203. Licania vaupesiana Killip & Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 105 (1951)

Transcription

1 CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Licania) 202. Licania paraensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 163 (1972) T: Brazil North: Pará, Santarém, A.Ducke RB 18818; holo: K; iso: NY, RB. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 159 (1972). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 177 (1989). Tree, large. Branches puberulous when young, glabrescent. Leaves with stipules lanceolate, puberulous, 5 10 mm long, adnate to petiole; petioles 8 15 mm long, tomentellous, canaliculate, glandular or eglandular; lamina elliptic, chartaceous, cm, rounded or mucronate at apex, rounded to subcuneate at base, glabrous above, deeply reticulate and with grey-lanate pubescence beneath; venation parallel; midrib impressed and glabrous above; primary veins pairs, prominent beneath, plane above. Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis puberulous and branches ferrugineoustomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles mm long, lanceolate, subpersistent, puberulous on exterior. Flowers mm long. Receptacle campanulate-cupuliform, sessile, ferrugineoustomentellous on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on exterior, puberulous within. Petals absent. Stamens 6, inserted around complete circle; filaments glabrous, free to base, shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary pilose. Style pilose to apex. Young fruit rufous-velutinous pubescent. Fig. 32. Amazonian Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. 83: BOL, PER. 84: BZN (AM, AP, PA, RO). Nonflooded forest. Map BOLIVIA: Pando, W bank of Rio Madeira, 3 km above Riberão, G.T.Prance et al (INPA, NY, P, RB). PERU: Madre de Dios, Tambopata Prov., Cuzco Amazónico, P.Nuñez et al (K, MO). 84. BRAZIL NORTH: Amapá, road Caracurú-Munguba, Jari, N.T. da Silva 2826 (IAN, NY); Amazonas, Manaus-Itacoatiara km 99, W.A.Rodrigues & A.Loureiro 7136 (INPA); Pará, Rio Jari, Monte Dourado, M.R.Santos 444 (MG, NY); Rondônia, Mun. de Porto Velho, Samuel Dam area, C.A.Cid Ferreira 7437 (INPA, K, NY) Licania vaupesiana Killip & Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 105 (1951) T: Colombia: Vaupés, Río Cuduyarí, tributary of Río Vaupés, J.Cuatrecasas 6837; holo: COL; iso: fragments F, US. Licania parviflora var. grandifolia Hook.f., in C.F.P.Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(2): 19 (1867). T: Colombia: Amazonas, C.F.P.Martius s.n.; holo: M. Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 191 (1989). Tree. Branches puberulous when young, soon becoming glabrous and lenticellate. Leaves with stipules linear, c. 5 mm long, intrapetiolar or adnate to inside of extreme base of petiole, puberulous, persistent; petioles 4 7 mm long, puberulous, terete, eglandular; lamina elliptic, coriaceous, cm, with acumen 5 10 mm long, rounded at base, glabrous above, densely brown-lanate beneath; midrib impressed above, pubescent towards base; primary veins 11 or 12 pairs, prominent beneath, plane above. Inflorescences terminal and subterminal panicles; rachis and branches puberulous. Flowers c. 2 mm long, in small subsessile groups or solitary on primary branches of inflorescence. Bracts and bracteoles to 1 mm long, triangular, persistent, puberulous on exterior. Receptacle campanulate, sessile, tomentose on exterior and within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5 7, unilateral; filaments shorter than calyx lobes, glabrous. Ovary tomentose. Style equalling filaments, tomentose throughout. Fruit (immature) oblong; epicarp sordid-ferrugineous pubescent, wrinkled when dry; pericarp thin, hard, woody, sparsely hirsute within. Venezuela, Amazonian Colombia and Brazil. 82: VEN. 83: CLM. 84: BZN (AM). Riverine forest. Map VENEZUELA: Amazonas, Dept. Atures, Puerto Ayacucho, Río Cataniapo, A.Castillo 1859 (NY). 83. COLOMBIA: Vaupés, Río Caduyari, trib. of Río Vaupés, A.S.Barclay et al. 603 (K). 84. BRAZIL NORTH: Amazonas, Mun. de Serrinha, Igarapé Serrinha, C.Damião 2637 (INPA) Licania bahiensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 165 (1972) T: Brazil Northeast: Bahia, Ilhéus, H.P.Vellozo 736; holo: R; iso: NY. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 166 (1972); Revista Brasil. Bot. 2: 30 (1979). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 134 (1989). 167

2 168 SPECIES PLANTARUM FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) Tree. Branches glabrous when young, lenticellate. Leaves with stipules c. 3 mm long, persistent, lanceolate, puberulous, adnate to base of petiole; petioles 5 6 mm long, puberulous, terete, eglandular; lamina oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, cm, apiculate to acuminate at apex with acumen 1 5 mm long, rounded to subcuneate at base, glabrous above, densely lanate-pubescent beneath; venation plane; midrib glabrous, slightly impressed above; primary veins 6 8 pairs, prominent beneath, plane above. Inflorescences in terminal and axillary racemose panicles; rachis and branches grey-puberulous. Bracts and bracteoles mm long, ovate, persistent, puberulous on exterior. Flowers c. 2 mm long. Receptacle campanulate, sessile, grey-tomentellous on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on exterior, puberulous within. Petals absent. Stamens 3, unilateral; filaments glabrous, free to base, shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary villous. Style pubescent to apex. Fruit not seen. Brazil (Bahia); known only from the type collection. 84: BZE (BA). Coastal forest. Map Licania maxima Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 165 (1972) T: Brazil North: Amapá, Rio Oiapoque, Clevelândia, B.Maguire, J.M.Pires & C.Maguire 47081; holo: NY; iso: IAN, MG, P. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 166 (1972). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 167 (1989). Tree to 32 m tall. Branches glabrescent when young, lenticellate. Leaves with stipules lanceolate, 4 5 mm long, persistent, adnate to base of petiole; petioles 6 7 mm long, terete to weakly canaliculate, pubescent when young, eglandular; lamina submembranous, oblong, cm, with acumen 4 8 mm long, rounded to subcuneate at base, glabrous above, lanate-arachnoid pubescent beneath, deeply reticulate; midrib glabrous and plane above; primary veins 8 10 pairs, plane above, prominent beneath. Inflorescences terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches grey-puberulous; bracts and bracteoles ovate to lanceolate, to 2 mm long, equalling flowers in length, persistent, puberulous outside. Flowers sessile, 2 mm long. Receptacle campanulate, grey-tomentellous outside, tomentose within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5, inserted around complete circle; filaments glabrous, free to base, shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary villous-tomentose. Style pubescent to apex, shorter than calyx lobes. Fruit not seen. Brazil (Amapá); known only from the type collection. 84: BZN (AP). Riverine forest. Map Licania mollis Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 219 (1840) T: Brazil North: Amazonas, R. & R.Schomburgk 910; holo: K; iso: BM, CGE, F, G, GH, L, NY, OXF, P, TCD, US, W. Licania lucida J.F.Macbr., Candollea 5: 369 (1934). T: Peru: Loreto, Mishuyaru near Iquitos, G.Klug 462; holo: F; iso: NY, US. Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 172 (1989). Tree to 15 m tall. Branches pubescent when young, becoming glabrous and lenticellate with age. Leaves with stipules linear-lanceolate, 3 6 mm long, erect, adnate to base of petiole, persistent; petioles 3 6 mm long, tomentose, terete, eglandular; lamina ovate-elliptic to oblong, coriaceous, cm, cuspidate to acuminate at apex with acumen 3 18 mm long, rounded to subcordate at base, glabrous and shining above, with lower surface deeply reticulate-venose and densely lanate; midrib impressed for most of length above, becoming prominulous near base, tomentose; primary veins 9 12 pairs, prominent beneath, plane or nearly so above. Inflorescences terminal and axillary racemose panicles, densely browntomentose. Flowers mm long, sessile and crowded on primary branches of inflorescence. Bracts and bracteoles mm long, oblong-lanceolate, persistent entire, eglandular, tomentose on exterior. Receptacle broadly campanulate, sessile, tomentose on exterior, tomentellous within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentose on exterior, puberulous within. Petals absent. Stamens 8 11, inserted in an arc of c. 270 ; filaments shorter than calyx lobes, connate at base. Ovary villous. Style equalling filaments, lanate throughout. Fruit globose but surface more or less longitudinally much-ridged, to 2.5 cm in diameter; epicarp ferrugineous-velutinous; pericarp thick, hard, glabrous within.

