DUAL-PURPOSE POWER-DESALINATION PLANT AUGMENTED BY THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

Transcription

1 HEFAT204 0 t Iteratoal Coferee o Heat Trafer, Flud Mea ad Termodyam 4 26 July 204 Orlado, Florda DUAL-PURPOSE POWER-DESALINATION PLANT AUGMENTED BY THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM Gude V.G.*, Gadametty V. ad Kada N.N. *Autor for orrepodee Departmet of Cvl ad Evrometal Egeerg, Mpp State Uverty, Mpp State, MS, 39762, Uted State of Amera E-mal: gude@ee.mtate.edu ABSTRACT T paper preet a ovel applato of a eble Termal Eergy Storage (TES ytem for multaeou eergy oervato ad water dealato power plat. Frt, te TES mtgate egatve effet of g ambet temperature o te performae of ar ooled odeer (ACC tat ool a 500 MW ombed yle power plat (CCPP; ext, te ame TES atfe te oolg requremet a 0.25 mgd multeffet dtllato (MED plat. Stak gae from CCPP are ued to drve a aborpto refrgerato ytem (ARS w mata te lled water temperature a TES tak. A proe model tegratg CCPP, ARS, TES, ad MED a bee developed to optmze te volume of te TES. Prelmary aaly owed tat a tak volume of 2950 m 3 wa adequate meetg te oolg requremet of bot ACC ad MED bot ot ad old eao. Te propoed TES a te potetal to ave 2.5% of te power lo a CCPP/ACC o a ot ummer day. Furter, our modelg reult reveal tat a dealato apaty of mgd a be aeved wt top bre temperature betwee 00 ºC ad 70 ºC of MED. Te propoed tegrated ytem, proe modelg ad multaeou advatage of eaed CCPP performae ad utaable dealato ytem wll be dued te preetato. INTRODUCTION Steam power plat rejet a major peretage of te put eergy a wate eat tat dretly darged to atmopere. T eat-rejeto aompled wt wetoolg tower tat demad volumou amout of frewater. For example, a 500 MW wet-ooled team power plat oume ~ 4 mllo gallo per day of fre water. Te team-eletr plat aout for early 40% of te total frewater wtdrawal te Uted State []. Dry-oolg teology a attratve alteratve to wet-oolg teology tat allow power plat to rejet te eat to ar, dretly or dretly, wtout ay lo of water []. Te emet advatage of dry-ooled power plat lude: mmal fre water oumpto [2]; flexblty plat tg tat eable power plat to be loated loer to load eter rater ta to oolg water reoure [3]; mmzed rk for Legoella ealt rk [4]; ad v redued rate of plume formato ad bre dpoal [5,6]. Te major dadvatage of dry-oolg teology tat tey ue arooled odeer (ACC woe performae dele wt reag ambet ar temperature, ad tereby due yle pealte te aoated power plat [7]. Te effetvee of ACC a bee reported to redue by at leat 0% due to g ambet temperature ummer []. Te wate eat from te power plat a bee foud a a utable oure of eergy termal dealato proee [8, 9]. It feable to egeer g-rate dealato ytem by orporatg dealato ytem power plat. Su dual-purpoe power plat ave bee reported to delver ubtatal ot avg durg t etre lfe-yle. For tae, te mult-tage fla (MSF dealato tegrated a team power plat wa able to redue fuel oumpto by 37%; furter, u plat were able to redue water oumpto by 45 % ompared to a water-oly MSF ut [0]. A detaled lfe-yle aemet (LCA tudy revealed tat a dual-purpoe power plat redue evrometal mpat by 75% ompared to a termal dealato teology []. Termal eergy torage (TES ytem offer a vable ad feable approa to tore termal eergy we te upply more ta te demad, ad to releae t we te demad more ta te upply [2]. For example TES ytem a be deged to tore olar eat eergy durg ulgt our of te day ad releae t for pae eatg durg older perod of te day, ad mlarly, for frewater produto dealato ytem powered by wate eat or olar eergy [3, 4]. Te vablty of TES ytem a bee demotrated large-ale applato ludg eatg, vetlatg, ad ar odtog (HVAC ytem, ga turbe [5-8], dtrt oolg ytem [9], ad dtrt eatg ytem [20]. 202

