BMR Phytomedicine. Research Article

Transcription

1 BMR Phytomdicin Rsarch Articl Opn Accss Scintific Publishr Wild Edibl plants Usd for Indignous Community of North Coastal Andhra Pradsh, India. ABSTRACT S. Satyavani, K. Satyavathi, S. Dvi Soundarya S. B Padal, Dpartmnt Of Botany, Andhra Univrsity, Visakhapatnam , Andhra Pradsh. Corrspondnc should b addrssd to S. B Padal, Rcivd April 06, 2015; Accptd April 30, 2015; Publishd July 15, 2015; Copyright: 2015 S.B Padal,t al. This is an opn accss articl distributd undr th Crativ Commons Attribution Licns, which prmits unrstrictd us, distribution, and rproduction in any mdium, providd th original work is proprly citd. Cit This Articl:Satyavani, S.,Satyavathi, K., Dvi Soundarya, S., B Padal, S. (2015). Wild Edibl plants Usd for Indignous Community of North Coastal Andhra Pradsh, India,BMRPhytomdicin 2(1).1-7 Plants provid most of th food products consumd by indignous popl in tropical countris. A study of wild dibl plants in th tribs of North-coastal Andhra Pradsh was carrid out to assss thir conomic importanc. Eighty spcis blonging to 43 familis. Among thm 33 wr trs, 17 shrubs, 5 climbrs, hrbs 18, Crass 4, and vins 3. Som dibl plants hav grat conomic valu and ar highly linkd with socio-conomic dvlopmnt of tribal communitis of th stat. Th importanc of documnting th us of wild dibl spcis in this hotspot rgion is spcially important bcaus of rapid loss of biodivrsity du to anthropognic disturbanc. Th outcom of th prsnt study may b hlpful to hav an undrstanding and thus mak a consrvation stratgy of th wild dibl spcis KEYWORDS:thnobotany, indignous community, tribal popl, north coastal andhrapradsh, wild dibl plants INTRODUCTION Ethnobotany is th study of th intrrlations of primitiv man and plants (Faulks 1958). It also dals with studis among th tribal and rural popl for rcording thir uniqu knowldg about plant walth and for sarch of nw rsourcs of hrbal drugs, dibl plants and othr aspcts of plants. A scintific study of wild fruits is important for th potntial sourcs which could b utilizd at th tim of scarcity or during normal days or cultivatd as a sourc of food matrial for an vr incrasing population (Rashid t al.2008). Fruits hav satisfactory dibl protins with high quality so that w can us thm in food industris and as nutrition. Fruits ar gnrally high in fibr, watr, vitamin C and sugars. From ancint tim dibl wild fruits playd a vry vital part in supplmnting th dit of th popl. Although th us of wild fruits has rcntly dcrasd, many popl in rural aras still us thm xtnsivly as a supplmnt to thir basic food rquirmnt, som ar prsrvd for us during priods of scarcity, thy ar somtim sold in th urban markt and ar thn in comptition with xotic fruits.( Manyafu, J.L. 1971). Aborigins consum a main stapl dit and it is supportd with supplmntary wild foods. Ths spcis ar consumd by various communitis dpnding on th local availability. Various prparations of plant spcis ar prpard and sold in tribal markts. PM 12 Volum 2 Issu

2 BMR Phytomdicin Tribals and local communitis hav accurat knowldg of wild food rsourcs du to thir long association with natur. Jain and Sinha (1988) rportd food rsourcs from Indian aborigins. Nn (2004) rportd 300 divrs plant spcis blonging to 90 familis utilizd as food rsourcs during famin. Usually ths wild spcis ar not in cultivation. Tribal communitis in Maharashtra dpnd upon agricultural food grains. It is insufficint to maintain thir familis. To mak up for th shortag of food grains thy hav to dpnd on wild food plants to supplmnt thir dit. Kulkarni