3 CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Licania) Amazonian Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and Brazil. 82: VEN. 83: CLM, PER. 84: BZN (AM, RR). River banks and river islands and in riverine forest on sandy soil. Map VENEZUELA: Amazonas, Dept. Casiquiare, Caño San Miguel, G.Aymard 9304 (K, PORT); Apure, Distr. Pedro Camejo, S tip of Galeras de Cinaruco, G.Davidse & A.González (MO, NY). 83. COLOMBIA: Meta, 9 km S of San Pedro de Arimena, F. di Giovanni 90 (COL); Caquetá, Río Caquetá, Caño Paujil, 9 km NE of Araracuara, M.Sanchez S (K); Vaupés, Río Kubiyu above confluence with Río Vaupés, D.D.Soejarto & T.Lockwood 2388 (HUA). PERU: Loreto, Iquitos, J.Revilla 3628 (K, MO). 84. BRAZIL NORTH: Amazonas, Rio Cuieiras, D.G.Campbell et al. P21834 (INPA, NY); Roraima, Rio Xeriuini, J.M.Pires et al (IAN, INPA, MO) Licania velutina Prance, Kew Bull. 47: 638 (1992) T: Ecuador: Pastaza, Pastaza Cantón, 20 km S of Curaray, V.Zak & S.Espinoza 5052; holo K; iso MO, QCNE. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Kew Bull. 47: 639 (1992). Map: G.T.Prance, Kew Bull. 47: 645 (1992). Tree 20 m tall. Branches ferrugineous-velutinous-pubescent when young. Leaves with stipules axillary, 6 9 mm long with margins fimbriate, densely tomentose; petioles 7 9 mm long, terete, eglandular, densely tomentose; lamina oblong to oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, cm, with acumen 6 14 mm long, subcuneate at base, glabrous above, ferrugineousvelutinous-tomentose and with deeply reticulate venation beneath; margins ciliate; midrib slightly impressed and glabrous above; prominent and tomentose beneath; primary veins 9 12 pairs, plane above, prominent beneath. Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches densely ferrugineous-tomentose. Bracts and bracteoles triangular, tomentose. Flower buds only seen. Receptacle campanulate, ferrugineous-tomentose on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes 5, tomentose. Petals absent. Stamens 5, included, inserted around circle. Ovary pilose. Style hirsute on lower 1 /2. Fruit not seen. Ecuador; known only by 2 collections from a single locality. 83: ECU. Tropical moist forest. Map ECUADOR: Pastaza, Pastaza Cantón, 20 km S of Curaray, V.Zak & S.Espinoza 5053 (K, MO, QCNE) Licania blackii Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9:167 (1972) T: Brazil North: Tocantins [Goiás], Araguaína, G.T.Prance & N.T. da Silva 58989; holo: NY; iso: RB, UB. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 166 (1972). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 135 (1989). Shrub or tree. Branches tomentellous when young, glabrescent, lenticellate. Leaves with stipules linear, to 3 mm long, puberulous, subpersistent, adnate to base of petiole; petioles 7 12 mm long, velutinous-tomentellous, terete, eglandular; lamina oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, cm, acute to acuminate at apex with acumen 1 20 mm long, rounded to subcuneate at base, glabrous, shiny above, deeply reticulate and lanate-arachnoid pubescent beneath; midrib plane or slightly impressed above, glabrous; primary veins 5 7 pairs, prominent beneath, plane above. Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles mm long, triangular, persistent, pubescent. Flowers c. 2 mm long. Receptacle campanulate, sessile, tomentose on exterior and within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens c. 6, unilateral; filaments glabrous, free to base, shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary villous. Style pubescent to apex. Fruit pyriform; exocarp ferrugineous-velutinoustomentose; pericarp hard, thin, fibrous, tomentose within. Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil in eastern Amazonia, and S to the borders of the planalto central. 83: BOL, PER. 84: BZC (GO, MT), BZE (MA), BZN (AC, AM, AP, PA, RO, RR, TO). Gallery forest and secondary forest in open places. Map BOLIVIA: Dept. Santa Cruz, Velasco, P. N. Noel Kempff Mercado, Quevedo et al (K, MO). PERU: Loreto, Prov. Requena, Río Ucayali, Arboreto Jenaro Herrera, M.Diaz 87A (NY). 84. BRAZIL NORTH: Acre, Mun. de Sena Madureira, Nova Olinda, Rio Iaco, D.C.Daly et al (K, NY); Amapá, Mun. de Oiapoque, 109 km SSE of Oiapoque on road to Calçoene, S.A.Mori et al (MG, NY); Amazonas, 90 km 169

