Cold Climate Wine Grape Cultivars: A New Crop in the Northeast and Upper Midwest Regions of the USA

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1 Cold Climate Wine Grape Cultivars: A New Crop in the Northeast and Upper Midwest Regions of the USA L.P. Berkett, T.L. Bradshaw, and S.L. Kingsley-Richards Department of Plant & Soil Science University of Vermont Burlington, VT USA

2 Where is Vermont?

3 Agriculture & Tourism

4 Vermont Plant Hardiness Zones

5 Cold Climate Wine Grapes Marquette La Crescent Frontenac

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7 Marquette Origin: MN 1094 and the French Hybrid cultivar Ravat 262 (offspring of Pinot Noir) Withstands temperatures as low as -37 C without serious injury. Open and orderly growth habit Ripens mid-season, a few days before the cultivar Frontenac. Wines have been excellent, exceeding nearly all non-v. vinifera varieties in quality ratings. Tasters have noted an attractive deep red color, desirable aromas of cherry, black pepper, spice, and berry, and substantial tannin structure rarely found in hybrid wines.

8 White wine grape variety - makes a Germanic character wine reminiscent of Vignoles or Riesling Origin: St. Pepin x ES ; U of M, 2002 Very winter hardy with trunks surviving temp. as low as -37 C Mid-season variety with an average harvest date of Sept. 26 in Minnesota (approx. 45-degree latitude) Yields and vigor are moderate La Crescent Small to medium amber berries on medium clusters that are slightly loose to loose Wine quality is high when finished in a semi-sweet style, and aromas include apricot, citrus, and pineapple with no herbaceous or labrusca aromas.

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10 1963 Published: July 5, 2013

11 1988 Published: July 5, 2013

12 2013

13 Challenge in Cold Regions An important challenge to this young industry in the colder regions of the USA is the selection of cultivars which will survive the cold winters and consistently produce high quality fruit, particularly within cool, relatively short growing seasons that occur in some of the states. Cultivar selection is a critical decision for a grape grower which will impact the vineyard s competitiveness, profitability, and its success or failure. It is a decision that needs research-generated, sciencebased information.

14 Wine Grape Cultivar Research Projects NE 1020 Project Northern Grapes Project

15 NE1020: Multi-State Evaluation of Winegrape Cultivars and Clones [25 Universities] 1. Evaluate the viticulture characteristics and wine quality potential of clones of economically significant cultivars throughout the USA. 2. Characterize the viticultural and wine quality potential of emerging cultivars based on regional needs. 3. Conduct explorations within and outside of the USA for new or lesser known cultivars that may have economic potential for the US wine industry.

16 University of Vermont Vineyard NE 1020 Cultivar Evaluation Project Planted: rows, 4-vine plots of each cultivar per row Cultivars: Frontenac, La Crescent, St. Croix, Marquette, Prairie Star, Corot Noir, Vignoles, and Traminette Soil Type: Adams-Windsor loamy sand Training System: High-Wire Cordon Irrigation System: Drip Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

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24 2013 Northern Grapes Project Grower Symposium - Research Summaries -

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26 2012

27 2012

28 VERMONT 2009 Grower Survey How important is it to you to learn more about the major grape diseases, the optimal time(s) to manage them, and the various management options? Highly Important 82% Mod. Important 15% Slightly Important 3% Not at all Important 0% Unsure 0%

29 Major Diseases Phomopsis cane & leaf spot - Phomopsis viticola Black Rot - Guignardia bidwellii Powdery Mildew Erysiphe necator Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola NYS IPM Fact Sheet

30 Anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina

31 First Harvest - Never Applied Fungicides Black Rot

32 Grape Insect Pests Grape Berry Moth Endopiza viteana Grape Leafhoppers Erythroneura spp. Grape Phylloxera (leaf form) Dakutlosphaira vitifoliae

33 Grape Berry Moth Webbing of the grape berry moth larvae. Substantial damage caused by the grape berry moth

34 New Insect Pests Spotted Wing Drosophila Source: Wash. State Univ. Source: L.P. Berkett Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys

35 University of Vermont Cold Climate Grape Production Website

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38 University of Vermont Grape IPM Updates

39 NEWA s Homepage Chose a weather station close to your location Stations in Vermont Six on apple farms Calais East Dorset Putney Shoreham South Burlington South Hero Five on airports (NWS) Bennington Burlington Montpelier Morrisville Rutland

40 NEWA Disease & Insect Models

41 Grower Education in Vermont Classroom Vineyard

42 Goal: Quality Cold Climate Wine Grape Production Marquette Frontenac La Crescent

43 Research Technicians Morgan Griffith, Terry Bradshaw, Sarah Kingsley-Richards Danke, Grazie, Merci Thank you For your Attention

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