Phytochemical Constituents And Synergistic Activity Of Olea Europaea Plant Extracts Against Some Human Disease Causing Species

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1 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Reearch ad Advaced Studie (IJIRAS) Volume 3 Iue 13, December 216 ISSN: Phytochemical Cotituet Ad Syergitic Activity Of Olea Europaea Plat Extract Agait Some Huma Dieae Cauig Specie Fatema Shah Ziaul Haa Departmet of Microbiology, Saifia College of Sciece, Bhopal, Idia Kamal Uddi Zaidi Biotechology Pharmacology Laboratory, Cetre for Scietific Reearch & Developmet, People Uiverity, Bhopal, Idia Abtract: Medicial plat are exteively ued for the cure of differet ifectiou dieae. Ifectiou dieae caued by bacteria have a large impact o public health. Thi tudy aimed to determie the i vitro atibacterial activity of the medicial plat Olea europaea agait the bacterial trai aociated with ifectiou dieae. Extract of Olea europaea were teted for their atibacterial activity agait three bacterial pecie iclude gram-poitive bacteria (Staphylococcu ) ad gram-egative bacteria (Echerichia ad Peudomoa oa) uig the microdilutio method. I the preet tudy we foud that methaolic extract of O. europaea i combiatio of ampicilli how higher zoe of ihibitio ad leer MIC value a compared to methaolic extract of leave of O. europaea or ampicilli whe ued aloe. Syergitic atimicrobial activity wa foud whe methaolic extract of leave of O. europaea wa ued i combiatio with ampicilli agait agait ad aerogioa (FIC.). Partial Syergitic atimicrobial activity wa oberved agait. Methaolic extract of tem ad root of O. europaea i combiatio with ampicilli gave idifferet atimicrobial reult (FIC = ). Bezee extract of the leaf, tem ad root of O. europaea i combiatio with ampicilli howed idifferet atimicrobial reult (FIC = ). Aqueou extract of leave of O. europaea i combiatio with ampicilli howed Partial Syergitic atimicrobial activity agait, aerogioa ad. (FIC =. 1.). Aqueou extract of the tem ad root of O. europaea i combiatio with ampicilli howed idifferet atimicrobial reult (FIC = ). Thi tudy idicate clear evidece upportig the traditioal ue of Olea europaea i treatig ifectiou dieae related to bacteria. Keyword Olive, Microorgaim, Atibiotic, Dieae, Solvet extractio Abbreviatio FIC Fractio Ihibitory Cocetratio MIC Miimum Ihibitory Cocetratio ZOI Zoe of Ihibitio Staphylococcu Echerichia aerogioa Peudomoa oa O. europaea Olea europaea I. INTRODUCTION The earch for alterative atimicrobial compoud i a urget area of biomedical reearch ad extract derived from plat have log held iteret a potetial ource of ew therapeutic aget. The medicial ue of plat i probably a old a makid. Plat have cotiued to be a valuable ource of atural product for maitaiig huma health. Variou Page cotact@ijira.com

2 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Reearch ad Advaced Studie (IJIRAS) Volume 3 Iue 13, December 216 ISSN: medicial plat have bee ued for year i daily life to treat dieae all over the world. Oe of the remotet work i traditioal herbal medicie i virikhayurveda, compiled eve before the begiig of Chritia era (Sarah et al., 216; Himal et al., 28;). Olea europaea plat have bee how to be a promiig ource of potet atimicrobial aget. Plat derived ubtace have recetly become of great iteret owig to their veratile applicatio. Medicial plat are the richet bio-reource of drug of traditioal ytem of medicie, moder medicie, utraceutical, food upplemet, folk medicie, pharmaceutical itermediate ad chemical etitie for ythetic drug (Padey et al., 214; Ami Mir ad Sawhey, 213;Ncube et al., 28). Pheolic compoud i the olive fruit uch a oleuropei, tyrool, hydroxytyrool, caffeic acid, gallic