4 SPECIES PLANTARUM FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) NNE of Manaus, A.A.Oliveira et al. 153 (K, NY, SPF); Rondônia, 8 km NE of Porto Velho, G.T.Prance et al (INPA, NY); Roraima, Ilha de Maracá, J.A.Ratter et al (K); Tocantins, W of Filadélfia, G.T.Prance & N.T.Silva (NY, P, SP, UB). BRAZIL NORTH-EAST: Maranhão, Fazenda Bacaba, Dr. Haroldo, 5 km S of road MA-119 from entrance 3 km NW of Lago do Junco, D.C.Daly et al. 509 (MG, NY). BRAZIL WEST-CENTRAL: Mato Grosso, Fazenda Cachimbo, M.R.Cordeiro 1156 (NY) Licania rodriguesii Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 168 (1972) T: Brazil North: Pará, Breves, Rio Jaburuzinho, A.Ducke RB 18812; holo: K; iso: RB. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 169 (1972). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 183 (1989). Tree, large. Branches puberulous when young, glabrescent, lenticellate. Leaves with stipules linear, glabrous, subpersistent, extrapetiolar; petioles 6 12 mm long, glabrescent, eglandular, terete or slightly canaliculate; lamina elliptic to oblong, coriaceous, cm, with acumen 8 15 mm long, subcuneate at base, glabrous above, densely lanate-pubescent beneath; venation smooth; midrib glabrous above, slightly prominent; primary veins 6 or 7 pairs, prominent beneath, plane and arcuate above. Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches tomentellous or puberulous. Bracts and bracteoles mm long, ovate, persistent, puberulous on exterior. Flowers mm long. Receptacle campanulate, sessile, tomentellous on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5, unilateral; filaments glabrous, free to base, shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary tomentose. Style pubescent to apex. Fruit with rufous-velutinous exocarp; pericarp thin, hard, fibrous, hirsutulous within. French Guiana and Brazilian Amazonia. 82: FRG. 84: BZN (AM, PA). Non-flooded forest. Flowering June Sept. Map FRENCH GUIANA: Station des Nouragues, D.Sabatier & M.F.Prévost 2571 (CAY, K). 84. BRAZIL NORTH: Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, P.A.C.L.Assunção 518 (INPA, K); Amazonas, Distrito Agropecuário, Reserva 1501, S.A.Mori (INPA, NY); Pará, Rio Trombetas, Cachoeira Porteira, N.T.Silva & M.R.Santos 4755 (MG, NY); Pará, Breves, J.M.Pires et al (IAN, NY) Licania cidii Prance, Kew Bull. 47: 247 (1992) T: Brazil North: Amazonas, Mun. de Jutaí, São Francisco, C.A.Cid Ferreira et al. 8352; holo: INPA; iso: K, NY. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Kew Bull. 47: 248 (1992). Tree to 30 m tall. Branches glabrous when young, conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves with stipules adnate to base of petiole, subpersistent, lanceolate, 2 3 mm long, glabrous; petioles 8 15 mm long, terete, eglandular, glabrous; lamina elliptic, chartaceous, cm, subcuneate at base, with pointed slightly curved acumen 9 20 mm long, glabrous on upper surface, densely tomentose beneath (pubescence between the reticulate venation, and hard to remove); midrib prominulous above, prominent and glabrous beneath; primary veins 5 7 pairs, plane above, prominent and glabrous beneath. Inflorescences of terminal and axillary panicles 7 17 cm long; rachis and primary branches glabrous or sparsely puberulous and secondary branches sparsely tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous. Flowers mm long, sessile on secondary branches of inflorescence. Receptacle campanulate, grey velutinous-tomentellous on exterior, pubescent within. Calyx lobes 5, acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 6 or 7, inserted around 2 /3 of circle; filaments shorter than calyx lobes, glabrous, free to base, with a pilose ring of hairs at their base. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, tomentose. Style extending to level of anthers, tomentellous almost to apex. Fruit not seen. Peru and Western Amazonian Brazil in the Rio Solimões region. 83: PER. 84: BZN (AM). Forest on terra firme. Map PERU: Loreto, Prov. Requena, Río Ucayali, Arboreto Jenaro Herrera, L.Bernardi (G, NY). 84. BRAZIL NORTH: Amazonas, Mun. de Jutaí, road to Breu, C.A.Cid Ferreira 8324 (INPA, K, NY, US); Amazonas, Mun. de Fonte Boa, Paraná do Mamupina, C.A.Cid Ferreira et al (INPA, K, NY, US); Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, W.A.Rodrigues & Osmarino 6944 (INPA, NY). 170

5 CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Licania) 211. Licania indurata Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 542 (1923) T: Brazil Southeast: São Paulo, E.Schwebel 81; holo: B, destroyed; lecto: R, fide G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 170 (1972); iso: SP567, SPF; photos: F, GH, US. Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 156 (1989). Tree, small. Branches sparsely puberulous when young, soon becoming glabrous and lenticellate. Leaves with stipules minute, caducous, axillary; petioles 5 8 mm long, pubescent, shallowly canaliculate, eglandular; lamina ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, thick-coriaceous, cm, bluntly acuminate at apex with acumen 11 mm long, cuneate at base, glabrous above, densely lanate beneath; midrib slightly impressed above, glabrous; primary veins 5 7 pairs, prominent beneath, plane above. Inflorescences terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches ferrugineous-tomentellous. Flowers c. 2.5 mm long, solitary or in pairs on primary branches of inflorescence. Bracts and bracteoles to 1 mm long, triangular, persistent, puberulous on exterior. Receptacle campanulate-globose, sessile, tomentellous on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5, unilateral; filaments shorter than calyx lobes, glabrous. Ovary villous. Style equalling filaments, puberulous. Fruit unknown. SE Brazil. 84: BZL (RJ, SP). Map BRAZIL SOUTHEAST: Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, O.C.Góes & Octavio 152 (RB) Licania hoehnei Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 541 (1923) T: Brazil Southeast: São Paulo, Butantan, F.C.Hoehne 1494; syn: B, destroyed; lecto: SP, fide G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 171 (1972); iso: A, US. Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 154 (1989). Tree or shrub. Branches puberulous when young, soon becoming glabrous and conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves with stipules 1 3 mm long, lanceolate, persistent, tomentellous; petioles 4 7 mm long, tomentose when young, soon becoming glabrous, terete, eglandular; lamina oblong, coriaceous, cm, rounded to acuminate at apex but usually acute, subcuneate at base, glabrous above, persistently densely grey-lanate below; reticulations conspicuous but shallow; midrib plane or slightly impressed above, glabrous; primary veins 7 9 pairs, prominent beneath, conspicuous above. Inflorescences dense terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches tomentellous. Flowers c. 2 mm long, solitary or in small groups densely crowded on primary branches of inflorescence. Bracts and bracteoles mm long, triangular, persistent, puberulous on exterior. Receptacle campanulate, sessile, tomentellous on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes acute, puberulous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5 7, unilateral; filaments shorter than calyx lobes, glabrous. Ovary tomentose. Style equalling filaments, pubescent throughout. Fruit globose to pyriform; epicarp densely rufous-pubescent; pericarp rather thick, hard, fibrous, lanate-hirsutulous within. Bolivia and EC Brazil. 83: BOL. 84: BZC (MT), BZE (BA), BZL (ES, MG, RJ, SP). Forests. Map BOLIVIA: Dept. Santa Cruz, Prov. Velasco, Estancia Flor de Oro, M.Nee (K, NY). 84. BRAZIL NORTHEAST: Bahia, Mun. de Una, Res. Biol. do Mico-Leão, km 46 Ilhéus-Una, A.M.Amorim et al (CEPEC, K, NY). BRAZIL SOUTHEAST: Espírito Santo, Collatina, J.G.Kuhlmann 364 (RB); Minas Gerais, Mun. de Santana do Riacho, km 116 Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, I.Cordeiro & J.R.Pirani 6544 (NY, SPF); São Paulo, Iguape, Est. Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, Serra da Juréia, E.A.Anunciação et al. 577 (K, SP). BRAZIL WEST-CENTRAL: Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães above Véu de Noiva, G.T.Prance et al (INPA, NY, P) Licania harlingii Prance, Fl. Ecuador 10: 9 (1979) T: Ecuador: Napo, c. 6 km S of Puerto Napo, H.Lugo S. 1054; holo: GB; iso: NY. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Fl. Ecuador 10: 11 (1979). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 150 (1989). Tree to 26 m tall. Branches puberulous when young, soon becoming glabrous and lenticellate with age. Leaves with stipules small, c. 1 mm long, axillary, caducous; petioles 5 6 mm 171

