Effect of seed treatment by ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) on fruit quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Pusa Dwarf

Transcription

1 Intrnational Journal of Applid Chmistry. ISSN Volum 13, Numbr 1 (2017) pp Rsarch India Publications Effct of sd tratmnt by thyl mthan sulphonat () on fruit quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Pusa Dwarf Mahsh Kumar, Muksh Kumar* and Vna Chaudhary 1 Dpartmnt of Horticultur, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patl Univ. of Agricul. and Tch., Mrut , India. 1 Dpartmnt of Chmistry, CSSS (PG) Collg, Machhra, Mrut, UP, India. * Corrsponding author Abstract Papaya sds of cv. Pusa Dwarf wr tratd with diffrnt doss (0.25 %, 0.50 %, 0.75 % and 1.00 %) of Ethyl Mthan Sulphonat () to obsrv th influnc of tratmnt on fruit quality of papaya. Th rsults rvald that fruit attributs wr ffctivly improvd by sd tratmnt with Ethyl Mthan Sulphonat () % had fruits with minimum cntral cavity, maximum fruit lngth, fruit girth, fruit wight and pulp thicknss. Untratd sds (control) had minimum fruit lngth, fruit girth, fruit wight and pulp thicknss. Th fruits obtaind from th sds tratd with 0.50 % had significantly maximum TSS, sugar, fat, ash, carbohydrat, protin, carotn and minimum moistur contnt during both th yars of study. Kywords: Ethyl Mthan Sulphonat (), fruit charactr, fruit quality, papaya. INTRODUCTION Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is on of th important fruit crops of tropical and subtropical rgion of th world. Owing to its uniqu charactristics, papaya cultivation has bcom vry popular among th fruit growrs. Bing short duration, arly maturing, quick growing and dwarf in natur, it can b grown vry succssfully

2 146 Mahsh Kumar, Muksh Kumar and Vna Chaudhary in th orchards of major fruit crops (Chattopadhyay, ). Du to nutritional and mdicinal valus, it ftchs vry good pric in th markt (Irulappan, 1992). Papaya rankd forth position in production ( MT), first position in productivity (40.7 MT/HA) from ha ara undr fruit in India (Anonymous, ). Among th brding tchniqus, mutation is on of th important mthods adoptd by plant brdrs to crat variability in a numbr of spcis. Natural mutants hav playd an important rol in crating variability in many spcis. Howvr, inducd mutations hav not brought out th dsirabl rsults in many of th fruit crops. A numbr of inducd mutations hav ndd up as chimras in fruit crops and intrasomatic slctions hav rvrsd th mutant ffcts. A dwarf gynodiocious varity in papaya has bn dvlopd by inducd mutation of gamma irradiation in papaya (Ram and Srivastava, 1984). Mutation dirctly affctd th gntic structur of plants. Dwarfnss and arlinss in flowring ar important charactrs for high dnsity planting. Thrfor, th prsnt study has bn formulatd to study th ffct of sd tratmnt with thyl mthan sulphonat on fruit quality of papaya MATERIALS AND METHODS Th prsnt invstigation was conductd at Horticultural Rsarch Cntr at SVP Univrsity of Agricultur and Tchnology, Modipuram, Mrut, Uttar Pradsh during th yar and. Th xprimnt was laid out in Randomizd Block Dsign with fiv tratmnts and thr rplications. Papaya sds of cultivars Pusa Dwarf wr obtaind from IARI, Rgional Station Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar) India. Halthy and uniform sizd sds wr tratd with four concntrations (0.25 %, 0.50 %, 0.75 % and 1.00 %) of thyl mthan sulphonat (). Th aquous solution of diffrnt concntrations of was prpard using distilld watr. Sds wr soakd in th frshly prpard mutagnic solutions for 6 hours and kpt at room tmpratur with intrmittnt shaking aftr prior soaking in distilld watr for 6 hours. Th sds at th nd of th tratmnt wr washd in running watr to mak thm fr from th rsidus of mutagn sticking to th sd and sown immdiatly. On hundrd tratd and non-tratd sds of ach sampl wr sown in polyhous Jadhav t al., (). Fiv halthy and maturd fruits obtaind from th plants wr usd for ach tratmnt for rcording various fruit quality attributs (Hang and Chau, 2010; Goldnbrg t al, (2014; Elangovan and Pavadai, 2015; Brmgo t al, ; Hassan t al, 2009 and Figuirdo t al, 2014). Th chmical composition of fruit was analysd at Rgional Food Rsarch and Analysis Cntr, (R-FRAC) Lucknow, U.P. India.