and Kumbhojkar (1992) gathrd information on unconvntional wild fruits plants with appropriat mthods from Mahadokoli trib of Wstrn Maharashtra. STUDY AREA Ethnobotanical survy was conductd inintrior tribal aras of Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaramand Srikakulamdistricts of Andhra Pradsh stat during Th mphasis laid on th Northcoastal Andhra Pradsh is situatd btwn 81 51'and 84 46' E and 19 9' and 17 14' N. It falls undr 23mandalsof Srikakulam, Vizianagaramand Visakhapatnam districts situatd on th North coastal rgion of Andhra Pradsh covring an ara of 8734 Km 2. Th prdominant tribal communitis inhabiting th study ara ar Bagata, Konda Dora, Valmiki, KondaKammara, Mali, Kotia, Khond, Jatapu, Muka Dora, Gadaba, Porja, Khond and Savarastc,. Th frsh wild fruits collctd by th womn s from surrounding forst. Tribal popl using wild plant spcis for food, foddr, shltr and mdicin for human and animal. Som of th undrutilizd wild dibl food plants hav grat potntial for adding nutrition to basic dit. Studis on nutritional valu of wild dibl plant spcis ar significantly considrd. It may hlp to idntify ancstral knowldg of food rsourcs. Som of th undrutilizd wild dibl food plants hav grat potntial in proximat chmicals lik Protin, Carbohydrats, Vitamins and Minrals. Fw of wild food rsourcs ar availabl in abundanc during particular sason. Propr prsrvation and procssing mthods nd to b standardizd on low cost, usr frindly prsrvation and scintific procssing tchniqus for yar round availability for consumption. discussions wr mad with th local villagrs, which includd farmrs, hrdsmn, shphrds, houswivs and childrn Th indignous knowldg rcivd from thm was notd in spcial fild books. Liv spcimns and availabl photographs wr shown to thm for local idntification. Th fruits wr prsrvd and idntifid with th hlp of availabl litratur. (Hookr ; Cook 1967 (Rpr.) Singh and Karthikyan 2000, Singh t al. 2001, Yadav and Sardsai (2002).Furthr confirmation from dpartmnt of botany, Andhra Univrsity.Th information about th wild dibl fruits givn by mntioning thr botanical nam, family, common nam, flowring and fruiting, and thir uss. Th collctd fruits ar thn drid and prsrvd for furthr biochmical analysis. Photographs of som important spcimns ar takn for furthr dtails. Plants wr idntifid using rlvant scintific litratur. 2 METHODOLOGY Svral fild trips wr undrtakn throughout th district at diffrnt sasons and collct mor information. To assss th traditional knowldg on wild dibl fruits, frqunt intractions and PM12 Volum 2 Issu

3 BMR Phytomdicin Tabl 1:Ethnomdicinal plants usd wild Edibl in North coastal Andhra Pradsh. Botanical nam Local nam Family Habitat Usd as Ablmoscusmoschatus Kasturibnda Malvac shrub Tndr lavs shoots dibl Mdic Acacia nilotica (L.)Dl., Nallatumma Mimosac Tr Cookd as vgtabl Amaranthusspinosus L. Mullathotaku Amaranthac Hrb Cookd as vgtabl ra Annona rticulat L. Ramaphalam Annonac Small tr Fruit is dibl u Annonasquamosa L. Sitaphalamu Annonac Small tr Fruit is dibl Artocarpushtrophyllus Panasa Morac Tr Usd as vgtabl Lam. BambusaarundinacaWil Bonguvduru Poac Woody grass Grains ar atn ld. Bauhinia purpura Linn. Dvakanchan am Csalpiniac Tr Lavs & young shoots ar usd as vgtabl Bauhinia Addaku Csalpiniac Woody climbr Boild sds ar dibl vahliiwight&ain Bnincasahispida Budidagumm Cucurbitac Climbing hrb Sds ar dibl (Thunb) adi Borassusflabllifr Linn Tatichttu Arcac Tr Sds, tndrs shoot fruits ar dibl Capsicum annuum L. Mirapakaya Solanac Hrb Usd in curris Carica papaya Linn Boppayi Caricac Small tr Fruits ar dibl