6 SPECIES PLANTARUM FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) Figure 33. Licania harlingii. A, habit; B, flower; C, flower section; D, leaf lower surface (A D, H.Lugo S. 1039). Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D = 5 mm. Drawn by William Moye III. Previously published in G.T.Prance, Fl. Ecuador 10: 11 (1979). 172

7 CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Licania) long, tomentellous, terete; lamina ovate-elliptic, chartaceous, cm, subcuneate at base, with acumen 8 12 mm long, glabrous above, densely lanate-pubescent below with puberulous conspicuous venation; midrib slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; primary veins 8 11 pairs, plane above, impressed beneath. Inflorescences of terminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches yellow-brown, puberulous. Bracts and bracteoles small, triangularhastate, persistent, tomentellous on exterior. Flowers c. 1.5 mm long, borne singly along primary branches of inflorescence. Receptacle globose, sessile, brown-tomentellous on exterior, lanate within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5 or 6, slightly unilateral; filaments free, shorter than calyx lobes, glabrous. Ovary tomentellous. Style equalling filaments, glabrous or with a few hairs only. Fruit not seen. Fig. 33. Western Amazonia. 83: BOL, CLM, ECU, PER. 84: BZN (AC). Terra firme forest. Map BOLIVIA: Dept. Santa Cruz, Velasco Prov., La Meseta, N.Ritter et al (MO, USZ). COLOMBIA: Vaupés, Est. Biológica Caparú, S.Defler 83 (MO). ECUADOR: Morona Santiago, 33.7 km SW of Taisha, A.Ortega U. 110 (US); Napo, Aguarico, Res. Etnica Huaorani, A.Dik 1493 (K, MO, QCNE); Sucumbios, Lago Agrio Cantón, Res. Faunística Cuyabeno, W.Palacios et al (K, MO, QCNE). PERU: Madre de Dios, Tambopata, A.Gentry et al (MO, NY); Loreto, Maynas Prov., Dept. Las Amazonas, Explornapo Camp, J.J.Pipoly et al (K, MO); Huánuco, Prov. Pachitea, 24 km SE of Puerto Inca, Sira Mountains, B.Wallnöfer (K, W); Puno, Río Candamo, mouth of Río Guacamayo, A.Gentry et al (MO). 84. BRAZIL NORTH: Acre, Tarauacá, Rio Muru, Seringal Vitória Velha, M.Silveira et al. 935 (K, NY) Licania ferreirae Prance, Kew Bull. 54: 104 (1999) T: Brazil North: Amazonas, Município de Alavarães, road Alvarães-Vila Nogueira, C.A.Cid Ferreira 8442; holo: INPA; iso: CAS, NY. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Kew Bull. 54: 107 (1999). Map: G.T.Prance, loc. cit.: 106. Tree 30 m tall. Branches puberulous when young, glabrescent, conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves with stipules caducous (not seen); petioles 7 10 mm long, terete, puberulous when young, eglandular; lamina elliptic, coriaceous, cm, abruptly acuminate at apex with acumen 4 6 mm long, rounded at base, glabrous above, with compact tomentellous pubescence beneath between venation; young leaves with 2 large and conspicuous saucerlike glands at junction between lamina and petiole, caducous and not visible in mature leaves and with 2 or 3 marginal glands towards apex which persist in some mature leaves only; midrib plane above, prominent beneath; primary veins pairs, plane above, prominulous beneath. Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal little-branched racemose panicles, 5 7 cm long; rachis and branches brown-tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles ovate to lanceolate, mm, tomentellous on exterior, caducous. Flowers c. 2 mm long, borne singly on primary branches and rachis of inflorescence. Receptacle campanulate, tomentellous on exterior, tomentellous within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5, unilateral; filaments free, glabrous, shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, tomentose. Style equalling filaments in length, pubescent to apex. Fruit not seen. NW Brazil; known only from the type collection. 84: BZN (AM). Terra firme forest. Map Licania cruegeriana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 352 (1908) T: Trinidad-Tobago: Trinidad, Las Cuevas, H.Crueger 205 (2065 some sets); holo: GOET; iso: K, NY, TRIN. Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 141 (1989). Tree. Branches puberulous when young, becoming glabrous and lenticellate with age. Leaves with stipules linear, to 3 mm long, subpersistent, puberulous, axillary; petioles 4 6 mm long, tomentellous even when mature, eglandular, terete; lamina oblong to elliptic, coriaceous, cm, bluntly acuminate or acute at apex with acumen 2 8 mm long, cuneate to rounded at base, glabrous above, persistently densely brown-lanate below; reticulations shallow; midrib plane above, glabrous when mature; primary veins 7 9 pairs, prominent beneath, plane above. Inflorescences dense terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches tomentose. Flowers c. 2 mm long, solitary or in small groups densely clustered on primary branches of inflorescence. Bracts and bracteoles to 1.5 mm long, triangular, sub- 173