3 Effct of sd tratmnt by thyl mthan sulphonat () on fruit quality of papaya 147 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th data prtaining to fruit charactrs viz. fruit lngth, fruit girth, fruit wight, cntral cavity, pulp thicknss, numbr of sds pr fruit of papaya, as influncd by diffrnt doss of thyl mthan sulphonat ar prsntd in Tabl-1. Tabl. 1 Effct of thyl mthan sulphonat on physical charactrs of papaya fruit Tratmnt Fruit Lngth Avrag Fruit Avrag Fruit Wight Avrag Cntral Avrag Pulp Avrag No. of Sds/ Avrag (cm) Bradth(cm (gm) Fruit Cavity(cm) Cntral Thicknss(cm) Pulp Fruit No. of Fruit Fruit Wight Cavity Thicknss Sds/ Lngth Bradth (gm) Fruit (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) Control % ,50 % % % Gn. Man SE m± C.D. 5% Significant diffrncs wr found among all th tratmnts in trms of physical traits of fruits. Maximum fruit lngth (23.54 cm), fruit girth (47.32 cm), fruit wight ( gm) and pulp thicknss (3.22 cm) was rcordd with 0.50 % sd tratmnt. Howvr, highr doss of (1.00 %) had minimum fruit lngth (19.99 cm), fruit girth (42.02 cm), fruit wight ( gm) and pulp thicknss (2.71 cm). Minimum cntral cavity (10.58 cm) was rcordd in fruits obtaind with 0.50 % sd tratmnt, whil maximum (12.68 cm) with 1.00 %. Th maximum numbr of sds pr fruit ( sds) was countd with control (un-tratd sds), whras 1.00 % tratmnt had fruits with minimum numbr of sds pr fruit ( sds) during th yar of xprimnt. It was also obsrvd that th physical charactrs of papaya wr improvd with th incras in doss of upto 0.50 %, and thraftr, th fruit quality was rducd. Basd on th rsults, it may b concludd that modrat concntration of (0.50 %) was most ffctiv in improving th physical quality of papaya. Similar ffct of on fruit quality was also obsrvd by (Bankapur and Habib, 1997; Hang and Chau, 2010 and Elangovan and Pavadai 2015).

4 148 Mahsh Kumar, Muksh Kumar and Vna Chaudhary Tabl. 2 Effct of thyl mthan sulphonat on chmical composition of papaya fruit Tratmnt TSS( o brix) Avrag TSS ( o brix) pg Sugar ( %) Avrag Sugar ( %) Moistur Avrag Moistur Ash( %) - 13 Avr ag Ash( %) - 13 Fat( %) Avra g Fat ( %) Protin Avra g Proti n carbohydrat - 14 Avrag carboh ydrat Carotn (ug/100 gm) Avrag Carotn (ug/100 gm) Contro l 0.25 % ,50 % % % Gn Man SE m± C.D. 5% NS NS Th data givn in Tabl-2 rvald maximum TSS ( o brix ), sugar ( % ), fat ( 0.17 % ) and carbohydrat (10.96 % ) in fruits obtaind from 0,50 % followd by 0.25 % ( o brix TSS, % Sugar, 0.15 % Fat and % Carbohydrat), whil, fruits obtaind from sd tratmnt with highr concntration of (1.0%) had minimum TSS (11.35 o brix ), sugar ( 9.73 % ), fat ( 0.13 % ) and carbohydrat (9.45 % ). Howvr, sugar contnts in diffrnt tratmnts of wr diffrd in significantly during both th yars of study. Th rsult on chmical attributs ar furthr indicatd that th lvl of moistur prcntag was minimum (87.60 %) whil ash prcntag was maximum (0.75 %) in fruits obtaind with 0.50 % as compard to control and othr tratmnts of. Data also indicatd that th fruits obtaind with 1.00 % had maximum moistur prcntag (89.41 %) and minimum protin (0.50% ), carotn ( ug/100gm ) ash prcntag ( 0.56 % ). Howvr, fruits obtaind from 0.50% tratmnt had lssr lvls of protin (0.63 % ) and carotn (39.98 ug/100gm). Th improvmnt in fruit quality with lowr doss of may b du to th fact that at a lowr dos inducs hormons which ar rsponsibl for th improvmnt to fruit quality. Physiological changs in tratd fruits occurrd du to thyl mthan sulphonat. Th mutagns at highr dos rducd fruit quality which might b du to th inhibitory ffct of highr doss of thyl mthan sulphonat. Th positiv ffcts of mutagnsis on biochmical composition and nutritional quality of fruits in th prsnt study ar also rportd by arlir rsarchrs namly, (Brmgo t al, ; and Kim t al, a &b) who had rportd that gamma-irradiation mutagnsis had varid ffcts on

