Maf] Grower Self-Assessment Workbook.

Transcription

1 Maf] JmklYafYZd] Mala[mdlmj] af l`] EFIK?<8JK Growr Slf-Assssmnt Workbook Alic Wis Snior Extnsion Rsourc Educator, Viticultur, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Suffolk County Tim Martinson Snior Extnsion Associat in Viticultur, Cornll Univrsity Production Fundd by: Jami Hawk Sustainabl Viticultur Educator, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Yats County Tim Wigl Snior Extnsion Associat in Grap IPM, NYS IPM Program, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion Libby Tarlton Viticultur Program Assistant, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Suffolk County Nw York Win and Grap Foundation 1

2 Nw York Agricultural Environmntal Managmnt Program Tir 2 Assssmnt Workshts for Vinyards Th Sustainabl Viticultur Workbook is rcognizd and ndorsd by th Agricultural Environmntal Managmnt (AEM) Program of th Nw York Stat Soil & Watr Consrvation Committ and Nw York Stat Dpartmnt of Agricultur & Markts as th official Tir 2 Assssmnt Workshts for vinyards. For mor information about th AEM Program: Nw York s AEM Program is a voluntary, incntiv-basd program that hlps farm oprators mak common-sns, cost-ffctiv and scincbasd dcisions that hlp mt businss objctivs whil protcting and consrving th stat s natural rsourcs. Strong partnrships at th local, stat and fdral lvls hav ld to th growing succss of AEM, linking xisting agricultural and natural rsourc srvic agncis togthr with th farmr as a cooprativ tam. As th umbrlla program for all of Nw York s agricultural consrvation fforts, AEM also lays th groundwork for participation in othr stat, fdral and locally administrd programs. With clos to 10,000 farms nrolld in 54 countis across th stat, AEM is continually xpanding as nw assssmnt tools ar tailord to mt th nds of all typs and sizs of agricultural oprations. 3

3 Sustainabl Viticultur Workbook String Committ Bill Dalrympl, Dalrympl Farms, Nw York Stat Win Grap Growrs, Ovid, NY Tom Davnport, Dirctor of Viticultur, National Grap Cooprativ, Wstfild, NY Richard Figil, Silvr Thrad Vinyards, Lodi, NY Timothy Martinson, Fingr Laks Grap Program, Pnn Yan, NY Tim Moor, Dirctor of Growr Rlations, Cntrra Win, Napls, NY Jns Ruthnbrg, Pllgrini Vinyards, Cutchogu, NY John Santos, Hazlitt 1852 Vinyards, Hctor, NY Bn Sisson, McCall Vinyards, Cutchogu, NY Rob Smith, National Grap Cooprativ, Wstfild, NY Jff Tn Eyck, Associat Environmntal Analyst, NYS Soil and Watr Consrvation Committ, Groton, NY Lstr Travis, NYS Soil and Watr Consrvation Committ, Himrod, NY Tim Wigl, NYS IPM Program and Lak Eri Rgional Grap Program, Frdonia, NY Wayn Wilcox, Dpt. Plant Pathology, NYS Agricultural Exprimnt Station, Gnva, NY Alic Wis, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Suffolk County, Rivrhad, NY 4

