Report of Progress 866

Transcription

1 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Rport of Progrss Production and Postharvst Evaluations of Frsh-Cut Ponis Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic

2 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from PRODUCTION AND POSTHARVEST EVALUATION OF FRESH-CUT PEONIES Karn L.B. Gast, Ph.D., Dpartmnt of Horticultur, Forstry and Rcration Rsourcs Kansas Stat Univrsity In th fall of 1992, a cultivar trial of pony plants (Paonia lactiflora Pallas) was stablishd at th Kansas Stat Univrsity Horticultur Rsarch Cntr, Manhattan, KS, to dtrmin which cultivars would produc quality frsh-cut flowrs. Th cultivar trial plots includ fiv plants st 0.91 m apart within th bds. Bds ar 0.91 m-wid with 1.22 m-wid grass aisls btwn thm. In addition to th yild and harvst data, flowrs from ths trials wr usd for postharvst valuations studis. In 1993, a commrcial-siz trial was stablishd of th cultivar Shawn Chif, a rd doubl. Th initial planting includd thr bds 0.91 m-wid with 1.22 m-wid grass aisls btwn thm. Plants wr st in doubl rows in th bds with 0.61 m btwn th doubl rows and 3 ft. s btwn plants in th rows. Bds wr 32 m long with a total of 70 plants pr bd. In th fall of 1995, svn mor bds wr stablishd in th sam mannr. Four of ths bds contain Shawn Chif, and thr of thm contain Snow Mountain, a whit bomb-typ. This yar s rport includs rsults of th following studis: Harvst Sason and Yild Initial Postharvst Evaluations Cultivar Assssmnts Holding Solution Evaluations Flowr Opnnss Vas Lif Evaluations Bud Maturity Evaluations Long-Trm Cold Storag Studis Cultivar Assssmnts Prstorag Tratmnts Storag Disas Incidnc with Fungicidal Tratmnts Postharvst Evaluations of Frsh-Cut Flowrs Postharvst handling and valuation of th flowrs for all studis wr similar. Flowrs wr harvstd in th colord bud stag whn thy wr soft lik a marshmallow. Flowrs wr thn prpard by cutting 2.5 cm from stms undr watr and by rmoving th lavs from th bottom two-thirds of th stms. Th flowrs wr placd in approximatly 600 ml watr in 0.9 l glass jars. Total vas lif was dtrmind from th tim flowrs wr placd in jars to whn th flowrs bcam wiltd byond accptabl condition or th ptals had abscisd. Opn vas lif was dtrmind from th tim whn th flowrs wr almost opn to whn thy had wiltd or th ptals had abscisd. Diamtrs wr masurd whn th flowrs wr fully opn. 1

3 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Harvst Sason and Yilds Tabl 1 contains th harvst sason dats and yild data, numbr of flowrs pr plant, for pony cultivars valuatd in Th sason startd vry arly, on April 28, and ndd with th last cultivar bing harvstd on May 22 This was th arlist dat whn ponis wr rady for harvst sinc rcords of harvst data bgan in This yar, thr wr many shoots that did not hav flowr buds and buds that did not dvlop. This was most vidnt with th larg planting of th cultivar Shawn Chif. It is not includd in th Tabl 1, bcaus th avrag yild pr plant was so low. Th wintr was mild and may not hav providd som cultivars with sufficint chilling to induc flowr bud dvlopmnt. Tabl Harvst sason and yild. Cultivar/Sason Color Stms pr Plant Harvst Sason Apach, arly mid rd 4.4 5/9-13 Comanch, arly mid rd 3.4 5/12-17 David Harum, mid rd /11-21 Flix Crouss, mid rd 4.2 5/14-18 Flix Suprm, mid rd /13-21 Grovr Clvland, lat rd 4.6 5/15-21 Hnry Bocktoc, arly mid rd 3.3 5/10-16 Lora Dxhimr, mid rd 6.5 5/12-20 Louis van Houtti, lat mid rd 14 5/15-21 Ptr Brand, arly mid rd 6.4 5/7-18 Rd Charm, arly mid rd 7.8 5/7-10 Richard Carvl, arly rd /14-22 Dr. Alxandr Flming, arly mid pink /11-21 Edulis Suprba, arly pink 4.8 5/8-13 Grac Batson, lat mid pink 3.2 5/17-22 Jams Pillow, lat pink 4.4 5/17-22 Jayhawkr, arly pink 8.6 5/13-20 Lovly Ros, arly mid pink 4.3 5/7-12 Mistr Ed, arly pink 9.8 5/11-17 Monsiur Juls Eli, arly pink /9-19 Mrs. F.D. Roosvlt, mid pink 8.2 5/11-15 Ozark Bauty, lat pink 7.8 5/14-21 Raspbrry Sunda, mid pink /

