New species of Bulbophyllum from eastern Malesia (Orchidaceae)

Transcription

1 Nordic Journal of Botany 26: , 2008 doi: /j x, # The Authors. Journal compilation # Nordic Journal of Botany 2008 Subject Editor: Henrik Ærenlund Perdersen. Accepted 12 August 2008 New species of Bulbophyllum from eastern Malesia (Orchidaceae) J. J. Vermeulen J. J. Vermeulen (vermeulen@nhn.leidenuniv.nl), Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden Branch, PO Box 9514, NL2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. Thirty-eight new species of Bulbophyllum are described; thirty-seven of these are from New Guinea, the remaining species is assumed to have originated from Ceram; notes on additional miscellaneous species from New Guinea are provided. The island of New Guinea is politically divided into two. The western half, formerly Netherlands New Guinea, is today a province of Indonesia. It was recently renamed Papua after having previously been known as Irian Jaya. The eastern part of the island constitutes the independent state Papua New Guinea. The wealth of biodiversity of New Guinea is phenomenal, and the island remains one of the last wilderness frontiers in the Malesian region. Unfortunately, it is increasingly being encroached upon as rich natural resources, particularly timber and mineral ores, are exploited. Unfortunately, the exploration of New Guinea s wonderful biodiversity lags behind at a time when knowledge of the most important diversity hot spots is crucial if policies are to be developed to conserve them. I fear that the present relentless pillage of the island s natural resources will lead to the annihilation of much of its unique biodiversity even before it has been scientifically documented. As for orchids, the plants that seem to have such an extraordinary appeal to the conservationist and layman alike, the taxonomic knowledge available lies scattered over a number of publications, some of which are not easily accessible. The CD-rom series Orchids of New Guinea (Schuiteman and de Vogel 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, in prep.) provides a synopsis of the information available so far. Four volumes have been published, a fifth and sixth are in preparation. The final volume will deal with the genus Bulbophyllum, the largest genus in the area with about 600 species known. Presented here is an anthology of thirty-seven new species of Bulbophyllum from New Guinea, selected from among many more novelties within the genus, extant in the collections at Leiden (L) and elsewhere. It is as vivid a testimony to the incredible wealth of biodiversity of New Guinea, and to our very limited knowledge thereof, as the recent discoveries in the Mamberamo area and the Foya Mountains in Indonesian Papua (Salleh 2006, Fretes 2008). The species described here have been selected from the unidentified material because they are common, or in some way conspicuous, or have been circulating, without a name or under a wrong name, among amateur growers. Their addition to the synoptic treatment will add to its usefulness. Bulbophyllum section Brachypus Schltr. Bulbophyllum section Brachypus Schltr. (1913, pp. 700, 765); van Royen (1979, p. 200). Lectotype: Bulbophyllum maxillarioides Schltr. (designated by van Royen 1979). Taxonomic synonym: Bulbophyllum section Papulipetalum Schltr. (1913, pp. 700, 769). Lectotype: Bulbophyllum papulipetalum Schltr. (designated here). Bulbophyllum section Papulipetalum mainly differs from section Brachypus in generally having longer inflorescences. This, however, cannot be quantified. Schlechter mentions the shape of the pseudobulbs, which should be stalk-like in section Papulipetalum and ovoid in section Brachypus. Here, too, a morphological continuum exists, including intermediate shapes such as ovoid pseudobulbs with a drawn out, stalk-like apical part, e.g. in B. arsoanum J. J. Sm. and B. nematopodum F. Muell. The flower shape in both sections displays a similar range of morphological variation. The two sections are better united. Together, they include a suite of medium-sized species with crowded pseudobulbs, often with rather conspicuous bracts, and oneflowered inflorescences. Most species appear to have a column-foot widened or laterally winged at the tip, as in section Polymeres. In fact the delimitation towards section Polymeres is highly problematic, particularly because of species such as B. ellipticifolium J. J. Sm. and 129