2 T paper preet a ovel applato of eble termal eergy torage (TES to tegrate mult-effet evaporato dealato ytem (MED a ombed yle power plat (CCPP for multaeou eergy oervato ad water dealato. Our objetve t tudy are two-fold. Frt, we wll demotrate tat te TES mtgate te egatve effet of g ambet temperature o te performae of arooled odeer (ACC; ext, we wll demotrate a ew metod for obtag 0.25 mgd (950 m 3 /d mult-effet dtllato (MED ug wate eat CCPP ad te lled water from TES. PROPOSED PROCESS CONFIGURATION Fg. ow a oeptual emat of te termal eergy torage (TES tat tegrate ombed yle power Fgure. Dual-purpoe power-dealato plat upported by termal eergy torage 3 plat (CCPP wt aborpto refrgerato ytem (ARS ad a mult-effet evaporato dealato ytem (MED. A TES tak ued to mata te oolg effey of ACC durg ot day, ad eable CCPP operato at rated power, tead of ufferg power lo due to reaed team turbe bakpreure. Te wate eat te CCPP ued to drve a aborpto refrgerato ytem (ARS tat ool lled water a TES tak. Te lled water te ued to preool te let ar to te ar-ooled odeer ad mprove te performae of te CCPP durg ot ummer. Te TES meet te oolg eed of a 0.25 MGD mult-effet dealato (MED plat. Furter, te MED olely drve by te wate eat avalable tak gae. Te tate pot for CCPP, ACC, ARS, TES, ad MED are ow Fg.2. Te pef teal detal for MED are ow Fg.3. Combed Cyle Power Plat (CCPP Te CCPP ompred of a ompreor (COMP, ombuto amber (CC, ga turbe (GT, ad eat reovery team geerator (HRSG (Brayto yle Fg. 2. Te eat darged from HRSG ued to drve a team power plat otg of a team turbe (ST, ope feed eater (OFWH ad te ACC (Rake Cyle Fg. 2. Atmoper ar draw to te ompreor (8 ad fed to te ombuto amber operatg at otat preure. Te g temperature gae eter te ga turbe (0 tat produg et-work, W GT. Te exaut gae from te ga turbe ( are ued to produe upereated team HRSG (5. Te team turbe produe et-work, W ST. A frato of te team turbe exaut (6 dverted to te OFWH, were t mxed wt feed water (2 Q 2 4 Pump2 3 OFWH 6 2 Pump Ar Col Ar 8 Ar COMP CC 9 0 W C GT W GT GEN ST 2' 7 W ST Q COND CW EVAPORATOR Dealato See Fg. 2 3' 6' 4' Q a 8' 9' ABS 5' EVAP Q evap TES CONDENSER ' 7' q Fgure 2. Dual-purpoe power-dealato plat upported by termal eergy torage 203

3 pumped from te ACC. Te remag frato of te team turbe exaut (7 retured to te ACC to obta feed water for reue (. Saturated lqud (3 at eater preure pumped by pump 2, to HRSG to geerate upereated team (5 to omplete te yle. Termal Eergy Storage (TES Te TES deged to meet te oolg requremet of bot te ACC ad MED ytem. Te workg flud te TES ytem water tat mataed at 5ºC by te evaporator of te ARS. We ooe water a workg flud a t provde g eergy apaty, trafer eat to ar at ger effey, ad offer afety log-term operato [2]. A lled water (CW pump rulate water from te TES troug two oolg ol, oe talled at te ar let to te ACC (Fg.2, ad aoter, te fal odeer te MED ytem (Fg. 3. Te CW pump upple oolg water to ACC ytem oly we te ambet temperature exeed te ACC deg ar let temperature, T*. Te oolg water ru troug te fal odeer of MED ytem to remove te latet eat from te vapor geerated te lat effet. Te flow rate of te lled water otrolled to mata let ar temperature of ACC at te deg value of T*, ad temperature of CON MED at T w. Te et exteral eergy te propoed ytem are due to te: pump te ARS to trafer te dlute