acid, yrigic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybezoic acid, protocatechuic acid, querceti, ad luteoli how atimicrobial activity agait virue, bacteria, yeat, ad fugi (Dagdele et al., 216;Karaomaoglu et al., 21; Media et al., 27). Thi tudy wa deiged at autheticated the traditioal ue of Olea europaea medicial plat agait huma pathogeic bacteria, cauig a umber of huma dieae icludig Echerichia, Peudomoa oa ad Staphylococcu by ae their i vitro atibacterial activity. Due to iufficiet creeig of the atural compoud ad the limited udertadig of their mechaim of actio agait the microorgaim the eed of the hour i to idetify more ad more atural compoud which exhibit yergitic behavior with the atibiotic. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS COLLECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT MATERIAL Plat material Olea europaea (Olive) were purchaed from local market ad were autheticated by Dr. Kha of Botay, Departmet Saifia Sciece College Bhopal. The voucher pecime o (J/R21) wa depoited at the Herbarium of the Faculty of Botay Departmet, Saifia Sciece College Bhopal (M.) Idia HUMAN PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS Huma dieae cauig bacteria; Echerichia (MTCC 739), Staphylococcu (MTCC 96) Peudomoa oa (MTCC 74) were procured from Ititute of Microbial Techology, Chadigarh (IMTECH), Idia. Thee bacterial trai were the ued for tudyig the atimicrobial efficiecy. PREPARATION OF PLANT EXTRACT The phytochemical cotituet of the Olea europaea plat part (leaf, tem, ad root) were extracted i oxhlet apparatu uig variou olvet Kokate, 1991; Treae ad Eva, 1989). Soxhlet extractio i ued for eparatig compoet baed o the differece i the olubility i the olvet. The powdered plat material ( gm) wa placed i the oxhlet extractor flak. ml of the orgaic olvet wa take i the roud bottom flak. The oxhlet extractio wa carried out cotiuouly at a appropriate temperature for 6-8 hr, till colorle extract i collected i the extractor flak. The extract thu obtaied wa collected i collectio bottle ad wa further ubjected to cocetratio uig Rotary vacuum evaporator. After oxhlet extractio the extract obtaied were filtered ad the each of the extract wa cocetrated uig rotary vacuum evaporator. The idividual extract were take i roud bottom flak which wa heated at appropriate temperature o a water bath. The vapor of the olvet rie i the codeer ad after codeatio the olvet droplet wa collected i the collectig flak. The reultat ticky ma wa collected i the crucible. It wa dried at a low temperature i the ove. The olid ma obtaied wa tored i a uitable volume of 1% dimethyl ulphoxide (DMSO) with a drop of Twee-2. Aqueou extract of the idividual plat part wa prepared by decoctio method. Filter paper packet of gm of the idividual plat part were prepared. Thee packet were place eparately i 2 ml of hot water cotaied i bottle. The extractio wa carried out for 24 o C with itermittet hakig. The extract obtaied were cocetrated ad dried. The dried ma obtaied wa tored i a uitable volume of 1% dimethyl ulphate (DMSO) with a drop of twee-2. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Chemical tet were carried out to idetify variou cotituet uig tadard method of (Treae ad Eva 1989; Harboe, 1973). Mayer reaget wa prepared by diolvig 1.36 gram of mercuric chloride i 6 ml of ditilled water ad gram of potaium iodide i 2 ml of ditilled water. Both the above olutio wa mixed ad volume of the reaget adjuted to 1 ml by ditilled water. 