4 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Rin Hortns, mid pink 4.6 5/14-20 Romanc, mid pink 5.8 5/15-20 Ros Parl, mid-lat pink 4.8 5/17-22 Sarah Brnhardt, lat pink /16-21 Thrs, mid pink /14-22 Waltr Faxon, mid pink /15-22 Wstrnr, mid pink / A whit /9-22 Bridal Showr, mid whit /8-18 Bridal Icing, mid whit /12-21 Candy Hart, arly mid whit 7.0 5/14-22 Dr. F.G. Brthour, lat whit 5 5/15-22 Duchss d Nmours, arly whit 25 5/9-18 Fstiva Suprm, mid whit 6.6 5/11-20 Fstiva Maxima, arly whit 4.8 5/11-22 Hnry Sass, lat mid whit 4.8 5/15-22 Madam d Vrnvill, arly whit /9-15 Snow Mountain, lat whit 6.4 5/12-20 Spllbindr, arly whit 9.8 5/7-13 Coral Fay, arly coral 6.4 4/28-5/7 Coral n Gold, arly coral 5.5 5/7 Orang Lac, arly coral 7.2 5/1-7 Initial Postharvst Evaluations Pony cultivars vry yar ar valuatd for thir vas lif prformanc, until at last 3 yars worth of data ar collctd. Thy also ar valuatd to s how thy prform whn hld in floral prsrvativ. Th floral prsrvativ is mixd as prscribd on th labl. Flowrs ar prpard th sam way as whn hld in watr. Nintn cultivars wr valuatd for initial vas lif (Tabls 2, 3, and 4). Six wr singls or Japans typs, Comanch, Lovly Ros, Spllbindr, Apach, Romanc, and Wstrnr. Ths forms offr th florist somthing nw and diffrnt and ar worthy of xamination for thir cut-flowr potntial. Apach and Lovly Ros had vas livs lss that 5 days, making thm unsuitabl for cut flowrs. Th othr four cultivars showd much promis and offr a wid rang of colors. 3

5 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Postharvst valuation of frsh-cut pony flowrs hld in watr Cultivar/Color Diamtr First Day Vas Lif(days) Dath (inchs) Opn Total Opn Comanch-Rd drop Hnry Bocktoc-Rd drop Lovly Ros-Pink drop/wilt Raspbrry Ic-Rd drop Ros Parl-Pink wilt Spllbindr-Whit drop Valus in tabl ar mans of thr rplications of fiv flowr stms. Tabl Postharvst valuation of frsh-cut pony flowrs hld in floral prsrvativ. Cultivar/Color Diamtr First Day Vas Lif(days) Dath (inchs) Opn Total Opn Bttr Tims-Pink drop/wilt Grovr Clvland-Rd wilt Grac Batson-Pink wilt Valus in tabl ar mans of thr rplications of fiv flowr stms. Tabl Postharvst valuation of frsh-cut pony flowrs hld in watr and floral prsrvativ Cultivar/Color Diamtr First Day Vas Lif(days) Dath (inchs) Opn Total Opn Apach-Rd Watr 4.3ns 1.3* 4.8ns 4.5ns wilt/drop Floral Prsrvativ wilt/drop Bridal Icing Watr 5.1ns 2.0ns 5.4ns 4.4* drop*** Floral Prsrvativ wilt Candy Hart-Whit Watr 4.3** 2.6ns 7.7*** 6.0** drop*** Floral Prsrvativ wilt Duchss d Nmours-Whit Watr 5.6ns 2.0ns 5.8*** 4.8*** drop*** Floral Prsrvativ wilt Jayhawkr Watr 5.4ns 2.1ns 8.7*** 7.6*** wiltns Floral Prsrvativ wilt Madam d Vrnvill-Whit Watr 4.8ns 2.0ns 6.3ns 5.3ns drop Floral Prsrvativ drop Rd Charm-Rd Watr 6.8ns 1.3** 6.4*** 6.1ns drop Floral Prsrvativ drop Rin Hortns Watr 5.1ns 2.0ns 7.9* 6.9ns drop*** Floral Prsrvativ wilt Romanc Watr 5.2ns 2.9ns 7.5ns 5.7ns drop* Floral Prsrvativ wilt Wstrnr-Pink Watr 5.0** 2.8ns 7.4* 5.8* drop*** Floral Prsrvativ wilt Valus in tabl ar mans of thr rplications of fiv flowr stms. Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. 4