4 Introduction This workbook is dsignd to provid grap growrs in Nw York and othr rgions of th northastrn Unitd Stats with guidanc in valuating and adopting bst managmnt practics that minimiz nvironmntal impacts, rduc conomic risks, and protct workr halth and safty. Ths practics includ: soil managmnt to rduc rosion, runoff and laching; us of intgratd pst managmnt (IPM) practics for insct, disas, and wd managmnt; nutrint managmnt, with a particular focus on nitrogn us; psticid managmnt and spray tchnology; and cultural practics usd in viticultur. Viticultur in Nw York and th Northast is divrs. Win and juic grap varitis ar drawn from thr gnral classs of cultivars - nativ Labruscatyp graps, Vitis vinifra, and intrspcific hybrids (also known as Frnch Hybrids ). Ths cultivars hav diffrnt growth habits, training systms, and disas and insct suscptibility, and ar grown for diffrnt markts from commodity-pricd bulk win and juic graps to prmium statgrown win graps. Morovr, th major grap growing rgions Lak Eri, Fingr Laks, and Long Island hav uniqu soils, slops, and climats that gratly influnc bst managmnt practics. Th workbook s format and contnt volvd from two prvious fforts. Th Long Island Sustainabl Viticultur Program draft workbook was dvlopd by Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Suffolk County and th Nw York Agricultural Environmntal Managmnt (AEM) vinyard workshts dvlopd by th Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion Fingr Laks Grap Program and th Yats County Soil and Watr Consrvation District. This workbook rprsnts a synthsis of ths two prvious fforts. Qustions wr dvlopd with input from th industry string committ in svn confrncs during th wintr of As a rsult, th workbook is dsignd to srv as a rfrnc for all growrs across Nw York from bulk Concord and hybrid producrs to prmium V. vinifra growrs. It has also bn adoptd as th Nw York Stat AEM Tir 2 workshts for vinyards. W hop this workbook will provid grap growrs throughout Nw York with a valuabl rsourc for idntifying and adopting practics that protct th nvironmnt, ar conomically viabl, and protct workr s halth and safty. Th imptus for dvloping this workbook cam from industry groups across Nw York Stat and from all industry sgmnts from juic grap cooprativs and larg winris basd in th Fingr Laks and Lak Eri to th small-winry sgmnt in th Fingr Laks and on Long Island. All of ths groups, rprsntd on th string committ, wr looking for a way to promot and documnt th us of sustainabl production practics by growrs, procssors and winris. 5

5 Prfac Th Sustainabl Viticultur Workbook culminats a collaborativ ffort that ngagd all aspcts of th grap and win industris across Nw York Stat. It includd growrs, procssor and winry rprsntativs, Cornll viticultur and cooprativ xtnsion staff mmbrs, and Nw York Stat s Soil and Watr Consrvation Committ. It was th first tim such broad rprsntation from Long Island to th Lak Eri rgion workd togthr in such a significant way. Nw York s grap industry rprsnts divrs rgions, varitis, and nd products. Th assmbld group includd thos intrstd in win, juic, and tabl graps as wll as producrs of organically grown graps. This inclusiv group workd tirlssly to rach consnsus on th many issus associatd with Nw York s varid production bas. Th workbook is intndd to hlp producrs mt th incrasing nvironmntal and social challngs facing th industry. As th concpt of sustainabl viticultur was bing xplord, participants agrd that th practics dvlopd must b conomically, nvironmntally, and socially sustainabl. Th workbook was dsignd so producrs can assss thir farm s position rgarding th sustainabl practics that wr dvlopd. To hlp producrs improv practics, it was important that th workbook srv as a masurmnt tool as wll as an ducational tool. It was not dsignd to compar on producr s practics to anothr s. As tim gos on thr will b nw and volving sustainabl practics and thos will nd to b incorporatd into th workbook. What w all clarly rcognizd was our dsir and nd to b good stwards of our prcious rsourcs. By doing so, w can b profitabl today and lav a lgacy for gnrations to com. Tom Davnport Dirctor of Viticultur National Grap Cooprativ 6

