GENETI^KI RESURSI JEDNOGODI[NJIH KRMNIH MAHUNARKI U SVETU I SRBIJI

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1 Pregledni rad - Review paper GENETI^KI RESURSI JEDNOGODI[NJIH KRMNIH MAHUNARKI U SVETU I SRBIJI Vojislav Mihailovi} 1A, Aleksandar Miki} 1A, Branko ]upina 2, Sanja Vasiljevi} 1A, \or e Krsti} 2, Zorica Tomi} 3, Mirjana Vasi} 1B 1 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, A Odeljenje za krmno bilje, B Odeljenje za povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija 2 Univerzitet u Novom sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Departman za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija 3 Institut za sto~arstvo, Beograd-Zemun, Srbija Izvod: Jedan od osnovnih ciljeva programa vezanih za geneti~ke resurse jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki jeste o~uvanje izuzetne geneti~ke varijabilnosti osobina ove grupe biljaka. Procenjuje se da, u zbirkama centara i instituta, kao {to su ICARDA, ICRISAT, VIR, IPK i IPGR, postoji vi{e od uzoraka jednogodi{njih mahunarki. Rad na geneti~kim resursima jedno - godi{njih krmnih mahunarki u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu odvijao se uporedo sa oplemenjivanjem. Zbirka jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki Instituta sastoji se od 1460 uzoraka 16 rodova i 67 vrsta. Najve}a vrednost Zbirke nalazi se u njenom kori{}enju u stvaranju novih sorti. Karakterizacija uzoraka Zbirke usmerena je na oblik semena, boju seme nja - ~e, boju kotiledona i boju cveta, kao i osobine svojstvene pojedinim vrstama, kao {to je tip lista kod gra{ka. Tako e, vr{i se i evaluacija prinosa i hemijskog sastava krme i zrna i otpornosti na bolesti i {teto~ine, kao i dejstvo niskih temeperatura i su{e. Klju~ne re~i: jednogodi{nje krmne mahunarke, geneti~ki resursi. Zna~aj i poreklo jednogodi{njih krnih mahunarki Jednogodi{nje mahunarke predstavljaju jednu od najra{irenijih grupa use - va u oblastima sa umerenim i suptropskim klimatskim uslovima. Na svet skom nivou, najzna~ajnija jednogodi{nja mahunarka je soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), dok su od velike ekonomske va`nosti i naut (Cicer arietinum L.), crnookica (Vig - na unguiculata (L.) Walp.), gra{ak (Pisum sativum L.), kajanus (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), so~ivo (Lens culinaris Medik.), bob (Vicia faba L.), lu pine (Lupinus spp.) i grahorice (Vicia spp.). Jednogodi{nje mahunarke imaju vi{estruku primenu. U slu~aju da se gaje u svrhu ishrane doma}ih `ivotinja, mogu}e ih je koristiti u obliku zelene krme, sena, krmnog bra{na, zrna, slame, sila`e i sena`e, dok se pojedine vrste, poput grahorica, mogu koristiti i u vidu ispa{e (Miki} i sar., 2006). Zahvalju}i sposob - nosti da obrazuju bujnu nadzemnu masu, mnoge jednogodi{nje mahunarke zadobijaju sve ve}i zna~aj u organskom ratarenju i odr`ivoj poljoprivredi (]upina i sar., 2004). S obzirom na veliki broj rodova i vrsta jednogodi{njih krnih mahunarki, skoro da ne postoji centar diverziteta u kome nije nastala neka od njih (Zeven & 115