6 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from All of th othr 13 cultivars had accptabl vas livs. Tn wr valuatd to dtrmin whthr using floral prsrvativs would xtnd th vas lif of th flowrs (Tabls 3 and 4). Th most pronouncd ffct of floral prsrvativs was th way in which th flowrs did. Flowrs of six cultivars, Romanc, Bridal Icing, Duchss d Nmours, Candy Hart, Rin Hortns, and Wstrnr, did by ptal abscissions or drop whn hld in watr, but did by wilting whn hld in floral prsrvativ. Floral prsrvativ rsultd in biggr flowrs for both Candy Hart and Wstrnr, but had th ffct of shortning th vas livs of Duchss d Nmours and Jayhawkr. Floral prsrvativs xtndd th vas livs of Bridal Icing, Rin Hortns, and Rd Charm. Floral prsrvativs had no bnficial ffct on Madam d Vrnvill. Ovrall, floral prsrvativs did not improv th vas lif and flowr siz of most cultivars, but wr not dtrimntal to th flowrs ithr. In handling pony flowrs, floral prsrvativs could b rcommndd only as an optional stp. Flowr Opnnss Vas Lif Evaluations Occasionally, growrs will find thy hav flowrs that opn mor quickly than thy can harvst thm. Ths opn flowrs ar unaccptabl for th wholsal flowr trad bcaus thy ar thought to not last as long as flowrs cut in th bud stag, and thir ptals will bruis asily. This yar, th opportunity prsntd itslf to dtrmin whthr opn flowrs last as long as bud flowrs whn hld in cold storag at 2 C for a wk, to simulat handling practics in pack houss and rtail floral shops. Four cultivars, Duchss d Nmours, Madam d Vrnvill, Mons. Juls Eli, and Raspbrry Sunda, all had flowrs that opnd quickr than xpctd. For Duchss d Nmours, comparisons wr mad btwn opn flowrs and bud flowrs immdiatly aftr harvst and includd valuation of holding solutions, watr, floral prsrvativs, and cold storag durations of 1 wk vs. 2 wks (Tabl 5). Th Duchss d Nmours flowrs hld in cold storag wr almost an inch largr in diamtr than flowrs from buds valuatd immdiatly aftr harvst. Th vas lif was a day shortr for th stord flowrs than th flowrs valuatd immdiatly aftr harvst. Flowr prformanc aftr 1 wk vs 2 wks of cold storag did not diffr. For Madam d Vrnvill, comparisons wr mad btwn bud flowrs valuatd immdiatly aftr harvst and opn flowrs hld in cold storag in both watr and floral prsrvativs for 1 wk. Lik Duchss d Nmours, th stord flowrs wr biggr, but no diffrncs wr sn in vas lif. For Mons. Juls Eli, a comparison was mad btwn bud flowrs valuatd immdiatly aftr harvst and opn flowrs valuatd aftr bing hld in watr in cold storag for 1 wk. Th stord, opn flowrs wr biggr and lastd longr than th bud flowrs. For Raspbrry Sunda, a comparison was mad btwn bud flowrs valuatd immdiatly aftr harvst and opn flowrs valuatd aftr bing hld in floral prsrvativ in cold storag for 1 wk. No diffrncs occurrd in flowr siz or opn vas lif. Opn flowrs, vn whn stord for 1-2 wks, prformd as wll as or bttr than flowrs harvstd in th bud stag. Growrs should hav no rsrvations about offring opn flowrs for sal to customrs, as long as th customrs know that thy should always b in watr and b arrangd immdiatly. 5

7 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Evaluation of th postharvst prformanc of opn pony flowrs undr various tratmnts. Cultivar/Color Diamtr First Day Vas Lif (days) Dath Tratmnt (inchs) Opn Total Opn Duchss d Nmours-Whit Control Opn 5.0c z 1.0b 7.0a 7.0a drop Control Bud 5.0c 1.4a 6.9a 6.5b drop Opn flowrs hld 1 wk in cold storag in watr 6.2ab 1.0b 6.0b 6.0c drop Opn flowrs hld 1 wk in cold storag in floral prsrvativ 5.7b 1.0b 6.0b 6.0c drop Opn flowrs hld 2 wks in cold storag in watr 5.7b 1.0b 6.2b 6.2bc drop Opn flowrs hld 2 wks in cold storag in floral prsrvativ 6.4a 1.0b 5.9b 5.9c drop Madam d Vrnvill-Whit Control 4.8b a 5.1 drop Opn flowrs hld 1 wk in cold storag in watr 5.3ab b 5.7 drop Opn flowrs hld 1 wk in cold storag in floral prsrvativ 5.7a ab 6.1 drop Mon. Juls Eli-Pink Control 4.5** y 2.4* 6.5ns 5.1*** wilt Opn flowrs hld 1 wk in cold storag in watr wilt Raspbrry Sunda-Pink Control 5.6ns 2.3* 7.6** 6.3ns drop Opn flowrs hld 1 wk in cold storag in floral prsrvativ drop z Cultivar valus within columns followd by diffrnt lttrs ar significantly diffrnt at th 5% lvl of probability. y ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. Bud Maturity Evaluations As th pony industry xpands, it is important to b abl to train pickrs and wholsalrs about th optimum harvst stag for th diffrnt cultivars. Bcaus pony production aras vary in climat and wathr affcts th dvlopmnt of flowrs, growrs hav qustiond whthr a dvlopmntal rang xists instad of a givn optimum stag from which pony flowrs would opn satisfactorily. This study applid a fruit maturity sris modl to idntify optimum dvlopmntal stags for harvsting svral pony cultivars. Cultivars includd in this yar s study wr -- REDS Flix Suprm, Ptr Brand, Shawn Chif WHITES Duchss d Nmours, Snow Mountain PINKS Dr. Alxandr Flming, Sarah Brnhardt, Thrs Basd on th harvsting xprinc of growrs and rsarchrs, a maturity rating scal was dvlopd for pony buds and flowrs to rflct thir dvlopmnt. Maturity or Bud Opnnss Rating Scal 1= tight bud with littl color showing 4=vry soft bud 2=tight bud with color showing 5=almost opn with ptals not rflxd 3=soft bud 6=fully opn 6