Cntllaasiatica(L) Saraswahiaku Umbllifra Crping hrb Lavs ar dibl Colocasisculnta (L) Chmadump Arac Hrb Tubrs ar dibl Schoot. a CordiadichotomaForst. Bankiriki Boraginaca Tr Fruits ar dibl Dioscoraanguina L. Rasa tga Dioscorac Vin Tubrs ar dibl Dioscorapntaphylla L. Duk Dioscorac Vin Tubrs ar dibl pndalam DioscoratomntosaHy Pindidumpa Dioscorac Vin Tubrs ar dibl n. DiospyrousbunumJ.Ko Tuki Ebnac Tr Fruits ar dibl ng DiospyrousxsculptaBuc Chillitumuk Ebnac Tr Fruits ar dibl h DiospyroussylvaticaRox Gadaluti Ebnac Tr Fruits ar dibl b Dryptsspiaria(Wight &Arn) Bra Euphorbiac Tr Fruits ar dibl Elusincoracana (L.) Ragulu Poac Grass Grain ar dibl Grtn EmblikaofficinalisGrt Kondausiri Euphorbiac Tr Fruits ar dibl PM 12 Volum 2 Issu

4 BMR Phytomdicin n. FicusauriculataLour. Rachabodda Morac Tr Fruits ar dibl FicuspalmataForsk. Manchimdi` Morac Shrub Fruits ar dibl Flacourtiaindica Kanrgu Flacourtiac Shrub Fruits ar dibl (Burm.f.)Mrr. Flacourtiaromanchi L Pulivlaga Flacourtiac Tr Fruits ar dibl Garciniaspictata Pidutha Clusiac Tr Fruits ar dibl (Wt&Arn) GarugapinnataRoxb. Pdhachttu Bursrac Tr Fruits ar dibl Glycosmispntaphylla (Rtz.) Kukkavamint a Rutac Shrub Fruits ar dibl GrwiaflaviscnsJuss. Bankajana Tiliac Tr Fruits ar dibl GrwiahirsutaVahl Jibilika Tiliac Tr Fruits ar dibl GrwiatilifoliaVahl. Thada Tiliac Tr Fruits ar dibl Grwiavillosa.Willd Pothadi Tiliac Shrub Fruits ar dibl HolostmmaadakodianSchult. Palagurugu Asclpiadac Shrub Lavs, flowrs & fruits ar dibl HomoniaripariaLour. Taninki Euphorbiac Shrub Tndr laf tops ar dibl Impatins balsamina L. Ntigorinta Balsaminac Hrb Sds ar dibl IndigofracassiodisRott Siralli Fabac Shrub Flowrs ar dibl l. Ipoma aquatic Forsk Thutikua Convolvulac Hrb Young trminal shoots & Lavs ar dibl Jatrophamultifida L. Paala Euphorbiac Shrub Tubrous roots ar dibl Lablab purpurus (L.) Chikkudu Fabac Hrb Grn pods & sds ar dibl Lagnariasicraria Anapakaya Cucurbitac Climbing hrb Sds ar dibl (Molina) Laindica (Burm.f.) Anakadosa Lac Shrub Frsh shoots ar dibl Lucnalucocphala (Lamk.) Thumma Mimosac Tr Young fruits & sd ar dibl Limoniaacidissima L. Vlaga Rutac Tr Fruits ar dibl 4 Luffaacutangula (L.) Bra Cucurbitac Climbr Young tndr fruit ar dibl s Lycoprosiconsculntu m Mill. Tomato Solanac Hrb Fruits ar dibl MadhukaindicaJ.F.Gml Ippachttu Sapotac Tr Flowrs ar dibl Marsliaminuta (L) Chadamamak ura Marsliaca Crpr Stalks & lavs ar dibl PM12 Volum 2 Issu

5 BMR Phytomdicin Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Chandra Nictaginac Hrb Lavs & Stms ar dibl kanth NlumbonucifraGrtn. Kamalam Nlumbona c Hrb Rhizoms, sds & young lavs ar dibl Opuntiadillnii Auct.Pl Nagajmudu Cactac Shrub Fruits &Stm ar dibl Oxalis corniculata L. Pulichintaku Oxalidac Hrb Lavs ar dibl PavoniaorodataWilld. Chittibnda Malvac Shrub Fruits &Flowrs ar dibl Phonix sylvstris Eta Aricac Palm Fruits ar dibl (L.)Roxb. Psidiumgaujava L. Jama Myrtac Tr Fruits ar dibl Purariatubrosa DC Rivahypocratriformis Dsr. Dharigumma di Bodditga Fabac Climbing shrub Tubrous roots Convolvulac Twining shrub Lavs & young shoots ar dibl Sagittariasagittifolia L. Ntimokka Alismataca ScuringalucopyrusW Tllapurugud Euphorbiac illd. u Hrb Shrub Tubrs ar dibl Fruits ar dibl Ssbaniagrandiflora (L.) Avisachttu Fabac Small tr Fruits&tndr lavs ar dibl Poir. Solanumnigram L. Kamanchi Solanac Hrb Ripn fruits ar dibl Spondiaspinnata (L.f.) Adavimamidi Anacardiac Tr Fruits ar dibl Prlim Struliafotida.L. Gurrapubada Strculiaca Tr Sds ar dibl m Syzygiumjambos Jambunrudu Myrtac Tr Fruits ar dibl (Linn.) Talinumportulacifolium Cylon