2 B. floribundum, both with flowers most similar to species of section Brachypus, but with long, patent rhizomes as in some groups of section Polymeres. J. J. Smith included both in section Brachypus. Found as an epiphyte on the trunk of an isolated tree; 1400 m a.s.l. Bulbophyllum bombycinum J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 1) A Bulbophyllo muriceo sepalis ciliolatis, labello partim papillose pubescentibus differt. Type: Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province, Bonenau, near Mount Mon, cult. Jongejan 1145 (holotype: L). Roots sprouting mainly below the pseudobulbs. Rhizome mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, creeping, bracts not persistent. Pseudobulbs cm, borne close together, (obliquely) erect, ovoid, with or without a slightly drawn out apical part. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) , acute(acuminate) ovate. Inflorescence cm long, 1-flowered; peduncle cm long, erect to patent; non-floriferous bracts ca 2, the longest mm long; floral bract ca 3 mm long, tubular, apiculate. Flowers moderately opening, sepals white with purple nerves and lines of scattered, fine, purple dots in between the nerves, petals yellow, with blackish purple spots distally, lip pinkish purple, slightly yellowish distally, the hairy parts paler pinkish purple. Pedicel-with-ovary 1830 mm long, basal node on a ca 3 mm long stump. Dorsal sepal ca mm, index ca 2.5, more or less porrect to recurved, elliptic, acute, margins ciliolate, base rather broadly attached, thick, adaxial surface minutely pubescent over the nerves, abaxial surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca 135 mm, index ca 2.6, free, recurved, obliquely ellipticovate, caudate with gradually thickened tips, upper margin glabrous, adaxial surface minutely and sparsely pubescent, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca 42 mm, index ca 2, porrect, elliptic ovate, rounded, margins papilloseciliate distally, base rather broadly attached, rather thick, both surfaces papillose-hairly distally. Lip ca 63 mm, index ca 2, more or less straight, ellipticovate, rounded, margins entire, thick; adaxially convex except for a slight median furrow at about one third of its length, the sides of which are finely and shortly papillosepubescent down to the margin, surface otherwise glabrous; abaxially without median ridge but with a slight median furrow, surface finely and shortly papillose pubescent up to two thirds of its length, top part glabrous. Column ca 3 mm long; stigma triangular, without keels inside, with a slight swelling well below its base; foot widened, with distinct, somewhat retrorse, rounded lateral wings just above the ligament; stelidia ca 2 mm long, semielliptic with denticulate upper margins, including a drawnout, obliquely downwards pointing, subulate tip ca 0.7 mm long; anther-cap abaxially with a large, wide, rounded crest near its base, surface glabrous, front drawn out, wedgeshaped with a concave front margin; pollinia 4, ovoid, the inner somewhat shorter than the outer, more flattened; no appendages. Papua New Guinea: Milne Bay Province. The name refers to the velvety surface of the lip: bombyx (Latin) a silk worm. Bulbophyllum bombycinum is most similar to B. muriceum Schltr., but differs in having ciliolate sepals and a partly papillosepubescent lip. Bulbophyllum variculosum J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 2) A Bulbophyllo samoano stelidiis triangularibus margine inferiore ala distincta differt. Type: Indonesia, Papua, Bird s Head (Doberai) Peninsula, Yumte 202 (holotype: L). Roots sprouting mainly below the pseudobulbs. Rhizome mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, creeping, bracts not persistent. Pseudobulbs ca 1.1 cm, borne close together, (obliquely) erect, ovoid, with or without a slightly drawn out top part. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) , obovate, acuminate. Inflorescence ca 4 cm long, 1-flowered; peduncle ca 0.6 cm long, erect to patent; non-floriferous bracts ca 4, the longest ca 4.5 mm long; floral bract ca 5.5 mm long, tubular, apiculate. Flowers moderately opening, sepals goldenyellow, the dorsal a paler yellow proximally, the laterals redpurple in the proximal third, petals white, lip pale orangebrown, base white, column white, anther-cap creamy white. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 18 mm long, basal node on a ca 3 mm long stump. Dorsal sepal ca 105 mm, index ca 2, more or less porrect to recurved, ellipticovate, rounded, margins entire, base rather narrowly attached, thick, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca mm, index ca 2, free, recurved, obliquely ovate, acuminate, base broadly attached, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca 31 mm, index ca 3, porrect, ovate, acute, margins entire, base rather broadly attached, rather thick, surface glabrous. Lip ca 8 5 mm, index ca 1.6, recurved slightly below half-way, ovate, rounded, margins entire; thick, surface glabrous; adaxially concave proximally, with two ridges with slightly erose crests starting near the base, at the margin, running parallel to the margins for a short distance, then converging, then running parallel again while leaving a shallow furrow in between, then grading into the convex top part of the lip, the area between the ridges and the margins with protruding nerves; abaxially with a retuse 130

3 Figure 1. Bulbophyllum bombycinum. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal (above: abaxial side, below: adaxial side), lateral sepal, lip, (D) lip, left: abaxial side, right: adaxial side, (E) column and lip, side view, (F) anther-cap, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side, (G) pollinia, above: a single pair, below: two pairs. All from cult. Jongejan 1145 (spirit material). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 131

4 Figure 2. Bulbophyllum variculosum. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip, (D) lip, left: abaxial side, right: adaxial side, (E) column and lip, side view, (F) anther-cap, above: adaxial side, below: abaxial side. All from Yumte 202 (spirit and herbarium material). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 132

5 median ridge over up to about half-way up the lip. Column ca 5.5 mm long; stigma semi-circular, without keels inside; foot widened into small, somewhat antrorse, rounded lateral wings just above the ligament; stelidia ca 2 mm long, triangular, acuminate, with a deltoid, subacute wing along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially without a crest, surface colliculate, front margin drawn out into a rounded beak; pollinia not seen. Dense primary ridge-top forest about 10 m high, on limestone bedrock; 600 m a.s.l. Indonesia: Papua, Bird s Head (Doberai) Peninsula. The name refers to the thickened veins on the adaxial surface of the lip. Bulbophyllum variculosum shares an ovate lip with protruding nerves and two ridges converging over the adaxial surface with B. samoanum Schltr. (Wickison 139, K, seen from the Solomon Islands), but it differs in having triangular stelidia with a distinct wing along the lower margin. Bulbophyllum cerinum Schltr. has a similar lip, but without thickened nerves. It also lacks the wings along the lower margins of the stelidia. Bulbophyllum section Cirrhopetalum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Bulbophyllum section Cirrhopetalum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. (1861, p. 259). Basionym: Cirrhopetalum Lindl. (1824): 832 (nomen illeg.); Lindl. (1830, p. 58 [ ]). Type species: Bulbophyllum longiflorum Thou. Taxonomic synonym: Bulbophyllum section Ephippium (Bl.) Schltr. (1913, pp. 700, 777), basionym: Ephippium Bl. (1825, p. 308). Lectotype: Ephippium lepidum Bl. [Bulbophyllum lepidum (Bl.) J. J. Sm.] (designated here). Within Ephippium, Blume (1825) lists 5 species which now would be included in as many different sections. Schlechter (1913) listed a series of species under this name, reduced to section level, that would now be included in the sections Polymeres (Bl.) J. J. Verm. and O Byrne (including one of the syntype species) and Hoplandra J. J. Verm. Van Royen (1979, p. 203) lectotypified the section Ephippium (Bl.) Schltr with B. nasica Schltr, a species not included in Blume s original series. This has to be rejected. When relectotypifying Ephippium, I have here choosen a species of the original series in accordance with the conservation of generic name Cirrhopetalum against it. Bulbophyllum section Coelochilus Schltr. Bulbophyllum section Coelochilus Schltr. (1913, pp. 696, 710); van Royen (1979, p. 164). Lectotype: Bulbophyllum stabile J. J. Sm. (designated by van Royen, 1979). Taxonomic synonyms: Bulbophyllum section Scaphochilus Schltr. (1913, pp. 696, 707); J. J. Smith (1916, p. 361): (in syn.); van Royen (1979, p. 165) (in syn.). Lectotype: Bulbophyllum scyphochilus Schltr. (designated here). Bulbophyllum section Trachychilus Schltr. (1913, pp. 696, 730). Lectotype: Bulbophyllum humile Schltr. (designated here). Bulbophyllum section Scaphochilus comprises a series of species with a distinctly concave lip. Both J. J. Smith (l. c.) and van Royen (l. c.) agree that otherwise it is barely distinct from section Coelochilus which has a flat or convex lip. Besides, a species as B. inclinatum J. J. Sm. could be regarded as intermediate because it has an only moderately concave lip. Section Trachychilus is only distinct from section Coelochilus in having the lateral sepals fused along the lower margin. Selecting this character yields a random sub-set of section Coelochilus with clustered species next to species with a patent or pendulous rhizome, such as B. pendens, below. Section Trachychilus, too, is best included in section Coelochilus. Bulbophyllum ascochilum J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 3) A Bulbophyllo aristilabri, B. nitido et B. pulchro petalis distincte unguiculatis, labro plerumque paulo acuminato differt. Type: Papua New Guinea, no further information, Hort. LEI (holotype: L). Roots sprouting mainly below or near the pseudobulbs. Rhizome 34 mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, creeping, bracts not persistent. Pseudobulbs cm, somewhat distant, ovoid. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) (elliptic) obovate, acute(acuminate). Inflorescence 1122 cm long, 1-flowered; peduncle 616 cm long, erect to patent; nonfloriferous bracts ca 3, the longest 69 mm long; floral bract ca 14 mm long, tubular, acuminate. Flowers widely opening, sepals white with large purple blotches proximally, grading into a pale purple staining distally, lateral sepals only with purple distally, petals translucent with a greenish 133