8 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Pony flowr buds wr harvstd ovr a wid rang of maturity or bud opnnss and sortd into groups or grads by th diffrnt lvls of maturity or opnnss. Each group or grad had at last svn flowrs, and 10 diffrnt grads wr usd for ach cultivar. Bcaus ach cultivar has a uniqu st of charactristics that indicats whn it is matur nough for harvst, a diffrnt st of critria was usd to sort ach cultivar into th diffrnt grads. Most of th individual critria wr similar but wr usd in a diffrnt ordr. Ths includd firmnss, ptal angl, color shift, amount of color showing, and lift of ptals. Th initial maturity rating was rcordd for ach flowr in th diffrnt grads. Vas lif, flowr diamtr, and opning tim also wr rcordd. Flowrs wr considrd opn whn thy rachd rating 5. Vas lif valuations wr conductd for ach cultivar by placing all th flowrs of ach grad in a 0.9 l glass jar filld with watr. Stms wr cut undr watr to approximatly 40 cm bfor bing placd in th jars. Flowrs wr hld at o C. Flowrs wr hld for 1 wk at 1-2 o C bfor bing gradd. This also simulatd th handling at som pony oprations, whr flowrs ar bulkd in cold storag ovr a wk and dispatchd to markt onc pr wk. Evn bfor accptabl vas lif is considrd, knowing how fast th flowrs will opn is important. Tightr or mor firm buds of lowr grads tndd to opn lss quickly than softr buds from highr grads. Most wr opn by th scond day (Tabl 6). Th only xcptions wr Sarah Brnhardt and Thrs, which had many flowrs that faild to opn, spcially thos from th lowr grads. Initial maturity rating valus wr rlatd dirctly to maturity grad assignmnt; highr valus wr found in highr grads (Tabl 7). Flowrs in lowr grads had longr vas livs and usually smallr flowrs than thos in th highr grads (Tabls 8 and 9). Howvr, no diffrnc was sn in flowr siz across th grads in Duchss d Nmours. Th original purpos of this study was to us th paramtrs of opning tim, vas lif, and flowr siz to judg which lvl of bud maturity producs th bst flowrs. Only grads that corrspondd to both vas lif and flowr siz wr dsignatd as bst for harvst. Th maturity ratings of ths bst grads thn wr summarizd, and rcommndations wr mad for th bst stag to harvst for ach cultivar (Tabl 10). Tabl Prcntag of pony flowr buds almost out (stag 5) on day 3 in ach grad. Bst grads ar thos with 70% or mor opn by day 3. Cultivar Maturity Grads Bst Grads Dr. Alxandr Flming Duchss d Nmours Flix Suprm Ptr Brand Sarah Brnhardt ,2, Shawn Chif Snow Mountain Thrs

9 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Initial bud opnnss rating of buds for th diffrnt grads using 1-6 maturity rating scal. LSD = Last significant diffrnc btwn mans within rows at 5% lvl of significanc by analysis of varianc. Cultivar Maturity Grads LSD Dr. Alxandr Flming Duchss d Nmours Flix Suprm Ptr Brand Sarah Brnhardt Shawn Chif Snow Mountain Thrs Tabl Flowr diamtr (cm) of pony cultivars. LSD = Last significant diffrnc btwn mans within rows at 5% lvl of significanc by analysis of varianc. Cultivar Maturity Grads Bst LSD Grads Dr. Alxandr Flming Duchss d Nmours NS 4-10 Flix Suprm Ptr Brand NS 2-10 Sarah Brnhardt Shawn Chif Snow Mountain Thrs Tabl Vas lif (days) of pony cultivars. LSD = Last significant diffrnc btwn mans within rows at 5% lvl of significanc by analysis of varianc. Cultivar Maturity Grads Bst LSD Grads Dr. Alxandr Flming ,8,9 Duchss d Nmours ,9 Flix Suprm ,10 Ptr Brand ,3,4,6 Sarah Brnhardt Shawn Chif Snow Mountain , 5-8 Thrs Tabl 10. Summary of bst ovrall grads for harvst of pony flowrs and man, rang, and diffrnc of bud maturity ratings for bst ovrall grads and thir maturity rating dscription. Cultivar Ovrall Maturity Rang Bud Maturity Dscription Bst Grads Man Rang Diffrnc Dr. Alxandr Flming Softr Duchss d Nmours Firm with color, narrow rang Flix Suprm Soft, wid rang Ptr Brand Soft, wid rang Sarah Brnhardt Soft to vry soft, wid rang Shawn Chif Firm with color to soft Snow Mountain Soft, narrow rang Thrs Vry soft 8

