Landscape Plant Recognition Plant Descriptions Field Day #2

Transcription

1 Pittosporum tobira (PITTOSPORACEAE) China, Korea, Japan Entire Recurved on margin Narrowly obovate (spatulate) 4 long, 1 ½ wide blunt or rounded apex short petiole acute at base Upper- glossy bright green Leathery Terminal flat topped inflorescence (corymb) Radial White, changing to yellow 5 parted Fragrant Capsule with red seeds Very sticky Shrub to about 15 ft. Many branches "Pittosporum" means pitch seed may refer to stickiness May resemble rhododendron when not in flower, but without pubescence Viburnum x bodnantense (ADOXACEAE) pink dawn viburnum Garden origin Opposite Deciduous Ovate to Oblong Serrate margin 3-4 long Veins obvious Bronze when young Tubular, fused corolla 5 merous Radially symmetric Infl- loose pendulous flower cluster (raceme) in terminals or axils Rich rose red to pink, age to white Fragrant Small, globose blue-black or purple drupe 1/8-1/4 in diameter Vase shaped shrub to 10 ft Twiggy branches Heavily scented flowers Flowers emerge before the leaves Dawn is a popular cultivar Page 1 of 9

2 ERICACEAE heath family: rhododendrons, blueberry, huckleberry, heath & heather ~ Entire or serrate margin ~ leathery, thick Infl raceme, panicule, or corymb or solitary Radial symmetry ~ bilateral symmetry usually calyx united in bell shape - fused corolla, urn or bell shape (sympetalous, and urn shaped) 5 parted (~4) 10 stamens (~5) Anthers open w/apical pores ~ white, red Berry or capsule, drupe Shrubs, small trees or herbs (~deciduous) ~ parasitic (mycrotrophic) Acidic soils, bogs Rhododendron (ERICACEAE) rhododendron Europe, Australia, North America, and Asia, often clustered at ends of shoots. Entire margin. Often scales or hairs on lower side of leaf. Umbel-like inflorescences (trusses) clustered at ends of branches. Flowers are disc-shaped (rotate), bell-shaped (campanulate) or funnelshaped (infundibulum). Sepals 5 often fused at base. Petals 5 (sometimes 10), fused at base and tubular. Stamens 10 (rarely up to 27). Anthers open at pores. Pollen is thread like. One style, long and curved. Flower bud protected by scales. Dry capsules. Seeds often with wings. 850 species (not all hardy), thousands of cultivars Trees to 100 ft or shrubs. or deciduous. Leaf buds obvious in winter. Flowers bloom on previous year s growth. Prune right after flowering Genus includes azaleas Page 2 of 9

3 Arbutus unedo (ERICACEAE) strawberry tree S.E. Europe, Turkey, Lebanon Serrate Elliptic to oblong Above lustrous dark green Glandular Small infl. Fls w/ corolla, urn-shaped, white Radial Ovary superior Flowers in Fall Berry - Strawberry like ~1 across (edible) Unedo = I eat one (boring tasting fruit) Tree to 30ft Many stems Stems red Young branches glandular, pubescent FABACEAE legume family ~ Pinnately compound Leaflet margins entire ~ Stipules Petioles may be thickened at base (pulvinus) (place where turgor pressure used for sleep movements) Infl. Racemes, cymes, spikes, solitary, etc. Bilateral symmetry- Flower type = papilionaceous (banner, two wing and two fused keel petals) (some radial symmetry mostly tropical) ~ Stamens many to 10 Ovary superior Legume or loment Trees, shrubs, herbs Roots ~ w/nitrogen fixing bacterial nodules Some tropical legumes with different flowers Page 3 of 9

4 Cercis (FABACEAE) redbud N. America, Europe, Asia, simple Palmately veined, entire Orbicular to cordate with a cordate to truncate base and a blunt apex Leaves appear after the flowers Umbel-like clusters or racemes before leaves emerge., Sepals 5, fused forming cup-like calyx fl. papilionaceous: Petals 5, 2-lipped, with upper three curved back and lower two larger, covering stamens and ovary. Stamens 10. Deep pink, purple-red, white bloom on year old or older wood, including the trunk Long flat pendulous pods (legume) Seeds 2-many Persist on tree after the leaves have fallen Small tree to 30 feet First described by Linnaeus in 1753 Pollinated by bees Plants fix nitrogen Cercis canadenis is native to e. North America, Cercis siliquastrum is native to China. C. canadensis Forest Pansy has dark leaves Ilex cornuta (AQUIFOLIACEAE) Chinese holly China, Korea, 3 spined and broad at tip (truncate) Oblong-rectangular 1-4 long Older leaves entire 1 or 2 spines at side of base Small Infl. Radial 4 parted, White Imperfect Dioecious brightly colored drupe (~red) Shrub to 10ft Dense branchlets "cornuta" means hornshaped Page 4 of 9

5 Rosmarinus officinalis (LAMIACEAE ) rosemary Mediterranean Opposite, Entire Sessile (no petiole) Narrow Revolute or recurved margin (rolled backwards) Lower white Bilaterally symmetric Fls violet-blue, ~ white in. long Sepals & Petals 5 Stamens 2 Style 1 4 nutlets Aromatic shrub, ~Square stems Ros=dew marinus = maritime, found on beach cliffs Prostratus is a good evergreen groundcover Drought tolerant once established Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (ERICACEAE) kinnikinick N. Eurasia, N. America, Entire Obtuse Slightly revolute (rolled backwards) Glabrous (smooth/ no pubescence) in long Infl cluster on short stalks (terminal racemes) Fls small, nodding, pendulous Petals 5, fused, urn shaped Pink & white Stamens 8-10 Berry, small 1/3 ½ in, red Red stems Prostrate shrub Sunny areas, drought tolerant Uva=bunch of grapes, ursi=bear Massachusetts from seed collected in Massachusetts Vancouver Jade from Victoria, British Columbia Page 5 of 9

