JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES 48 th Session Chongqing, P.R. China, April 2016

Transcription

1 E Agenda Item 8(g) JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES 48 th Sessin Chngqing, P.R. China, April 2016 CX/PR 16/48/12-Add.1 April 2016 COMMENTS at Step 3 n the prpsed draft Prpsed draft Table Examples f selectin f representative cmmdities (vegetable ther cmmdity grups) (fr inclusin in the Principles guidance fr the selectin f representative cmmdities fr the extraplatin f MRLs fr pesticides t cmmdity grups) submitted by Australia, Canada, Kenya, Thail, United States f America African Unin Australia In relatin t Table 2 (as with the Fruits grup), Australia prpses that the Vegetables Grup des nt prgress t Step 8, withut an analysis f the impact n CXLs f the transfer f cmmdities frm ne crp/cmmdity grup t anther. Cmments n Table 3: Examples f the Selectin f Representative Cmmdities Grasses Australia prpses the fllwing additin t Table 3 Grup/Subgrup Representative Cmmdities Prpsed Extraplatin Grup 020 Cereal grains Grup 020B Barley similar grains Wheat Barley Rice Maize Sweet crn Barley Wheat barley /r ats /r rice /r maize /r sweet crn Barley ats The additin f /r allws greater flexibility with respect t the number f crp trials required t btain a crp grup MRL which will depend n thse cmmdities that are majr with respect t prductin exprt in the varius regins. Canada Backgrund: The 47 th Sessin f CCPR (May 2015) agreed t re-establish the Electrnic Wrking Grup n the revisin f the Classificatin f Fd Feed (EWG) t cntinue with the revisin f the Classificatin. The representative cmmdity tables were nt discussed at the 47 th sessin f the CCPR because legumes, pulses, cucurbits cereal grains were nt cmpleted. Table 2 has been updated t reflect additins t Grups 011 Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits, 014 Legume vegetables 015 Pulses. Table 3 is presented fr the first time fr Type 03 Grasses. Current Status: Cdex members bservers have been asked t submit cmments n the cmmdity grups as presented in Appendix I (Table 2 Vegetable cmmdity grups) Appendix II (Table 3 Grasses) t advance these prpsals fr adptin at Step 5 by the 39 th Sessin f the Cmmissin. Canada s Psitin n the Revised Table 2 fr Vegetable Cmmdity Grups the New Table 3 fr Grasses In general Canada supprts the prpsed revisins t Table 2 the new Table 3, prvides the fllwing cmments/bservatins:

2 CX/PR 16/48/12-Add.1 2 Canada supprts the selectin f representative crps fr the revised bulb vegetables (Grup 009), Brassica vegetables (Grup 010), fruiting vegetables ther than cucurbits (Grup 012), leafy vegetables including Brassica leafy vegetables (Grup 013), rt tuber vegetables (Grup 016), stalk stem vegetables (Grup 017), edible fungi (Grup 018). As the subgrups fr Grup 011 (Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits), Grup 020 (Cereal Grains), Grup 014 (Legume vegetables), Grup 015 (Pulses), Grup 021 (Grasses fr sugar syrup prductin) have nt yet been agreed upn will be discussed during this sessin f CCPR, the chice f representative crps fr these grups shuld take int cnsideratin the discussins under Agenda Items 8(a) 8(e). Althugh Grup 011 (Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits) will be discussed at CCPR48, Canada supprts the prpsed cmprmise slutin under Agenda Item 8(c); CX/PR 16/48/8. The prpsed cmprmise has 2 subgrups; Subgrup 011A - Fruiting Vegetables, Cucurbits such as Cucumbers Summer Squashes Subgrup 011B - Fruiting Vegetables, Cucurbits such as Melns, Pumpkins Winter Squashes. Canada supprts Cucumber Summer Squash as the representative crps f Subgrup 011A. Canada supprts Meln /r Watermeln as the representative crp f Subgrup 011B. Hwever Canada des nt supprt Pumpkin r Winter Squash as a representative crp f Subgrup 011B. Canada des nt feel that residue data frm an additinal representative crp is necessary. Based n a review f the residue data used t supprt Cdex MRLs n the Fruiting Vegetables, Cucurbit Crp Grup where data were available fr cucumber, summer, meln