10 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Long-Trm Cold Storag Studis Long trm cold storag is an option to xtnd th markt for som pony cultivars. Th objctiv of ths studis was to dtrmin which cultivars do wll in long-trm cold storag of 4 wks or mor with and without a prtratmnt of 10% sucros and fungicid tratmnts. Cultivar Assssmnt Aftr 4 wks of cold storag at 2 C, only th cultivars Dr. F.G. Brthour, Flix Crouss, Hnry Sass, Jayhawkr, Jams Pillow, and Mons. Juls Eli had accptabl vas livs, > 5 days opn (Tabl11). Aftr 12 wks of cold storag, only Richard Carvl had accptabl vas lif, > 4 days opn (Tabl12). Tabl Postharvst valuation of frsh-cut pony flowrs stord for 4 wks at 1 C. Cultivar/Color Diamtr First Day Vas Lif(days) Initial Opnnss Dath (inchs) Opn Total Opn Rating aftr Storag Bridal Icing-Whit drop Bridal Showr-Whit wilt/drop Dr. F.G. Brthour-Whit drop Flix Crouss-Rd wilt/drop Hnry Sass-Whit wilt/drop Jayhawkr-Pink drop Jams Pillow-Pink drop Lora Dxhimr-Rd wilt/drop Mon. Juls Eli-Pink drop Waltr Faxon-Pink drop Valus in tabl ar mans of thr rplications of fiv flowr stms. Tabl Postharvst valuation of frsh-cut pony flowrs stord for 12 wks at 1 C. Cultivar/Color First Day Vas Lif(days) Initial Opnnss Dath Opn Total Opn Rating aftr Storag David Harum-Rd wilt Dr. Alxandr Flming-Pink wilt Mon. Juls Eli-Pink wilt Richard Carvl-Rd wilt/drop Snow Mountain-Whit wilt Valus in tabl ar mans of thr rplications of fiv flowr stms. Prstorag Tratmnts Flowrs wr tratd with a 2-hour puls of 10% sucros solution at room tmpratur (~22 C) or rcivd no tratmnt (control). Aftr prstorag tratmnt, flowrs wr bunchd in fivs and placd into 2-gallon slf-saling polythyln bags. Tratmnts wr rplicatd thr tims. Flowrs wr placd in cold storag at 2 C for 4 wks for most cultivars or 8 and 12 wks for othrs. Whn th prscribd storag tim was ovr, stms wr cut undr watr by 2.5 cm, and flowrs wr placd in 0.9 litr glass jars filld with approximatly 600 ml watr. Bud opnnss, days to opn, vas lif, flowr diamtr, and typ of dath wr rcordd. For bud opnnss, flowr buds wr ratd on a 1 to 5 firmnss and color scal: 1=firm, no or littl color showing 2=firm, with color showing 3=soft with color showing 4=vry soft with color showing 5=vry soft with ptals almost opn Aftr 4 wks of cold storag, th only ffct of prstorag tratmnt with th 10% sucros 9

11 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from puls for most cultivars was to softn th flowr buds (Tabl13). This was tru for 69A, Louis van Houtti, Raspbrry Sunda, Shawn Chif, and Thrs. This softning could b dtrimntal, if th bud is too soft for th markt. Long-trm cold storag was a disastr for Spllbindr, a whit singl that shows promis as a frsh-cut flowr whn frshly harvstd. Th ptals opnd and also discolord during cold storag. Th prstorag tratmnts had no ffct on David Harum, Duchss d Nmours, Edulis Suprba, Mistr Ed, Ozark Bauty, Richard Carvl, and Sarah Brnhardt. Madam d Vrnvill and Fstiva Suprm had total livs ½ to 1 day longr with no prstorag tratmnt, whras th prstorag tratmnt incrasd th vas lif of Snow Mountain. Prtratd Dr. Alxandr Flming flowrs wr biggr. Th most important factor in dciding th succss of long-trm cold storag is accptabl vas lif. For flowrs stord 4 wks, 5 days would b accptabl. David Harum, Louis van Houtti, Mistr Ed, Ozark Bauty, Raspbrry Sunda, and Snow Mountain wr th only cultivars to mt that critrion. Aftr 8 wks of cold storag, th prstorag tratmnt had no ffct on 69A, Snow Mountain, Shawn Chif, Richard Carvl, and Duchss d Nmours. Prtratd flowrs of Louis van Houtti and Raspbrry Sunda wr softr. Prtratd flowrs of Sarah Brnhardt wr biggr and lastd longr, and thos of David Harum also wr biggr. Untratd flowrs of Raspbrry Sunda had a longr total vas lif. Th only cultivars with an accptabl vas lif of 4 days opn wr 69A, David Harum, Louis van Houtti, Raspbrry Sunda, Richard Carvl, and Shawn Chif, but only Louis van Houtti and Shawn Chif lookd comparabl to frsh unstord flowrs. Aftr 12 wks of cold storag, th prtratd flowrs of Shawn Chif prformd bttr. Thy wr biggr and lastd longr. Howvr, flowrs of Duchss d Nmours wr so disasd that thy did not opn wll. 10

