Selection bias in innovation studies: A simple test
|
|
- Shanon Rich
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Selection bias in innovation studies: A simple test Work in progress Gaétan de Rassenfosse University of Melbourne (MIAESR and IPRIA), Australia. Annelies Wastyn KULeuven, Belgium. IPTS Workshop, June 2011
2 Innovation production functions (IPF) are often used in innovation studies Relate a firm s innovation output (I) to its research input (R): I = f(r) Study the impact of innovation policies, contribution of innovation to productivity growth, etc. Inventions are not observed, so patents are used as a proxy. Imperfect measure that has well-know limitations (Jefferson, 1929; Pavitt, 1985; Griliches, 1990) Not all inventions are patented The value of patents widely varies (majority is worthless) We look at a third shortcoming: patents are counted in a simple manner 2
3 A patent protects an invention in one market Priority filing (PF) Second filing (SF) = extension of the protection to a foreign market Picture downloaded from worldmapsphotos.com 3
4 Firms have a variety of patenting routes available to them... Belgium France US EPO WIPO ROW Invention 1: Invention 2: Invention 3: Invention 4: Invention 5: Invention 6: Invention 7: Invention 8: In theory: global count of priority filings. In practice, patents are counted at one reference office 4
5 Which is fine (but noisy)... unless the decision to select one office is not random Relationship between firm size and innovation Global count Level of innovation (number of patents per year) Low High Count at EPO firm i Small Large Firm size 5
6 The objective of this research is twofold Study whether the single office count leads to a selection bias or is it just noise? Propose a methodology to identify potential selection biases when the researcher is limited to information collected at one office 6
7 AGENDA 7
8 Agenda 0. Context 1. Motivations 2. The problem and proposed solution 3. Data 4. Empirical analysis 5. Conclusions 8
9 MOTIVATIONS The single office count is very popular Early evidence that it may lead to a selection bias Mo8va8ons Solu8on Data Analysis Conclusion
10 Single office count is a widespread practice Random sample of 20 recent articles in A* or A journals that estimate IPF for European firms 17 use single office count (mostly EPO) 1 uses two offices (EPO + national) 2 use a broader count All articles provide very few information on the patent indicator used 10
11 Risk of a selection bias No study has explicitly looked at this question Some results suggest that the filing route is not random: Seip (2010): large Dutch companies much more likely than SMEs to go at the EPO van Zeebroeck and van Pottelsberghe (2011) and Jensen, Thomson and Yong (2011): patent value affect filing route Raises the spectre of a selection bias 11
12 PROBLEM AND PROPOSED SOLUTION Exploit information on the mix between priority filings and second filings Mo8va8ons Solu8on Data Analysis Conclusion
13 The selection of patents may bias estimates of IPF The true unobserved output for firm i is (in logadditive form): ln (% & ) = *, &, +. & [IPF] Only a fraction of the output is observed at the reference office: ln($ % ) = (, % * +, % Hence the observed output can be written as: ln($ % ) = ln(( % $ % ) = ln(( % ) + ln ($ % ) =, % (. + /) + 0 % + 1 % Selection bias if alpha different from 0. 13
14 Objective: looking for randomness in the selection We would like to test whether π is random Not observed, so direct inference impossible Patenting process gives us one information on the structural form of π: we know that the patents observed at the reference office are of two types. Priority filings, which are directly filed at the reference office, and second filings, which are filed at the reference office in a later stage 14
15 Objective: looking for randomness in the selection The variable π can thus be expressed in a generic way as! " =! $ " + &1! $ * " )! " The variable π depends on x when at least one of the two components depends on x. In this case, the following ratio %!!" # = #! % # + '1! % + # *! # also depends on x. This ratio is known to the researcher. (Limited) risk of false positive and false negative 15
16 DATA Novel data on the whole population of patents by Belgian companies Mo8va8ons Solu8on Data Analysis Conclusion
17 Three databases are used Three waves of O&O statistieken by the Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap Survey data on R&D ( ) Bureau van Dijk s Belfirst Administrative data Patstat database by the OECD-EPO Data on patents ( ) Full sample Subsample (N = 345) N Mean Min Mean Max Std. Dev. Diff. EMP (FTE) , * R&D (mio) , *** AGE COMP (c) COMP_LOC (d) COMP_REG (d) COMP_WORLD (d)
18 The identification of patents proceeds in three steps Among all the priority filings, identify these by Belgian inventors (de Rassenfosse et al.) Identify the companies Match these companies with R&D data - Cy 1 - Cy 2 - Cy 3 - Cy 4 - etc. - Cy 2 - Cy 3 - etc. Popula'on of priority patent applica'ons filed worldwide (i.e. regardless of the PO) 18