oluto from te aborber to te geerator, rug 24 our/day; pump to rulate te lled water from te TES troug te oolg ol (rug 6 to 8 our/day; fa for te ar-ooled odeer ad aborber of te ARS; ad v pump to rulate te oolg water from te TES to MED fal odeer. Mult-effet evaporato dealato (MED ytem Te Mult-effet evaporato dealato (MED ytem are kow for g termal eergy effey, lower aptal ot, ad redued operatoal ot. Te team te frt effet of MED uppled by te wate eat extrated from te tak gae (2-3 CCPP (Fg. 2. Te eat from odeer of MED rejeted to oolg water tream from te TES (Fg. 2. Te tak gae te CCPP are avalable te temperature rage of ºC (Fg. 2, ad we terefore odered a MED ut at a top eat oure (team temperature of 00ºC. Te MED operatg at ger temperature (about 00ºC offer followg pre-emet advatage over MSF [28]: g termal effey wt a lower umber of effet, 2 g eat trafer oeffet, 3 relatvely low pef vetmet ot, 4 low pumpg power, ad 5 operatg flexblty wt ort tart-up perod ad 6 demotrated apablty for matg produto volume wt water demad ad eergy upply. Te pef umber of tage ( MED deped o te top bre temperature ad te allowable temperature drop betwee te tage [22]. Fg. 3 provde te tate pot for varou ompoet te propoed MED. Te eat oure te frt effet promote te evaporato of omg preeated ale water (feed. Te temperature of te vapor te frt effet (T v le ta te bolg temperature (T by te magtude of te bolg pot elevato (BPE. Te vapor te frt effet traported to te eod effet troug a demter. Te latet eat of odeato (D exploted for furter evaporato te eod effet. Te uevaporated bre te frt effet (M f - D flow troug te eod effet tat operate at a lower preure. Te vapor formed te eod effet a be attrbuted to te two meam. Frt, te vapor geerated by bolg te lqud over te eat trafer urfae D 2. Seod meam a be attrbuted to flag,.e. free bolg, wt te bulk lqud (d 2. Te temperature of te vapor due to flag (Tv 2 dffer from te bolg temperature (T 2 by te magtude of bolg pot elevato (BPE 2. Small quatty of vapor (d 2 odee te flag box due to te flag of dtllate odeed te eod effet (D. Te proee ourrg te eod effet are repeated ea ubequet effet all te way dow to te lat [23]. Fgure 3. Mult-effet evaporato dealato plat upported by termal eergy torage 204

4 Output of team turbe (MW Frequey of ouree (% Averaged daly temperature [ o C] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Te TES tak volume wa determed a 2,950 m 3. Smulato reult obtaed from te model were ued to develop performae urve to ad prelmary evaluato ad oeptual deg for ACC ad MED. Ambet Temperature Profle Te typal ambet temperature for Marra Stato Nevada, rage from -0 to 40 º C, wt ummer temperature reag a g a 39 º C. I geeral, te g ambet temperature (> T* redue te teoretal mmum attaable temperature of ar-ooled odeer ( CCPP, ad tereby redue oolg effey of ACC, ad ultmately ur yle pealte a team turbe of CCPP. From te frequey profle ow Fg. 4, te performae of te ACC deterorate for early ~50 % of te total operatg our trougout te year, epeally, we te ambet ar temperature (T ger ta tat of ar let deg temperature (T* = 20 º C (Fg. 5a. Power Pealty mpoed by ACC CCPP durg otter day Te urret prate of turbe bak preure otrol reult explt lo of power te team power yle of CCPP due to egatve effet of g ambet temperature o te performae of ACC. Fg. 4 demotrate te utlty of TES mprovg te oolg effey of ACC, ad redug te yle pealte of CCPP durg g ambet temperature. Fg. 4 ow te mulated power loe at ambet temperature ragg from 5 ºC to 40 ºC for te two ytem. Wt reag