1 ml of the plat extract wa take ad few drop of mayer reaget were added. Formatio of cream colour precipitate wa cofirm the preece of alkaloid. Fehlig olutio wa prepared by diolvig 4.36 gram of copper ulphate i ml of ditilled water ad by diolvig 17.3 gram of odium potaium tartarate ad gram of odium hydroxide i ml of ditilled water. Both the olutio were mixed prior to ue.1 ml of the extract were take ad few drop of fehlig olutio wa added. Formatio of red precipitate cofirm the preece of carbohydrate ad glycoide. Ferric chloride olutio wa prepared by diolvig gram of ferric chloride i 1 ml of 9% ethaol. 1 ml of extract wa take ad few drop of ferric chloride olutio were added. Formatio of bluih black precipitate cofirm the preece of pheolic compoud ad tai. Nihydri olutio wa prepared by diolvig.3 gram of ihydri i 1 ml of ethaol. 1 ml of extract wa take ad few drop of ihydri olutio were added ad purplih pik colour cofirm the preece of protei ad amio acid i extract. Alkalie reaget wa prepared by diolvig 1 gram of odium hydroxide i 1 ml of ditilled water. 1 ml of extract wa take ad few drop of odium hydroxide olutio were added. Itee yellow colour cofirm the preece of flavooid. 1 ml of the extract wa take ad mixed with few drop of chloroform ad few drop of ulphuric acid. A reddih brow colour cofirm the Page cotact@ijira.com

3 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Reearch ad Advaced Studie (IJIRAS) Volume 3 Iue 13, December 216 ISSN: preece of terpeoid.1 ml of the extract wa take ad diluted with ditilled water to 1 ml. Formatio of table foam cofirm the preece of apoi.1 ml of the extract wa mixed with ml of ditilled water mixture wa heated ad to it wa added ml of 1% HCl. Formatio of red precipitate cofirm the preece of phlobatai.1 ml of the extract wa take ad to it wa added i 2 ml of chloroform ad 2 ml of cocetrated ulphuric acid. Formatio of reddih brow layer at the iterface cofirm the preece of teroid. ( FIC) i the um of the FICS of each of the plat extract ad atibiotic (Rakholiya et al., 21). CALCULATIONS The FIC wa calculated for plat extract ad atibiotic a follow: The FIC wa calculated for plat extract ad atibiotic a follow: ASSAY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY USING DISC DIFFUSION METHOD Dic diffuio method for atimicrobial uceptibility tetig wa carried out accordig to the tadard method by Bauer et al., 1996 to ae the preece of atibacterial activitie of the variou ample. A bacterial upeio wa prepared for each of bacteria ued for the tudy. 1 ml of the bacterial upeio wa take i terile petriplate. To it wa added molte utriet agar media uder aeptic coditio ad mixed well. It wa allowed to olidify for 1 hour to allow the bacteria to grow. Thee plate were ued for eitivity tet. Whatma filter paper dic were impregated with the ample ad were placed o utriet agar urface. Poitive cotrol plate wa alo prepared with tadard atibiotic dic ad egative cotrol plate wa prepared uig DMSO. The plate were the icubated at 37 o C for 24 hr. After the icubatio the plate were examie for zoe of ihibitio. The ihibitio zoe were meaured uig atibiotic zoe reader cale DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC) The miimum ihibitory cocetratio of the plat extract, atibiotic ad combiatio of plat extract ad atibiotic wa determied by dilutig the extract i Nutriet broth to give cocetratio of 124, 12, 26, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4 ad 2 µg /ml. 2 ml of plat extract, atibiotic ad combiatio of plat extract ad atibiotic wa added to the firt tube cotaiig 2 ml of broth. The tube wa hake ad 2 ml traferred aeptically to the ext tube cotaiig the ame quatity of broth. Thi wa doe util erial dilutio wa achieved i the lat tube that i the teth tube. The.1 ml of the MTCC bacterial culture upeio wa ioculated ito each tet tube ad they were icubated at 37 o C for 24 hour. The aborbace of the tube wa take i UV-VIS pectrophotometer. The miimum