either winter r pumpkins, the highest residues were fund in melns. Therefre it is expected that residues in melns as the representative crp wuld cver ptential residues in winter es/pumpkins. Canada supprts the selectin f the prpsed representative cmmdities fr the revised legume vegetables (Grup 014) with the exceptin f Subgrup 014B. Fr Subgrup 014B (Peas with Pds) the prpsed representative crps are Peas with pds (Garden pea r pdded pea) /r Beans with pds (Phaselus spp.). Canada feels it wuld be apprpriate t nly have Peas with pds (Garden pea r pdded pea) as the representative cmmdity f this subgrup nt have Beans with pds (Phaselus spp.) as an additinal r alternative representative crp. In Canada, separate residue field trial data are required fr peas beans. Pea data is typically nt used t supprt beans bean data is nt used t supprt pea registratins. A cmparisn f EU MRLs between beans (with pds) peas (with pds) fund that there were 35 pesticides (ut f 465) where MRLs were different between these 2 cmmdity types. There was n cnsistency f residues being higher in beans (with pds) vs. peas (with pds) r vice versa. Therefre there is the pssibility that by using Beans with pds (Phaselus spp.) as the representative crp fr Subgrup 014B (Peas with Pds) may underestimate residues in pdded peas. Canada supprts the selectin f the prpsed representative cmmdities fr the revised pulses (Grup 015). Canada supprts the selectin f the representative crps Wheat, Barley, Maize, Sweet Crn, Rice fr the revised cereal grains grup (020). It is nted that the prpsed representative crps fr Grup 020 remain unchanged regardless f whether the Canadian Prpsal r the Japanese Prpsal is selected as the subgruping criteria under Agenda Item 8(d) CX/PR 16/48/9.

3 CX/PR 16/48/12-Add.1 3 Kenya Issue: Prpsed representative cmmdities fr vegetable cmmdity grups fr grasses grups as presented in tables 1 2. Psitin: Table 2: subgrup 12C, eggplants; tmates t be excluded as a representative cmmdity. Ratinale: Tmates are representative cmmdities in subgrup 12A therefre cannt be representative cmmdity fr eggplants. Thail Thail has n bjectin n this prpsed draft table 2. Hwever, we wuld like t share the fllwing cmments. 1. Grup 14 Legume Vegetables We wuld like t prpse the additin f r Vigna spp. in the examples f representative cmmdities f grup 14 Legume vegetables, subgrup 14A Beans with pds 14C Succulent beans withut pds. This is because that this cmmdity is widely cultivated there are similarities between Vigna spp. Phaselus spp. n the grwth habit, the pest prblems the pesticide use patterns. Additinally, we wuld like t prpse the additin f peanut (immature) in the examples f representative cmmdities f subgrup 14E: Undergrund beans peas because this cmmdity is widely cultivated. Besides, we wuld like t prpse the deletin f /r Beans, with pds (Phaselus spp.) frm the representatives cmmdities f subgrup 14B. 2. Grup 015: Pulses We recgnize that Bean, Vigna spp., is widely cultivated there are similarities between Vigna spp. Phaselus spp. n the grwth habit, the pest prblems the pesticide use patterns. Thus, we wuld like t prpse the additin f r Vigna spp in the examples f representative cmmdities f grup 15 Pulses, subgrup 15A Beans, dry. We als wuld like t prpse the deletin f /r Peas, dry (Pisum spp.) /r Beans, dry (Phaselus spp.) frm the representatives cmmdities f subgrup 15A subgrup B respectively. The prpsed amendment shuld be read as the fllwing table. Cdex Grup / Subgrup 14 Legume vegetables Subgrup 14A Beans with pds Subgrup 14B Peas with pds Subgrup 14C Succulent beans withut pds Examples f Representative Cmmdities Beans with pds (Phaselus spp. r Vigna spp.) /r Peas with pds (Garden pea r pdded pea) Succulent beans withut pds (Phaselus spp. r Vigna spp.) Garden pea Beans with pds (Phaselus spp. r Vigna spp.) Peas with pds (Garden pea r pdded pea) /r Beans with pds (Phaselus spp.) Succulent beans withut pds (Phaselus spp. r Vigna spp.) Extraplatin t the fllwing cmmdities Legume vegetables (VP 0060): Beans (Phaselus spp.); Beans (Vigna