5 Effct of sd tratmnt by thyl mthan sulphonat () on fruit quality of papaya 149 intrnal quality of fruits. Th rsults of prsnt study also indicatd th varid ffcts of gamma irradiation on TSS, acidity and vitamin, without impairing nutritional quality. Similar rsults with gamma irradiation wr also rportd by (Goldnbrg t al, 2014)) in mandarin fruit. Th rsults of th study ar also supportd by th findings of (Figuirdo t al, 2014) who obsrvd bttr quality of papaya fruit with irradiation of gamma rays. CONCLUSION Among th mutagns usd in th 0.50 % was found to b mor ffctiv and showd th stimulatory ffct as compard to control and othr tratmnts. Th stimulatory ffct of at a lowr dos is du to th fact that mutagns at lowr concntration stimulat nzym and growth hormon rsponsibl for growth, yild and fruit quality, whil, highr concntration of mutagns had inhibitory ffct on fruit quality. Hnc, fruit yild and quality of gntically modifid papaya can b improvd significantly through inducd mutagnsis by thyl mthan sulphonat. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Th authors ar highly gratful to S.V.P Univrsity of Agricultur and Tchnology, Mrut (U.P.) for providing ncssary facilitis to carrid out prsnt invstigation. Th financial support rcivd by th principal author from UGC (RGNF) for rsarch work also acknowldgd. REFERENCES [1] Chattopadhyay, T.K. (). Papaya In: A txts book on pomology. Kalyani Publishrs, Nw Dlhi pag No [2] Irulappan, I. (1992). Papaya, a fruit of th tropics. Indian Horticultur, 37 (3): [3] Anonymous, (). National Horticultur Board. Hortucultur Databas [4] Ram, M. and S. Srivastava, A not on th occurrnc of mutants in papaya. In: National Sminar on papaya and papain production. March 26-27, pp.28 [5] Jadhav, P.A., H.V. Kalpand, M.N. Kathal, and G.P. Dahal,. Effct of gamma rays and thyl mthan sulphonat on grmination, polln viability and survival of okra. J. of Crop and Wd, 8(2): 1301.

6 150 Mahsh Kumar, Muksh Kumar and Vna Chaudhary [6] Hang, N. T. N. and N. M. Chau, Radiation inducd mutation for improving papaya varity in Vitnam. Acta Hort., (851): [7] Goldnbrg, L., Y. Yaniv, R. Porat, and N. Carmi, Effct of gamma irradiation mutagnsis for induction of sdlssnss on th quality of Mandrin fruit. Food and Nutrition Scincs, 5: [8] 8. Elangovan, R. and P. Pavadai, Studis on inducd chmical mutagnsis in bhindi (Ablmoschus sculntus (L.) Monch). Int. J. Modrn Biol. Md 6(1): [9] Brmgo, A., J. Pardo and A. Cano,. Murcot Sdlss: Influnc of Gamma Irradiation on Citrus Production and Fruit Quality. Span. J. Agric. Rs., 10(3): [10] Hassan Amro, B., G.A.M. Osman, R.A.M. Mohamd, A.H. Eltayb, M. Mohamd and E.E. Diab Effct of gamma irradiation on th nutritional quality of maiz cultivars ( Za mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(2): [11] Figuirdo, S. G., G. G., d Silva-Sna, E. N. Santana, R. G. J d Santos, dos Oiano Nto and C. A. d Olivira, Effct of gamma irradiation on carotnoids and vitamin C contnts of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) cv. Goldn. J. Food Procss. Tchnol. 5(6): [12] Bankapur, V.M. and A.F. Habib (1979). Mutation brding in papaya (Carica papaya L.). Mysor J. Agri. Sci. 13 (1): [13] Kim, M.Y., S.J. Im, J.H. Kim, I.J. Kim, H.Y L, D.S. L, Y.J. L, J.H. Byun, J.H. Kim, J.Y. Kim., S.R. Jong, J.H. Kim, and S.H. Moon,. Changs in th phnolic composition of citrus fruits and lavs prpard by gamma irradiation of Budsticks. Lif Scinc Journal, 9: [14] 14.Kim, M.Y., I.J Kim, H.Y. L, D.S L, S.J Im, J.H. Kim, J.H. Byun, J.Y. Kim, S.R. L, J.H. Jong, J.H. Kim, and S.H. Moon, (). Charactrization of th antioxidant proprtis of citrus mutants inducd by gamma rays. Lif Scinc Journal, 9: