Now there are beverages, foods, feeds, and more Hordeum vulgare*
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1 In the beginning there was Hordeum spontaneum Now there are beverages, foods, feeds, and more Hordeum vulgare* 2n = 2x = Gbp ~ 30,000 genes Self-pollinated (hermaphroditic) * Technically speaking spontaneum and vulgare are both subspecies of H. vulgare
2
3 What domestication hath wrought. Spontaneum Shattering (brittle rachis) 2-row Adhering hulls Winter annual Vulgare Shattering resistant (non-brittle rachis) 2-row, 6-row Adhering, non-adhering (naked) Winter, facultative, and spring annual Apparent diversity Apparent diversity
4 Domestication and evolutionary bottlenecks Spontaneum and exotic/landrace accessions Current varieties Allelic diversity Allelic diversity The imperative for conservation and characterization of genetic resources
5 Domestication why? Food and pleasure
6 From domestication to migration 1 mile per year (?)
7 Migration and specialization Europe Beer Hulls, spring growth habit, 2-row Feed (food and some beer) Hulls, spring/winter/facultative, 6-row The decree known as the Reinheitsgebot, issued in Ingolstadt in 1516, had three aims: to protect drinkers from high prices; to ban the use of wheat in beer so more bread could be made; and to stop unscrupulous brewers from adding dubious toxic and even hallucinogenic ingredients as preservatives or flavourings.
8 Migration and specialization Central/East Asia food Naked, spring, 6-row
9 Migration and specialization Americas (17 th century - ) North and Meso Hulls, spring growth habit, 2-row malt Europe Hulls, spring growth habit, 6-row malt Europe/Asia Hulls, spring/winter/facultative 6-row feed Iberian peninsula/north Africa
10 The 2017 barley report Forwarded message From: Morning Agriculture Date: Mon, Sep 18, 2017 at 8:02 AM Subject: POLITICO's Morning Agriculture: Montana barley growers look to Mexico NYT highlights Big Food's role in obesity crisis abroad Pork warns of 'financial apocalypse' if NAFTA 2.0 bombs To: By John Lauinger 09/18/ :00 AM EDT With help from Sabrina Rodriguez, Christine Haughney, Megan Cassella, Catherine Boudreau and Helena Bottemiller Evich MONTANA BARLEY GROWERS LOOK TO MEXICO: The craft beer sector in Mexico is expanding rapidly, and Montana barley growers want in on the action. Pro Ag's Catherine Boudreau traveled to Montana in June and witnessed how the U.S. Grains Council used funding from two controversial export-promotion initiatives - the Market Access Program and Foreign Market Development - in a bid to entice Mexican craft brewers into making deals. Montana farmer Mark Lacher noted how earlier this year industry heavyweights AB-InBev and MillerCoors - which purchase nearly two-thirds of the barley grown in north-central Montana - announced they were reducing the number and size of production contracts with area farmers by anywhere from 20 percent to 60 percent due to oversupply. "The doors are open," Lacher said, referring to potential for new export arrangements.
11 Breeding barley at a Land Grant University: The OSU Barley Project Facultative 2-row malting; Facultative 2 (6) row multi-use naked Locus/alleles Phenotype Mechanism Vrn1, Vrn2, Vrn3 Growth habit Loss of function deletions Ppd1, Ppd2 Flowering time Loss of function deletions