6 Acknowldgmnts This workbook rprsnts th collaborativ fforts of many organizations, faculty and cooprativ xtnsion spcialists from Cornll Univrsity, th Agricultural Environmntal Managmnt (AEM) Program of th Nw York Stat Soil & Watr Consrvation Committ and Nw York Stat Dpartmnt of Agricultur & Markts, and growrs rprsnting many procssor and winry groups across Nw York, with financial support from a numbr of funding agncis ovr svral yars. Svral California, Orgon and Washington Stat programs providd a modl for this ffort. Major inspiration cam from Wst-coast programs, notably th Orgon LIVE program, Cntral Coast Positiv Points systm, Washington s VinWis program and particularly th Lodi-Woodbridg Wingrap Commission s Lodi Wingrowr s Workbook: A slf-assssmnt of Intgratd Farming Practics. Dr. Cliff Ohmart, Rsarch/ IPM Dirctor for th Lodi-Woodbridg Wingrap Commission, providd support for our fforts in Nw York. Th original Long Island Sustainabl Practics workbook was dvlopd in by Alic Wis, Grap Spcialist with Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Suffolk County, with assistanc from th following organizing committ mmbrs: Allan Connll, USDA Natural Rsourcs Consrvation Srvic, Rivrhad; Ron Gorlr, Jamsport Vinyards, Jamsport/Cutchogu; Stphn Mudd, Mudd s Vinyard, Southold; Jns Ruthnbrg, Pllgrini Vinyards, Cutchogu; Andy Snsac, Wd Spcialist, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Suffolk County, Rivrhad; Bn Sisson, Raphal, Pconic; Libby Tarlton, Grap Program Assistant, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Suffolk County; and Dav Thompson, Bdll Cllars, Cutchogu. Th Long Island Agricultural Stwardship Working Group, a committ of cross-commodity growrs and agncy prsonnl cratd guidlins, calld th Long Island Agricultural Environmntal Managmnt Workshts, which focusd on protcting groundwatr. Th psticid managmnt sction of th Sustainabl Viticultur guidlins was in larg part takn from th Long Island AEM Workshts. Rgion 2 of th US EPA providd funding for th cration of th guidlins. In particular, w wish to thank Rgional Ag Policy Spcialist Ms. Audry Moor for hr support and intrst. Th othr sourc for this workbook was th Agricultural Environmntal Managmnt Workshts for Vinyards, dvlopd in 1998 by Tim Martinson, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion Ara Grap Spcialist with th Fingr Laks Grap Program, and Tom Eskildsn and Ls Travis of th Yats County Soil and Watr Consrvation District (SWCD). A grant ntitld Th Kuka Lak Looking Ahad Agricultural Environmntal Managmnt Projct, by Ptr Landr, CCE of Yats County Watr Quality Spcialist, and Ls Travis, Yats SWCD, rcivd funding through th NY Stat Sction 319 AEM Planning Grants Program. Th ffort was supportd by th Nw York Stat Soil and Watr Consrvation Committ of th NYS Dpartmnt of Agricultur and Markts. Our thanks to th numrous popl who rviwd txt and providd input on th workbook: from Cornll Univrsity, NYS Agricultural Exprimnt Station, Dr. Wayn Wilcox, Dr. Tom Burr (both Plant Pathology), Dr. Grg Lob (Entomology) and Dr. Andrw Landrs (Entomology/Biological and Environmntal Enginring joint appointmnt in Ithaca); from Cornll Univrsity, Ithaca, Dr. Lailiang Chng (Horticultural Scincs), Mr. Paul Curtis (Natural Rsourcs) and Mr. Bill Smith (Pst Managmnt Education Program); Mr. Mark Chin, Southastrn PA Wingrap Extnsion Agnt, Pnn Stat (Chin was on of th original crators of th Orgon LIVE program); and Mr. Dan Gilrin, Entomologist, Cornll Cooprativ Extnsion of Suffolk County. Mmbrs of th Sustainabl Viticultur String Committ (listd lswhr) rviwd th ntir workbook in svn tlconfrncs in Dcmbr 2005 and January Major funding for dvloping this workbook was providd by an Extnsion Innovation Grant from th Nw York Farm Viability Institut, a Risk Managmnt Education grant from th Northast Cntr for Risk Managmnt Education, and industry funding through Lak Eri Rgional Grap Program, Inc, and th Nw York Win and Grap Foundation. Spcial thanks to Tom Davnport, Dirctor of Viticultur, National Grap Cooprativ, for idntifying funding sourcs for starting this projct. Finally, w would lik to thank Ls Travis and Jff Tn Eyck, Environmntal Analysts with th Stat Soil and Watr Consrvation Committ and th NY Dpartmnt of Agricultur and Markts, for thir support of this workbook and its intgration into th Nw York Agricultural Environmntal Managmnt program. 7