6 Figure 3. Bulbophyllum ascochilum. (A) habit, (B) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, lateral sepal, petal, lip, adaxial and abaxial side, (C) column, side view, (D) column, front view and lip base, (E) anther-cap, left: abaxial side, right: side view, (F) pollinia, left: a single pair, middle and right: two pairs. All from Hort. LEI (spirit sample). Drawn by H. Job. All scale bars are given in mm. 134

7 mid-nerve and blackish purple spots along the margins, lip dull purple with numerous blackish purple dots, column whitish with some purple staining. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 38 mm long, basal node on a ca 12 mm long stump. Dorsal sepal ca 404 mm, index ca 10, reflexed, ovate, acute, margins entire, base rather broadly attached, rather thin, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca mm, index , free, base rather broadly attached, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca mm, index ca 2.9, porrect, clawed, elliptic, acute, margins slightly erose and very finely papillose, base broadly attached, rather thin, surface glabrous. Lip ca 4312 mm including a claw of ca 4 mm, index ca 3.6, attached to the column-foot by a transverse, semi-circular area and immobile, straight, ovate, shortly clawed, acuteacuminate, margins entire, rather thin and spongy; adaxially with a transverse ridge just above the area of attachment marking the starting point of two short, parallel, rather high, rounded, thin keels continuing over ca 3 mm of the length of the lip, adaxial surface otherwise distinctly convex, surface with scattered papillae and tiny groups of papillae on top of slightly larger, inconspicuous verrucae; abaxially with two broad, rounded, diverging keels and convex near the base, otherwise deeply concave, slightly furrowed along the median line, surface glabrous. Column ca 3.8 mm long, hardly curved; stigma narrowly triangular, without keels inside; foot distinctly widened; stelidia ca 0.5 mm long, deltoid, acute, with a deltoid, obtuse tooth along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially with a high, conical, acute crest, surface papillose, front margin not drawn out; pollinia 4, obovoid, the inner flat, somewhat enveloped by the recurved lateral sides of the outer; no appendages. Unknown. Papua New Guinea: locality unknown. The name refers to the inflated appearance of the lip: askos (Greek) a bag. Bulbophyllum ascochilum is most similar to B. aristilabre J. J. Sm., B. nitidum Schltr., and B. pulchrum Schltr. It differs form all three in having distinctly clawed petals and a slightly acuminate lip. Bulbophyllum biserratum J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 4) A Bulbophyllo leucorhodo floribus minoribus (sepalis ca 5 mm longis versus 7.5 mm longis), labello praeter margines vesicularum seriee praeterea glabris differt. Type: Papua New Guinea, Central Province, Woitape, south facing slope of Mount Alio, Hort. LEI (holotype: L). Roots sprouting near the base of the rhizome, growing backwards along it until reaching the substrate. Rhizome ca 1.5 mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, erect to patent, bracts not persistent. Pseudobulbs cm, loosely clustered, ovoid. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) 3.410, elliptic, apiculate. Inflorescence ca 1 cm long, 1-flowered; peduncle ca 0.15 cm long, porrect; non-floriferous bract 1, ca 2.5 mm long; floral bract ca 3.5 mm long, tubular, apiculate. Flowers widely opening, sepals creamy-white with red nerves, petals creamy-white, lip proximally dull purple, the swollen distal part pale dull yellow. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 5 mm long, basal node on a ca 0.3 mm long stump. Dorsal sepal ca mm, index ca 2.2, spreading, ellipticovate, subacute, margins slightly erose distally, base rather broadly attached, thin, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca 52 mm, index ca 2.5, free, ovate, lower margin sharply folded inwards, slightly erose, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca mm, index , porrect, oblong, rounded, margins finely erose, base rather narrowly attached, thin, surface glabrous. Lip ca mm, index ca 5, attached to the column-foot by a narrow, transverse area and still partly mobile, gently sigmoid, oblong spathulate, rounded, margins entire, with a row of flattened, more or less triangular appendages in the middle third, thick and spongy, surface glabrous; adaxially without a transverse ridge and concave just above the area of attachment, with two low, obtuse keels starting near the base, at the margins, then quickly converging until they almost meet, then continuing parallel and close together, leaving a narrow furrow in between, up to about one third of the length of the lip, surface otherwise convex; abaxially convex, with a shallow median furrow proximally. Column ca 1.2 mm long, more or less straight; stigma elliptic, without keels inside; foot not widened distally, with a transverse, flat, slightly antrorse ledge just above the area of attachment; stelidia ca 0.3 mm long, triangular, acute, with a deltoid, rounded to obtuse wing along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially with a slight, papillose crest, surface otherwise more or less glabrous, front margin not drawn out; pollinia 4, obovoid, all flat, the inner as long as the outer; no appendages. Upper montane forest ca 25 m high, on steep slope, with scattered Araucaria trees; m a.s.l. Papua New Guinea: Central Province. 135