12 The OSU Barley Project Crossing Doubled haploids Genetics and Breeding 5H C14TW_LOD:7.6_a:-1 C13TKW_LOD:14.3_a:-2.9 C14Y_LOD:6.9_a: C14HD_LOD:7.4_a:-1.7 C15HD_LOD:6.3_a:-2.1 C13HD_LOD:8.6_a:-2.8 M15HD_LOD:8.3_a:-1.5 M15M_LOD:5.3_a:6.8 C13P_LOD:5.1_a:-1.8 C14L_LOD:4.8_a:-5.2 C13H_LOD:12.3_a:-5.6 C14BSR_LOD:6.6_a:5.5 C13H_LOD:10.3_a:-5.2 C14H_LOD:6.7_a:-5.4 C15BSR_LOD:5.5_a:7.1 C14TW_LOD:6.8_a:-0.9 C14P_LOD:9.4_a:-6.1 M15H_LOD:8.2_a:-2 C14L_LOD:3.7_a:-4.6 C13P_LOD:2.7_a:-1.3 C13BC_LOD:6.4_a:-3.3 C15HD_LOD:3.3_a:-1.6 M15H_LOD:5.8_a:-1.7 C14LR_LOD:3.5_a:5.6 C13BC_LOD:3.1_a:-2.3 C14H_LOD:5.5_a:-4.8 C13BP_LOD:3.1_a: _ A A11281 A A A A _ A9236 A A A A A A A58614 A17329 A15122 A A33142 A11195 A39423 A10578 A A A23020 A19878 A A A52323 A45139 A A _ _ A62366 A16750 A62372 A A A A A A A A A28510 A40667 A25784 A _ _ _ A A A A A31634 A39567 A A A33802 A _ _ A4388 A A A16532 A40446 A A A A56808 A56807 A15768 A A39511 A A _ _ _ _ A40885 A _ _ _ _ _ A A _1061 A50994 A5043 A42576 A A A A A A A A A A26145 A _ A A47689 A A A19829 A19833 A _ _ _ _ _ A A10672 A A _ _ A A A A A A A44849 A A A A A _1018 A43929 A A44323 A A55919 A _ _0869 C13FAN_LOD:36.9_a:-39.6 C13AA_LOD:35.3_a:-18.7 C13ST_LOD:35.2_a:-4.7 C13ST_LOD:31.2_a:-4.6 C13WP_LOD:30.1_a:-0.6 C13ST_LOD:3.7_a:-1.9 C13BG_LOD:5.9_a:75.1 C13WC_LOD:16.5_a:-0.3 C13BC_LOD:3.2_a:-2.3 C13ME_LOD:11.4_a:-0.9 C14SPS_LOD:2.9_a:-0.8 C13BG_LOD:5_a: A63287 A60753 A A _1141 A A32988 A32982 A A A12049 A A A44414 A22962 A A19168 A A A _ _R _ _ _ _ _ _R _F _F _F _ _ _0769 Publication, Variety/Germplasm release Herb, D.W., Benson, A., Carey, D., Cistue, L., Filichkin, T, Fisk, S.P., Helgerson, L., Jennings, R., Li, Y., Meints, B.M., Monsour, R., Moscou, M., Nguygen, A., Onio, A., Romagosa, I., Thiel, R., Thomas, W.B., Tynan, S.P., Vega, V., Vinkemeier, K., Hayes, P.M Malt modification and its effects on the contributions of barley genotype to beer flavor. J. Amer. Soc. Brew. Chem. In press.
13 Barley contributions to beer flavor Deschutes + 6 and the Oregon Promise
14 The OSU malt house
15 Certificates of analysis Barley World Malts Buy em all at Corvallis Brewing Supply Company: OSU Malt Lab Date LAB ID Description Moisture Friability Extract Color β-glucan Soluble Protein S/T FAN DP Alpha Filtration Clarity ph % % % SRM mg/l % % % mg/l L Amylase Time 16-Sep ML OSU Malt normal hazy 5.91 ML OSU Malt normal clear Oct ML Batch Full Pint normal clear Oct ML Batch Buck Hulle 4.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a normal hazy Nov ML OSU Batch , Copel normal clear May ML Copeland Batch normal clear 5.87 ML Copeland Batch normal clear May ML Copeland Batch normal clear 5.83 ML Copeland Batch normal clear Jun ML Batch , 2015 IF normal clear Jul ML Batch normal clear 5.73 ML Buck Batch n/a normal hazy Aug ML Buck Batch n/a normal hazy 5.86
16 Bringing it all back home to Central Oregon Mecca Grade Estate Malt, Full Pint, and Next Pint
17 The hull so divisive! Is it time for barley to go naked after 10,000 years? Multi-use naked barley for malt/food/feed: NIFA-OREI Larry Sidor, Crux Fermentation project + breeders, growers, food processors, maltsters from around the US
18 Crossing, selection (phenotypic, genetic/genomic), mutants, GMOs, and CRISPR Golden Promise (gamma irradiation of Maythorpe, ari-e, 1968) LOX DMS Mechanism Loss of function deletions
19 Variety Showcase: October 2, 2017 Portland, OR Cascadia Grain Conference: January 19/20, 2018 Olympia, WA Barley Day: May/June?, 2018 Corvallis, OR
20 Breed your own! The Oregon Naked Barley Blend ~ 753 different naked doubled haploids from 20 different crosses 2-row, 6-row; spring, facultative, winter; white, brown, blue, purple Your opportunity for natural and/or artificial selection 1 envelope plants square feet
21 Thanks! The Oregon Barley Project crew past and present Brought to you by Your Oregon and Federal tax dollars, USDA-NIFA grants, USDA-ARS, American Malting Barley Association, Great Western Malting, The Flavor7-Pack, Mecca Grade Estate Malt
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