19 Even though 85% of all the patents are observed (through PF and SF), partial or no information for half the companies in the sample 27 % None 45 % Some 28 % All 42 % No PF at EPO 26 % Some 31 % All 30 % None 34 % Some 36 % All Correct information for 53% of companies Partial information for 34% of companies No information for 13% of companies 19
20 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS The empirical analysis proceeds in two steps Context Solu8on Data Analysis Conclusion 20
21 Step 1: Innovation production function (IPF) IPF are estimated as Poisson (Hausman et al., 1984): 1,![# $% ' $%,) $ ] = exp/' $% 0 + ) $ 2 = 3 $% 4 $ for $ = 1,, ; and % = 1,,? where the fixed-effect is approximated with the pre-sample mean of the patent series (Blundell et al., JE, 2002) Three dependent variables:! "! "! " + $ " True count Count of PF at EPO Count of PF and SF at EPO 21
22 Step 2: Selection equation The test for a selection bias is estimated as a Bernoulli following Papke and Wooldridge (JAE, 1996): 2 "[$% &' ) &' ] = h() &' /) where h(.) is a link function such as the logistic function. 22
23 1 2 found. (1) found. (2) found. (3) found. (4) found. (5) Dep. Variable:! "! "! #! # + % # &' ln(emp) *** *** *** *** (0.092) (0.099) (0.107) (0.109) (0.303) ln(rd/emp) *** *** *** *** * (0.073) (0.074) (0.127) (0.083) (0.471) ln(age) *** ** (0.120) (0.142 ) (0.143) (0.165) (0.337) COMP *** ** (0.219) (0.204) (0.241) (0.682) PRE_PAT *** 0.35 * ** (0.171) (0.181) (0.305) (0.211) NO_PRE_PAT *** (0.312) (0.331) (0.402) (0.344) NO_PATENT *** (0.415) Constant *** *** *** *** (0.659) (0.624) (0.702) (0.695) (3.037) Industry dummies Y *** Y *** Y *** Y *** Y *** Year dummies Y *** Y *** Y ** Y *** Y Observations Log pseudolikelihood R
24 1 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) Dep. Variable:! "! #! # + % # &' ln(emp) *** *** *** (0.092) (0.103) (0.099) (0.090) ln(rd/emp) *** *** ** ** (0.079) (0.131) (0.086) (0.073) ln(age) ** * (0.130) (0.159) (0.149) (0.123) COMP_LOC *** *** (1.058) (1.327) (0.599) COMP_REG (0.217) (0.351) (0.243) PRE_PAT ** ** (0.170) (0.295) (0.182) NO_PRE_PAT (0.328) (0.390) (0.344) NO_PATENT *** (0.467) Constant *** *** *** (0.660) (0.712) (0.719) (3.420) Industry dummies Y *** Y *** Y *** Y *** Year dummies Y *** Y ** Y *** Y Observations Log pseudolikelihood Pseudo R
25 CONCLUSION Two contributions Mo8va8ons Solu8on Data Analysis Conclusion
26 Wrap up Look at the widespread practice of using one single office of reference for counting patents 1. Single office count biases estimates of the IPF 2. Propose a simple way to test the existence of a selection bias. The methodology allows to detect biases arising from both PF and SF Silent about the direction of the bias 26
27 Implications Global count is warranted. If limited to one office, report estimates for (1) priority filings (2) total filings (i.e. priority filings and second filings) (3) determinants of the proxy variable. If coefficients not significant in (3), one can be reasonably confident that the selection bias does not affect the findings. Application to the competitive environment of the firm. Patent indicator used affects the findings: the effect of competition on innovation is observed only with international, high-value patents. Empirical studies have not generated clear conclusion about the relationship between innovation and competition (Gilbert, 2006): future studies should pay particular attention to the way patents are counted. 27
28 Thank you. 28
29 Counting both priority filings and second filings increases the number of observations Distribution of priority filings: ROW 25 % Share of priority filings identified when second filings are taken into account 85 % of Belgian patents end up at the EPO Belgium has one of the highest rate of patents transferred at the EPO US 5% Belgium 25 % EPO 85 % Belgian case is a very strong test of our claim: if a bias exist with Belgian data, likely to be worst for other countries EPO 45 % 29
The R&D-patent relationship: An industry perspective
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management (SBS-EM) European Center for Advanced Research in Economics and Statistics (ECARES) The R&D-patent relationship: An
More informationFlexible Working Arrangements, Collaboration, ICT and Innovation
Flexible Working Arrangements, Collaboration, ICT and Innovation A Panel Data Analysis Cristian Rotaru and Franklin Soriano Analytical Services Unit Economic Measurement Group (EMG) Workshop, Sydney 28-29
More informationAJAE Appendix: Testing Household-Specific Explanations for the Inverse Productivity Relationship
AJAE Appendix: Testing Household-Specific Explanations for the Inverse Productivity Relationship Juliano Assunção Department of Economics PUC-Rio Luis H. B. Braido Graduate School of Economics Getulio
More informationGasoline Empirical Analysis: Competition Bureau March 2005