ihibitory cocetratio wa regarded a the lowet cocetratio of the extract that did ot permit ay viible growth whe compared with the cotrol tube. CALCULATE FIC AND FIC INDEX A widely accepted method, to meaure the effect of combiatio of plat extract ad atibiotic i the fractioal idex. The fractioal idex i ued to idetify whether a combiatio therapy i yergitic, additive or atagoitic. The Ihibitory Cocetratio i determied uig MIC meauremet. The fractioal Ihibitory Cocetratio Idex Calculated the ummatio of FIC ( FIC) idex for each combiatio a follow:- FIC = FIC of Plat Extract + FIC of Atibiotic III. RESULTS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS WITH AMPICILLIN The ZOI of the leaf extract agait, oa ad wa 18 mm, 18 mm ad 14 mm repectively. The ZOI of the combiatio of leaf extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 29mm, 27mm ad 2mm. The MIC of the leaf extract wa 16 µg/ml, 32 µg/ml ad 128µg/ml agait, oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of leaf extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 2µg/ml, 8µg/ml ad 16µg/ml repectively. The ZOI of the tem extract agait, oa ad wa 1mm, mm ad 8mm repectively. The ZOI of the combiatio of tem extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 24 mm, 22 mm ad 23 mm. The MIC of the tem extract wa 128 µg/ml, 64µg/ml ad 32µg/ml agait, oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of tem extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 16 µg/ml, 32µg/ml ad 16µg/ml repectively. The ZOI of the root extract agait, oa ad wa mm. The ZOI of the combiatio of root extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 23 mm, 22 mm ad 23 mm. The MIC of the root extract wa 32µg/ml, 32µg/ml ad 128µg/ml agait, oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of root extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 16µg/ml, 32µg/ml ad 32µg/ml repectively (Table 1). Plat material Leaf Zoe of Ihibitio ( mm ) oa Miimum Ihibitory Cocetratio i µg/ml ( MIC ) oa Fractioal Ihibitory Coc. FIC & FIC i Leaf i Stem i Stem i Root aeru gio a Page cotact@ijira.com

4 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Reearch ad Advaced Studie (IJIRAS) Volume 3 Iue 13, December 216 ISSN: i Root + i Table 1: Zoe of Ihibitio, Miimum Ihibitory Cocetratio ad Fractioal Ihibitory Cocetratio of Methaolic extract of leaf, tem ad root of O. europaea L. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMBINED EFFECT OF BENZENE EXTRACTS WITH AMPICILLIN The ZOI of the leaf Extract agait, oa ad wa 8mm, 1mm ad 8mm repectively. The ZOI of the combiatio of leaf extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 24mm, 23mm ad 23mm. The MIC of the leaf Extract wa 16µg/ml, 64µg/ml ad 26µg/ml agait, oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of leaf extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 8µg/ml, 32µg/ml ad 32µg/ml repectively. The ZOI of the tem extract agait, oa ad wa mm. The ZOI of the combiatio of tem extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 24mm, 22mm ad 23mm. The MIC of the tem extract wa 32µg/ml, 128µg/ml ad 26µg/ml agait, P.oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of tem extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 16µg/ml, 32µg/ml ad 32µg/ml repectively. The ZOI of the root extract agait, oa ad wa 9mm, mm ad mm repectively. The ZOI of the combiatio of root extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 2 mm, 21mm ad 23mm. The MIC of the root extract wa 64µg/ml, 32µg/ml ad 64µg/ml agait, oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of root extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 8µg/ml, 16µg/ml ad 32µg/ml repectively (Table 2). Plat material Zoe of Ihibitio ( mm ) o a Miimum Ihibitory Cocetratio i µg/ml ( MIC ) col i aerug ioa Fractioal Ihibitory Coc. FIC & FIC oa Leaf Leaf Stem Stem Root Root Table 2: Zoe of Ihibitio, Miimum Ihibitory Cocetratio ad Fractioal Ihibitory Cocetratio of Bezee extract of leaf, tem ad root of O. europaea L. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMBINED EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS WITH AMPICILLIN The ZOI of the leaf extract agait, oa ad wa 14 mm, 1 mm ad 9 mm repectively. The ZOI of the combiatio of leaf extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 26mm, 2mm ad 22mm. The MIC of the leaf Extract wa 64µg/ml, 64µg/ml ad 26µg/ml agait, oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of leaf extract of O.europaea ad ampicilli were 8µg/ml, 16µg/ml ad 32µg/ml repectively. The ZOI of the tem Extract agait, oa ad wa 9 mm, mm ad 8 mm repectively. The ZOI of the combiatio of tem extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 24mm, 22mm ad 23mm. The MIC of the tem extract wa 64 µg/ml, 32µg/ml ad 32µg/ml agait, oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of tem extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 8µg/ml, 16µg/ml ad 16µg/ml repectively. The ZOI of the root extract agait, oa ad wa mm. The ZOI of the combiatio of root extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 24mm, 22 mm ad 23 mm. The MIC of the root Extract wa 32µg/ml, 128µg/ml ad 26µg/ml agait, oa ad. The MIC of the combiatio of root extract of O. europaea ad ampicilli were 16µg/ml, 32µg/ml ad 32µg/ml repectively (Table 3). Plat material Zoe of Ihibitio ( mm ) oa Miimum Ihibitory Cocetratio i µg/ml ( MIC ) oa Fractioal Ihibitory Coc. FIC & FIC oa Leaf Leaf Stem Stem Root Root Table 3: Zoe of Ihibitio, Miimum Ihibitory Cocetratio ad Fractioal Ihibitory Cocetratio of Aqueou extract of leaf, tem ad root of O. europaea L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PLANT EXTRACTS OLEA EUROPAEA Differet olvet of varyig polarity were ued for the extractio of the three part of O. europaea for phytochemical aalyi ad the reult of the extractio revealed the preece of variou phytochemical cotituet. Methaolic extract howed the preece of carbohydrate, glycoide, pheol, tai, protei, amio acid, flavooid, terpeoid ad teroid. While the bezee extract carbohydrate, glycoide, protei ad amio acid are preet. Aqueou extract howed Page cotact@ijira.com

5 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Reearch ad Advaced Studie (IJIRAS) Volume 3 Iue 13, December 216 ISSN: Plat Cotitue t the preece of alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoide, pheol, tai, protei, amio acid, flavooid ad terpeoid. Stem extract of O europaea i methaol howed the preece of alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoide, protei, amio acid, apoi ad teroid. Bezee extract of the tem howed the preece of carbohydrate, glycoide, protei ad amio acid. Wherea i aqueou extract apoi are alo preet with carbohydrate ad protei. Alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoide, terpeoid, apoi ad teroid were preet i the methaolic extract of O europaea root. Aqueou extract howed the preece of alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoide, protei, amio acid, terpeoid ad apoi while o phytocotituet were foud i the bezee extract (Table 4). Metha ol Leaf Stem Root Bez ee Aque ou Metha ol Bez ee Aque ou Metha ol Alkaloid Carbohyd rate ad glycoide Pheolic compou d ad tai Protei ad amio acid Flavooid Terpeoid Bez ee Sapoi Phlobata i Steroid Table 4: Phytochemical cotituet preet i methaolic, bezee ad aqueou extract of leaf, tem ad root of Olea europaea L. IV. DISCUSSION Aque ou I the preet tudy we foud that