8 SPECIES PLANTARUM FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) persistent, puberulous on exterior. Receptacle campanulate, sessile, tomentose on exterior and within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5 7, unilateral; filaments shorter than calyx lobes, glabrous. Ovary tomentose. Style equalling filaments, pubescent throughout. Fruit cylindrical when young, becoming pyriform at maturity; epicarp brown-tomentellous; pericarp thin, fibrous, hard, lanate-hirsutulous within. Panama, N coastal Venezuela and Trinidad-Tobago. 80: PAN. 81: TRT. 82: VEN. Forests and coastal locations. Flowering Sept. Jan. Map PANAMA: San Blas, Cangandi, G. de Nevers & H.Herrera 7112 (MO, NY); Prov. Colón, J.A.Duke (MO, NY). 81. TRINIDAD-TOBAGO: Tobago, The Widow, W.E.Broadway 4409 (BM, F, NY, P); Tobago, Lot 42, W.E.Broadway 4462 (C, US). 82. VENEZUELA: Bolívar, Dept. Sifantes, 7 km NW of Clarita, G.Aymard et al (NY, PORT); Bolívar, Distr. Cedeño, near Panare village of Corozal, B.Boom & M.Grillo 6359 (MYF, NY); Aragua, Rancho Grande, G.T.Prance (NY); Aragua, Rancho Grande, Guacamaya trail, C.W.Wood 292 (NY); Yaracuy, km N of Salom, Distr. Nirgua, J.A.Steyermark & Espinosa (NY, VEN) Licania belemii Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 172 (1972) T: Brazil Northeast: Bahia, Belmonte, R.P.Belém & Pinheiro 3211; holo: UB; iso: NY, RB. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 173 (1972). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 134 (1989). Tree to 20 m tall. Branches glabrous when young. Leaves with stipules caducous (not seen); petioles mm long, puberulous when young soon becoming glabrous; lamina oblong-ovate, coriaceous, cm, with acumen 3 7 mm long, subcuneate at base, glabrous above, lanate-tomentose beneath; venation reticulate; midrib plane and glabrous above; primary veins 6 8 pairs, prominent beneath, plane above. Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal racemose panicles; rachis and branches sparsely tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles mm long, persistent, tomentellous. Flowers mm long. Receptacle campanulate, sessile, velutinous-tomentellous on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5 or 6, unilateral; filaments glabrous, free to base, shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary tomentose. Style pubescent to apex. Fruit not seen. E Brazil. 84: BZE (BA), BZL (ES). Common in forests. Map BRAZIL NORTHEAST: Bahia, Una, Fazenda São Rafael, T.S.Santos 320 (NY); Camacã, T.S.Santos 1444 (NY); Bahia, Mun. de Uruçuca, between Uruçuca and Serra Grande, S.A.Mori et al (CEPEC, NY); Bahia, road BR-101 between São José and BA-265, S.A.Mori & Thompson (CEPEC, NY). BRAZIL SOUTHEAST: Espírito Santo, Rio Doce, Lagoa de Durão, J.G.Kuhlmann 208 (RB35360); Espírito Santo, Linhares, Reserva Florestal CVRD, D.A.Folli 81 (INPA) Licania tepuiensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 174 (1972) T: Venezuela: Bolívar, Ilu-Tepui, Gran Sabana, B.Maguire 33389; holo: NY. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 169 (1972). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 188 (1989). Tree, small. Branches tomentellous when young, glabrescent. Leaves with stipules caducous (not seen); petioles 2 3 mm long, tomentellous, terete, with 2 inconspicuous glands beneath; lamina orbicular, thickly coriaceous, cm, rounded or retuse at apex, cordate at base, glabrous above, with deep stomatal cavities filled by lanate pubescence beneath; midrib glabrous and slightly impressed above; primary veins 7 9 pairs, slightly prominent beneath, plane above. Flowers unknown. Fruit ovoid, c cm; exocarp smooth, glabrous; pericarp thick, hard, c. 6 mm thick, fibrous, sparsely pubescent within. Venezuela; known only from the type collection. 82: VEN. Low open woodland at edge of mesa, 4500 ft [c m] elevation. Map Licania obtusifolia Fritsch, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 4: 53 (1889) T: French Guiana: Hort. Bot. Paris s.n.; T: Not traced. [PCU missing, n.v.] Moquilea parviflora Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 92 (1856)[ 1852 ]; Licania parviflora (Blume) Lemée, Fl. Guyane Franç. 2: 23 (1952), nom. illeg., non L. parviflora Benth. (1840). T: not cited. 174

9 CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Licania) Tree. Branches glabrous when young, lenticellate. Leaves with stipules intrapetiolar; petioles shallowly canaliculate; lamina oval to obovate, coriaceous, acute at base, with young leaves arachnoid-lanate, becoming prominently reticulate with age; upper surface of midrib impressed. Inflorescences paniculate; rachis and branches velutinous. Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate to ovate, persistent, pubescent on exterior. Receptacle campanulate, tomentose on exterior, hirsutulous within. Calyx lobes acute. Petals 5, ciliate. Stamens c. 20, inserted in a complete circle, slightly connate at base; filaments equalling calyx lobes. Ovary inserted to the side of receptacle, sparsely pilose. Style villous at base. Fruit unknown. French Guiana. 82: FRG. Habitat unknown. Map not given. This species was described from very poor material, but no new material matches it. 4. AFROLICANIA Afrolicania Mildbr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem, 7: 483 (1921) Type: Afrolicania elaeosperma Mildbr. Trees, small to medium-sized, with polygamous andro-dioeceous flowers ±2 mm long. Leaves usually glabrous on both surfaces when mature, tomentose on lower surface when young, usually with 2 glands on petiole. Bracts small, membranous. Inflorescences of manyflowered terminal and subterminal panicles of cymules. Receptacle small, flattened, turbinate with interior pubescent and exterior with short grey tomentum; calyx-lobes 5, acute. Petals absent. Stamens 20, forming a complete circle; filaments glabrous, very short, included. Ovary inserted near the base of the receptacle, absent in male flowers but represented by a slight swelling; carpel unilocular; ovules 2. Stigma shortly 3-lobed. Fruit a medium-sized dry drupe; epicarp warted; mesocarp thin soft; endocarp hard, thin, with granular exterior, not easily detached from mesocarp, interior hairy; lacking special mechanism for seedling escape. Germination hypogeal; first leaves alternate, with lower surface sparsely tomentose. One species widespread in W and WC Africa from Sierra Leone to Gabon. Afrolicania elaeosperma Mildbr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 483 (1921) Licania elaeosperma (Mildbr.) Prance & F.White, Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg., 46(3 4): 280 (1976). T: Cameroon: Bipinde, Lokundje R., G.Zenker 1629; lecto: B, fide G.T.Prance & F.White, Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg., 46(3 4): 280 (1976); isolecto: BR, K, M, P, WAG. Illustration: R.Letouzey & F.White, Fl. Cameroun (Fl. Gabon) 24: 69 (1978); G.T.Prance & F.White, Philos. Trans. B 320: 90, 94 (1988). Map: F.White, Distrib. Pl. African. 10: 293 (1976). Tree to 15 m tall. Branches glabrous when young. Leaves with stipules linear and 3 6 mm long, axillary, subpersistent, and with minutely serrate margins; petioles 5 10 mm long, canaliculate, arachnoid pubescent when young, with 2 glands; lamina elliptic, coriaceous, cm, with acumen 8 15 mm long, cuneate at base, glabrous on both surfaces when mature; midrib prominulous and glabrous above; primary veins 7 10 pairs, arcuate and anastomosing 2 3 mm from margin, prominulous above, prominent beneath. Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal panicles of cymules on short secondary branches bearing groups of 2 or 3 flowers; rachis and branches sparsely grey-pubescent. Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, small, persistent, grey-pubescent. Flowers androdioecious, c. 2 cm long. Receptacle flattenedturbinate, tomentellous on exterior; pedicels 1 2 mm long. Calyx lobes triangular, grey pubescent. Petals absent. Stamens c. 20, inserted around complete circle; filaments shorter than calyx lobes, free to base, glabrous. Style pubescent at base. Male flowers without ovary or with reduced sterile pistillode. Fruit ovoid, cm, borne on short peduncle to 5 mm long; exocarp glabrous and lenticellate; pericarp c. 3 mm thick. 2n = 22, fide S.Mangenot & G.Mangenot, Enquête sur les nombres chromosomiques dans une collection d espèces tropicales, Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 25: (1962). Fig. 34. Scattered distribution from Sierra Leone to Gabon. 22: BEN, GHA, GUI, IVO, LBR, NGA, SIE, TOG. 23: CAF, CMN, CON, EQG, GAB. Coastal forest and fringing forest inside the Guineo-Congolian rainforest region. Map

