Southern California Pomology Research Update
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1 Southern California Pomology Research Update Kirk Larson, UC South Coast R.E.C. - Irvine Pomology project website Performance of new SD cultivars Breeding for disease tolerance/resistance UCCE Santa Maria Research Conference
2 UC Pomology website UC Sheet Research Reports Research Conference Presentations Scientific Articles Event Calendar Annual Pomology Report PSAB Annual Report UC and other Online Resources Coming soon: Photo gallery with Pest and Disease Photos
3 Performance of new cultivars in Southern California, Benicia (C225) Mojave (C227)
4 Strawberry breeding objectives for UC short-day cultivars Early production Long, steady fruiting season Easy to grow (nursery & fruiting field) Consistently good fruit quality and flavor Plant architecture that facilitates harvest efficiency Disease & environmental tolerance
5 Benicia
6 Mojave
7 Three-year average x yield performance for high-elevation advanced short-day selections compared with Camarosa & Ventana, Dig/plant 9/26-9/30 Yield performance to 6-8 Yield perform to 3/1 Fruit Mkt Cull Mkt Cull size app. firm. Item G/plt y g/plt z (%) G/plt g/plt (%) (g) (1-5) (1-5) Benicia Mojave ,792 C/A 8,496 C/A Ventana Camarosa Grams per plant x 4.5 = number of 12# crates/acre x One-year of data for C225 and C226 ( ) y G/plt = total grams per plant; z Mkt g/plt = marketable grams per plant
8 Three-year average x yield performance for high-elevation advanced short-day selections compared with Camarosa & Ventana, Dig/plant 10/3-10/6 Yield performance to 6-8 Yield perform to 3/1 Fruit Mkt Cull Mkt Cull size app. firm. Item G/plt y g/plt z (%) G/plt g/plt (%) (g) (1-5) (1-5) Benicia Mojave ,114 7,065 Ventana Camarosa Grams per plant x 4.5 = number of 12# crates/acre x Two years of data for C225 and C226 ( ) y G/plt = total grams per plant; z Mkt g/plt = marketable grams per plant
9 Three-year average x yield performance for high-elevation advanced short-day selections compared with Camarosa & Ventana, Dig/plant 10/15-10/20 Yield performance to 6-8 Yield perform to 3/1 Fruit Mkt Cull Mkt Cull size app. firm. Item G/plt y g/plt z (%) G/plt g/plt (%) (g) (1-5) (1-5) Benicia ,645 7,260 Mojave Ventana Camarosa Grams per plant x 4.5 = number of 12# crates/acre x Two years of data for C225 and C226 ( ) y G/plt = total grams per plant; z Mkt g/plt = marketable grams per plant
10 Performance of short-day selections and cultivars in Oxnard, Glen Hasegawa / Steve Imoto - Camarillo Ranch Crates/acre Crates/acre Item to 3/1 to 5/16 Benicia 658 5,051 Mojave 997 5,419 Ventana 1,199 5,337 Palomar 1,217 5,701 Standard cultivars planted Oct. 1, new cultivars planted Oct. 8
11 Performance of new SD cultivars compared w/ Ventana, Yield performance to 6-8 Yield perform to 3/1 Fruit Mkt Cull Mkt Cull size app. firm. Item G/plt y g/plt z (%) G/plt g/plt (%) (g) (1-5) (1-5) High elevation plants - dig/plant 9/28-10/1 Benicia Mojave Ventana High elevation plants - dig/plant 10/15-10/20 Benicia Mojave Ventana Low elevation plants with leaves on - dig/plant 10/11-10/13 Mojave y G/plt = total grams per plant; z Mkt g/plt = marketable grams per plant 100 grams/plant = 450 crates/acre
12
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14 Benicia Photos taken March 20 Mojave
15 Qualitative Performance Evaluations for Short-day Selections: So. Calif. Benicia compared with Ventana Mojave compared with Ventana Productivity 0 0 Production pattern 0 + Fruit size + + Firmness + 0 Appearance 0 + Flavor + + Postharvest + 0 Rain - weather tolerance 0 + Disease tolerance 0 0 Mite tolerance 0 0 Harvest ease + + Cull rate + + Runners (nursery) + + +, 0 or indicates performance that is better, equal, or inferior to that of Ventana
16 Advanced selections: resistance/tolerance to major pathogens Resistance score (5 = best) Genotype Phytophthora Verticillium Colletotrichum Ventana Benicia Mojave
17 Benicia in Southern California Adapted to early planting, but reduced fruit app. score Similar production to Ventana with greater total yield and lower cull rate Larger fruit than Ventana Consistently excellent flavor Vigorous plant w/ open structure - harvest efficiency Cautions: Fruit may darken during hot periods Verticillium
18 Mojave in Southern California Adapted to very early planting Earlier fruiting than Ventana with greater total yield Larger fruit than Ventana with better flavor Very low cull rate Consistent fruit shape & color with bright red shine Open plant structure - harvest efficiency Cautions: Not quite as firm as most UC cultivars Phytophthora cactorum
19 Developing strawberry cultivars with tolerance to pests and diseases UCD: P. cactorum, V. dahliae, S. macularis, T. urticae UC SCREC: C. acutatum, M. phaseolina Assess tolerance/susceptibility of cultivars & advanced selections to important pests/pathogens Identify sources of genetic resistance/tolerance, incorporate into breeding lines
20 C. acutatum genetic screen Evaluation Plug propagation Infection Inoculation
21 C. acutatum genetic screen Evaluate ~50 cultivars and advanced selections annually Moderately tolerant Highly susceptible
22 Macrophomina plant collapse in So. California an increasingly common problem
23 Macrophomina phaseolina genetic screen U.C. SCREC, Irvine Tom Gordon, Steve Koike, Lassen Canyon Nursery Experimental site with M. phaseolina only Fumigate site with MB:Pic (57:43, 350#/A): Establish Albion frigo plants: Inoculate Albion plants with M. phaseolina: Incorporate infected plants into soil: Re-establish beds Plant 54 cvs & adv selections (HE nursery) Evaluate germplasm survival
24 MAC field inoculation Aug , 2009 UC SCREC Frigo Albion
25 Widespread disease symptoms Albion plants 2 weeks after inoculation
26 Incorporate infected plants
27 Plant high-elevation cultivars and selections
28 Control plots Late May 2010
29 Innoculated plots Late May, 2010
30 Macrophomina Innoculated and control plots, May 2010 Control Innoculated
31 Control Innoculated
32 Results for of 44 advanced selections had survival rates of 65-85% - None of the 10 cultivars had survival rates > 40% - Monterey, Portola, S. Andreas and Ventana had survival rates of 35-40%
33 Ecocover paper bed mulch
34 Biodegradeable paper mulch
35 Paper mulch Biodegradeable Poor heat Transmission Durability issues
36 THANK YOU!
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