12 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Postharvst valuation of frsh-cut pony flowrs stord for 4 wks at 1 C with prstorag tratmnt. Cultivar/Color Diamtr First Day Vas Lif(days) Initial Opnnss Dath (inchs) Opn Total Opn Rating aftr Storag 69A-Whit Control 4.0ns Z 2.1ns 5.9ns 4.9ns 2.4* drop 10% Sucros drop David Harum-Rd Control 4.2ns 1.9ns 7.3ns 6.5ns 2.9ns wilt/drop 10% Sucros wilt/drop Dr. Alxandr Flming,-Pink Control 4.5* 2.2ns 5.0ns 3.8ns 2.7* drop 10% Sucros drop Duchss d Nmours-Whit Control 5.0ns 1.9ns 5.1ns 4.1ns 2.4ns drop 10% Sucros drop Edulis Suprba-Pink Control 4.1ns 2.1ns 5.3ns 4.1ns 3.2ns drop 10% Sucros wilt/drop Fstiva Suprm-Whit Control 4.4ns 2.1ns 6.1** 4.7ns 2.8*** wilt 10% Sucros wilt Louis van Houtti-Rd Control 4.1ns 2.0ns 6.1ns 5.1ns 2.2* drop 10% Sucros drop Madam d Vrnvill-Whit Control 4.1ns 1.9ns 5.5*** 4.7ns 3.5** drop 10% Sucros drop Mistr Ed-Pink Control 5.4ns 1.9ns 6.3ns 5.5ns 2.9ns drop 10% Sucros drop Ozark Bauty-Pink Control 4.2ns 2.4ns 6.6ns 5.2ns 2.5ns drop 10% Sucros drop Raspbrry Sunda-Pink Control 4.6ns 1.9ns 6.2ns 5.2ns 2.9** drop 10% Sucros drop Richard Carvl-Rd Control 4.0ns 2.1ns 5.8ns 4.7ns 2.6ns drop 10% Sucros drop Sarah Brnhardt-Pink Control 4.1ns 2.6ns 5.3ns 4.0ns 2.3ns drop 10% Sucros drop Shawn Chif-Rd Control 4.3ns 2.3ns 5.8ns 4.5ns 2.7** drop 10% Sucros drop Snow Mountain-Whit Control 4.0ns 2.1* 5.4** 4.4** 2.5*** drop 10% Sucros drop Spllbindr-Whit Control 1.0ns 2.0*** 2.0* 3.8** wilt** 10% Sucros wilt/drop Thrs-Pink Control 4.4ns 3.0ns 6.1ns 4.5ns 2.2*** wilt/drop 10% Sucros wilt/drop Valus in tabl ar mans of thr rplications of fiv flowr stms. Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. 11

13 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Postharvst valuation of frsh-cut pony flowrs stord for 8 wks at 1 C with prstorag tratmnt. Cultivar/Color Diamtr First Day Vas Lif(days) Initial Opnnss Dath (inchs) Opn Total Opn Rating aftr Storag 69A-Whit Control 3.7ns Z 2.3ns 5.0ns 3.9ns 2.9ns drop 10% Sucros drop David Harum-Rd Control 3.2* 2.1* 5.7ns 5.1ns 2.9ns drop 10% Sucros drop Dr. Alxandr Flming, Pink Control 4.0*** 2.3ns 4.3ns 3.2ns 2.1ns drop 10% Sucros drop Duchss d Nmours-Whit Control 3.5ns 1.9ns 4.4ns 3.9ns 2.5ns drop 10% Sucros drop Louis van Houtti-Rd Control 3.6ns 2.0** 5.3ns 4.3* 2.7** drop 10% Sucros drop Raspbrry Sunda-Pink Control 3.8* 1.9* 6.0** 5.1ns 2.3*** drop 10% Sucros drop Richard Carvl-Rd Control 3.3ns 1.9ns 5.6ns 4.7ns 3.7ns drop 10% Sucros drop Sarah Brnhardt-Pink Control 3.3*** 2.5ns 4.7** 3.5* 2.4ns drop 10% Sucros wilt* Shawn Chif-Rd Control 3.9ns 1.9ns 5.1ns 4.1ns 2.9ns drop 10% Sucros drop Snow Mountain-Whit Control 3.9ns 2.0ns 4.3ns 3.4ns 2.6ns wilt 10% Sucros wilt Valus in tabl ar mans of thr rplications of fiv flowr stms. Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. Tabl Postharvst valuation of frsh-cut pony flowrs stord for 12 wks at 1 C with prstorag pulsing tratmnts. Cultivar/Color First Day Vas Lif(days) Initial Opnnss Dath Opn Total Opn Rating aftr Storag Duchss d Nmours-Whit Control 2.0ns Z 2.0* ns wilt 10% Sucros wilt Shawn Chif-rd Control 1.9ns 4.6*** 3.9* 2.8ns drop 10% Sucros drop Valus in tabl ar mans of thr rplications of fiv flowr stms. Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. 12