ambet temperature, te lo of power wt bak preure otrol gfatly ger ta te lo aoated wt te propoed ytem. For example, at a drybulb temperature of 32 ºC, te effey of oolg retored to u a extet tat te power lo of 4.2 MW elmated a Ambet Temperature Rated Output 2. Output wt propoed ACC ytem (Wtout Frtoal loe 3. Output wt propoed ACC ytem (Wt Frtoal loe 4. Output wt turbe bak preure otrol 5. Frequey of ouree of ambet temperature over year b ACC let temperature Ambet Temperature ( O C Fgure 4. Eaed performae of CCPP due to ACC modfed wt TES ytem Ilet Ar Temperature Profle of ACC wt Propoed TES Te beeft of te TES ytem matag te team turbe output at varou ambet temperature llutrated Fg. 4. A ow Fg. 4, te performae of CCPP dereae wt reag ambet temperature due to redued oolg apaty of ACC ytem. For tae, te power output of CCPP drop by 4.6 MW at dry bulb temperature of 32 º C, ad early 0 MW at 35 º C. Te yle pealte CCPP a be mtgated by matag T loer to T* o otter day of te year. Fg. 5b ow te temporal profle of ACC let temperature, ad Fg. 5 dept te TES tak temperature. Te reult Fg.6 demotrate te utlty of TES ytem pre-oolg te ambet ar ad matag t temperature at T*. Te mot mportat fdg tat te lled water temperature TES retur to t orgal value at ed of aual yle. Terefore, te propoed TES ytem a be ued to mata oolg requremet bot ACC ad MED trougout te year TES temperature Day of Year Fgure 5. Temperature profle of ambet ar, ACC let, ad TES 205

5 Te mmum power loe CCPP wt propoed TES/ACC ytem due to lled water pump ad te refrgerat trafer pump (Curve 2, Fg. 4. I real applato, te eergy oumpto for pump (.e. lled water pump, refrgerat pump may be gfatly ger due to eret frtoal loe te flud ytem. Curve 3 Fg. 4 ow te effet of frtoal loe (aumg ~ 00% of bae eergy oumpto o te et power output wt propoed ACC. It lear tat te propoed ACC a aeve gfat power avg real tme applato for typal temperature rage eoutered o a ot ummer day (Curve 5, Fg Mult-effet Dealato Sytem (MED Effet of Heat Soure Temperature Fg. 6a ow te termal eergy requremet of MED a te futo of eat-oure temperature (70 ºC to 00 ºC ad te umber-of-tage (=6-0. Fg. 6a ow tat te eergy requremet for dealato reae wt reag eat oure temperature. Furter, lowet termal eergy requremet are oberved at operatg odto mpoed by low eat oure temperature ad get umber of tage (.e. 70 ºC; = 0. Te eergy requremet MED (~ MW a be obtaed from te tak gae of CCPP (Fg. 2. Fg. 6b ow te top-bre temperature a futo of eatg team temperature ad te umber-of-tage ( = 6-0. Te top-bre temperature for 0 tage 95.5 ºC ad 92 ºC for 6 tage. Te ame are 68. ºC ad 66.6 ºC for orrepodg tage of 0 ad 6. Te lowet top-bre temperature value orrepod to 0 tage wt a top-bre temperature of 68. ºC ad te get value for 6 tage wt a top-bre temperature of 92 ºC. For low umber-of-tage, te temperature dfferee ger ad te top-bre temperature te frt tage lower. T refleted te eat trafer area requred for evaporato (Fg. 6. Te eat trafer area for ger top-bre temperature are maller ompared to tat for low top-bre temperature. Te pef eat trafer area at 00ºC eat oure temperature are 42% ad 39% of tat requred at 70ºC we te umber of effet are 6 ad 0. Tee rato reemble te obervato reported by El- Deouky et al [23]. T ugget tat g temperature operato of MED reult lower eat trafer area, ad lower aptal ot, owever, at te expee of ger eergy ot for te eat oure Effet of Top Bre Temperature ad Performae Rato Te performae rato (PR of MED defed a te kg of dtllate produed by 2,300 KJ of eat put [25]. Fg. 