8 Figure 4. Bulbophyllum biserratum. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, lateral sepal, petal, (D) lip, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side, (E) column and lip, lateral view, (F) column, front views, the above with the anther-cap in position, (G) anther-cap, left: abaxial side, middle: adaxial side, right: side view, (H) pollinia, left: two pairs from two sides, right: a single pair from two sides. All from Hort. LEI (spirit material). Drawn by A. Walsmit Sachs. All scale bars are given in mm. 136

9 The name refers to the row of teeth along the lip margins. Bulbophyllum biserratum is most similar to B. leucorhodum Schltr. in all aspects but particularly in the shape of the petals. Bulbophyllum biserratum differs in having smaller flowers (sepals ca 7.5 mm long in B. leucorhodum), and in having a lip with a row of vesicles along the sides, but which is otherwise glabrous. Bulbophyllum pemae Schltr. differs in having entire petals. Bulbophyllum biserratum looks like a typical member of section Coelochilus in all aspects, yet it is aberrant in one diagnostic character for this section. Instead of having the lip firmly fused to the column-foot, as usual in section Coelochilus, it is connected to the column-foot by a ligament, as in most Bulbophyllum species. A transverse ledge on the column-foot, just above the ligament, fits in the space in between the two short keels on the lip. Bulbophyllum cyrtophyllum J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 5) A Bulbophyllo scitulo foliis longioribus angustioribusque ( versus ca 11 1 cm), inflorescentia breviore (22.5 cm longa versus 89 cm), petalis attenuatis valide deorsum depentibus differt. Type: Papua New Guinea, Madang Province, foot of Mount Hellwig, Bena, cult. Jongejan 1310 (holotype: L). Roots sprouting mainly below or near the pseudobulbs. Rhizome mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, creeping, bracts not persistent. Pseudobulbs cm, somewhat distant, shortly ovoid to thickly lenticular. Leaves pendulous; petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) 2432, falcate, elliptic, acute. Inflorescence cm long, 1-flowered; peduncle ca 0.9 cm long, erect to patent; non-floriferous bracts ca 3, the longest ca 3.5 mm long; floral bract tubular, 67 mm long, apiculate. Flowers widely opening, sepals and petals white, densely spotted with dark red, petals also with a large dark red blotch proximally, lip yellow, finely spotted dark red, margins dark red near the base, column white, with tiny dark red dots. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 12 mm long, basal node on a ca 2.5 mm long stump. Dorsal sepal ca 22 3 mm, index 78, recurved to spreading, ovate, tapering distally, acute, margins entire, base rather broadly attached, thick, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca 23 4 mm, index , free, spreading, lower margin sharply folded inwards, slightly erose, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca 32 mm, index ca 1.5, recurved, strongly curved downwards, ovatetriangular, tapering distally and with a distinct, rounded lobe proximally along the lower margin, acute, margins entire, base narrowly attached, thin, surface glabrous. Lip ca mm, index ca 6.4, attached to the column-foot by a transverse, rather narrow area and partly mobile, gently curved over its entire length, ovate, acute, margins entire, thick and spongy; adaxially with a transverse ridge just above the area of attachment, with a ca 0.8 mm long concave area in front, distally abruptly passing into a more or less flat area, otherwise convex, with a somewhat corrugated surface; abaxially convex proximally, elsewhere with a shallow median furrow, surface glabrous. Column ca 3.5 mm long, gently curved, somewhat more so about half-way; stigma narrowly triangular, without keels inside, with a conical, obtuse callus well below it; foot widened into two thick more or less lateral calli just above the area of attachment; stelidia ca 0.9 mm long, deltoid triangular, acute, with the upper margin distinctly erose, with a deltoid, apiculate tooth along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially without a crest, surface finely papillose, front margin drawn out into a small, triangular, acute beak; pollinia 4, obovoid, the inner flat, somewhat enveloped by the recurved lateral sides of the outer; no appendages. Epiphyte in a tall tree; 1760 m a.s.l. Papua New Guinea: Madang Province. The name refers to the curved leaves: kurtos (Greek) bent. Bulbophyllum cyrtophyllum is most similar to B. scitulum Ridl., but differs in having longer and narrower leaves (ca 11 1 cm in B. scitulum), a shorter inflorescence (89 cm long in B. scitulum), and in having tapering, strongly decurved petals. Bulbophyllum pendens J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 6) A Bulbophyllo inter sectionis Coelochilus species cum sepalis lateralibus connatis rhizomate longe pendulo differt. Type: Indonesia, Papua, Bird s Head (Doberai) Peninsula, Yumte 115 (holotype: L). Roots sprouting near the base of the rhizome, growing backwards along it until reaching the substrate. Rhizome up to 30 cm long, mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, patent to pendulous, bracts rather persistent. Pseudobulbs cm, somewhat distant, ovoid. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) 6.59, elliptic, acute. Inflorescence ca 1.3 cm long, 1-flowered; peduncle ca 0.2 cm long, porrect; non-floriferous bracts ca 2, the longest ca 5 mm long; floral bract ca 4.7 mm long, tubular, acute. Flowers widely opening, cream-coloured, densely spotted dark dull purple, column cream-coloured, anther-cap light yellow. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 5 mm long, basal node on a ca 1.3 mm long stump. 137

10 Figure 5. Bulbophyllum cyrtophyllum. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip, (D) lip, left: abaxial side, right: adaxial side, (E) column and lip, side view, (F) column in side view, (G) anther-cap, left: abaxial side, right: adaxial side, (H) pollinia, left: two pairs, right: a single pair. All from cult. Jongejan 1310 (spirit material). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 138

11 Figure 6. Bulbophyllum pendens. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepals, lip, (D) lip, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side, (E) base of lip, adaxial side, (F) column and lip, side view, (G) anther-cap, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side. All from Yumte 115 (spirit and herbarium material). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 139