spp.); Beans, shelled (Phaselus spp.); Beans, shelled (Vigna spp.); Bambara grundnut; Brad bean; Catjang; Chick-pea; Cmmn bean; Cwpea; Garden pea; Ga bean; Grass pea; Guar; Jack bean; Lablab bean; Lentil; Lima bean; Lupin; Mth bean; Mung bean; Peas; Peas, shelled; Pigen pea; Pdded pea; Rice bean; Scarlet runner bean; Sya bean; Stink bean; Swrd bean; Urd bean; Velvet bean; Winged pea; Yard-lng bean; Beans with pds (VP 2060): Beans (Phaselus spp.); Beans (Vigna spp.); Brad bean; Catjang; Cmmn bean; Cwpea; Ga bean; Guar; Jack bean; Lablab bean; Mth bean; Mung bean; Rice bean; Scarlet runner bean; Sya bean; Stink bean; Swrd bean; Urd bean; Yard-lng bean Peas with pds (VP2061): Peas; Ben Mringa; Chi-pea; Garden pea; Grass pea; Lentil; Pigen pea; Pdded pea; Winged pea Succulent beans withut pds (VP 2062): Beans, shelled (Phaselus spp.); Beans, shelled (Vigna spp.); Brad bean, shelled; Catjang; Cmmn bean; Cwpea; Ga bean; Jack bean; Lablab bean; Lima bean; Lupin; Mth bean; Scarlet runner bean; Sya bean; Stink bean; Velvet bean

4 CX/PR 16/48/12-Add.1 4 Cdex Grup / Subgrup Subgrup 14D Succulent peas withut pds Subgrup 14E Undergrund beans peas Grup 15 Pulses Subgrup 15A Dry beans Subgrup 15B Dry peas Examples f Representative Cmmdities Garden pea Bambara grundnut? r peanut (immature) Beans, dry (Phaselus spp. r Vigna spp.) /r Peas, dry (Pisum spp.) Sya bean, dry? Beans, dry (Phaselus spp. r Vigna spp.) /r Peas, dry (Pisum spp.) Sya bean, dry Peas, dry (Pisum spp.) /r Beans, dry (Phaselus spp.) Extraplatin t the fllwing cmmdities Succulent peas withut pds(vp 2063 ): Peas, shelled; Chick-pea; Garden pea; Lentil; Pigen pea Undergrund beans peas (VC 2064): Bambara grundnut; Peanut (immature) Pulses (VD 0070): Beans (Phaselus spp.); Beans (Vigna spp.); Adzuki bean; African yam bean; Bambara grundnut; Brad bean; Chick-pea; Cmmn bean; Cwpea; Field pea; Ga bean; Grass-pea; Guar; Hrse gram; Jack bean; Kersting s grundnut; Lablab bean; Lentil; Lima bean; Lupin; Mrama bean; Mth bean; Mung bean; Peas; Pigen pea; Rice bean; Scarlet runner bean; Sya bean; Tepary bean; Urd bean; Velvet bean; Winged pea Dry beans (VD 2065): Beans (Phaselus spp.); Beans (Vigna spp.); Adzuki bean; African yam bean; Brad bean; Cmmn bean; Cwpea; Ga bean; Guar; Hrse gram; Jack bean; Lablab bean; Lima bean; Lupin; Mrama bean; Mth bean; Mung bean; Rice bean; Scarlet runner bean; Sya bean; Tepary bean; Urd bean; Velvet bean; Winged pea Dry peas (VD 2066): Peas; Chick-pea; Field pea; Grasspea; Lentil; Pigen pea Subgrup 15C Dry undergrund legumes? Dry undergrund legumes (VD 2067): Bambara grundnut; Kersting s grundnut United States f America The United States ntes that fr Subgrup 14B Peas with pds bth peas with pds /r beans with pds are listed as a representative cmmdity. Hwever, the U.S. thinks that nly peas with pds is an apprpriate representative cmmdity fr Subgrup 14B Peas with pds. Additinally, Subgrup 15A Dry beans has bth beans, dry /r peas, dry alng with Sya bean, dry listed as a representative cmmdity. Hwever, the U.S. thinks it is nly apprpriate t have beans, dry Sya bean, dry be the representative cmmdities fr the Subgrup 15A Dry beans. As nted in agenda item 8(c), the United States des nt agree with the prpsed representative cmmdities fr the Grup Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits f cucumber, summer, meln /r watermeln pumpkin r winter. The United States des nt believe that the requirement f residue field trial data n winter r pumpkin is apprpriate. The United States can nly agree t the cmprmise ptin fr Grup Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits discussed under agenda item 8(c), if the residue field trial generated fr meln can be used t represent winter pumpkin r if the representative cmmdity is meln r pumpkin r winter. Based n the principles f crp gruping, the United States believes meln wuld be the best crp t represent the subgrup since it typically has the shrter pre-harvest interval (PHI), the netting n the rind will result in higher residues the cnsumptin f meln is higher than pumpkin r winter.