6d etable te relatop betwee te PR ad te umber of tage. I geeral, te PR dereae wt reag top-bre temperature. For example, we te umber of tage ( 0, te PR 9.6 ad 9.8 wle te top-bre temperature were 95.5 ºC ad 68. ºC. Smlarly, for = 6-9, te PR vare betwee ; ; ; ad for eat oure temperature betwee 70 ºC ad 00 ºC, g ed PR repreetg low temperature operato. However, t a be oted tat t dfferee mmal ad wll ot adverely affet te performae of te dealato plat [26]. Fgure 6. a Heat requremet v. oure temperature; b top bre temperature v. oure temperature; evaporator eat trafer area v. oure temperature; d Performae rato v. umber of tage 206

6 Number of Stage v. Codeer Heat Trafer Area Fg. 7a ow te relatop betwee te oolg water flow rate (kg/ ad te umber of tage (. Te requremet for oolg water dereae wt reag value of. T due to lower evaporatg temperature te fal odeer wt ger value of. Fg. 7a ow te oolg water requremet (kg/ a a futo of avalable temperature dfferetal (ΔT,.e., ºC. Te oolg water requremet orrepod to te retur oolg water temperature. Aumg te oolg water let temperature to be 5ºC, te flow rate reae we ΔT rage from 2.5 to 0ºC (Fg. 7a. At ger value of ΔT, te oolg water flow rate are gfatly lower ad ve vera. Fg. 7b ow te odeer eat trafer area requred for ragg from 6 to 0. Aga, wt te avalablty of temperature dfferetal betwee te oolg water tream ad odeer, te eat trafer area age wt varyg value of. Te ger te ΔT, te maller te odeer eat trafer area ad ve vera. Fg. 7 ow te relatop betwee te bre temperature te lat effet ad te oolg water flow rate (kg/. A expeted, lower te value of, ger te evaporatg temperature te lat effet, ad ger te oolg water flow rate. A ow Fg. 7, tey age wt te avalable temperature dfferetal. Coolg water temperature dfferetal betwee 2.5 ad 0 ºC are requred to extrat te latet eat from te fal tage odeer wt temperature betwee 28 ad 36 º C. Se TES ut lled water temperature vary betwee 5 ad 20 ºC, a otat oolg water tream a be provded for all fal odeer temperature. Fg. 7d ow te bre outlet temperature for dfferet value of. Lower umber of effet reult ger bre darge temperature, w prate, are exaged wt te omg eawater or feed water. T a be a ue te Gulf ad Medterraea oatal area e te omg eawater temperature a be a g a 35 ºC. Coolg water tream from TES eable MED operato wt lower fal odeer temperature ad lower bre darge temperature. Fgure 7. a Coolg water flow rate v. umber of tage; b odeer eat trafer area v. umber of tage; oolg water flow rate v. bre temperature lat effet; d bre outlet temperature v. umber of tage ombed yle power plat, epeally durg ot ummer ard rego of Nevada. Te avalablty of wate eat from CONCLUSIONS tak ga determe te zg of ARS w tur fluee We evaluated te feablty of ug wate eat to drve te ze of torage tak. Avalablty of wate eat a futo te aborpto refrgerato ytem (ARS ad mult-effet of pef power plat ofgurato. Te zg ad feablty evaporato dealato ytem power plat. Te ARS of MED ytem aga depedet upo te quatty ad ofgurato wa foud to be effetve matag te qualty of brak water preet at te te of a gve power temperature of lled water termal eergy torage (TES plat. Te outome from t tudy provde a trog mpetu to w atered te oolg requremet bot MED ad arooled odeer (ACC. Te TES ytem ofgurato wa of eaed power produto ad low eergy dealato develop TES-baed ACC power plat to reap te beeft able to mtgate te dadvatage aoated wt ue of ACC ytem. 207