12 Dorsal sepal ca mm, index 33.1, spreading, ovateoblong, acuteacuminate, margins entire but slightly papillose distally, base broadly attached, thin, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca mm, index ca 2.6, fused along the lower margins except near the tip, obliquely ovate, margins entire, base rather broadly attached, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca mm, index ca 1.1, recurved, straight, rhombiform with obtuse edges along upper and lower margin, acute, margins erose distally, base narrowly attached, thin, surface glabrous. Lip ca mm, index ca 3.5, attached to the column-foot by a triangular area, more or less immobile, straight, elliptic oblong, obtuse, margins entire, with two erect, triangular, obtuse auricles proximally, touching the column face, thick and spongy, surface finely and somewhat irregularly papillose distally; adaxially with a transverse ridge just above the area of attachment, with a ca 1 mm long concave area in front, distally gradually passing into the convex distal part; abaxially convex, deeply grooved along the median line. Column ca 2 mm long, gently curved; stigma narrowly triangular, without keels inside; foot gradually thickened distally; stelidia ca 0.4 mm long, more or less triangular, acuminate, with a small, antrorse, deltoid, obtuse tooth along the upper margin, with a deltoid, obtuse tooth along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially with a narrow crest proximally, surface finely papillose, front margin drawn out into a small, triangular, acute beak; pollinia not seen. Epiphyte in mossy, ca 5 m high, open forest on limestone bedrock; 600 m a.s.l. Indonesia: Papua, Bird s Head (Doberai) Peninsula. The name refers to the pendulous rhizomes. Among the species of section Coelochilus with fused lateral sepals (previously distinguished as section Trachychilus Schltr.), B. pendens is the first with a long-pendulous rhizome. Bulbophyllum kusaiense Tuyama, from the Caroline Islands, agrees rather well with B. pendens, and is described as decumbens. However, the height of the plant is given as 6 cm, with the pseudobulbs plus leaves also being around 6 cm high; it must therefore have a very shortly patent rhizome only. It also differs from B. pendens in having triangular petals and a column three times as long as the petals. The flowers of B. pendens are most similar to B. humile Schltr. and B. novahiberniae Schltr., but distinctly smaller (sepals 8 mm or longer in both these species), and have rhombiform petals. Bulbophyllum stalagmotelos J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 7) A Bulbophyllo alkmaarensi sepalis brevioribus latioribusque (sepalo medio mm versus mm), petalis ovate triangularibus, labello rugose papilloso differt. Type: Papua New Guinea, no further information, Hort. LEI (holotype: L). Roots sprouting mainly below or near the pseudobulbs. Rhizome mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, creeping, bracts little persistent. Pseudobulbs cm, somewhat distant, ovoid. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) , elliptic(ovate), acute. Inflorescence cm long, 1-flowered; peduncle ca 3.7 cm long, erect to patent; non-floriferous bracts ca 2, the longest mm long; floral bract ca 3.5 mm long, tubular, acuminate. Flowers widely opening, colour not recorded. Pedicel-and-ovary ca 8 mm long, basal node on a ca 1 mm long stump. Dorsal sepal ca mm, index , spreading, obovate, subacute, margins entire, base rather broadly attached, thin, surface adaxially slightly and very finely papillose, abaxially glabrous. Lateral sepals ca mm, index ca 2, free, spreading to reflexed, obliquely elliptic, acute, base rather narrowly attached, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca mm, index ca 2.6, recurved, somewhat curved downwards near the base, ovatetriangular with a subacute edge proximally along the upper margin, subacute, margins entire, base broadly attached, thin, surface glabrous. Lip attached to the column-foot by a transverse, rather narrow area, little mobile, straight, consisting of an oblong proximal part ca mm and an much wider, elliptic distal part, lip altogether ca mm, index ca 2, rounded, margins with two erect, triangular, obtuse, entire auricles proximally, touching the column face, margins erose distally; thick and spongy; adaxially with a transverse ridge just above the area of attachment, with the proximal part concave, glabrous, distally gradually passing into the convex, subglobular distal part, this part with the margins reflexed so that they leave only a narrow space in between, surface increasingly rugosepapillose towards the tip; abaxially convex proximally, elsewhere deeply concave, with a shallow median furrow, surface glabrous. Column ca 2 mm long, gently curved; stigma triangular, without keels inside, with a conical, obtuse callus well below it; foot widened into two thick more or less lateral calli just above the area of attachment; stelidia ca 0.4 mm long, deltoid, acute, with a small, deltoid, obtuse tooth along the upper margin, with a deltoid, apiculate tooth along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially without a crest, surface finely papillose, front margin not drawn out; pollinia 4, obovoid, flat, the inner lying in the somewhat concave outer; no appendages. Unknown. 140

13 Figure 7. Bulbophyllum stalagmotelos. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip, (D) lip, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side, (E) column and lip, side view, (F) anther-cap, above: adaxial side, below: abaxial side, (G) pollinia, above: a single pair, below: two pairs. All from Hort. LEI (spirit material). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 141