10 SPECIES PLANTARUM FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) Figure 34. Afrolicania elaeosperma. A, habit (F.C.Deighton 1508); B, stipules (R.A.A.Oldeman 855); C, inflorescence (F.C.Deighton 1508); D, 1 /2 hermaphrodite flower; E, fruit (R.Letouzey 11505). Scale bars: A, E = 2 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm. Drawn by Margaret Tebbs (A C & E) and Janet Dyer (D). Previously published in G.T.Prance & F.White, Philos. Trans. B 320: 90, 94 (1988). 176

11 CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Afrolicania) 22. GHANA: Half Assinie, beach hinterland, F.J.Chipp 299 (K). GUINEA: Macenta, R. Diam, Bac de N Zerekore, J.G.Adam 7306 (P). IVORY COAST: Port Bonet, A.Aubréville 1494 (P). LIBERIA: Buchanan, J.G.Adam (K). NIGERIA: Eket, P.A.Talbot 3098 (BM, K, Z). SIERRA LEONE: Walai near Yoni, Bontle Is., F.C.Deighton 2465A (K). 23. CAMEROON: Douala, R.Letouzey 601 (P). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: 30 km E of Bayanga, Bai Hoku Camp, towards Moungoumba, D.Harris 2406 (K, MO). CONGO: Ouesso, CTFTC RC850 (P). GABON: Mondah R., near Libreville, R.P.Klaine 2634 (BM, BR, K, P). The oil from the seed was formerly used in paints and varnishes as a substitute for tung oil. The oil is also used by women in West Africa as a hair pomade. In G.T.Prance & F.White (1988) we included this genus within Licania to which it is clearly closely related. However, a recent cladistic analysis based on both morphological and molecular data separated it from Licania (D.Dissanayake, 1999). It is here re-established as a separate genus to keep Licania monophyletic. 5. PARASTEMON Parastemon A.DC., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 208 (1842). The genus name refers to the laterally inserted stamens of the type species. Type: Parastemon urophyllus (Wall. ex A.DC.) A.DC. Diemenia Korth., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 3: 388 (1854). T: Diemenia racemosa Korth. Trees or shrubs. Leaves with stipules minute, triangular, caducous; petiole eglandular; lamina with 2 small discoid glands at base; lower surface glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, axillary or rarely terminal, simple or sparsely branched. Bracts and bracteoles small, eglandular. Flowers actinomorphic. Receptacle-tube patelliform or shallowly cupuliform, shortly hairy inside. Sepals 5, subequal, acute. Petals 5, more or less equalling sepals. Stamens 5 and all fertile, or 2 fertile with 3 staminodes; filaments glabrous, much shorter than the sepals. Ovary 1-carpellary, 1-locular, centrally inserted; style filiform, puberulous towards the base, with 3 large undivided lobes at apex, or with 1 obscure lobe and 2 large deeply divided lobes. Drupe 1.5 cm long; epicarp smooth; endocarp thin, hard, bony, smooth outside, glabrous inside, with 2 large lateral plates which break away on germination and allow the seedlings to escape. Germination cryptocotylar; cotyledons fleshy; cataphylls absent; first 2 eophylls opposite, with 1 or 2 stipules; the next 4 or 5 leaves spiral and bistipulate; stem then becomes curved and shows a plagiotropic tendency with alternate distichous leaves; new shoots arising from the straight basal part repeat the plagiotropic process; development of a bole is long retarded. Three species extending from the Nicobar Islands and Malay Peninsula to New Guinea. J.D.Hooker, in G.Bentham & J.D.Hooker, Gen. Pl. 1: 607 (1865); W.O.Focke, in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 60 (1894); E.D.Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 10: 307 (1915); E.D.Merrill & L.M.Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 197 (1940); J.Hutchinson, Gen. Fl. Pl. 1: 193 (1964); G.T.Prance & F.White, The genera of Chrysobalanaceae, Philos. Trans. B 320: (1988); G.T.Prance, Fl. Males., Ser. 1, 10(4): (1989). 1 Fruit cm long; primary veins of leaves 5 or 6 pairs 3. P. grandifructus 1: Fruit cm long; primary veins of leaves 8 11 pairs 2 Receptacle shallowly cup-shaped, glabrous on exterior; fertile stamens 2; style 3-lobed at apex; inflorescence glabrous 1. P. urophyllus 2: Receptacle saucer-shaped, puberulous on exterior; fertile stamens 5; style with 1 obscure and 2 large bifid apical lobes; inflorescence villous 2. P. versteeghii 1. Parastemon urophyllus (Wall. ex A.DC.) A.DC., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 208 (1842) Embelia urophylla Wall. ex A.DC., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 131 (1837). Malaysia, N.Wallich 2309; holo: BM. T: Malaya: Peninsular 177