7 APPENDIX - MODELING STUDIES Termal Eergy Storage (TES Sytem Te propoed TES meet te oolg requremet ar-ooled odeer (ACC of CCPP ad mult-effet evaporato dealato ytem (MED. Te volume of te TES ytem a be etmated from a eat balae aroud te TES ytem derbed te followg equato: d T Vρ wcpw Q dt ( Were Q evap.evap V a C ρ (T pa a amb T* V f C pw ρ w (T w - T K(T amb T =eat requred by te evaporator of ARS (kw; T = TES temperature ºC; T w = temperature of oolg water from te fal odeer ( dealato ºC. Oter otato for te varable Eq are derbed omelature. V w > 0 oly f T amb > T*, oterwe w V = 0. Te frt term o te rgt ad de of te Eq repreet te eat removed by te ARS; eod term a eat put to TES, te eat removed from te let ar to ACC; trd term aoter eat put to te TES, te eat rejeted by te odeer mult-effet dealato (MED. Te lat term Eq repreet te eat gaed from te urroudg. Te ambet temperature (T amb a tme-depedet tat largely flueed by te loal meteorologal odto. Aaly of CCPP Te operatg detal of a 500 MW CCPP were derbed our earler publato []. Te rate of eat put to CCPP,023 MW. Te et output of te ga turbe 320. MW wle te team turbe rated at 70.9 MW. Te rate of eat rejeted by te odeer 36.4 MW. Te wate eat te tak gae avalable at a rate of 82.6 MW, ad 86% of te wate eat extrated from te tak gae (= 7 MW, out of w 66 MW traferred to te geerator of te ARS ad aoter 4.96 MW ued MED dealato. Te tadard deg proedure were ued to rate dvdual ompoet of ombed yle power plat (Eq Deg Equato for Combed Cyle Power Plat w = g_omp 8 q = 0 9 w = 0 g_turb 9 (2 (3 (4 w = team_pump team_turb ( y wpump wpump2 (7 w = 5 y 6 ( y 7 (8 q out = ( y(7 W et = m ga (w η t = et_team (9 g_turb W Q et w g_omp m team (w team_turb W = mteam (w w et_ga team_turb W = m (w w ga g_turb Q ge = 0.86 m (2 3 ga g_omp team_pump w (0 team_pump ( (2 (3 ( Deg Equato for Aborpto Refrgerato Sytem Q = 2' ( a m 2' 4' (5 Q = ( m5' ( m9' ( m' (6 ge 5' Q = ( m2' ( m3' ( m6' Q = 2' ( evap work 2' m 5' 4' P = ' v (HP LP x m ' ( 3' 8' 3' 7' 9' 3' ' 6' (7 (8 (9 η = T T /(T T (20 Q = 3' ( x Q COP = Q evap ge m 3' 8' (2 (22 w pump= 2 w = pump2 Deg Equato for Ar Cooled Codeer (5 (5 Q = VaC ρ (T* T 3 4 (6 out pa Aaly of Mult-effet dealato ytem (MED (6 a out (23 208

8 Te mult-effet evaporato wa mulated wt eat oure temperature ragg from 70 ºC to 00 ºC. Te eat oure avalable at temperature (team from tak gae utable for te operato of a g temperature MED at a rate of 5 MW. We ave tuded te MED ofgurato by evaluatg te effet of eat oure temperature o te eat trafer area, odeer area, ad te dealato apaty. Toward t ed, te eatg ad oolg requremet were etmated uder a rage of bre temperature ad for dfferet umber of tage. Temperature dfferetal ragg from 2.5 ºC to 0 ºC were ued to etmate te oolg water flow rate requremet for MED operato, at dfferet umber of tage ad evaporato temperature. Te dealato apaty for a fxed amout of eergy extrated from te tak gae wa evaluated at low ad g temperature (70 ºC to 00 ºC operato of MED ytem. Te deg alulato were performed ug Eq [24]. Temperature drop aro all effet obtaed from te followg relato: T T ( T T (24 t Temperature drop frt effet obtaed by Tt T U U l b (25 Smlarly, te temperature drop effet 2- obtaed by U (26 T T U Bre temperature frt effet obtaed from te relato T T (27 b T Bre temperature effet 2 to : T b T U T T b l (28 U Dtllate flow rate te frt gve by: D v ( v v2 M d... Dtllate flow rate effet 2 to : v v v v (29 D D (30 Bre flow rate effet to B X wd ( X X w (3 b Feed flow rate effet to F D B (32 Heat trafer area te frt effet A U D v ( T Tb (33 Heat trafer area effet 2 to Dv A U T T ( v b Heat team flow rate, M