2 116 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad Zhukovsky, 1975). Bliskoisto~ni i Mediteranski centar diverziteta su primarni cen tri ve}ine jednogodi{njih krnih mahunarki, uklju~uju}i naut, grahore (Lathy - rus spp.), so~ivo, lu pine, gra{ak i grahorice. Najva`nije vrste jednogodi{njih krnih mahunarki Afri~kog centra diverziteta su kajanus, lab lab (Lab lab purpu - reus Sweet) i crnookica, Kineskojapanskog soja i azuki (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi), Indokineskoindijskog mungo (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) i centralnoazijskog bob. Zbirke jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki u svetu Promene u ishrani ljudi u korist ekonomski isplativijih useva i kori{}enje soje u ishrani doma}ih `ivotinja izazvale su veliko smanjenje u obimu proiz vod - nje mnogih vrsta jednogodi{njih mahunarki, u~ininiv{i ih gotovo u potpunosti odsutnim u raznim sistemima proizvodnje i na ivici padanja u zaborav (De la Rosa et al., 2004), ~ak i kada su u pitanju vrste koje su se u pojedinim podru ~ji - ma gajile stotinama ili, ~ak, hiljadama godina. Jedan od osnovnih ciljeva savre - me nih i dugoro~nih programa, vezanih za geneti~ke resurse jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki, jeste o~uvanje izuzetne geneti~ke varijabilnosti agronom - skih i ostalih osobina ove grupe biljaka u obliku zbirki uzoraka razli~itog porekla i statusa. Tabela 1. Institucije sa velikim zbirkama jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki Ta ble 1. In sti tu tions with large col lec tions of an nual le gumes Australian Collections of Plant Genetic Resources (ACPGR), Australia, In sti tute for Agrobotany (ABI), Tápiószele, Hun gary, In sti tute of Plant Ge netic Re sources (IPGR), Sadovo, Bul garia, In ter na tional Cen tre for Ag ri cul tural Re search in the Dry Ar eas (ICARDA), Alep po, Syria, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), In ter na tional Crops Re search In sti tute for the Semi-Arid Trop ics (ICRISAT), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), John Innes Cen tre (JIC), Norwich, United King dom, Leibniz In sti tute of Plant Ge net ics and Crop Plant Re search (IPK), Gatersleben, Ger many, N.I. Vavilov Re search In sti tute of Plant In dus try (VIR), St. Pe ters burg, Rus sia, Na tional In sti tute of Ag ri cul ture and Food Re search (INIA), Plant Ge netic Re sources Cen tre (CRF), Spain, The Cen tre for Ge netic Re sources, the Neth er lands (CGN), Wageningen, The Neth er lands, The Na tional Re search Coun cil (CNR), In sti tute of Plant Ge net ics (IGV), Bari, It aly, The World Veg e ta ble Cen ter (AVRDC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Plant Germplasm Sys tem (NPGS), United States of Amer ica, Yurjev Plant Breed ing In sti tute, Na tional Cen tre for Plant Ge netic Re sources of Ukraine (NCPGRU), Kharkiv, Ukraine

3 Zbornik radova, Sveska 44, Procenjuje se da, danas i u svetskoj ravni, postoji vi{e od uzoraka jednogodi{njih mahunarki, uklju~enih u vi{e zbirki (Prodanovi} i [urlan-mo mi - rovi}, 2006). Najve}i broj uzoraka nalazi se u me unarodnim centrima, kao {to su ICARDA i ICRISAT, kao i u nacionalnim institutima, kao {to su VIR, IPK i IPGR (tab. 1). Me u pojedinim rodovima jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki, rod Cajanus Adans. najvi{e je zastupljen u zbirci ICARDA sa preko uzoraka, a rod Cicer L. u zbirkama ICRISAT sa oko uzoraka i ICARDA sa vi{e od uzoraka, rod Lathyrus L. u zbirci ICARDA od oko 3300 uzoraka, rod Lens Mill. u zbirkama ICARDA od blizu uzoraka i ACPGR od oko 5000 uzoraka, rod Lupinus L. u zbirkama ACPGR i IPK od po oko 3000 uzoraka, rod Pisum L. u zbirkama VIR, ACPGR i ICARDA od po vi{e od 6000 uzoraka, rod Vicia L. u zbirci ICARDA od blizu uzoraka i rod Vigna Savi u zbirci IITA od oko uzoraka. Izuzetan doprinos pove}anju u~inka u odr`avanju i kori{}enju geneti~kih resursa jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki pru`aju informacione tehnologije. Njihove zasluge ogledaju se u vidu uspostavljanja elektronskih baza paso{kih i ostalih podataka od zna~aja, sa usavr{enim sistemom pretra`ivanja i lako dostupnih putem interneta, kao i kroz povezivanje pojedinih centara u sistem na nacionalnom nivou, poput ACPGR u Australiji i NPGS u Sjedinjenim Ame - ri~kim Dr`avama. Pojedine institucije, visokospecijalizovane za odre eni rod ili vrstu, uspostavljaju i elektronske baze podataka sa mogu}no{}u pronala`enja pojedi nih gena u zbirci, odnosno, uzorka koji ga poseduje, za {ta je jedan od najboljih prime ra JIC i PGene Pisum Gene List, koja je dostupna na adresi fault.asp i koju, u ime Udru `enja za genetiku gra{ka (Pisum Ge net ics As so ci a tion), odr`ava dr Majk Ambroz (Mike Ambrose). Zbirka jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki u Novom Sadu Po~etak. Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo predstavlja jednu od vode}ih insti tucija u Srbiji sa programima oplemenjivanja razli~itih vrsta jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki (Mihailovi} et al., 2005b). S obzirom da je stvaranje novih sor - ti nezamislivo bez postojanja {iroke geneti~ke varijabilnosti agronomskih osobina (Vasi}, 2004), rad na geneti~kim resursima jednogodi{njih krmnih ma - hu narki u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo zapo~eo je njegovim osniva njem, godine 1938, i odvijao se uporedo sa oplemenjivanjem. Prva zbirka jednogo - di{njih krmnih mahunarki sadr`ala je 154 ozime populacije, 59 ozimih linija i 79 jarih linija obi~ne grahorice (Vicia sativa L.) i 80 ozimih linja i 7 jarih linija sto - ~nog gra{ka (Mihailovi} et al., 2006). Zbirka jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo nalazi se u Zavodu za krmno bilje. Stvaranje. Najve}i broj uzoraka Zbirke je ishod donacija institucija iz ino - stranstva, me u kojima su, na prvom mestu, ICARDA, sa oko 300 uzoraka, IPK, sa oko 100 uzoraka, INIA, sa oko 90 uzoraka, i IPGR, sa oko 70 uzoraka. Po{to programi oplemenjivanja jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki u Institutu za ratar - stvo i povrtarstvo uklju~uju veliki broj ukr{tanja izme u pojedinih genotipova, Zbirka se postojano oboga}uje uzorcima koje predstavljaju novu geneti~ku varijabilnost. U Zbirku se redovno uklju~uju i uzorci sakupljeni, uglavnom, u okolini Novog Sada i na Fru{koj Gori (Tomi} et al., 2005), me u kojima su ve}inom samonikle populacije uskolisne grahorice (Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra

4 118 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad (L.) Ehrh.), kao najrasprostranjenija od svih podvrsta obi~ne grahorice (Maxted, 1995), krupnocvetne grahorice (Vicia grandiflora Scop.) i maljave grahorice (Vicia villosa Roth). Zbirci se pridru`uju i, uglavnom, uzorci so~iva i vigni (Vigna ssp.), koji se kupuju u prodavnicama ili lokalnim pijacama. Gra a. Krajem godine, Zbirka jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki sa - s to jala se od 1460 uzoraka 16 rodova i 67 vrsta (tab. 2). Budu}i da su najras - prostranjenije jednogodi{nje krmne mahunarke u Srbiji (Mihailovi} et al., 2004), gra{ak i obi~na grahorica su vrste Zbirke najbogatije uzorcima, sa 555 uzoraka gra{ka i 287 uzoraka obi~ne grahorice, dok su Vicia L. i Lathyrus L. rodovi najbo - gatiji vrstama, sa 22 vrste grahorica i 16 vrsta grahora. Me u vrstama, postoje one koje se gaje isklju~ivo za krmu, poput obi~ne seradele (Ornithopus sativus Brot.), one koje se, uglavnom, gaje za zrno, poput so~iva i nauta, one koje mogu da se gaje za krmu i zrno, poput gra{ka, boba, lupina i crnookice, i one koje predstavljaju i ukrasne biljke, poput lablaba i mirisnog grahora (Lathyrus odora - tus L.). Uzorci Zbirke vode geografsko poreklo iz 77 zemalja, sa 285 uzoraka iz Srbije, i obuhvataju vrste osobene za oblasti sa umerenim klimatskim uslovima, kao {to su gra{ak, ob~na grahorica i sastrica (Lathyrus sativus L.), kao i one poreklom iz suptropskih i tropskih oblasti, kao {to su kajanus i mukuna (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.). Zbirka obuhvata i neveliki broj vi{egodi{njih vrsta, koje pripa - daju rodovima ~ije su najzna~ajnije vrste jednogodi{nje, poput gomoljastog grahora (Lathyrus tuberosus L.) i gra{kaste grahorice (Vicia pisiformis L.). Po statusu, oko 650 uzoraka Zbirke su sorte, oko 300 uzoraka lokalne sorte i popu - lacije, po oko 200 uzoraka linije i samonikle populacije i ostatak mutantni geno - tipovi i korovske populacije. Odr`avanje. Pored kori{}enja u svrhu oplemenjivanja i ostalih vidova istra - `i vanja, odr`avanje Zbirke jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki usmereno je i na davanje svog doprinosa o~uvanju geneti~kih resursa ove grupe useva na nacio - nal nom i me unarodnom nivou. Zbirka se odr`ava u poljskim uslovima, na Ogled nom polju Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na Rimskim [an~evima, u neposrednoj blizini Novog Sada, na zemlji{tu tipa ~ernozem. Svi uzorci Zbirke seju se svake godine, u svrhu obezbe ivanja Zbirke sve`e proizvedenim seme - nom i njegovog kori{}enja u razli~itim ogledima i donacijama i razmeni sa srodnim institucijama u Srbiji i svetu. Baza paso{kih podataka. S obzirom da je upotrebna vrednost svake zbirke u neposrednoj zavisnosti od raspolo`ivosti podataka o njenim uzorcima (Rya - bchoun, 2001), uporedo sa stvaranjem Zbirke jednogodi{njih krmnih mahu nar - ki, nastajala je i njena baza paso{kih podataka. U skladu sa preporukama me u - narodnih programa vezanih za geneti~ke resurse, poput Eu ro pean Co op er a tive Programme for Plant Ge netic Re sources (ECPGR), baza paso{kih podataka Zbirke nudi slede}e podatke o svakom uzorku: broj, sakuplja~ki broj, rod, vrstu, dodatne taksonomske podatke, ime, zemlju porekla, mesto sakup lja nja, geo - graf sku {irinu i du`inu i nadmorsku visinu mesta sakupljanja, da tum sakupljanja izvornog uzorka, sta tus uzorka, izvor sakupljanja, oznaku donora, broj donora, ostale brojeve vezane za uzorak, podatke o postojanju bezbedonosne dupli ka - cije uzorka i primedbe (Maggioni et al., 2000). Podaci vezani za sistematiku uzoraka Zbirke dati su u skladu sa najrasprostranjenijom klasifikacijom biljnih vrsta (GRIN, 2007).

5 Zbornik radova, Sveska 44, Tabela 2. Gra a Zbirke jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki po rodovima i vrstama godine Ta ble 2. Struc ture of the An nual For age Le gumes Col lec tion by gen era and spe cies in 2006 Arachis L. Cajanus Adans. Rod Genus Calopogonium Desv. Cicer L. Lab lab Adans. Lathyrus L. Lens Mill. Lupinus L. Vrsta Spe cies Broj akcesija Number of accessions hypogaea L. 3 pintoi Krapov. & W. C. Greg. 1 Ukupno To tal 4 cajan (L.) Millsp. 7 Ukupno To tal 7 mucunoides Desv. 1 Ukupno To tal 1 arietinum L. 58 Ukupno To tal 58 purpureus (L.) Sweet 3 Ukupno To tal 3 angulatus L. 1 annuus L. 1 aphaca L. 1 belinensis Maxted & Goy der 1 chloranthus Boiss. 1 cicera L. 11 clymenum L. 2 hirsutus L. 1 inconspicuus L. 1 latifolius L. 3 ochrus (L.) DC. 2 odoratus L. 21 pratensis L. 2 sativus L. 32 tingitanus L. 1 tuberosus L. 3 Ukupno To tal 84 culinaris Medik. 45 Ukupno To tal 45 albus L. 68 angustifolius L. 17 hispanicus L. 20 hybr. 1 lepidus Douglas ex. Lindl. 1 luteus L. 44 mexicanus Cerv. ex Lag. 1 mutabilis Sweet 8 nanus Douglas ex Benth. 3 polyphyllus Lindl. 1 Ukupno To tal 164

6 120 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad Rod Genus Vrsta Spe cies Broj akcesija Number of accessions axillare (E. Mey.) Verdc. 1 Macrotyloma (Wight & Arn.) Verdc. ukupno To tal 1 Mucuna Adans. pruriens (L.) DC. 1 Ukupno To tal 1 perpusillus L. 1 Ornithopus L. pinnatus (Mill.) Druce 1 sativus Brot. 2 Ukupno To tal 4 fulvum Sm. 13 Pisum L. sativum L. 555 Ukupno To tal 568 Stylosanthes Sw. capitata Vogel 1 ukupno To tal 1 Trigonella L. foenum-graecum L. 1 Ukupno To tal 1 bithynica (L.) L. 2 cracca L. 1 disperma DC. 1 ervilia (L.) Willd. 4 faba L. 69 galilaea Plitm. & D. Zoh. in Plitm. 1 grandiflora Scop. 26 hirsuta (L.) Gray 2 hyaeniscyamus Mouterde 2 lathyroides L. 1 lutea L. 4 Vicia L. michauxii Spreng. 1 narbonensis L. 45 noeana Reut. ex Boiss. 11 pannonica Crantz 4 parviflora Cav. 1 pisiformis L. 3 sativa L. 287 sylvatica L. 1 tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. 1 vicioides (Desf.) Cout. 1 villosa Roth 27 Ukupno To tal 495 angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi 7 Vigna Savi radiata (L.) R. Wilczek 7 unguiculata (L.) Walp. 9 Ukupno To tal 23 Ukupno To tal 1,460

7 Zbornik radova, Sveska 44, Kori{}enje. Najve}a vrednost Zbirke jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki nala zi se u njenom kori{}enju u stvaranju novih sorti (Sarker & Ers kine, 2001). Karakterizacija uzoraka Zbirke, kao postupak odre ivanja, u najve}oj meri, viso - ko naslednih osobina, vr{i se za oblik semena, boju semenja~e, boju kotiledona i boju cveta, kao i za osobine svojstvene pojedinim vrstama, kao {to je tip lista kod gra{ka. Istovremeno, vr{i se i evaluacija uzoraka Zbirke za prinos i kom po - nente prinosa, kao najva`nije me u mno{tvom osobina odre enih ve}im bro - jem gena i, u najve}em broju slu~ajeva, podlo`nih uticaju uslova sredine (Kumar et al., 2005). Rezultati dugoro~ne evaluacije prinosa krme i komponenti prinosa krme uzoraka Zbirke pokazuju da postoje i druge vrste i tipovi jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki, osim gra{ka i obi~ne grahorice, sa velikim potencijalom za visoke i stabilne prinose zelene krme i suve materije krme, poput urova (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.), boba i crnookice (Mihailovi} et al., 2005d; Mihailovi} et al., 2006a; Mihailovi} et al., 2006d; Miki} i sar., 2005a; Miki} i sar., 2005b). Na sli~an na~in, evaluacija uzoraka Zbirke za prinos zrna donosi ohrabruju}e rezultate za ponovno uvo enje tradicionalnih i gotovo zaboravljenih vrsta, kao {to su so~ivo i bob, uvo enje novih, odnosno, nepoznatih vrsta, poput bele lu pine (Lupinus albus L.), narbonska grahorica (Vicia narbonensis L.) i kajanus, i gajenje novih tipova tradicionalnih vrsta, kao {to su sorte gra{ka sa fascijantnim stablom ili neosipaju}im zrnom (Mihailovi} et al., 2005a; Mihailovi} et al., 2005c; Mihailovi} et al., 2005e; Mihailovi} et al., 2005f, Mihailovi} et al., 2006b). Kod izvesnog broja akcesija Zbirke, vr{i se i evaluacija hemijskog sastava suve materije krme i zrna, sa naglaskom na sadr`aj sirovih proteina, i otpornosti na bolesti i {teto~ina i dejstvo niskih temeperatura i su{e. Zahvalnice Autori `ele da zahvale svim donorima Zbirke jednogodi{njih krmnih mahu - nar ki, posebno slede}im pojedincima i institucijama (abecednim sledom): Akinnola Nathaniel Akintunde (ICARDA), Mike Ambrose (JIC), Lu cia de la Rosa (INIA), Andreas Graner (IPK), Jan Konopka (ICARDA), Lilia Ivanova Krusteva (IPGR), Luigi Monti (CNR), Jorge Mosjidis (Au burn Uni ver sity, USA), Kevin A. Murray (ACPGR), Bob Red den (ACPGR), Viktor Ryabchoun (NCPGRU), Ashutosh Sarker (ICARDA), Jan Valkoun (ICARDA), Loek van Soest (CGN) and Margarita Vishnyakova (VIR). Literatura ]upina, B., Eri}, P., Krsti}, \., Vu~kovi}, S. (2004): Ozimi krmni me uusevi u odr`ivoj poljo - pri vredi i organskoj proizvodnji. Acta Agriculturae Serbica, IX, 17 (spe cial is sue): De la Rosa, Lu cia, Martín, I., Varela, F., De la Cuadra, Celia (2004): Span ish grain le gumes ge - netic di ver sity. Con fer ence Hand book of the 5th Eu ro pean Con fer ence on Grain Le - gumes with the 2nd In ter na tional Con fer ence on Le gume Genomics and Ge net ics Le - gumes for the Ben e fit of Ag ri cul ture, Nu tri tion and the En vi ron ment: Their Genomics, Their Prod ucts, and Their Im prove ment, Dijon, France, 7-11 June 2004, 156. GRIN (2007): GRIN Tax on omy for Plants. United States De part ment of Ag ri cul ture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP), Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), National Germplasm Resources Lab o ra tory, Beltsville, Mary land, United States of Amer ica.

8 122 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad Kumar, R., Sangwan, M. S., Waldia, R. S. (2005): Germplasm: eval u a tion, char ac ter iza tion and uti li za tion in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Ab stracts of the 4th In ter na - tional Food Le gumes Re search Con fer ence Food Le gumes for Nu tri tional Se cu rity and Sus tain able Ag ri cul ture, New Delhi, In dia, Oc to ber 2005, 373. Maggioni, L., Ambrose, M., Schahl, R., Lipman, E. (2000): Grain le gume pass port descrip - tors. Re port of a work ing group on grain le gumes, Sec ond meet ing, Norwich, United King dom, 1-3 Oc to ber 1998, Maxted, N. (1995): An ecogeographical study of Vicia subgenus Vicia, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, 184. Mihailovi}, V., Eri}, P., Miki}, A. (2004): Grow ing peas and vetch es for for age in Ser bia and Montenegro. Grass land Sci ence in Eu rope, 9: Mihailovi}, V., ]upina, B., Miki}, A., Swiecicki, W., Jones, R. (2005a): Grain yield com po - nents in white lu pin ge no types grown on cher nozem soil. Ab stracts of the 11th In ter - na tional Lu pin Con fer ence Mex ico, Where Old and New World Lu pins Meet, Guadalajara, Mex ico, 4-9 May 2005, 38. Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., ]upina, B., Eri}, P. (2005b): Field pea and vetch es in Ser bia and Montenegro. Grain Le gumes, 44: Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., ]upina, B. Krsti}, \., Mili}, D. Vasiljevi}, Sanja, Sarker, A. (2005c): Pre lim i nary re sults of test ing narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) in Ser bia. Ab stracts of the 4th In ter na tional Food Le gumes Re search Con fer ence Food Le gumes for Nu tri - tional Security and Sustainable Agriculture, New Delhi, India, October 2005, Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., Karagi}, \., Kati}, S., Pataki I. (2005d): Ge netic vari abil ity of yield and its com po nents in win ter for age pea cultivars. Of fered Pa pers of the XX In ter na - tional Grass land Con gress Grass lands - a Global Re source, Dub lin, Ire land, 26 June - 1 July 2005, 90. Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., Karagi}, \., Kati}, S., Pataki, I., Eri}, P. (2005e): Grow ing var i ous types of win ter pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars for grain. Ab stracts of the 4th In ter na - tional Food Le gumes Re search Con fer ence Food Le gumes for Nu tri tional Se cu rity and Sus tain able Ag ri cul ture, New Delhi, In dia, Oc to ber 2005, 426. Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., Vasiljevi}, Sanja, Mili}, D. Vasi}, Mirjana, ]upina, B. (2005f): Pre lim - i nary re sults of grow ing trop i cal and sub trop i cal grain le gumes in the North ern Bal - kans. Proceedings of the 1st International Edible Legume Conference in conjunction with the IVth World Cow pea Con gress (Pa pers), Durban, South Af rica, April 2005, CD Rom. Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., ]upina, B., Kati}, S., Karagi}, \., Pataki, I., Eri} P. (2006a): Yield and for age yield com po nents in win ter vetch cultivars. Grass land Sci ence in Eu rope, 11: Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., Kati}, S., Karagi}, \., Eri}, P., ]upina, B. (2006b): Uticaj mor folo - {kih osobina na prinos zrna proteinskog gra{ka (Pisum sativum L.). Zbornik abstra - kata Tre}eg simpozijuma Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Dru{tva geneti~ara Srbije i ^etvrtog nau~no-stru~nog simpozijuma iz selekcije i semenarstva Dru{tva selecionara i semenara Srbije, Zlatibor, Srbija i Crna Gora, maj, 2006, 98. Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., Vasiljevi}, Sanja, ]upina, B., Krsti}, \., Mili}, D., Kati}, S., Vasi}, Mirjana (2006c): A col lec tion of an nual le gumes at its be gin nings. Pro ceed ings of the II In ter na tional Sym po sium of Ecol o gists of the Re pub lic of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro, Sep tem ber 2006, Mihailovi}, V., Miki}, A., Vasiljevi}, Sanja, Mili}, D., ]upina, B., Krsti}, \., Ili}, Olivera (2006d): Trop i cal le gumes for for age. Grass land Sci ence in Eu rope, 11: Miki}, A., Mihailovi}, V., Mili}, D., Karagi}, \., \or evi}, V., Ta{ki-Ajdukovi} Ksenija (2005a): Prinos i komponente prinosa jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki. Zbornik rezimea VI Smotre radova mladih nau~nih radnika iz oblasti biotehnike, Rimski [an~evi, Srbija, 10. i 11. novembar 2005, Miki}, A., Mihailovi}a V., Mili}a D., Miki}, Vladanka, Vasiljevi}, Sanja, Radi}, V. (2005b): Agronomske osobine roda Vigna L. vezane za krmu. Zbornik rezimea VI Smotre rado -

9 Zbornik radova, Sveska 44, va mladih nau~nih radnika iz oblasti biotehnike, Rimski [an~evi, Srbija, 10. i 11. novembar 2005, Miki}, A., ]upina, B., Kati}, S., Karagi}, \. (2006): Zna~aj jednogodi{njih krmnih mahunarki u obezbe ivanju biljnih proteina. Zbornik radova, Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, 42, I: Prodanovi}, S., [urlan-momirovi}, Gordana (2006): Geneti~ki resursi biljaka za organsku poljoprivredu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd-Zemun, 125. Ryabchoun, V. K. (2001): Plant ge netic re sources for breed ing pur pose. XVIth EUCARPIA Section Genetic Resources Workshop Broad Variation and Precise Characterization - Lim i ta tion for the Fu ture, Poznañ, Po land, May 2001, 68. Sarker, A. & Ers kine, W. (2001): Uti li za tion of ge netic re sources in len til im prove ment. XVIth EUCARPIA Sec tion Ge netic Re sources Work shop Broad Vari a tion and Pre cise Char ac - ter iza tion - Lim i ta tion for the Fu ture, Poznañ, Po land, May 2001, 126. Tomi}, Zorica, \uki}, D., Kati}, S., Vasiljevi}, Sanja, Miki}, A., Mili}, D., Lugi}, Z., Radovi}, Jas mina, Sokolovi}, D., Stanisavljevi}, R. (2005): Ge netic re sources and im prove - ment of for age plants in Ser bia and Montenegro. Acta Agriculturae Serbica, X, 19: Vasi}, Mirjana (2004): Geneti~ka kolekcija pasulja, Zadu`bina Andrejevi}, Beograd, 64. Zeven, A. C., Zhukovsky, P. M. (1975): Dic tio nary of Cul ti vated Plants and Their Cen tres of Diversity, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 219. GENETIC RESOURCES OF ANNUAL FORAGE LEGUMES IN THE WORLD AND SERBIA Vojislav Mihailovi} 1A, Aleksandar Miki} 1A, Branko ]upina 2, Sanja Vasiljevi} 1A, \or e Krsti} 2, Zorica Tomi} 3, Mirjana Vasi} 1B 1 Institute of Field and Veg e ta ble Crops, A Forage Crops De part ment, B Vegetable Crops De part ment, Novi Sad, Ser bia 2 University of Novi Sad, Fac ulty of Ag ri cul ture, De part ment of Field and Veg e ta ble Crops, Novi Sad, Ser bia 3 Institute for An i mal Hus bandry, Beograd-Zemun, Srbija Sum mary: One of the main goals of the programmes re lated to ge netic re sources of an nual for age le gumes is the con ser va tion of a re mark able ge netic vari abil ity of these crops in the form of col lec tions of ac ces sions of di verse or i gin and sta tus. it is es ti mated that there is more than 800,000 ac ces sions of an nual le gumes in the cen tres and in sti - tutes such as ICARDA, ICRISAT, VIR, IPK i IPGR (Ta ble 1). The work on ge netic re sources of an nual for age le gumes in the In sti tute of Field and Veg e ta ble Crops has been car ried out to gether with breed ing. The An nual For age Le gumes Col lec tion of the In sti tute con tains 1,460 ac ces sions of 16 gen era and 67 spe cies. The high est value of the col lec tion lays in its uti li sa tion in de vel op ing new cultivars. Char ac teri sa tion of the ac ces sions is aimed at seed shape, seed coat col our, cot y le don col our and flower col our, as well as at the traits char ac ter is tic for sin gle spe cies, such as leaf type in pea. There have been car ried eval u a - tions of yield and chem i cal com po si tion of for age and grain yields and re sis tance to pests, dis eases, low tem per a tures and drought. Key words: an nual for age le gumes, ge netic re sources.

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