 km from Terzialan village, 240 m, 10.vi.1996, Ş.Kültür, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72044!; 17 km from Yenice to Çan, 650 m, 23.viii.1997, N.Özhatay, E.kalın, ISTE 74502!; LIKESI R: 28 km E Edremit, Pinetum, 100 m, 14.vi F.Sorger, W!; Zeytinli, Mehmetalan village, 120 m, 7.vi.1996, Ş.Kültür, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 71930!; Namazgah village, Namazgah to Yenice road, 350 m, 9.vi.1996, Ş.Kültür, S.Saçlı, E.kalın, ISTE 72038!; Edremit, Kaz Dagı, Zeytinli, elow of azlamaç, 420 m, 5.vii.1997, E.kalın, S.Koçak, ISTE 74313!; Edremit, Kaz Dagı, 2 km Zeytinli, 150 m, 5.vii.1997, E.kalın, S.Koçak, ISTE 74316!. Diagnosis: Species nova Ferulagini confusae Velen., F. silaifoliae oiss.) oiss. et F. thirkeanae oiss.) oiss. affinis, sed differt: a Ferulago confusa, lui proxima est, laminis foliorum ambitu latioribus nec linearibus nec anguste lanceolatis), lobis terminalibus linearibus vel lineari- KEY OF DIGNOSTIC CHRCTERS OF FERULGO SPECIES 1. Sheaths of stem leaves amplexicaul; bracts linear-lanceolate; dorsal mericarp ribs narrow, up to mm wide...f. thirkeana 1. Sheaths of stem leaves not amplexicaul; bracts wide ovate-lanceolate to oblong; dorsal ribs winged, mm wide except F. sylvatica mm), crenate Stem sulcate; leaf sheaths expanded, terminal leaf lobes lanceolate, mm wide; vittae 6 12 in each mericarp... F. silaifolia 2 Stem terete or angled; leaf sheaths very narrow, terminal leaf lobes linear, filiform mm wide; vittae more than 12 in each mericarp Stem angled; basal leaves linear in outline, stem leaves not sheathed, terminal leaf lobes filiform, mm wide; peduncle of central umbel equal or longer than other umbels... F. confusa 3. Stem terete; basal leaves ovate, lanceolate to narrow lanceolate in outline; stem leaves sheathed, terminal leaf lobes linear to oblong, rarely filiform, mm wide; central umbel sessile or short-pedunculate asal leaves ovate to lanceolate; terminal leaf lobes oblong; bracts in synflorescence comparatively small, lanceolate; dorsal ridges prominent, rarely narrowly winged, marginal ribs with a wing c. 1 mm wide, more or less thickened... F. sylvatica 4. asal leaves narrow lanceolate to oblong; terminal leaf lobes linear, rarely filiform; bracts in synflorescence large, ovate; dorsal and marginal ribs winged, crenate; mm/ mm... F. trojana lanceolatis non setaceis), jugis mericarpiorum fere non undulatis vel vix undulatis; a F. silaifolia mericarpiis late ovatis, brevioribus, jugis mericarpiorum fere non undulatis, crenulatis, lobis terminalibus foliorum obtusis non acutis); a F. thirkeana lobis terminalibus foliorum glabris non scabridis), pedicellis longioribus, jugis dorsalibus mericarpiorum alatis, crenulatis. a F. sylvatica ex Europa, quacum saepe confunditur, bracteis synflorescentiae ovatis bene evolutis, forma mericarpiorum late ovatis, non elongatis), jugis mericarpiorum aperte alatis distinguitur. Description: Glabrous perennial herbs cm tall with individed rootstock and vertical root. STEMS angled, sulcate, branching mainly in the middle and upper parts, solid. asal leaves several. LEF blades lanceolate, 3 4-pinnatisect, elliptic or narrow ovate in outline, cm long, 1 15 cm broad, primary segments sessile or with very short petiolules, terminal lobes linear or filiform, mm long, mm broad, apiculate. Cauline leaves similar but diminishing towards the top. Upper cauline leaves transformed to bracteiform ones with broadly ovate base and reduced pinnate blades. SYNFLORESCENCE corymbose, broad, of several branches, lower alternate, upper pseudoverticillate, both in axils of broadly ovate synflorescence bracts. Central umbel broader cm diameter) than laterals cm diameter), with shorter peduncle. Lateral synflorescence bracts paraclades) long, pedunculate, branching, their lateral umbels at the branches of third order) sterile. Umbel bracts 5 8, ovate, broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse to apiculate, 8 23 mm long, mm broad,