6 Oemleria cerasiformis (ROSACEAE) Indian plum British Columbia to California,, Entire Lvs narrowly oblonglanceolate to oblanceolate, Light greenish-yellow Smell like cucumber Dioecious, but sometimes bisexual flowers on plant. Pendulous inflorescence (raceme) 5 sepals & petals Male flowers w/15 stamens in 3 whorls. Females 5 carpels & styles small greenish white Thin fleshed drupe, bitter but edible Ripens to black (various colors as it ripens from yellow to redpurple to purple-black) Ribes sanguineum (GROSSULARIACEAE) red-flowering current W. North America Shrub to small tree, to 9 ft, Deciduous bark is purplish brown and bitter - common understory, grows with suckers cerasiformis means shaped like a cherry. One of the earliest bloomers in spring flowers before leaves No thorns 3-5 lobed, palmate Palmately veined (usually with 5 main veins) Infl loose pendulous spike. Red or pink flowers, white in some cultivars Radial - 5 parted Sepals 5, united Styles 2 ¼ in diameter Berry with persistent sepals, blue with a whitish bloom, not always seen Twiggy shrub, Deciduous Stems do not have spines like many other Ribes Likes sunny spots Associated with white pine rust Rufous hummingbirds follow the blooms during migration Cultivars include White Icicle with white flowers; King Edward VII with pinkish-red flowers Page 6 of 9

7 Daphne odora (THYMELAEACEAE) winter daphne China, Japan, Entire Obovate 1 ½ -3 long Bluntly pointed Varigated or green color Only midrib conspicuous Infl dense terminal heads Apetalous Calyx campanulate (bellshaped) to cylindric Calyx ~ 4-lobed Stamens 8 (in 2 series) Rosy-purple Drupe (red) Shrubs to 2-3 ft. Fragrant Blooms early in Spring Marginata is a popular cultivar, leaves edged with white or yellow HAMAMELIDACEAE witch-hazel family Wide Entire/ serrate or palmately lobed Stipules Lvs soft Infl flowers directly on stem (spike) Radial, ~ bilateral or imperfect Inconspicuous 4-5 parted Sepals & petals fused (floral cup) ~ petals separate ~ perianth reduced or absent Woody capsule Trees or shrubs Deciduous or evergreen ~Pubescence of tufted or stellate hairs on young branches/petioles Corylopsis (HAMAMELIDACEAE) winterhazel Bhutan to Japan,. Strong leaf venation, both palmate and pinnate veins. Leaf margin sharply toothed. Base cordate. Leaves soft. Some sp. have pubescence on lower surface of leaf. Has stipules. Spikes hanging from leaf axils. Up to 20 flowers per inflorescence. Flowers perfect, light yellow. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Anthers yellow or reddish. Carpels 2 with 2 styles. Woody capsules. Hard, round, with 2 beaks (styles). Contains 2 hard, shiny black seeds. Shrubs or small trees to 15 ft Buds large and smooth. Deciduous. Flowers appear before leaves. Corylopsis spicata: racemes with 7 to 10 flowers Corylopsis pauciflora: racemes with 1 to 3 flowers Page 7 of 9

8 Cornus nuttallii (CORNACEAE) Pacific dogwood West Coast of US & Idaho Opposite, simple Elliptic to obovate 3-5 long, 1½-3 wide Short accuminate apex 5-6 vein pairs (arcuate) Petiole ¼- ½ long Lvs dark green above Dense head of purple-green flowers ¾ across Bracts 4-5 (~ 6) Oval to obovate, pointed 1½-3 long, 1-3 wide White/ cream Drupe Orange to red 1/3 long Clusters Deciduous tree to 60 ft. w/many branches Fall color red-pink May have a second flush of flowers in late summer Bark is gray and smooth Kerria japonica (ROSACEAE) kerria Asia, Ovate to narrowly ovate Doubly serrate Solitary Orange-yellow Sepals 5, joined at base Petals 5 to numerous Stamens many Styles 5-8 Achene, ovate-globose Green Surrounded by persistent sepals Usually 5 achenes/flower Deciduous shrub to 10 ft Fountain form with arching branches Green stems Small, narrow stipules Pleniflora is double flowered cv most common form grown, can be more aggressive spreader than species Page 8 of 9

9 ROSACEAE rose family Mostly alternate or palmately or pinnately compound Stipules (except Spiraea) Leaves or leaflets ~ w/serrate margins ~ oval Infl usually indeterminate raceme, cyme or solitary, axillary or terminal Radially symmetric 5-parted Petals distinct, short clawed many stamens Pistils - numerous to 1 Enlarged receptacle (hypanthium) bearing sepals, petals and stamens on its margin ovary various Varied (follicle, capsule, achene, drupelet, drupe, pome) Very diverse and economically important family Trees, shrubs, herbs Aromatic ~ thorny Prunus laurocerasus (ROSACEAE) cherry laurel S.W. Europe slightly serrate on margin Glossy dark green Oblong or obovate-oblong long Tip acuminate Base acute/cuneate Infl Elongate racemes 5-merous White ¼ wide Ovary superior Fragrant Drupe, blue-black Shrub or small tree 20 + Used for hedges (not a great use) Very hardy "lauro" means laurel, "cerasus" means cherry Several dwarf cultivars, Otto Luyken to 6, Zabeliana to 5, Mt. Vernon to 3, Nana to 8 Page 9 of 9