5 CX/PR 16/48/12-Add.1 5 The main purpse f this crp gruping effrt is t allw fr the use f crp grups t establish tlerances fr multiple cmmdities, especially minr specialty crps, based n data frm representative cmmdities. In the United States, winter pumpkin have been represented by cucumber summer since 1995 withut any indicatin that the tlerances established have nt been prtective. The United States believes that requiring additinal residue field trial data fr winter r pumpkin is nt necessary that having these additinal data will nt be infrmative. Further, requiring these data will likely result in fewer pest cntrl tls fr grwers. This additinal data requirement is nt cnsidered acceptable since the U.S. Delegatin des nt believe requiring the additinal residue field trial data fr pumpkin r winter will be in any way infrmative; that the current acceptance f data fr cucumber, meln, summer t supprt the Grup 011- Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits is in any way under representing ptential pesticide expsures fr gurds, pumpkins winter es; r that having the additinal field trial data n the winter r pumpkin will make the wrld s fd supply safer. Instead, the United States is cncerned that this will result in fewer pesticide ptins fr grwers f gurds, winter es pumpkins since registrants even IR-4 (U.S. federally funded prject t prvide pest management tls fr specialty crp minr use grwers) cannt justify the additinal expense f cnducting additinal residue field trials n pumpkin r winter. Backgrund The United States has had a crp gruping system in place since The initial crp gruping scheme has been updated replaced the current crp gruping scheme that has been in place since 1995 is underging revisins. Beginning in 2002, the United States Canada have been invlved in an effrt t revise the existing crp gruping scheme in the United States Canada. The United States Canadian Delegatins t the CCPR have an nging cntinued effrt t try t harmnize the NAFTA crp grups representative cmmdities with thse being develped by the CCPR. The gals f crdinating the Nrth American activity with Cdex are t minimize differences within amng the Unites States, Canada Cdex grups t develp representative cmmdities fr each grup that will be acceptable n an internatinal basis. These effrts are expected t lead t the increased harmnizatin f tlerances maximum residue level (MRL) recmmendatins. This is imprtant in facilitating trade. The existing Cucurbit Vegetables Crp Grup 9 in the United States cnsists f three representative cmmdities: cucumber, muskmeln, summer tw subgrups: Meln subgrup 9A Squash/cucumber subgrup 9B (refer t e-cfr Title 40 Part ). The representative cmmdity fr the Meln subgrup 9A is cantalupes the cmmdities in that subgrup are: Citrn meln (Citrullus lanatus var. citrides); Muskmeln (hybrids /r cultivars f Cucumis mel) (includes true cantalupe, cantalupe, casaba, crenshaw meln, glden pershaw meln, hneydew meln, hney balls, mang meln, Persian meln, pineapple meln, Santa Claus meln, snake meln); Watermeln (includes hybrids /r varieties f Citrullus lanatus). The representative cmmdity fr the Squash/cucumber subgrup 9B are ne cultivar f summer cucumber the cmmdities in that subgrup are: Chayte (fruit) (Sechium edule); Chinese waxgurd (Chinese preserving meln) (Benincasa hispida); Cucumber (Cucumis sativus); Gherkin (Cucumis anguria); Gurd, edible (Lagenaria spp.) (includes hytan, cucuzza); (Luffa acutangula, L. cylindrica) (includes hechima, Chinese kra); Mmrdica spp. (includes balsam apple, balsam pear, bitter meln, Chinese cucumber); Pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.); Squash, summer (Cucurbita pep var. melpep) (includes crkneck, scallp, straightneck, vegetable marrw, zucchini); Squash, winter (Cucurbita maxima; C. mschata) (includes butternut, calabaza, hubbard ); (C. mixta; C. pep) (includes acrn, spaghetti ). The existing Cucurbit Vegetable Grup 9 in the United States has almst the same cmmdities as the existing Cdex Grup 011- Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits. Since 1995, tlerances (MRLs) established fr gurds, winter es pumpkins in the United States have been primarily based n residue field trial data fr cucumber summer. There are many existing tlerances fr the Cucumber Vegetable Grup 9 subgrups there has been n indicatin that the tlerances established have been inadequate t cver the pesticide residues n gurds, winter es pumpkins. T the cntrary, the residues n cucumber summer are expected t represent the highest ptential residues since these cmmdities typically have a need fr a shrter PHI than gurds, winter es pumpkins. Additinally, in general, the smaller the fruit, the larger the rati f surface area t weight; therefre, pesticide depsits n cucumber summer are expected t be higher than n winter r pumpkin. Finally, cucumbers summer are ften eaten raw with the peel whereas, winter pumpkins are cked. Based n cking studies submitted t the U.S. EPA fr review, cking typically results in the reductin f pesticide residues that may be fund n a raw agricultural cmmdity.