14 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Storag Disas Incidnc with Fungicidal Tratmnts Eight pony cultivars wr slctd for this study: Bridal Showr, a whit doubl Dr. Alxandr Flming, a pink doubl Duchss d Nmours, a whit doubl Mrs. FDR, a pink doubl Snow Mountain, a whit bomb Sarah Brnhardt, a pink doubl Shawn Chif, a rd doubl Waltr Faxon, a pink doubl Two fungicid tratmnts wr compard to a no-tratmnt control. 1. Prstorag spray of Aspir at th labl-prscribd rat of 0.16 oz. pr gallon. 2. Prstorag spray of Daconil at th labl-prscribd rat of 1.5 fl.oz. pr gallon. Tn stms of ach cultivar wr usd for ach tratmnt. Each stm in ach tratmnt was numbrd and was trackd during th study. Stms wr placd in 2-gallon slf-saling polythyln bags and placd in cold storag at 2-3 o C. Thy wr valuatd aftr 4, 8, and 12 wks. Evaluations includd dtrmining disas incidnc and whthr disas lsions wr prsnt and stimating th xtnt of th disas and th prcnt of ara covrd by th disas. Lavs, spals, guard ptals, and ptals wr xamind (Tabls 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23). At ach valuation, flowr buds also wr ratd for opnnss using th scal shown on pags 6 and 9. Rsults showd that no on tratmnt was suprior for all cultivars valuatd. For Mrs. FDR, disas incidnc was gratr on untratd lavs, but lss on untratd guard ptals (Tabl 16). Th Aspir tratd flowrs had largr lsions than th Daconil tratd flowrs and th untratd flowrs. For Waltr Faxon, untratd lavs had lss disas incidnc, but had largr lsions than th tratd lavs (Tabl 17). Largr lsions occurrd on spals and guard ptals with th Daconil tratmnt than th othr tratmnts. For Shawn Chif, th untratd lavs had mor and largr lsions than th fungicidtratd lavs (Tabl 18). Th Daconil tratd spals had lss incidnc of disas. For Sarah Brnhardt, disas incidnc was lss for th untratd lavs, guard ptals, and ptals at 4 wks (Tabl 19 ). For Dr. Alxandr Flming, untratd lavs had largr lsions at wk 4 than thos tratd with fungicids (Tabl 20). No tratmnt diffrncs occurrd for th flowrs.. For Snow Mountain, th Daconil tratd lavs had smallr lsions than thos in othr tratmnts (Tabl 21). Lsions on spals in of th Aspir tratmnt wr largr at wk 12. For Bridal Showr, no tratmnt ffcts wr sn on th lavs (Tabl 22). With th Daconil tratmnt, lsions wr smallr on guard ptals and on spals at wk 12. For Duchss d Nmours, lsions wr smallr on th untratd lavs (Tabl 23). Lsions on guard ptals wr smallr in th Aspir tratmnt only at wk 4. Acknowldgmnts Thanks and apprciation go to Rbcca Inch for hr assistanc in data collction for th prparation of this rport.

15 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Disas incidnc assssmnt of Mrs. FDR frsh-cut pony buds at 4, 8, and 12 wks of cold storag at 0-2 o C. Tratmnt 1= Control; 2= Aspir fungicid prstorag spray; 3= Daconil prstorag spray. Incidnc assssmnt is th man of 10 stms with 0=no disas and 1=disas. Tratmnt/Wk Laf 1 Laf 2 Laf 3 Spals Guard Ptals Ptals Opnnss Rating Incidnc % X Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Tratmnt ** Z NS *** NS NS * 0 *** *** *** *** NS NS Wk NS NS NS NS NS *** NS *** ** *** *** NS *** TratmntXWk NS NS NS NS NS *** NS *** *** *** ** NS NS 1-4 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks LSD 5% y 0.29 NS 0.28 NS NS NS 0.15 Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. y Last significant diffrnc at th 5% lvl of probability for th man of 10 stms. X Valus for prcnt (%) ara affctd/lsion siz ar mans of only thos stms with disas.

16 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Disas incidnc assssmnt of Waltr Faxon frsh-cut pony buds at 4, 8, and 12 wks of cold storag at 0-2 o C. Tratmnt 1= Control; 2= Aspir fungicid prstorag spray; 3= Daconil prstorag spray. Incidnc assssmnt is th man of 10 stms with 0=no disas and 1=disas. Tratmnt/Wk Laf 1 Laf 2 Laf 3 Spals Guard Ptals Ptals Opnnss Rating Incidnc % X Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Tratmnt NS Z NS * * NS NS NS *** NS ** *** NS *** Wk * * NS ** NS ** NS *** NS ** ** NS NS TratmntXWk NS NS NS NS NS NS NS *** NS ** ** NS NS 1-4 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks LSD 5% y NS 14.5 NS 11.3 NS NS 0.64 Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. y Last significant diffrnc at th 5% lvl of probability for th man of 10stms. X Valus for prcnt (%) ara affctd/lsion siz ar mans of only thos stms with disas.

17 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Disas incidnc assssmnt of Shawn Chif frsh-cut pony buds at 4, 8, and 12 wks of cold storag at 0-2 o C. Tratmnt 1=Control; 2= Aspir fungicid prstorag spray; 3= Daconil prstorag spray. Incidnc assssmnt is th man of 10 stms with 0=no disas and 1=disas. Tratmnt/Wk Laf 1 Laf 2 Laf 3 Spals Guard Ptals Ptals Opnnss Rating Incidnc % X Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Tratmnt *** Z *** NS *** * ** *** NS NS NS ** NS NS Wk *** NS NS *** NS *** *** *** * *** ** NS * TratmntXWk ** NS NS NS NS NS *** NS NS NS * NS NS 1-4 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks LSD 5% y NS NS 0.83 Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. y Last significant diffrnc at th 5% lvl of probability for th man of 10 stms. X Valus for prcnt (%) ara affctd/lsion siz ar mans of only thos stms with disas.

18 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Disas incidnc assssmnt of Sarah Brnhardt frsh-cut pony buds at 4, 8, and 12 wks of cold storag at 0-2 o C. Tratmnt 1= Control; 2= Aspir fungicid prstorag spray; 3= Daconil prstorag spray. Incidnc assssmnt is th man of 10 stms with 0=no disas and 1=disas. Tratmnt/Wk Laf 1 Laf 2 Laf 3 Spals Guard Ptals Ptals Opnnss Rating Incidnc % X Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Tratmnt NS Z NS *** NS * NS NS NS ** NS ** NS NS Wk * NS * ** NS *** NS *** ** *** *** *** * TratmntXWk NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ** ** NS NS NS 1-4 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks LSD 5% y 0.34 NS NS Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. y Last significant diffrnc at th 5% lvl of probability for th man of 10 stms. X Valus for prcnt (%) ara affctd/lsion siz ar mans of only thos stms with disas.