14 Papua New Guinea: locality unknown. The name refers to the shape to the lip: stalagma (Greek) drop, and telos (Greek) top. Bulbophyllum alkmaarense J. J. Sm. has a lip of roughly similar shape. Bulbophyllum stalagmotelos differs in many characters, among them the shorter and wider sepals (dorsal sepal mm in B. alkmaarense), ovatetriangular petals and a rugosepapillose lip. Bulbophyllum section Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook. f. Bulbophyllum section Epicrianthes (Blume) Hook. f. (1890, p. 753). Basionym: Epicranthes Blume (1825, p. 307). Based on the same type: Bulbophyllum subgenus Epicrianthes (Blume) Schltr. (1913, p. 705). Type: Epicranthes javanica Blume [Bulbophyllum epicrianthes (Blume) Hook. f.]. See Vermeulen and O Byrne (2008) for synonymy and further information. Bulbophyllum corrugatum J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 8) A Bulbophyllo hexarhopalos foliis abaxiliter aspere corrugatis, petalorum appendicibus magnis numero minore (4 versus 6 vel 7) differt. Type: Papua New Guinea, New Ireland Province, cult. Jongejan 101 (holotype: L). Bulbophyllum hexarhopalos auct. non Schltr., J. J. Verm. (1982, p. 22). Roots sprouting near the base of the rhizome, growing backwards along it until reaching the substrate. Rhizome up to 40 cm long, 35 mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, patent to pendulous, bracts persistent. Pseudobulbs cm distant, ellipsoid. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) , ovate, acute, abaxial surface finely and densely corrugated, dark green adaxially, dark purple abaxially. Inflorescence ca 2 cm long, 1-flowered; peduncle porrect, cm long; non-floriferous bract 1 (?), ca 3 mm long; floral bract ca 4 mm long, tubular, acute. Flowers widely opening, sepals white with redpurple spots, petals with greyish green appendages, lip redpurple. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 8 mm long, basal node on a ca 3 mm long stump. Dorsal sepal ca mm, index , spreading, ovatetriangular, acute, margins entire, base broadly attached, thick, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca mm, index , free, ovate, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca 13 mm, index ca 0.3, porrect or somewhat recurved, a narrow seam along the side of the column, entire, surface glabrous; with two types of stalked, papillose appendages along the top margin; the first thick, flattenedellipsoid to ovoid, mm, obtuse, abruptly narrowed into a thread-thin, smooth stalk 12 mm long, the second type stalk-like, subulate, mm long, passing into a 11.8 mm long stalk of equal thickness; these appendages divided in two groups, one along the upper and one along the lower edge of the petal, each group consisting of 2 thick appendages and one stalk-like, and one more stalk-like appendage in between the groups. Lip ca mm, index , straight, more or less ovate, a slightly narrowed basal part, subacute, margins entire, thick; adaxially with the margins spreading proximally, concave in between, the margins converging over the proximal surface as obtuse ridges at about a quarter of the length of the lip, then running parallel and clasping two more, equally strong ridges which start slightly proximally of the point where the first pair meets the margins, at two thirds of the length of the lip the ridges fuse pair-wise, and diverge a little to leave a deep slit in between, adaxial surface convex distally, coarsely papillose towards the margins; abaxially convex, deeply grooved along the median line and with a coarsely papillose surface distally. Column ca 2 mm long; stigma narrowly triangular, without keels inside; foot not widened distally; stelidia ca 0.6 mm long, triangular, acute, with a small, patent, deltoid, subacute tooth along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially with a crest proximally, surface papillose, front margin drawn out into a retuse beak; pollinia not seen. Unknown. Papua New Guinea: New Ireland Province. The name refers to the rough abaxial surface of the leaves. Bulbophyllum corrugatum is similar to B. hexarhopalos Schltr. in the sense that it has three much smaller petal appendages in between two groups of large ones. Bulbophyllum corrugatum differs in the roughly corrugated abaxial leaf surface, and in having a smaller number of large petal appendages (67 large appendages in B. hexarhopalos). Bulbophyllum schuitemanii J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 9) A Bulbophyllo hirundinifero et B. phymato petalis appendicibus ovoidee conicis, a priori labello sine vesiculis, a posteriori petalis appendicibus papillosis differt. 142

15 Figure 8. Bulbophyllum corrugatum. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip, (D) petal, (E) lip, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side, (F) column and lip, side view. All from cult. Jongejan 101 (living plant, spirit material). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 143

16 Figure 9. Bulbophyllum schuitemanii. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip, (D) lip, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side, (E) column and lip, side view, (F) anther-cap, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side, (G) pollinia, above: a single pair, below: two pairs. All from Schuiteman, Mulder & Vogel 52 (spirit and herbarium material). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 144

17 Type: Papua New Guinea, Southern Highlands Province, Lake Kutubu, Schuiteman, Mulder & Vogel 52 (holotype: L). Papua New Guinea: Southern Highlands Province. Roots sprouting near the base of the rhizome, growing backwards along it until reaching the substrate. Rhizome up to 40 cm long, mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, patent to pendulous, bracts persistent. Pseudobulbs cm distant, ovoid. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, ovate, index (length/width) , acute, distinctly convex proximally. Inflorescence ca 1 cm long, 1- flowered; peduncle ca 0.3 cm long, porrect; non-floriferous bracts 3, the longest ca 3.2 mm long; floral bract ca 2.8 mm long, tubular, acute. Flowers widely opening, sepals yellow, petal appendages greenish brown, lip dark brownish purple. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 5 mm long, basal node on a ca 1 mm long stump. Dorsal sepal ca mm, index ca 2.6, spreading, ovatetriangular, acute, margins entire, base broadly attached, thick, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca mm, index ca 2.5, free, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca mm, index ca 0.3, porrect or somewhat recurved, a narrow seam along the sides of the column, margins entire, surface glabrous; with two types of stalked, papillose appendages along the top margin; the first thick, flattenedovoid to conical, mm, obtuse, abruptly narrowed into a thread-thin, smooth stalk mm long, the second type stalk-like, subulate with a slightly and gradually thickened top, altogether ca 1 mm long; total number of appendages 13, more or less divided into two groups, one along the upper and one along the lower edge of the petal, each group consisting of 6 thick appendages, one stalk-like appendage in between the groups. Lip ca mm, index ca 2.3, recurved near the base, more or less oblong, rounded, margins entire, thick; adaxially with the margins spreading proximally, concave in between, the margins converging over the proximal surface as obtuse ridges at about a quarter of the length of the lip, there clasping two more, weaker ridges running alongside a median slit, and fusing pair-wise, the median slit continuing over three quarters of the length of the lip; adaxial surface convex distally, finely papillose, most distinctly so half-way near the margins; abaxially shallowly concave half-way, convex distally with a shallow median furrow, surface finely papillose except near the base. Column ca 2 mm long; stigma transversely elliptic, without keels inside; foot not widened distally; stelidia ca 0.7 mm long, falcate, triangular, acute, upper margin erose, with a small, patent, deltoid, obtuse tooth along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially with a crest proximally, surface more or less glabrous, front margin drawn out into a retuse beak; pollinia 4, more or less ellipsoid, somewhat flattened, the inner minute; no appendages. Found as an epiphyte in disturbed rain forest with Lithocarpus etc., 900 m a.s.l. Named in honour of Andre Schuiteman, principal author of the CD-rom series Orchids of New Guinea. Bulbophyllum hirudiniferum J. J. Verm. and B. phymatum J. J. Verm. have a similar configuration of the appendages along the petal margins: a single small appendage in between two groups of distinctly larger appendages. Bulbophyllum schuitemanii differs from both in having ovoidconical petal appendages (not elliptic or oblong with a rounded tip), from the first in lacking any large vesicles on the lip, and from the second in having papillose (not long-hairy) petal appendages. Bulbophyllum section Gongorodes J. J. Sm. Bulbophyllum section Gongorodes J. J. Sm. (1914, p. 35). Type: Bulbophyllum digitatum J. J. Sm. This section comprises two species only, B. digitatum J. J. Sm., and D. scorpio J. J. Verm., described below. The intricately folded or incised petal tips are a unique character. Without it, the species would more or less fit in section Leopardinae, as a marginal group distinguished by the relatively small petals and the elongated column-foot. I prefer to retain both species in a separate section. Bulbophyllum scorpio J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 10) A Bulbophyllo digitato petalis distaliter paulo erosis solum, stelidiis marginibus inferioribus ala deltoidea differt. Type: Papua New Guinea, Southern Highlands Province, Erave area, cult. Stocker 7 (holotype: SING, isotype: L). Vegetative parts not seen. Inflorescence a rather lax raceme, ca 10-flowered; peduncle erect to patent; rachis ca 16 cm long, arching; floral bracts 1114 mm long, ovate, the lowermost tubular, acute. Flowers with the lip pointing towards the top of the rachis, wide-opening, many simultaneously, pedicel-with-ovary light green, dorsal sepal light green, abaxially near the base brownish red, lateral sepals light yellowish green, abaxially the basal one-third to one-half with a brownish red stripe, petals light yellowish green, lip light yellowish green, brownish red towards the margins, column including foot whitish yellow, pollinia yellow. Pedicel-with-ovary 2232 mm long, basal node flush with the surface of the rachis. Dorsal sepal ca 16 8 mm, index ca 2, recurved, sub-triangular with acute edges near the base, acute, margins entire, base narrowly attached, central part thick, but rather thin distally and towards the 145