D v M (34 (35 Heat trafer area of te odeer A D v (36 U ( LMTD Flow rate of oolg water ( M D M C ( T T (37 v ( w p f w w Aaly of TES Eq wa olved umerally ug te eat trafer value determed from te ARS aaly, T amb obtaed from ourly weater reord, ad oolg requremet from MED. Eq wa olved by tral-ad-error to obta te optmal volume of te TES ytem, wle eurg tat te TES temperature retured to t tal value at te ed of ea 365-day yle. T aaly yelded te profle of te TES temperature ad te ACC let ar temperature after pre-oolg. Te value of T* wa et at 20 ºC. Nomelature Notato for CCPP, ARS, ad TES Symbol ABS Aborber; CC Combuto amber; COMP Ga ompreor; COND Codeer; COP Coeffeet of performae; CW Clled water; E, EVAP Evaporator; G Volumetr flow rate (m 3 /; GT Ga turbe; GEN Geerator; HE Heat exager; HP Hg Preure ARS (kpa; Spef etalpy (kj/kg; K Termal odutvty, (W/m-K; LP Low Preure ARS (kpa; m. Ma flow rate at pot (kg/; OFWH Ope feed water eater; P Pump; Q. Net eat trafer rate (MW; q Spef et eat (kj/kg; ST Steam turbe; T TES temperature,( ºC; 209

9 T Ambet temperature,( ºC; T* Deg temperature for Ar let to ACC, (ºC t Tme (; V Volume (m 3 ; V Volumetr flow rate (m 3 /; W. Power output (MW; w Spef et work (kj/kg; y Ma frato; η Effey; Dety (kg/ m 3 ; v Spef volume (m 3 /kg; Subrpt a e g, ge geerator; g_omp ga ompreor; g_turb ga turbe; x, out team_turb t w Superrpt = date rate; aborber; odeer; evaporator; eat exager; let; outlet; torage; team turbe; termal effey; water; Notato for MED A Area, m 2 B Bre flow rate from ea evaporato effet, kg/ Cp Spef eat at otat preure, kj/kg EC CR Covero rato, CR = Md/Mf, dmeole D Amout of vapor formed ea flag tage or evaporato effet, kg/ F Feed flow rate to ea evaporato effet, kg/ LMTD Logartm mea temperature dfferee M Ma flow rate, kg/ Number of tube, flag tage, or evaporato effet P Preure, kpa PR Performae rato, PR = M d / M, T ΔT ΔT l U V dmeole Temperature, ºC Temperature drop, EC Temperature loe ea evaporato effet, ºC Overall eat trafer oeffet, kw/m 2 ºC X Subrpt λ b b w d e f j o r v REFERENCES Spef volume, m 3 /kg Salty, ppm Latet eat for evaporato, kj/kg Bre Bre/feed preeater Codeer or odeate Itake eawater Dtllate Evaporator Feed Bre eater Heat rejeto eto MSF Outer dameter or outlet temperature Lat flag tage or lat evaporato effet Heat reovery eto MSF Vapor. Gadametty V, Kada NN, Myt M, ad Rkett C. Improvg Ar-Cooled Codeer Performae Combed Cyle Power Plat, ASCE. Joural of Eergy Egeerg 2005;32(2: Corade AE, Buy JD, ad Kroger DG. Performae optmzato of dry-oolg ytem for power plat troug SQP metod. Appl. Term. Eg 998; 8 ( 2: Al-Waked R ad Bea M. Performae evaluato of dry oolg ytem for power plat applato. Appl. Term. Eg 2004; 28: Owe MTF ad Kröger DG. Numeral Ivetgato of Ar Cooled Steam Codeer Performae uder Wdy Codto. Calfora Eergy Commo, PIER Eergy Related Evrometal Reear Program 20. CEC Maulbet JS ad D Flppo MN. Cot ad Value of Water Ue at Combed-Cyle Power Plat. Calfora Eergy Commo, PIER Eergy-Related Evrometal Reear CEC Gadametty V ad Kada NN. Exergy aaly of Ar-ooled Performae Combed Cyle Power Plat. I CD-ROM proeedg of Iteratoal Coferee o Termal Egeerg ad Applato, Amma, Jorda, Kada NN, Gadametty V, Mummae A. Improvg Combed Cyle Power Plat Performae Ard Rego. I CD-ROM proeedg of 6t Iteratoal Coferee o Heat Trafer, Flud Mea ad Termodyam, Pretora, Sout Afra, Szavay T, Poaky M. Dtllato dealato ytem powered by wate eat from ombed yle power geerato ut. Dealato 200;36:

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