19 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Disas incidnc assssmnt of Dr. Alxandr Flming frsh-cut pony buds at 4, 8, and 12 wks of cold storag at 0-2 o C. Tratmnt 1= Control; 2= Aspir fungicid prstorag spray; 3= Daconil prstorag spray. Incidnc assssmnt is th man of 10 stms with 0=no disas and 1=disas. Tratmnt/Wk Laf 1 Laf 2 Laf 3 Spals Guard Ptals Ptals Opnnss Rating Incidnc % X Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Tratmnt NS Z NS NS ** NS NS * NS NS NS NS * Wk * ** * *** NS NS *** NS *** *** *** * TratmntXWk NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS NS NS 1-4 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks LSD 5% y NS 25.6 NS 12.3 NS Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. y Last significant diffrnc at th 5% lvl of probability for th man of 10 stms. X Valus for prcnt (%) ara affctd/lsion siz ar mans of only thos stms with disas.

20 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Disas incidnc assssmnt of Snow Mountain frsh-cut pony buds at 4, 8, and 12 wks of cold storag at 0-2 o C. Tratmnt 1= Control; 2= Aspir fungicid prstorag spray; 3= Daconil prstorag spray. Incidnc assssmnt is th man of 10 stms with 0=no disas and 1=disas. Tratmnt/Wk Laf 1 Laf 2 Laf 3 Spals Guard Ptals Ptals Opnnss Rating Incidnc % X Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Tratmnt NS Z *** NS ** NS * NS * NS NS NS NS NS Wk ** *** NS *** * *** *** *** *** *** *** NS ** TratmntXWk NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS *** NS NS 1-4 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks LSD 5% y NS NS 0.83 Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. y Last significant diffrnc at th 5% lvl of probability for th man of tn stms. X Valus for prcnt (%) ara affctd/lsion siz ar mans of only thos stms with disas.

21 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Disas incidnc assssmnt of Bridal Showr frsh-cut pony buds at 4, 8, and 12 wks of cold storag at 0-2 o C. Tratmnt 1= Control; 2= Aspir fungicid prstorag spray; 3= Daconil prstorag spray. Incidnc assssmnt is th man of 10 stms with 0=no disas and 1=disas. Tratmnt/Wk Laf 1 Laf 2 Laf 3 Spals Guard Ptals Ptals Opnnss Rating Incidnc % X Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Tratmnt NS Z NS NS NS NS NS NS *** NS *** NS NS *** Wk * *** NS *** NS *** NS *** NS *** *** NS ** TratmntXWk NS NS NS * NS NS NS ** NS NS NS NS NS 1-4 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks LSD 5% y NS 14.6 NS 19.9 NS 11.1 NS NS 0.67 Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. y Last significant diffrnc at th 5% lvl of probability for th man of 10 stms. X Valus for prcnt (%) ara affctd/lsion siz ar mans of only thos stms with disas.

22 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Tabl Disas incidnc assssmnt of Duchss d Nmours frsh-cut pony buds at 4, 8, and 12 wks of cold storag at 0-2 o C. Tratmnt 1= Control; 2= Aspir fungicid prstorag spray; 3= Daconil prstorag spray. Incidnc assssmnt is th man of 10 stms with 0=no disas and 1=disas. Tratmnt/Wk Laf 1 Laf 2 Laf 3 Spals Guard Ptals Ptals Opnnss Rating Incidnc % X Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Incidnc % Tratmnt NS Z ** ** ** NS NS NS NS NS *** NS NS NS Wk NS *** NS *** NS *** NS *** NS *** * NS NS TratmntXWk NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS NS NS 1-4 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks LSD 5% y NS NS 24.0 NS 14.6 NS NS NS Z ns, *, **, and ***, mans ar not significant, significant at 5% lvl of probability, highly significant at 1% lvl of probability, and vry highly significant at th 0.1% lvl of probability, rspctivly. y Last significant diffrnc at th 5% lvl of probability for th man of 10 stms. X Valus for prcnt (%) ara affctd/lsion siz ar mans of only thos stms with disas.

23 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Contribution No S from th Kansas Agricultural Exprimnt Station. Trad nams ar usd to idntify products. No ndorsmnt is intndd, nor is any criticism implid of similar products not mntiond. Ths matrials may b frly rproducd for ducational purposs. All othr rights rsrvd. In ach, cas, giv crdit to th author(s), nam of work, Kansas Stat Univrsity, and th dat th work was publishd.

24 This publication from th Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic has bn archivd. Currnt information is availabl from Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic, Manhattan SRP 866 Novmbr 2000 It is th policy of Kansas Stat Univrsity Agricultural Exprimnt Station and Cooprativ Extnsion Srvic that all prsons shall hav qual opportunity and accss to its ducational programs, srvics, activitis, and matrials without rgard to rac, color, rligion, national origin, sx, ag, or disability. Kansas Stat Univrsity is an qual opportunity organization. Ths matrials may b availabl in altrnativ formats. 500