6 CX/PR 16/48/12-Add.1 6 As indicated in the table belw, many f the current Cdex MRLs fr the Grup 011- Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits have been established based n residue field trial data fr cucumber, meln, summer submitted by the United States ther cuntries. Fr the tw chemicals (ametctradin penthipyrad) where pumpkin winter data were available, the JMPR cncluded that the residues were nt significantly different nted that the datasets fr melns, pumpkins summer were similar. The additinal cmmdities prpsed fr inclusin in the revised Grup 011- Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits are: Chieh qua; Chinese cucumber; Cucumber, explding; Cucumber, stuffing; Gac; Gurd, bitter snake; Gurd, buffal; Gurd, fluted; Gurd, Malabar; Gurds, ther; Gurd, pinted; Gurd, rund; Indian spine gurd; Ivy gurd; Japanese snake gurd; Tacac; African hrned meln; Casabanana; Krean meln; Meln, nara; Wax gurd (mature fruit). A review f the CAC adpted GUIDANCE TO FACILITATE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MRLS FOR PESTICIDES FOR MINOR CROPS indicates that all f the cmmdities prpsed fr inclusin in Grup 011- Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits fall under categry 1 where there are n data in FAO Stat N GEMS Fd Cluster data. S these additinal cmmdities are very minr crps. Therefre, the United States des nt agree that the inclusin f these additinal cmmdities int Grup 011- Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits justifies that additinal data needs t be develped n pumpkin r winter r that residue field trial data fr cucumber, meln, summer will underestimate ptential pesticide residues n the prpsed cmmdities. Table 1. Chemicals with Existing Cdex MRLs fr Grup 011- Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits Chemical Name JMPR Reprt (Year) Lcatin f field trials Crps with Field Trial Data Cyantraniliprle 2013 Canada cucumber, meln, summer Cyprdinil 2013 US, Spain, Italy cucumber, meln, summer Fludixnil 2013 US cucumber, meln, summer Ametctradin 2012 US, Canada, UK, Netherls, France, Greece, Spain cucumber, meln, summer, PUMPKINS (US nly) Dintefuran 2012 US cucumber, meln, summer Methxyfenzide 2012 US cucumber, meln, summer Penthipyrad 2012 US, Canada cucumber, meln, summer, WINTER SQUASH Clthianidin 2010 US, Japan, Brazil cucumber, summer Flubendiamide 2010 US cucumber, meln, summer Nvalurn 2010 US cucumber, meln, summer Thiamethxam 2010 US, France, Netherls, Spain, Italy cucumber, meln, summer Bsaclid 2009 *nt specified* cucumber, meln, summer Buprfezin 2009 US cucumber, meln, summer Flupiclide 2009 US, Estnia, Lithuania, Greece, Italy, Spain cucumber, meln, summer Hexythiazx 2009 Italy, Spain, Nether, France cucumber, meln, summer

7 CX/PR 16/48/12-Add.1 7 Chemical Name JMPR Reprt (Year) Lcatin f field trials Crps with Field Trial Data Indxacarb 2009 US, Suthern EU cucumber, meln, summer Zxamide 2009 US cucumber, meln, summer Azxystrbin 2008 US, France, Germany, Greece, UK, Italy, Spain, Netherls cucumber, meln, summer Chlrantraniliprle 2008 US, Canada cucumber, meln, summer Cyhalthrin 2008 Spain, Italy, France cucumber, meln, summer Cypermethrins 2008 US, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherls, Spain, Belgium cucumber, meln Methmyl 2008 US, France, Netherls cucumber, meln, summer Spirtetramat 2008 US, Canada cucumber, meln, summer Dimethmrph 2007 US, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Australia, Brazil, Israel cucumber, meln, summer Triadimefn/ Triademenl 2007 US, Australia, New Zeal, Japan, Mexic, Ukraine, France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Mrcc cucumber, meln Bifenazate 2006 US cucumber, meln, summer Pirimicarb 2006 France, UK, Italy, Spain, Netherls cucumber, meln, summer Prpamcarb 2006 US, France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Germany, Netherls cucumber, meln, summer African Unin Backgrund: During the 47 th Sessin f the CCPR, the cmmittee agreed t hld the tables at Step 2/3 fr further discussin, cmments cnsideratin at its 48 th Sessin. Psitin: AU agrees with the prpsed changes reflected in Table 2 which have been updated t reflect agenda 8 (a,b,c,d). AU als agrees with table 3 prpsed. Issue & Ratinale: These tables are in agreement with the psitin mentined under agenda item 8(a,b,c,d,e f).