Gasoline Empirical Analysis: Update of Four Elements of the January 2001 Conference Board study: "The Final Fifteen Feet of Hose: The Canadian Gasoline Industry in the Year 2000" Competition Bureau March
More informationValuation in the Life Settlements Market
Valuation in the Life Settlements Market New Empirical Evidence Jiahua (Java) Xu 1 1 Institute of Insurance Economics University of St.Gallen Western Risk and Insurance Association 2018 Annual Meeting
More informationStructural Reforms and Agricultural Export Performance An Empirical Analysis
Structural Reforms and Agricultural Export Performance An Empirical Analysis D. Susanto, C. P. Rosson, and R. Costa Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas INTRODUCTION
More information"Primary agricultural commodity trade and labour market outcome
"Primary agricultural commodity trade and labour market outcomes" FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Developpement International African Economic Conference 2014 - Knowledge and innovation
More informationThe Financing and Growth of Firms in China and India: Evidence from Capital Markets
The Financing and Growth of Firms in China and India: Evidence from Capital Markets Tatiana Didier Sergio Schmukler Dec. 12-13, 2012 NIPFP-DEA-JIMF Conference Macro and Financial Challenges of Emerging
More informationAppendix A. Table A.1: Logit Estimates for Elasticities
Estimates from historical sales data Appendix A Table A.1. reports the estimates from the discrete choice model for the historical sales data. Table A.1: Logit Estimates for Elasticities Dependent Variable:
More informationStatistics: Final Project Report Chipotle Water Cup: Water or Soda?
Statistics: Final Project Report Chipotle Water Cup: Water or Soda? Introduction: For our experiment, we wanted to find out how many customers at Chipotle actually get water when they order a water cup.
More informationThe premium for organic wines
Enometrics XV Collioure May 29-31, 2008 Estimating a hedonic price equation from the producer side Points of interest: - assessing whether there is a premium for organic wines, and which one - estimating
More informationAppendix A. Table A1: Marginal effects and elasticities on the export probability
Appendix A Table A1: Marginal effects and elasticities on the export probability Variable PROP [1] PROP [2] PROP [3] PROP [4] Export Probability 0.207 0.148 0.206 0.141 Marg. Eff. Elasticity Marg. Eff.
More informationThe Roles of Social Media and Expert Reviews in the Market for High-End Goods: An Example Using Bordeaux and California Wines
The Roles of Social Media and Expert Reviews in the Market for High-End Goods: An Example Using Bordeaux and California Wines Alex Albright, Stanford/Harvard University Peter Pedroni, Williams College
More informationAn application of cumulative prospect theory to travel time variability
Katrine Hjorth (DTU) Stefan Flügel, Farideh Ramjerdi (TØI) An application of cumulative prospect theory to travel time variability Sixth workshop on discrete choice models at EPFL August 19-21, 2010 Page
More informationWhat does radical price change and choice reveal?
What does radical price change and choice reveal? A project by YarraValley Water and the Centre for Water Policy Management November 2016 CRICOS Provider 00115M latrobe.edu.au CRICOS Provider 00115M Objectives
More informationGender and Firm-size: Evidence from Africa
World Bank From the SelectedWorks of Mohammad Amin March, 2010 Gender and Firm-size: Evidence from Africa Mohammad Amin Available at: https://works.bepress.com/mohammad_amin/20/ Gender and Firm size: Evidence
More informationVolume 30, Issue 1. Gender and firm-size: Evidence from Africa
Volume 30, Issue 1 Gender and firm-size: Evidence from Africa Mohammad Amin World Bank Abstract A number of studies show that relative to male owned businesses, female owned businesses are smaller in size.
More informationEffects of political-economic integration and trade liberalization on exports of Italian Quality Wines Produced in Determined Regions (QWPDR)
Effects of political-economic integration and trade liberalization on exports of Italian Quality Wines Produced in Determined Regions (QWPDR) G. De Blasi, A. Seccia, D. Carlucci, F. G. Santeramo Department
More informationInternet Appendix for CEO Personal Risk-taking and Corporate Policies TABLE IA.1 Pilot CEOs and Firm Risk (Controlling for High Performance Pay)
TABLE IA.1 Pilot CEOs and Firm Risk (Controlling for High Performance Pay) OLS regressions with annualized standard deviation of firm-level monthly stock returns as the dependent variable. A constant is
More informationIntroduction to the Practical Exam Stage 1
Introduction to the Practical Exam Stage 1 2 Agenda Exam Structure How MW Practical Differs from Other Exams What You Must Know How to Approach Exam Questions Time Management Practice Methodologies Stage
More informationTourism and HSR in Spain. Does the AVE increase local visitors?