18 Figure 10. Bulbophyllum scorpio. (A) inflorescence, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip, (D) lip, above: adaxial side, below: abaxial side, (E) column and lip, side view, (F) anther-cap, left: abaxial side, right: adaxial side. All from cult. Stocker 7 (spirit material, photographs). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 146

19 margins, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca 3712 mm, index ca 3.1, free, spreading, falcate, about elliptic with a triangular, acute tooth along its upper margin, at one third of its length, rather thick, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca 9 3 mm, index ca 3 (unflattened), porrect, more or less obovate, entire top part folded twice, once outwards, with the fold itself formed into a pouch, and then inwards again; top roundedtruncate, margins erose distally; base decurrent, in particular the lower margin which continues as a narrow seam along the column-foot for ca 8 mm, thin, surface glabrous. Lip ca 97 mm, index ca 1.3 (unflattened), recurved near the base, otherwise more or less straight, ovatetriangular, rounded, margins entire, very thick; adaxially concave, with 3 ridges: an obtuse median ridge starting at the base, continuing up to three quarters of the length of the lip, and bordered on both sides by a deep furrow, and two high, obtuse ridges starting near the base, then converging slightly and running more or less parallel to the margin, distally meeting the margin again, surface glabrous but with fine, transverse wrinkles in the areas between the lateral ridges and the margin; abaxially convex, with a shallow median furrow, surface glabrous. Column ca 6.5 mm long; stigma transversely elliptic, without keels inside, with a slight swelling well below its base; foot elongated so that the attachment of the petals and the lateral sepals are separated by a ca 9 mm long gap, distally widened, with two diverging, obtuse teeth below the attachment of the lip; stelidia ca 1.5 mm long, triangular with a convex upper margin, acute, with a patent, deltoid, rounded wing along the lower margin; anther-cap abaxially without a crest, surface more or less glabrous, front margin not drawn out, widely rounded; pollinia 4, not seen; without appendages (field observation on fresh flower). Unknown. Papua New Guinea: Southern Highlands Province. The name refers to the general shape of the flowers. Bulbophyllum scorpio differs from B. digitatum J. J. Sm. by the petals which have only slightly erose distal margins, and by the deltoid wing along the lower margins of the stelidia. Bulbophyllum section Hoplandra J. J. Verm. sect. nov. Sepali medii pars apicalis conduplicata, sepala lateralia media longiora, columnae pes non dilatatus, antherae pars apicalis valde crassa et dilatata dorsoventraliter applanata sursum curvata notata. Type: Bulbophyllum restrepia Ridl. Species of this section share the following characters: median sepal with a sharply conduplicate apical part. Lateral sepals distinctly longer than the median. Column foot not widened nor thickened. Anther with an upturned, distinctly widened and thickened top part. Section Polymeres (Bl.) J. J. Verm and O Byrne differs in having a flat or concave, but distally not truly conduplicate median sepal, and a column foot which is widened distally, and usually has inconspicuous to distinct lateral wings close to the ligament, and an anther without a dorsoventrally flattened, upturned apical part. Section Monanthaparva Ridl. differs in usually having a flat or concave median sepal (but somewhat conduplicate in B. hemisterranthum J. J. Verm. and O Byrne and B. pachyneuron Schltr; and abaxially keeled in B. foraminiferum J. J. Verm.), and in lacking a thickened apical part of the anther. Species of section Hoplandra have been included in sect. Ephippium (Bl.) Schltr. by, for instance, Schlechter (1913, p. 777). The name cannot be used for the suite here included in sect. Hoplandra because none of these are syntype species of section Ephippium. The name refers to the anther, heavily armed in front with a shield-like structure. The following, provisionally accepted species are included: Bulbophyllum baladeanum J. J. Sm. Bulbophyllum contortisepalum J. J. Sm. Bulbophyllum drepanosepalum J. J. Verm. and O Byrne Bulbophyllum falciferum J. J. Sm. Bulbophyllum impar Ridl. (?, position uncertain) Bulbophyllum inaequisepalum Schltr. Bulbophyllum louisiadum Schltr. Bulbophyllum ngoyense Schltr. Bulbophyllum obovatifolium J. J. Sm. Bulbophyllum potamophila Schltr. Bulbophyllum restrepia Ridl. Bulbophyllum section Hybochilus Schltr. Bulbophyllum section Hybochilus Schltr. (1912, p. 96); Schltr. (1913, pp. 702, 823). Type: Bulbophyllum masarangicum Schltr. See Vermeulen and O Byrne (2008) for further information. Bulbophyllum chlorolirion J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 11) A Bulbophylli inter sectionis Hybochilus species floribus magnis, petalis sepalis fere aequilongis distinguinda. Type: Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands Province, Goroka, Daulo Pass, cult. Jongejan 658 (holotype: L). 147