methaolic extract of O. europaea i combiatio of ampicilli how higher zoe of ihibitio ad leer MIC value a compared to methaolic extract of leave of O. europaea or ampicilli whe ued aloe. Syergitic atimicrobial activity wa foud whe methaolic extract of leave of O. europaea wa ued i combiatio with ampicilli agait agait ad aerogioa (FIC.). Protathera pecie, like may other autralia plat, have bee how to have eetial oil with potet atimicrobial activity. Eetial oil from the deert pecie cetrali have bee how to be effective agait gram-poitive bacteria with MIC agait of approximately.1 mg/ml(colli et al., 214). O the other had, treptomyci ulfate ad chlorampheicol ued a poitive cotrol howed trog atibacterial activitie agait both Gram-poitive ad Gram-egative bacteria like a the reult of previou tudie (Kha et al., 214). Partial Syergitic atimicrobial activity wa oberved agait. Methaolic extract of tem ad root of O. europaea i combiatio with ampicilli gave idifferet atimicrobial reult (FIC = ). Bezee extract of the leaf, tem ad root of O. europaea i combiatio with ampicilli howed idifferet atimicrobial reult (FIC = ). Aqueou extract of leave of O. europaea i combiatio with ampicilli howed partial yergitic atimicrobial activity agait, aerogioa ad. (FIC =. 1.). All the plat part were extracted with methaol, bezee ad aqueou becaue thee coidered a the bet olvet for the extractio of atimicrobial ubtace ad may cotai divere chemical compoud with biological activity (Roble et al., 213; Tekwu et al., 212). Aqueou extract of the tem ad root of O. europaea i combiatio with ampicilli howed idifferet atimicrobial reult (FIC = ). The alcoholic extract ha greater effect a compared to Bezee ad aqueou extract which may be due to the fact that alcohol i comparatively a better olvet a compared with water ad bezee for extractio of phytochemical (Levy ad Marhall, 24). Plat atimicrobial have bee foud to be yergitic ehacer i that they have little atimicrobial property aloe but whe they are take cocurretly with tadard drug ehace the effect of atibiotic (Chada ad Rakholiya 211). Mechaim of yergy i till iufficietly reearched. Some author ugget that phytocompoud diturb cell wall or icreae permeability of the cytoplamic membrae ad thereby facilitate the iflux of atibiotic ad produce efflux pump ihibitor (Sibada ad Okoh, 27). Differetial atimicrobial activity of herb agait differet bacteria might be due to preet of differet active phyto-compoud. Amog thoe atimicrobial compoud pheolic compoud, terpeoid, ad alkaloid are very importat compoud i atimicrobial or atioxidat effect (Rio ad Recio, 2). The aalyi of olive leaf extract allowed the idetificatio of eve pheolic compoud caffeic acid, verbacoide, oleuropei, luteoli 7-O-glucoide, ruti, apigei 7-Oglucoide ad luteoli 4 -O-glucoide (Pereira, et. al., 26). Thi work cofirm the atibacterial activity of O. europaea extract ad how their potetial ue a aget which ehace atibiotic activity. V. CONCLUSION I aciet ad moder era, aerial part of herb have bee geerally ued for the cure of crucial health care ad variety of ailmet acro the world deped o geographical cultivatio. Leave of O. europea play a vital role i health care ytem due to cotaiig of certai phytochemical. Overall reult of curret tudy reflect that highet atimicrobial activitie were determied agait Echerichia, Peudomoa oa ad Staphylococcu. Amog elected tudied medicial plat, O. europea leaf howed more atibacterial activity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author are grateful to People Uiverity, Bhopal, for providig laboratory facilitie ad for gratig fiacial aitace to carry out thi work, ad Pricipal ad Secretary, Saifia College of Sciece, Bhopal, for ecouragemet. Page cotact@ijira.com