2 nd Meeting on Transport Economics and Infrastructure Barcelona January 21 st 2016 Tourism and HSR in Spain. Does the AVE increase local visitors? Javier Campos (ULPGC) Daniel Albalate (UB) Juan Luis
More informationNuclear reactors construction costs: The role of lead-time, standardization and technological progress
Nuclear reactors construction costs: The role of lead-time, standardization and technological progress Lina Escobar Rangel and Michel Berthélemy Mines ParisTech - Centre for Industrial Economics CERNA
More informationZeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg., Heft 5, 2015, Online- Anhang
I Are Joiners Trusters? A Panel Analysis of Participation and Generalized Trust Online Appendix Katrin Botzen University of Bern, Institute of Sociology, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; katrin.botzen@soz.unibe.ch
More informationICT Use and Exports. Patricia Kotnik, Eva Hagsten. This is a working draft. Please do not cite or quote without permission of the authors.
ICT Use and Exports Patricia Kotnik, Eva Hagsten This is a working draft. Please do not cite or quote without permission of the authors. September 2012 Introduction Studies have shown that two major distinguishing
More informationDecision making with incomplete information Some new developments. Rudolf Vetschera University of Vienna. Tamkang University May 15, 2017
Decision making with incomplete information Some new developments Rudolf Vetschera University of Vienna Tamkang University May 15, 2017 Agenda Problem description Overview of methods Single parameter approaches
More informationMissing value imputation in SAS: an intro to Proc MI and MIANALYZE
Victoria SAS Users Group November 26, 2013 Missing value imputation in SAS: an intro to Proc MI and MIANALYZE Sylvain Tremblay SAS Canada Education Copyright 2010 SAS Institute Inc. All rights reserved.
More informationFirm structure, reporting incentives and international accounting research
Firm structure, reporting incentives and international accounting research Christof Beuselinck Tilburg University & CentER Presentation prepared for: 2008 CARE Conference FSA & Valuation: cross-border
More informationRELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF ESTIMATES BASED ON PERCENTAGES OF MISSINGNESS USING THREE IMPUTATION NUMBERS IN MULTIPLE IMPUTATION ANALYSIS ABSTRACT
RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF ESTIMATES BASED ON PERCENTAGES OF MISSINGNESS USING THREE IMPUTATION NUMBERS IN MULTIPLE IMPUTATION ANALYSIS Nwakuya, M. T. (Ph.D) Department of Mathematics/Statistics University
More informationThis appendix tabulates results summarized in Section IV of our paper, and also reports the results of additional tests.
Internet Appendix for Mutual Fund Trading Pressure: Firm-level Stock Price Impact and Timing of SEOs, by Mozaffar Khan, Leonid Kogan and George Serafeim. * This appendix tabulates results summarized in
More informationWine-Tasting by Numbers: Using Binary Logistic Regression to Reveal the Preferences of Experts
Wine-Tasting by Numbers: Using Binary Logistic Regression to Reveal the Preferences of Experts When you need to understand situations that seem to defy data analysis, you may be able to use techniques
More informationTable A.1: Use of funds by frequency of ROSCA meetings in 9 research sites (Note multiple answers are allowed per respondent)
Appendix Table A.1: Use of funds by frequency of ROSCA meetings in 9 research sites (Note multiple answers are allowed per respondent) Daily Weekly Every 2 weeks Monthly Every 3 months Every 6 months Total
More informationMEASURING THE OPPORTUNITY COSTS OF TRADE-RELATED CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Tendie Mugadza University of Cape Town MEASURING THE OPPORTUNITY COSTS OF TRADE-RELATED CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 1 PROBLEM: Background/Introduction Africa lags behind in development compared
More informationAppendix Table A1 Number of years since deregulation
Appendix Table A1 Number of years since deregulation This table presents the results of -in-s models incorporating the number of years since deregulation and using data for s with trade flows are above
More informationEestimated coefficient. t-value
Table 1: Estimated wage curves for men, 1983 2009 Dependent variable: log (real wage rate) Dependent variable: log real wage rate Men 1983-2009 Men, 1983-2009 Rendom-effect Fixed-effect z-vae t-vae Men
More informationOnline Appendix. for. Female Leadership and Gender Equity: Evidence from Plant Closure
Online Appendix for Female Leadership and Gender Equity: Evidence from Plant Closure Geoffrey Tate and Liu Yang In this appendix, we provide additional robustness checks to supplement the evidence in the
More informationIntroduction to Management Science Midterm Exam October 29, 2002
Answer 25 of the following 30 questions. Introduction to Management Science 61.252 Midterm Exam October 29, 2002 Graphical Solutions of Linear Programming Models 1. Which of the following is not a necessary
More informationNovember K. J. Martijn Cremers Lubomir P. Litov Simone M. Sepe
ONLINE APPENDIX TABLES OF STAGGERED BOARDS AND LONG-TERM FIRM VALUE, REVISITED November 016 K. J. Martijn Cremers Lubomir P. Litov Simone M. Sepe The paper itself is available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract-id=364165.
More informationInternet Appendix for Does Stock Liquidity Enhance or Impede Firm Innovation? *
Internet Appendix for Does Stock Liquidity Enhance or Impede Firm Innovation? * This Internet Appendix provides supplemental analyses and robustness tests to the main results presented in Does Stock Liquidity
More informationPanel A: Treated firm matched to one control firm. t + 1 t + 2 t + 3 Total CFO Compensation 5.03% 0.84% 10.27% [0.384] [0.892] [0.
Online Appendix 1 Table O1: Determinants of CMO Compensation: Selection based on both number of other firms in industry that have CMOs and number of other firms in industry with MBA educated executives
More informationDemand Fluctuations and Productivity of Service Industries
RIETI Discussion Paper Series 08-E-030 Demand Fluctuations and Productivity of Service Industries MORIKAWA Masayuki RIETI The Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry http://www.rieti.go.jp/en/
More informationCan Belgian Firms cope with the Chinese Dragon and the Asian Tigers? The Export Performance of Multiproduct Firms on Foreign Markets
Can Belgian Firms cope with the Chinese Dragon and the Asian Tigers? The Export Performance of Multiproduct Firms on Foreign Markets Filip Abraham (K.U.Leuven) Jan Van Hove (H.U.Brussel and K.U.Leuven)
More informationExport Spillover and Export Performance in China
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Export Spillover and Export Performance in China Cui Hu and Yong Tan School of International Trade & Economics, Central University of Finance & Economics, Department
More informationTrade Integration and Method of Payments in International Transactions
Trade Integration and Method of Payments in International Transactions Veysel Avşar College of Business - TAMUCC & Alexis Habiyaremye Human Sciences Research Council Cape Town, South Africa Introduction
More informationSurvival of the Fittest: The Impact of Eco-certification on the Performance of German Wineries Patrizia FANASCH
Padua 2017 Abstract Submission I want to submit an abstract for: Conference Presentation Corresponding Author Patrizia Fanasch E-Mail Patrizia.Fanasch@uni-paderborn.de Affiliation Department of Management,
More information1/17/manufacturing-jobs-used-to-pay-really-well-notanymore-e/
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/0 1/17/manufacturing-jobs-used-to-pay-really-well-notanymore-e/ Krugman s Trade Policy History Course: https://webspace.princeton.edu/users/pkrugman/wws%205
More informationDo the rules of the game determine who is playing? Institutional Change, Entrepreneurship and Human Capital
Do the rules of the game determine who is playing? Institutional Change, Entrepreneurship and Human Capital Luca Grilli, Boris Mrkajic, Emanuele Giraudo School of Management Politecnico di Milano, Italy
More informationImputation of multivariate continuous data with non-ignorable missingness
Imputation of multivariate continuous data with non-ignorable missingness Thais Paiva Jerry Reiter Department of Statistical Science Duke University NCRN Meeting Spring 2014 May 23, 2014 Thais Paiva, Jerry
More informationQUALITY, PRICING AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WHEAT INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA
QUALITY, PRICING AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WHEAT INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA 21 September 2015 Dr Johnny van der Merwe Lecturer / Agricultural economics (Prof HD van Schalkwyk and Dr PC Cloete) So what motivated
More informationLecture 13. We continue our discussion of the economic causes of conflict, but now we work with detailed data on a single conflict.