12 SPECIES PLANTARUM FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) Embelia urophylla Wall., Numer. List no (1830), nom. nud. Diemenia racemosa Korth., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 3: 388 (1854); Licania diemenia Blume, Mélanges Bot. 2: 10 (1855), nom. superfl. illeg.; Trichocarya racemosa (Korth.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 358 (1855). T: Sumatera, P.W.Korthals s.n.; holo: L. Parastemon spicatus Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 75: 29 (1917). T: Borneo: Sarawak, Kuching, G.D.Haviland 723; holo: K; iso: SAR. Illustrations: G.T.Prance & F.White, Philos. Trans. B 320: 97 (1988); G.T.Prance, Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 10(4): 648 (1989). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Males., Ser. 1, 10(4): 650 (1989). Tree to 40 m tall, or shrub. Trunk often buttressed. Branches glabrous when young. Leaves with stipules triangular, c. 1 mm long, caducous; petioles 4 5 mm long, canaliculate, glabrous; lamina thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong, cm, cuspidate acuminate at apex with tip 5 15 mm long, cuneate at base; midrib plane above, prominulous beneath; primary veins 8 11 pairs. Inflorescence of axillary and rarely terminal racemes or occasionally slightly branched, 4 14 cm long; rachis glabrous. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, c. 1.5 mm long. Receptacle broadly cupuliform to flattened saucer-shaped, glabrous on exterior, tomentose within; pedicels up to 2 mm long. Calyx lobes acute, glabrous on exterior. Petals 5. Stamens 2 fertile with 3 sterile staminodes opposite. Ovary pilose on exterior. Style pilose at base, glabrous above; stigma trifid. Fruit ellipsoid, cm long; epicarp smooth, glabrous; mesocarp thin, hard; endocarp thin, hard, bony, glabrous within. Fig. 35. Widely distributed species from the Nicobar Islands and Thailand through the Malay Peninsula to Borneo and Sumatera. 41: THA. 42: BOR, MLY, SUM. 43: NCB. Lowland and coastal forest; commonest in swamp and secondary forest. Map NICOBAR IS.: Without detailed locality, Clarke (K). THAILAND: Tako, Langsuan, A.F.G.Kerr 1762 (BM). 42. BORNEO: Brunei, Tutong, Sungei Medit, D.A.Simpson 2582 (K); Sabah, Jesselton Distr., Mandahan, Kimanis F. R., W.Meijer SAN36251 (K, SAN); Sarawak, Binatang Distr., Sg. Nangar, Matu Daro P. F., J.A.R.Anderson (K, L, NB, S); Kalimantan, Loa Djanan, W of Saraminda, A.J.G.H.Kostermans 9975 (BO, K, L); E Kalimantan, Nunukan Is., A.J.G.H.Kostermans 8992 (BM, K, L, NY, P). MALAYA: Peninsular Malaysia, King s Collector (A, BM, L, P, US, Z); Singapore, J.Sinclair SF39504 (K, L, M, NY). SUMATERA: Langga Pajoeng, Kota Pinang, R.S.Toroes 3319 (A, K, L, NY, US). 2. Parastemon versteeghii Merr. & L.M.Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 197 (1940) T: New Guinea: West Irian, Idenburg R., L.J.Brass & C.Versteegh 13544; holo: A; iso: BM, L. Illustration: G.T.Prance & F.White, Philos. Trans. B 320: 97 (1988). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 10(4): 650 (1989). Tree up to 40 m tall. Branches sparsely puberulous when young, soon glabrous. Leaves with stipules triangular, c. 1 mm long, caducous; petioles 3 7 mm long, terete, glabrescent; lamina thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong, cm, cuspidate acuminate at apex with tip 7 15 mm long, cuneate at base; midrib plane above, prominulous beneath; primary veins 8 12 pairs, inconspicuous, slightly prominulous beneath. Inflorescence of axillary and terminal racemes, 2 9 cm long; rachis sparsely villous. Flowers hermaphrodite, c. 1.5 mm long; pedicels mm long, sparsely villous. Receptacle broadly cupuliform-flattened, sparsely villous on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes acute, with hirsute margins. Petals 5, with hirsute margins. Stamens 5, all fertile, opposite the petals in a complete circle. Ovary glabrous on exterior except at base. Style pilose at base, glabrous above; stigma with 2 large apical lobes with the third reduced or missing. Fruit ellipsoid, c. 1.6 cm long; epicarp smooth, glabrous; mesocarp thin, hard; endocarp thin, hard, bony, glabrous within. Eastern Indonesia from the Moluccas through West Irian to Papua and the Admiralty Islands. 42: BIS, MOL, SUL. 43: NWG. Mostly in drier forest than P. urophyllus. Map MALUKU: Sangi & Talaud Is., Morotai, H.J.Lam 3529 (A, K, L). 43. BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO: Admiralty Is., K.Mair 533 (L). NEW GUINEA: Irian Jaya, vicinity of Hollandia, Forest Serv. bb25062 (A, K, L, NY); Irian Jaya, Babo, Forest Serv. bb (K, NY); Irian Jaya, Sorong, D.R.Pleyte 744 (A, K, L, P); Papua New Guinea: Buso, Lae Sub-Distr., H.Streiman NGF45157 (K); Papua New Guinea, Paiawa Valley, Morobe Sub-Distr., R.J.Johns NGF47316 (K, L). 178

13 CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Parestemon) Figure 35. Parastemon urophyllus. A, habit; B, flower; C, 1 /2 flower; D, petal; E, infructescence (A E, P.Chai S17282); F, fruit, 3 (W.Meijer SAN38933). Scale bars: A, E = 2 cm; B D = 1 mm; F = 5 mm. Drawn by Margaret Tebbs. 179