Portulacaca Hrb Lavs & stms ar dibl (Forsk)Asch&schwinf Bachli Tamarindusindica Chinta Csalpiniac Tr Fruit pulp ar dibl L.Sp.Pl Thmdatriandra Grass Poac Tuftd grass Grains ar dibl (Forssk) Trticumstivum L. Goduma Poac Tuftd grass Grains ar dibl Trwianudiflora L. Eruponak Euphorbiac Small tr Fruits ar dibl TyphaangustataBory&C Jammugaddi Arac Hrb Shoots & inflorscnc ar dibl haub. Typhoniumtrilobatum L. Duradakanda Arac Hrb Tubrs ar dibl gadda Wattakakavolubilis (L.f) Dudipala Asclpiadac Woody twinr Lavs, flowrs & unripn fruits Stap.f ar dibl Wrightiaarbora Kondaanuku Apocynaca Tr Tndr lavs &fruits ar dibl (Dnnst.) du Xanthium strumarium Marulamathi Astrac Shrub Sd oil is dibl Linn. ngi Ximnia Amricana Kondanakkr Olac Tr Fruits ar dibl PM 12 Volum 2 Issu

6 BMR Phytomdicin Linn, a Ziziphushorrida Roth. Rgu Rhamnaca Ziziphusonoplia (L.) Parimi Rhamnaca Tr Shrub Fruits ar dibl Fruits ar dibl 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th history of indignous knowldg as an old as th human rac. This knowldg has always bn vry important for th popl who gnrat it. It is a mattr of survival for thm. Many scintists, rsarchrs and nvironmntalists all ovr th world ar now striving to xplor, documnt and us th rsourc bas knowldg for th wlfar of th widr human rac. Documntation of traditional knowldg rlatd to plant rsourcs is known as thnobotany. Analysis of information prsntd in (Tabl 1) indicats that North coastal Districts of Andhra pradsh, posssss rich knowldg about th plant rsourcs around thm. A total of 80 angiosprm plant taxa blonging to 68 gnra of 43 familis hav bn idntifid and rcordd for thnobotanical uss. Out of th 43 familis Euphorbiac 6, Fabac 4, Poac 4, Tiliac 4, Morac 3, Casalpiniac 3, Cucurbitac 3, Arcac 3, Solanac 3, Diascoriac 3, Arac 3, Ebnac 3, Malvac 2, Mimosac 2, Annonac 2, and Flacourtiac 2. Out of th total 80 flowring spcis, among thm 33 wr trs, 17 shrubs, 5 climbrs, hrbs 18, Crass 4, and vins 3. Th study showd that trs wr dominating th forst. Th dibl parts ar consumd in many diffrnt ways. Som of thm nd only th washing of th part of th plant and som othrs imply a mor or lss complx prparation procss. Narly 47% of plants with dibl lavs, roots or fruits ar atn aftr cooking. On th othr hand, many dibl fruits ar dirctly consumd. Th immns richnss of botanical rsourcs with statistics worldwid showd that only a vry small fraction of plant rsourcs has yt bn utilizd by th human rac. Evn whatvr littl is known, is mainly about som of th high r plants (Schults 1963). India is rcognizd as on of th four major mga biodivrsity of Asia. Majority of its forsts ar in Himalayan rgion, which although covrs only 18% of th gographical ara of th country, but accounts for mor than 50% of India s forst covr and 40% of spcis ndmism. Th climatic, topographic and soil divrsity of this rgion has rsultd into th occurrnc of svral valuabl and conomically important plants. In India mor than 3000 wild plants ar usd as subsidiary food and vgtabls by various communitis (Anonymous 1994). PM12 Volum 2 Issu CONCLUSSION Th rtntion of knowldg by both young and agd popl on th uss of th wild dibl fruits attsts to th continuing importanc of ths natural rsourcs for subsistnc and as a part of th cultural hritag of th Khasis. In gnral, popl of this rgion ar wll vrsd in th folk nams of thno botanical plants. Evaluation of th natur and th potntial of ths plants should procd from a broad prspctiv. First, all thno botanical and indignous plants of this ara rquir gratr valuation of nutritional, pharmacological, and toxicological proprtis. Intrprtation of scintific data must b don in th contxt of th nutritional and subsistnc nds of Khasis. Furthr rsarch nds to b focusd on th basic biology of th plants. Much rmains to b undrstood of thir systmatic, rproductiv biology, cology and biogography. Invstigations ar ndd into productivity, harvst ability and rgnration status of wild dibl plant spcis. Surly it maks no sns to advocat xploitation that lads to dstruction and limination of th plants. sns to advocat xploitation that lads to dstruction and limination of th plants. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Th authors ar thankful to th local halrs and forst officials who shard thir viws for thir valuabl information on Ethnomdicin in th study ara. W ar also thankful to th authoritis of various hrbaria and musums for thir hlp and coopration xtndd in svral ways. REFERENCE [1] H.S. Bist and S.D. Sharma (2005). ISSHS actahorticultur 696: VII.Intrnational Symposium on tmprat zon fruits in th tropics and subtropics. [2] Cook T. (1967).Th Flora of th Prsidncy of Bombay. Vol. I, II, III. Botanical Survy of India. Culcutta. [3] Hookr J. D. ( ). Th Flora of British India. Vol. I VII. London. [4] J.L. Manyafu, (1971). Acta Hort. (ISHS) 21:93-96 [5] F. Mngistu.and H. Hagr (2008). Ethnobotany Rsarch and Applications 6: [6] M. Nitzla, G. Nitzla, Q Tianb, S. Stvn and I. konczaka (2007). Nativ Australian

7 BMR Phytomdicin Innovativ food scinc and mrging tcnologis, vol.8 (3): [7] A. Rashid, V.K. Anand, and J. Srwar (2008). Intrnat.J. of Bot.4 (2): [8] Sankaram, M., Jayprakash, Singh, N.P. and suklabaidya (2006). Wild dibl fruits of tripura. Natural product radianc, vol.5 (4): [9] Singh N. P. and Karthikyan S. (2000). Flora of Maharashtra Stat Dicotyldons Vol. I. Botanical Survy of India. Calcutta. [10] Garbyal, S.S., A. Grovr, K.K. Agarwal and C. R. Babu Traditional phytomdicinal knowldg of Bhotias of Dharchula in Pithorghar. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowldg 6(2): [11] Thurston, E Casts and Tribs of Southrn India. Govmmnt of Madras Prsidncy. [12] Raghavaiah, V Andhra Pradsh Tribal Enquiry Committ Rport, Govrnmnt of Andhra Pradsh, Hydrabad. [13] Janakiammal, E.K Th Scop and functions of th rorganizd Botanical Survy of India. Scinc and Cultur 20: [14] Naidu, M.T., N.C. Babu, O.A. Kumar & M. Vnkaiah Hrbal rmdis for Rhumatoid arthritis usd by th tribs of Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradsh. Journal of Non-Timbr Forst Products 19(4): [15] Sudhakar, S. & R.S. Rao Mdicinal plants of Uppr East Godavari District, Andhra Pradsh, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 7(2): [16] Sudhakar, A. & S. Vdavathy Wild dibl plants usd by th tribals of Chittor District (Andhra Pradsh), India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 23(2): [17] Vnkaiah, M Ethnobotany of som plants from Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradsh. Flora and Fauna 4: [18] Babu, N. C., M. T. Naidu & M. Vnkaiah Ethnomdicinal plants usd by th tribs of Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradsh. Annals of Pharmacy and Pharmacutical Scincs 2(1&2): 1-4. [19] Naidu, M.T., N.C. Babu& M. Vnkaiah Ethnic rmdis against snak bit from Kotia hills of Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradsh, India. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Rsourcs 4(2): [20] Padal, S.B., P.P. Murty, D.S. Rao& M. Vnkaiah Ethnobotanical Studis on Padru Division, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradsh, India. Journal of Phytology 2(8): PM 12 Volum 2 Issu