EC3320 2016-2017 Michael Spagat Lecture 13. We continue our discussion of the economic causes of conflict, but now we work with detailed data on a single conflict. The units of analysis for Collier-Hoefller-Fearon-Laitin
More informationCredit Supply and Monetary Policy: Identifying the Bank Balance-Sheet Channel with Loan Applications. Web Appendix
Credit Supply and Monetary Policy: Identifying the Bank Balance-Sheet Channel with Loan Applications By GABRIEL JIMÉNEZ, STEVEN ONGENA, JOSÉ-LUIS PEYDRÓ, AND JESÚS SAURINA Web Appendix APPENDIX A -- NUMBER
More informationReligion and Innovation
Religion and Innovation Roland Bénabou Davide Ticchi Andrea Vindigni Princeton University IMT Lucca IMT Lucca & NBER & CIFAR Collegio Carlo Alberto American Economic Review P&P (2015) Introduction Economics
More informationDERIVED DEMAND FOR FRESH CHEESE PRODUCTS IMPORTED INTO JAPAN
PBTC 05-04 PBTC 02-6 DERIVED DEMAND FOR FRESH CHEESE PRODUCTS IMPORTED INTO JAPAN By Andreas P. Christou, Richard L. Kilmer, James A. Stearns, Shiferaw T. Feleke, & Jiaoju Ge PBTC 05-04 September 2005
More informationLiquidity and Risk Premia in Electricity Futures Markets
Liquidity and Risk Premia in Electricity Futures Markets IAEE Conference, Singapore, June 2017 Ivan Diaz-Rainey Associate Professor of Finance & Co-Director of the Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) With
More informationSurvival of the Fittest: The Impact of Eco-certification on the Performance of German Wineries. Patrizia Fanasch University of Paderborn, Germany
Survival of the Fittest: The Impact of Eco-certification on the Performance of German Wineries University of Paderborn, Germany Motivation Demand (Customer) Rising awareness and interest in organic products
More informationFinancing Decisions of REITs and the Switching Effect
Financing Decisions of REITs and the Switching Effect By Lucia Gibilaro University of Bergamo Department of Management, Economics and Quantitative Methods and Gianluca Mattarocci University of Rome Tor
More informationFiscal Reaction Functions of Different Euro Area Countries
Fiscal Reaction Functions of Different Euro Area Countries Klaus Weyerstrass 56th SIE Annual Conference, Naples, 22-24 October 2015 Introduction sustainability of public finances Fiscal reaction functions
More informationIntroduction to the Practical Exam Stage 1. Presented by Amy Christine MW, DC Flynt MW, Adam Lapierre MW, Peter Marks MW
Introduction to the Practical Exam Stage 1 Presented by Amy Christine MW, DC Flynt MW, Adam Lapierre MW, Peter Marks MW 2 Agenda Exam Structure How MW Practical Differs from Other Exams What You Must Know
More informationWine Futures: Pricing and Allocation as Levers against Quality Uncertainty
Padua 2017 Abstract Submission I want to submit an abstract for: Conference Presentation Corresponding Author Burak Kazaz E-Mail bkazaz@syr.edu Affiliation Syracuse University, Whitman School of Management
More informationThe Impact of Free Trade Agreement on Trade Flows;
The Impact of Free Trade Agreement on Trade Flows; An Application of the Gravity Model Approach By Shujiro URATA and Misa OKABE Session 1 of Part II, RIETI Policy Symposium Assessing Quality and Impacts
More informationUsing Patent Information to Promote R&D and Job Creation in Rwanda. Dr. Elangi Botoy Ituku KARONGI RULINDO June 1-5, 2015
Using Patent Information to Promote R&D and Job Creation in Rwanda Dr. Elangi Botoy Ituku KARONGI RULINDO June 1-5, 2015 Contents The Patent System Promotion of R&D: Examples Other Use of Patent Information
More informationJ / A V 9 / N O.
July/Aug 2003 Volume 9 / NO. 7 See Story on Page 4 Implications for California Walnut Producers By Mechel S. Paggi, Ph.D. Global production of walnuts is forecast to be up 3 percent in 2002/03 reaching
More informationA Hedonic Analysis of Retail Italian Vinegars. Summary. The Model. Vinegar. Methodology. Survey. Results. Concluding remarks.
Vineyard Data Quantification Society "Economists at the service of Wine & Vine" Enometrics XX A Hedonic Analysis of Retail Italian Vinegars Luigi Galletto, Luca Rossetto Research Center for Viticulture
More informationRéseau Vinicole Européen R&D d'excellence
Réseau Vinicole Européen R&D d'excellence Lien de la Vigne / Vinelink 1 Paris, 09th March 2012 R&D is strategic for the sustainable competitiveness of the EU wine sector However R&D focus and investment
More informationThe challenge of tackling Campylobacter in Belgium
1 The challenge of tackling Campylobacter in Belgium May 7 th 2014 DG SANCO workshop on the control of Campylobacter in poultry Isabel De Boosere 2 Content Background National risk assessment National
More informationNot to be published - available as an online Appendix only! 1.1 Discussion of Effects of Control Variables
1 Appendix Not to be published - available as an online Appendix only! 1.1 Discussion of Effects of Control Variables Table 1 in the main text includes a number of additional control variables. We find
More informationInternational Journal of Wine Business Research: Background and How to Get Published. Professor Johan Bruwer. (Editor-in-Chief)
International Journal of Wine Business Research: Background and How to Get Published Professor Johan Bruwer (Editor-in-Chief) CAUTHE SIG Research Symposium, 21 April 2017 Outline IJWBR 29 years old and
More informationScientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Tax Credit
Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Tax Credit David Spicer, LLB, CA - BDO Dunwoody LLP Melanie Thomson, BSc, Dip.AIT - BDO Dunwoody LLP BC Wine Grape Council 10 th Annual Enology
More informationOnline Appendix to The Effect of Liquidity on Governance
Online Appendix to The Effect of Liquidity on Governance Table OA1: Conditional correlations of liquidity for the subsample of firms targeted by hedge funds This table reports Pearson and Spearman correlations
More informationOIV Revised Proposal for the Harmonized System 2017 Edition
OIV Revised Proposal for the Harmonized System 2017 Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preamble... 3 2. Proposal to amend subheading 2204.29 of the Harmonized System (HS)... 4 3. Bag-in-box containers: a growing
More informationWork Sample (Minimum) for 10-K Integration Assignment MAN and for suppliers of raw materials and services that the Company relies on.