14 SPECIES PLANTARUM FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) 3. Parastemon grandifructus Prance, Brittonia 39: 366 (1987) T: Borneo: Sarawak, Ulu Medanit, Limbany, 5 th Division, E.Wright & O.Ismawi S ; holo: L. Illustration: G.T.Prance, Brittonia 39: 367 (1987). Map: G.T.Prance, Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 10(4): 650 (1989). Tree to 30 m tall. Branches glabrous when young; trunk lightly buttressed to 1 m. Leaves with stipules caducous (not seen); petioles 5 8 mm long, glabrous, slightly canaliculate, slightly swollen at base; lamina coriaceous, narrowly oblong, cm, with long cuspidate acumen at apex with tip mm long, cuneate at base, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib prominent above, prominulous or plane beneath; primary veins 5 or 6 pairs, prominulous above, plane beneath. Inflorescence of axillary and terminal racemes; rachis glabrous. Flowers seen only in fruiting specimens. Calyx lobes 5, acute, glabrous on exterior, glabrous within except for a few hairs around base. Receptacle glabrous on exterior in fruiting condition. Style persistent below fruit; stigma bifid or trifid. Fruit ellipsoid, cm, epicarp smooth, glabrous; mesocarp thin, 0.25 mm thick; endocarp thin, hard, bony, 0.25 mm thick, glabrous within. Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah). 42: BOR. Upland white sand areas. Map BORNEO: Sabah, Weston Dist., Hs. Sianggau, RA. AG. Amin SAN & SAN (K, L); Sarawak, Ulu Medamit, Limbang, 5 th Div., I.Paie S32320 (K, L, SAN); Sarawak, summit of Bungoh Range, Bau, I.Paie & J.D.Mamit S29032 (A, K, L); Sarawak, 3 rd Div. Kapit Distr., left bank of Rajang R., 10 km below Belaga, M.Jacobs 5415 (K, L, SAR). 6. BAFODEYA Bafodeya Prance ex F.White, Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 46: 271 (1976). The name comes from the Bafodeya Hills, the type locality. Type: Bafodeya benna (Scott-Elliot) Prance Trees, small. Leaves appearing eglandular on herbarium specimens; stipules small, deltate; lower surface of lamina with small stomatal crypts filled with densely matted hairs. Inflorescence a terminal cymose panicle. Bracts and bracteoles small, eglandular, not enclosing the flower buds. Flowers bisexual, markedly zygomorphic; flower-buds sigmoid. Receptacle-tube curved, obliquely campanulate, much swollen on 1 side, markedly oblique at throat, hairy inside throughout, with throat blocked by long retrorse hairs. Sepals 5, acute, unequal in size. Petals 5, about as long as sepals, caducous. Stamens c. 7; filaments white, more or less equalling sepals, slightly curved in bud and during anthesis, laterally expanded at the base; staminodes 4 10, claviform, fleshy, variable in length but some almost as long as filaments. Ovary monocarpellary, 2-locular, inserted laterally just below mouth of receptacletube; style arcuate, included. Drupe somewhat dry; epicarp sparsely verrucose; endocarp hard, smooth, without basal obturators. Comprising a single species from West Africa. F.White, Distrib. Pl. African. 10: 282 (1976); G.T.Prance & F.White, The genera of Chrysobalanaceae, Philos. Trans. B 320: (1988). Bafodeya benna (Scott-Elliot) Prance, Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 46: 271 (1976) Parinari benna Scott-Elliot, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 78 (1894), as Parinarium benna. T: Sierra Leone: Bafodeya Hills, 6 miles [c. 9.5 km] N of Kundita, G.F.Scott-Elliot 5480; holo: K; iso: BM, P. Illustration: G.T.Prance & F.White, Philos. Trans. B 320: 99 (1988). Map: F.White, Distrib. Pl. African. 10: 282 (1976). Shrub or small tree to 10 m tall. Branches tomentellous, glabrescent, lenticellate when young. Leaves with stipules 2 3 mm long, linear to deltate, caducous; petioles 3 5 mm long, terete, tomentose; lamina oblong to elliptic, coriaceous, cm, bluntly acute, rounded or retuse at apex, subcordate to cuneate at base, with sparse appressed hairs above when young, 180

15 CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Bafodeya) Figure 36. Bafodeya benna. A, habit; B, flower bud; C, 1 /2 flower; D, petal; E, fruit; F, section of exocarp; G, endocarp; H, fruit section (A B, F.C.Deighton 5445; C F, H, A.Chevalier 13068; G, R.A.Schnell 6807). Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B D = 5 mm; E H = 2 cm. Drawn by Rosemary Wise. Previously published in G.T.Prance & F.White, Philos. Trans. B 320: 99 (1988). 181

16 SPECIES PLANTARUM FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) with stomatal cavities filled by dense arachnoid pubescence beneath; midrib prominulous and tomentellous above, prominent beneath; primary veins 8 13 pairs, plane above, prominent beneath. Inflorescences terminal cymose panicles, often somewhat corymbose; rachis and branches densely light-brown tomentellous, to 8 cm long. Bracts and bracteoles 1 3 mm long, tomentellous on exterior, caducous. Receptacle curved and obliquely campanulate, tomentellous on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes finely pointed, unequal, tomentellous on exterior, puberulous within. Petals 5, white, glabrous, caducous. Stamens 7, with 4 10 staminodes opposite, included. Ovary pilose. Fruit ovoid, cm; epicarp glabrous, lenticellate; mesocarp c. 1 mm thick; endocarp hard, smooth, tomentose within. Fig. 36. Only known for certain from Fouta Djalon in Guinea, adjacent upland areas in Sierra Leone and in Mali. 22: GUI, MLI, SIE. Derived savanna on well-drained hill soil, and in arborescent savanna, at about m. Little is known of its ecology. Map GUINEA: Kindia, A.Chevalier (BR, K, P); Mamou, Fouta Djalon, M.Saïden s.n. (K); Mamou, J.M.Dalziel 8386 (K, P); Dalaba, R.A.A.Schnell 2237 (P); Dindea, near Timbo, C.H.O.Pobéguin 900 (P). MALI: no locality, Vuillet s.n. (P). SIERRA LEONE: Falaba-Musaia road, D.Small 330 (K); Bafodia on road from Musaia, J.K.Morton SL 4646 (FHO, K, WAG); Musaia, K.Miszewski 5 (K). The fruit is used as medicine by local people for the treatment of worms. 7. EXELLODENDRON Exellodendron Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 195 (1972). The genus is named after A.W.Exell ( ), student of African botany and formerly Deputy Keeper of the Herbarium of the British Museum. Type: Exellodendron coriaceum (Benth.) Prance Trees or shrubs. Leaves with a pair of small glands or ill-defined glandular areas on upper surface at junction of lamina and the eglandular petiole; stipules small, lateral, narrowly deltate, caducous; lower surface of lamina glabrous or with a dense arachnoid indumentum which is easily rubbed off. Inflorescence a simple or branched raceme of small congested cymes. Bracts and bracteoles eglandular, small, not enclosing the young flowers in small groups. Flowers bisexual, slightly zygomorphic. Receptacle-tube subcampanulate, slightly swollen on 1 side, hollow, hairy inside throughout. Sepals 5, deltate, acute. Petals 5, as long as sepals, subpersistent. Stamens c. 7; filaments more or less equalling sepals, slightly expanded at base; staminodes c. 7, minute, forming a denticulate rim to the faucal annulus. Ovary monocarpellary, 2-locular, inserted at mouth of receptacle-tube. Drupe fleshy; epicarp smooth; endocarp smooth, with a bony ridge on 1 side at base, without basal obturators, sparsely to densely hairy inside. A genus of five species, confined to tropical South America. Two sympatric species, E. coriaceum and E. barbatum, extend from Venezuela and the Guianas southwards into northern Brazil. The former occurs in open places such as savanna and savanna margins as well as open inundated forest, especially on river beaches, whereas the latter is a species of both flooded and non-flooded closed forest. Two shrubby species, E. cordatum and E. gardneri, occur sympatrically in the cerrados of the planalto of central Brazil. E. gracile is only known from the coastal riverine forest of Espírito Santo. G.T.Prance & F.White, The genera of Chrysobalanaceae, Philos. Trans. B 320: (1988). 1 Leaf base distinctly cordate to subcordate; lamina cm long 2. E. cordatum 1: Leaf base rounded to cuneate; lamina cm long 2 Leaf lower surface and receptacle persistently dense white-arachnoid; lamina ovate-elliptic; inflorescences densely clustered 1. E. coriaceum 2: Leaf lower surface glabrous or with a sparse easily removed indumentum; lamina oblong; inflorescences rather lax 3 Lamina cm long, with a distinct well developed acumen cm long 3. E. barbatum 182