7 How to Us this Workbook This workbook contains 134 qustions in 8 sctions. Th qustions addrss issus or practics that ar important to good vinyard managmnt. Each qustion is followd by 4 options ordrd on a sustainabl scal, with 1 bing th most dsird (i.. most sustainabl) option and 4 bing th last. Th qustions ar dsignd to hlp you valuat all aras of your currnt managmnt practics, with ach chaptr covring a diffrnt production ara. A sampl qustion is prsntd on pag 9. Qustions ar oftn followd by a short sidbar dsignd to furthr xplain th rational bhind th promotd practics and provid additional rsourcs rlatd to th topics. Whn rading through th possibl answr options, w rcommnd starting at option #4 and moving toward option #1, choosing th option that your currnt practic fully ncompasss. If you find that your prsnt practic compriss part, but not all, of an answr, choos th highr scor. For instanc, if you prsntly prform only two of th thr practics ncssary to assss yourslf a scor of 2 on a crtain qustion, scor yourslf a 3 on that qustion. Your scors will provid a baslin from which to dvlop an action plan and assss improvmnt aftr implmntation of your plan. It s important to not that this is not a tst, and thr ar no wrong answrs. Simply choos th answr that bst dscribs what you do. In answring th qustions, it may b hlpful to think of a particular vinyard block rathr than a rang of diffrnt blocks and varitis. W rcogniz that diffrnt varitis may rquir diffrnt managmnt approachs. Som of th qustions in th workbook may not b applicabl to your farm, so you can skip th qustions that don t apply to you and mark NA on th scor sht. Canopy managmnt qustions applicabl to vinifra graps, for xampl, will not b applicabl to Concord production. Similarly, if you don t us irrigation, you can skip th irrigation sction. A scor sht is providd for you to rcord your rsponss to th qustions. Action Plan. Onc you hav compltd th workbook, th nxt stp is to dvlop an action plan basd on th rsults of your slf-assssmnt that will addrss th practics that you bliv you can ffctivly modify within th financial and managmnt capacity of your farm. Concntrat on th issus whr you scord thr or four, with th goal of modifying your practics to rach th mor sustainabl on or two rating. Th action plan is yours, and only you will know what is practical and possibl on your farm. Plas not that this workbook is not a production guid. Managing vinyards is a complx ntrpris involving numrous sit and varity-spcific practics and wathr conditions, along with skill and xprinc in making dcisions. Not all qustions will apply to your vinyard, nor ar th options listd for managmnt th only possibl solutions. You ar th prson most familiar with your sit and most suitd to dciding what is applicabl to your situation. 8

8 Exampl: r g n n g m n r a a A Thr is littl absorption of N by roots prior to budbrak. Th soil is cold and roots ar inactiv. Early vin growth dpnds almost ntirly on N stord in th woody parts of th vin. It is unclar whthr pr-budbrak application of slowr rlas organic frtilizrs confrs an advantag in trms of N availability to th plant. Exampl: Our growr applis nitrogn in th spring in on application about 1 1/2 wks bfor bloom. Basd on this practic, th growr slcts 2. Slf-assssmnt scors can b rcordd in th Your Rank column following ach qustion and/or on th Workbook Scorsht includd with this workbook. In dciding whthr or not to modify currnt practic to rach th 1 lvl, th growr will hav to considr whthr th bnfits (.g. incrasd fficincy in timing and rats of nitrogn frtilizr application and th associatd potntial savings) outwigh th drawbacks (.g. incrasd labor, tractor us and othr potntial costs). 9