Work Sample (Minimum) for 10-K Integration Assignment MAN 4720 Employee Name: Your name goes here Company: Starbucks Date of Your Report: Date of 10-K: PESTEL 1. Political: Pg. 5 The Company supports the
More informationLack of Credibility, Inflation Persistence and Disinflation in Colombia
Lack of Credibility, Inflation Persistence and Disinflation in Colombia Second Monetary Policy Workshop, Lima Andrés González G. and Franz Hamann Banco de la República http://www.banrep.gov.co Banco de
More informationA FLOURISHING SUPPLY & BURGEONING CONSUMER INTEREST PRESENT AN OPPORTUNITY TO INNOVATE
A FLOURISHING SUPPLY & BURGEONING CONSUMER INTEREST PRESENT AN OPPORTUNITY TO INNOVATE Eight hundred grower families cultivate 99% of the U.S. hazelnut crop on farms nestled along the Willamette Valley
More informationOnline Appendix to Voluntary Disclosure and Information Asymmetry: Evidence from the 2005 Securities Offering Reform
Online Appendix to Voluntary Disclosure and Information Asymmetry: Evidence from the 2005 Securities Offering Reform This document contains several additional results that are untabulated but referenced
More informationPerspective of the Labor Market for security guards in Israel in time of terror attacks
Perspective of the Labor Market for security guards in Israel in time of terror attacks 2000-2004 By Alona Shemesh Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel March 2013, Brussels Number of terror attacks Number
More informationChapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model. Pearson Education Limited All rights reserved.
Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 1-1 Preview Opportunity costs and comparative advantage A one-factor Ricardian model Production possibilities Gains from trade
More informationPreview. Introduction (cont.) Introduction. Comparative Advantage and Opportunity Cost (cont.) Comparative Advantage and Opportunity Cost
Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Preview Opportunity costs and comparative advantage A one-factor Ricardian model Production possibilities Gains from trade Wages
More informationPreview. Introduction. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model
Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model. Preview Opportunity costs and comparative advantage A one-factor Ricardian model Production possibilities Gains from trade Wages
More informationA COMPARISON OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AND GENERIC PREFERENCE-BASED MEASURES OF HEALTH
A COMPARISON OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AND GENERIC PREFERENCE-BASED MEASURES OF HEALTH Chris Sampson evidence from the BHPS Plan Introduction Literature Potential differences Methods Determinants Responsiveness
More informationKALLAS, Z.; ESCOBAR, C. & GIL, J.M.
Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia Edifici ESAB Carrer Esteve Terradas, 8 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona ARE PREFERENCES FOR RED WINE IN SPECIAL OCCASION HETEROGENEOUS?: FORCED VERSUS NON FORCED APPROACH
More informationMarket, Regulatory & Policy Update for Plant-based Ingredients
Market, Regulatory & Policy Update for Plant-based Ingredients 11th PROTEIN SUMMIT, Lille, 24-26 October 2018 Yves Goemans, Chairman EUVEPRO, European Vegetable Protein Association OUTLINE I. Introducing
More informationEmerging Local Food Systems in the Caribbean and Southern USA July 6, 2014
Consumers attitudes toward consumption of two different types of juice beverages based on country of origin (local vs. imported) Presented at Emerging Local Food Systems in the Caribbean and Southern USA
More informationA study on consumer perception about soft drink products
A study on consumer perception about soft drink products Dr.S.G.Parekh Assistant Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India Email: sg_parekh@yahoo.com
More informationLabor Supply of Married Couples in the Formal and Informal Sectors in Thailand
Southeast Asian Journal of Economics 2(2), December 2014: 77-102 Labor Supply of Married Couples in the Formal and Informal Sectors in Thailand Chairat Aemkulwat 1 Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University
More informationChapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model
Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Preview Opportunity costs and comparative advantage A one-factor Ricardian model Production possibilities Gains from trade Wages
More informationPreview. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model
Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Preview Opportunity costs and comparative advantage A one-factor Ricardian model Production possibilities Gains from trade Wages
More informationHousing Quality in Europe A Comparative Analysis Based on EU-SILC Data
Housing Quality in Europe A Comparative Analysis Based on EU-SILC Data Heinz-Herbert Noll & Stefan Weick GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences Social Indicators Research Centre (ZSi) Mannheim,
More informationThe Sources of Risk Spillovers among REITs: Asset Similarities and Regional Proximity
The Sources of Risk Spillovers among REITs: Asset Similarities and Regional Proximity Zeno Adams EBS Business School Roland Füss EBS Business School ZEW Mannheim Felix Schinder ZEW Mannheim Steinbeis University
More informationMobility tools and use: Accessibility s role in Switzerland
Mobility tools and use: Accessibility s role in Switzerland A Loder IVT ETH Brisbane, July 2017 In Swiss cities, public transport is competitive if not advantageous. 22 min 16-26 min 16-28 min 2 And between
More informationARIMNet2 Young Researchers Seminar
ARIMNet2 Young Researchers Seminar How to better involve end-users throughout the research process to foster innovation-driven research for a sustainable Mediterranean agriculture at the farm and local
More informationFair Trade and Free Entry: Can a Disequilibrium Market Serve as a Development Tool? Online Appendix September 2014
Fair Trade and Free Entry: Can a Disequilibrium Market Serve as a Development Tool? 1. Data Construction Online Appendix September 2014 The data consist of the Association s records on all coffee acquisitions
More informationPutting dollar value on whaling
Putting dollar value on whaling Can bargaining break deadlock in whaling conflict? Miho Wakamatsu, Kong Joo Shin, and Shunsuke Managi Urban Institute and Dept. of Urban & Env. Engineering, School of Engineering,
More informationStatistics & Agric.Economics Deptt., Tocklai Experimental Station, Tea Research Association, Jorhat , Assam. ABSTRACT
Two and a Bud 59(2):152-156, 2012 RESEARCH PAPER Global tea production and export trend with special reference to India Prasanna Kumar Bordoloi Statistics & Agric.Economics Deptt., Tocklai Experimental
More informationConsumer and Market Insights Symposium James Omond Lawyer & trade mark attorney, Omond & Co Board Member, Wine Victoria and WFA
Consumer and Market Insights Symposium 2015 James Omond Lawyer & trade mark attorney, Omond & Co Board Member, Wine Victoria and WFA Trade and Export Victorian wine industry is an important exporting partner
More informationOF THE VARIOUS DECIDUOUS and
(9) PLAXICO, JAMES S. 1955. PROBLEMS OF FACTOR-PRODUCT AGGRE- GATION IN COBB-DOUGLAS VALUE PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS. JOUR. FARM ECON. 37: 644-675, ILLUS. (10) SCHICKELE, RAINER. 1941. EFFECT OF TENURE SYSTEMS
More informationA latent class approach for estimating energy demands and efficiency in transport:
Energy Policy Research Group Seminars A latent class approach for estimating energy demands and efficiency in transport: An application to Latin America and the Caribbean Manuel Llorca Oviedo Efficiency
More informationChild Nutrition Program participation: Special Provision operation: Areas of Review. Commendations
Date of Administrative Review: 12/5/2017 Date review results were provided to the School Food Authority (SFA): 12/11/2017 Date review summary was publicly posted: 12/11/2017 Child Nutrition Program participation:
More informationHW 5 SOLUTIONS Inference for Two Population Means
HW 5 SOLUTIONS Inference for Two Population Means 1. The Type II Error rate, β = P{failing to reject H 0 H 0 is false}, for a hypothesis test was calculated to be β = 0.07. What is the power = P{rejecting
More informationTo make wine, to sell the grapes or to deliver them to a cooperative: determinants of the allocation of the grapes
American Association of Wine Economists (AAWE) 10 th Annual Conference Bordeaux June 21-25, 2016 To make wine, to sell the grapes or to deliver them to a cooperative: determinants of the allocation of
More informationPrevious analysis of Syrah
Perception and interest of French consumers for Syrah / Shiraz Introduction Plan Previous analysis on Syrah vine and on consumer behaviour for this kind of wine Methods of research Building the General
More informationThe Bank Lending Channel of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy: A Euro-area bank-level Analysis
The Bank Lending Channel of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy: A Euro-area bank-level Analysis by U. Albertazzi, A. Nobili and F. Signoretti (Banca d Italia) Workshop : Effectiveness and
More information