20 Figure 11. Bulbophyllum chlorolirion. (A) habit, (B) flower, (C) flower analysis, from left to right: dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip, (D) lip, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side, (E) column and lip, side view, (F) anther-cap, above: abaxial side, below: adaxial side. (A) from Woods 330 (herbarium material), (B)(F) from cult. Jongejan 658 (spirit material). Drawn by J. J. Vermeulen. All scale bars are given in mm. 148

21 Roots sprouting mainly below the pseudobulbs. Rhizome 23 mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs cm long, creeping, bracts not persistent. Pseudobulbs cm, borne close together, erect, ovoid, surface rugose. Leaves: petiole cm long; blade cm, index (length/width) , elliptic, obtuse to subacute. Inflorescence 68 cm long, 1- flowered; peduncle cm long, erect to patent; nonfloriferous bracts ca 2, the longest ca 4 mm long; floral bract ca 3 mm long, tubular, acute. Flowers moderately opening, sepals and petals green at the base, purple towards the tip and the margins, and with three purple nerves, lip purple, abaxially white near the base. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 4 mm long, basal node coinciding with the bract attachment. Dorsal sepal ca 153 mm, index ca 5, recurved, ovate, acute, margins entire, base rather broadly attached, thin, surface glabrous. Lateral sepals ca 164 mm, index ca 4, free, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca mm, index ca 4, recurved, ovate, acuminate, margins about entire, base narrowly attached, thin, surface glabrous. Lip ca mm, index , recurved near the base, triangular, acute, margins with two pairs of auricles: one pair close to the ligament, retrorse, ovate, rounded, one pair reaching up to about one fifth of the length of the lip, low and wide, broadly rounded, beyond these the lip margins longciliate, rather thick; adaxially concave proximally, more or less flat distally, with three ridges, an obtuse median starting near the base and soon grading into the lip surface, and two more ridges close to the median, obtuse, continuing up to about half of the length of the lip and with their crests touching over the furrow in between for a short distance beyond the end of the median ridge, adaxial surface very finely and densely papillose to shortly hairy; abaxially with a short, rounded median ridge near the base, elsewhere more or less flat, somewhat furrowed, surface glabrous. Column ca 1.2 mm long; stigma transversely elliptic, without keels inside; foot not widened; stelidia ca 0.8 mm long, oblong, slightly tapering, tip deeply emarginate, with obtuse lobes with finely papillose margins; anther-cap abaxially with a large, wide, rounded crest, surface papillose, front margin drawn out into a truncate, thin beak; pollinia not seen. Epiphyte in montane forest; m a.s.l. Papua New Guinea: Central Province, Eastern Highlands Province. The name refers to the colour and shape of the flowers: chloros (Greek) green and lirion lily. Among members of section Hybochilus, B. chlorolirion is characterized by the large size of the flowers and by the petals being almost as long as the sepals. Bulbophyllum colubrimodum Ames has flowers with sepals of similar length, but petals only ca 5 mm long; B. elmeri Ames has sepals and petals of about equal length, but a distinctly 3-lobed lip. Bulbophyllum section Leopardinae Benth. and Hook. f. Bulbophyllum section Leopardinae Benth. and Hook. f. (1883, p. 503). Type: (not mentioned explicitly, reference only given): Dendrobium leopardinum Wall. [Bulbophyllum leopardinum (Wall.) Lindl.]. See Vermeulen and O Byrne (2008) for synonymy and further information. Bulbophyllum ichthyosme J. J. Verm. sp. nov. (Fig. 12) A Bulbophyllo wakoi labello angustiore, stelidiorum margine inferiore dentibus praeter margines sine crista abaxiali, columnae pedi alis distinctis ligamento proxime differt. Type: Indonesia, Papua, Tobi Mountains, Kebar, Koster BW 6896 (holotype: L). Roots mainly below the pseudobulbs. Rhizome ca 10 mm in diameter, sections between pseudobulbs at least 8 cm long, bract fibres persistent, thick. Pseudobulbs ca cm distant, ovoid, somewhat flattened. Leaves: petiole ca 4 cm long; blade 3714 cm, index (length/width) , obovate, acute. Inflorescence a rather dense raceme, ca 58 cm long, 1220-flowered; peduncle ca 50 cm long, erect to patent; non-floriferous bracts ca 7, the longest ca 46 mm long; rachis arching, cm long; floral bracts ca 11 5 mm ovate, acuminate. Flowers non-resupinate, not fully opening, many simultaneously, yellowish green with reddish brown lines, fetid, smelling of fish. Pedicel-with-ovary ca 35 mm long, basal node on an up to 1 mm long stump, ovary ribs rounded, straight. Dorsal sepal ca mm, index , somewhat recurved, ovate, acute, margins entire, base narrowly attached, rather thick, glabrous. Lateral sepals 4311 mm, index ca 3.9, free, oblique, triangular, otherwise as the dorsal sepal. Petals ca 26 5 mm, index ca 5.2, caudate (cauda ca 14 mm long, curled), somewhat recurved, elliptic, margins entire, base broadly attached, rather thick, glabrous. Lip ca 246 mm, index ca 4 (unflattened), not recurved, ovate, rounded, very thick; adaxially slightly concave near the base, with 2 distinct, parallel, rounded ridges over most of the length of the lip, surface glabrous but finely verrucate towards the tip; abaxially with a wide, retuse median ridge over most of the length of the lip, surface glabrous. Column ca 9 mm long; stigma inside with three keels, at its base with a narrow longitudinal ridge; foot with two small, semi-elliptic, 149