5 NEW SPECIES OF FERULGO FROM TURKEY 503 Figure 5. Type specimen of Ferulago trojana E. kalın & Pimenov sp. nov.

6 504 E. KLIN and M. G. PIMENOV herbaceous, green, sometimes with narrow membraneaceous margins. Rays 5 17, subequal, cm long. Umbellets 8 20-flowered. ractlets 5 6, similar to bracts, ovate, broadly ovate, ovate-rotundate to deltoid, herbaceous, 4 15 mm long, 2 6 mm broad. CLYX teeth ovate-rotundate, rotundate or triangular, persistent. PETLS are yellow, obovate, entire, with inflexed tip. FRUIT 8 11 mm long, 6 7 mm broad, broadly ovate in outline, carpophore 2-cleft. Stylopodia low-conical, undulate at margin, styles reflexed, c. 1 mm long. Mericarps compressed dorsally. Ribs thin, broadly winged, slightly crenate, dorsal slightly shorter than marginal. Commissure broad. Exocarp of small cells, interrupting in the middle part of commissural surface of marginal ribs. Mesocarp parenchyma of cells with pitted lignified walls. Vascular bundles are situated near the rib bases. Vittae cyclica, numerous 35 45), in the inner layer of mesocarp. Endocarp and spermoderm of small cells. Endosperm plane on the commissural side. Fl. V VI, fr. VII VIII. Ecology: ushy slopes, openings in forests, under the maquis, Pinus brutia, Olea europaea, Quercus species, Spartium junceum scrubs, usually on calcareous substrates, m a.s.l. Location: North-west natolia, local, endemic to this area. Recommended IUCN Threat Category Listing: In our opinion the IUCN category Categories & Criteria v.3.1.; IUCN Red List 2001) of this new species is VU. This is largely because F. trojana roots are collected for use as an antihaemorrhoid by local people. lthough this new species is well distributed in alıkesir and Çanakkale provinces north-west Turkey), its roots have been collected for many years in Çanakkale and therefore in this region the species is under threat. CKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by grants from the Turkish Scientific Research Council Tubitak), Istanbul University Research Foundation and Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations RFFI). Many thanks are due to Professor N. Ozhatay and Dr E.V.Kljuykov for valuable discussion and help, and to the curators of herbaria: ISTF, W. REFERENCES kalın E Taxonomical studies on the genus Ferulago in Western natolia. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Istanbul University. kalın E, Özhatay N Ferulago species in western Turkey. In: Özhatay N, ed. Plants of the alkan Peninsula: into the next millennium. Proceedings of the 2nd alkan otanical Congress. Istanbul: Marmara University Press, ernardi L Tentamen revisionis generis Ferulago. oissiera 30: IUCN Red List redlists/rlcats2001booklet.html Özhatay N, kalın E new species of Ferulago W.Koch Umbelliferae) from north-west Turkey. otanical Journal of the Linnean Society 1334): Peşmen H Ferulago W. Koch. In: Davis PH, ed. Flora of Turkey and the East egean Islands 4. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, Saya Ö, Miski M new Ferulago piaceae) species from Turkey. Plant Systematics and Evolution 151: Tomkovich LP, Pimenov MG Une nouvelle espèce du genre Ferulago Koch Umbelliferae) de S.E.Turquie et N.W.Iran. Candollea 362): Tomkovich LP, Pimenov MG Polythetic classification of species of the genus Ferulago Umbelliferae) in Russian). otanischeskii Zhurnal 727): Tomkovich LP, Pimenov MG otanico-geographical analysis of the genus Ferulago W.D.J.Koch Umbelliferae). Feddes Repertorium ): Yıldırımlı S The chorology of the Turkish species of piaceae family. Ot Sistematik otanik Dergisi 42):