6 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Reearch ad Advaced Studie (IJIRAS) Volume 3 Iue 13, December 216 ISSN: CONFLICT OF INTEREST The author declare that there i o coflict of iteret regardig the publicatio of thi review. REFERENCES [1] Ami Mir M, Sawhey SS, Jaal MMS (213) Qualitative ad quatitative aalyi of phttochemical of taraxacum officiale. Wudpecker J. Pharmacy ad Pharmocol. 2(1): 1. [2] Bauer R, Kirby M, Sherri J, Turck M (1996) Atibiotic uceptibility tetig by tadard dik diffuio method. Am. J. Cli. Pathology. 4: [3] Chada S, ad Rakholiya K (211) Combiatio therapy: Syergim betwee atural plat extract ad atibiotic agait ifectiou dieae. A. Médez-Vila (Ed.). [4] Colli TL, Joe GL, Sadgrove NJ (214) Volatile from the Rare Autralia Deert Plat Protathera cetrali B. J. Co (Lamiaceae): Chemical Compoitio ad Atimicrobial Activity. Agriculture. 4(4): [] Dagdele A (216)Idetifyig Atioxidat ad Atimicrobial Activitie of the Pheolic Extract ad Mieral Cotet of Virgi Olive Oil (Olea europaea L. cv. Edicik Su) from Differet Regio i Turkey J. Chem. (216):1-11. [6] Harbore JB (1973) Phytochemical Method. Chapma ad Hall Ltd., Lodo, [7] Himal P, Niha S, Jyoti S, Aupa K, Maoor S,ad Paa T ( 28) Phytochemical ad Atimicrobial Evaluatio of ome medicial plat of Nepal. J. Sci, Eg Techol. 1():49-4. [8] Karaomaoglu H, Soyer F, Oze B, Tokatli F (21) Atimicrobial ad atioxidat activitie of Turkih extra virgi olive oil. J. Agricultural Food Chem. 8(14): [9] Kha N, Abbai AM, Datagir G, Nazir A, Shah GM, Shah MM (214) Ethobotaical ad atimicrobial tudy of ome elected medicial plat ued i Khyber Pakhtukhwa (KPK) a potetial ource to cure ifectiou dieae. BMC Complemet Alter Med. 14:122. [1] Kokate C (1991) Practical Pharmacogoy. Vallabh Prakaha, New Delhi [11] Levy S, Marhall B (24) tibacterial reitace worldwide: caue, challege ad repoe. Nat. Med. 1: [12] Media E, Romero C, Bree M, De Catro A (27) Atimicrobial activity of olive oil, viegar, ad variou beverage agait foodbore pathoge. J. Food Protectio. 7(): [13] Ncube N, Afolaya A, Okoh A (28) Aemet techique of atimicrobial propertie of atural compoud of plat origi curret method ad future tred. Africa J. Biotechol. 7(12): [14] Padey A, Tripathi S (214) Cocept of tadardizatio, extractio ad pre phytochemical creeig trategie for herbal drug. J. Pharmacogoy ad Phytochem 2 (): [1] Pereira A, Ferreira I, Pereira A (27) Pheolic Compoud ad Atimicrobial Activity of Olive (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cobraçoa) Leave. Molecule, 12: [16] Rakholiya K, Kaeria M, Chada S (21) I vitro aemet of ovel atimicrobial from methaol extract of mature eed kerel ad leaf of Magifera idica L. for ihibitio of Peudomoa pp. ad their yergitic potetial. America J. Drug Dicovery Developmet. (1): [17] Rio J, Recio M (2) Medicial plat ad atimicrobial activity. J. Ethopharmacol. 1: [18] Roble-Zepeda RE, Coroado-Aceve EW, Velazquez- Cotrera CA, Ruiz-Buto E, Navarro-Navarro M, Garibay-Ecobar A (213) I vitro ati-mycobacterial activity of ie medicial plat ued by ethic group i Soora, Mexico. BMC Complemet Alter Med. 13:329. [19] Sarah M, Wigmore M, Naiker, D, Bea C (216) Atimicrobial Activity of Extract from Native Plat of Temperate Autralia Pharmacog. Comm. 6(2) [2] Sibada T, Okoh AI (27). The challege of overcomig atibiotic reitace: Plat extract a potetial ource of atimicrobial ad reitace modifyig aget. Afr. J. Biotechol. 6 (2): [21] Tekwu EM, Pieme AC, Beg VP (212) Ivetigatio of atimicrobial activity of ome Camerooia medicial plat extract agait bacteria ad yeat with gatroitetial relevace. J. Ethopharmacol. 142: [22] Treae G, Eva W (1989) Pharmacogoy, Bailliere Tidall, Lodo: 4-. Page cotact@ijira.com