Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Project Sheet

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Steven Melton
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1 Page 1 of 8 Project Name: Thrips Efficacy New Ongoing Completed Duration if ongoing or completed: Project Description: Thrips species can be highly destructive from their own feeding on delicate plant parts and the viruses they vector. Western flower thrips (WFT) can be difficult to manage because it tends to feed on flower petals and often hides deep within flower heads, masked by the petals. Good coverage is key to optimal management as is a good rotational program among different IRAC mode of action classes to reduce resistance development. This project arose from the concern of limited tools (Mesurol, Conserve) with known resistant WFT populations as a way to identify new tools to enable growers to effectively manage these pests. Research Project Abstract (if available): Abstract from 2017 Thrips Efficacy Summary For the last 10 years, the IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Workshop has ranked developing efficacy data on new products to manage thrips as a High Priority Project. Thrips remain an important threat for several reasons: 1) the damage thrips cause to ornamental horticulture plants, decreasing the value of the infested crops; 2) the tospoviruses (tomato spotted wilt, impatiens necrotic ringspot) they can vector; 3) the newly arrived invasive species which impact at least 250 different ornamental horticulture species; and 4) growers lack the ability to rotate among 3 to 4 different modes of actions to effectively manage resistance development in the thrips populations they must control to maintain economic viability. From 2005 through 2017, 81 products representing 53 different active ingredients were tested for thrips management. These products represented both biological and chemical tools. Some products were already registered but more data were needed particularly with the newly invasive thrips species or they were considered standards to measure the level of efficacy achieved with other materials. Other products were in development but have not yet been registered with the EPA. The five thrips species tested in the IR-4 program were Chilli Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex), Privet Thrips (Dendothrips ornatus), Weeping Fig Thrips (Gynaikothrips uzeli), and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Target Species (Phytotoxicity, or common and Latin name of arthropod, pathogen, weed): Chilli Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Cuban Laurel Thrips (Gynaikothripsficorum) Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex) Orchid Thrips(Chaetanaphothripsorchidii) Privet Thrips (Dendothripsornatus) Weeping Fig Thrips (Gynaikothripsuzeli) Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniellaoccidentalis) Target Crops (list tested crops if ongoing or completed project) African Marigold (Tageteserecta) New Mexican Privet (Forestieraneomexicana) Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidii) Petunia(Petunia sp.) Cosmos (Cosmos sp.) Purslane (Portulaca sp.) Flamingo-lily (Anthuriumandraeanum) Rose (Rosa sp.) Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) Transvaal Daisy (Gerbera sp.) Gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.) Vervain (Verbena sp.) Hardy mum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium) Weeping Fig (Ficusbenjamina) Marigold (Tagetes sp.) Zinnia (Zinnia sp.) New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Creation Date: 7/2/2013 Last Saved Date: 3/18/2016

2 Page 2 of 8 Target Product(s)(list tested products or numbered compounds if ongoing or completed project) Grandevo A16901B Carzol Orthene TTO Hachi-Hachi Scimitar CS Acelepryn Celero 16WSG Overture 35WP Kontos Sevin SL Allectus SC Conserve SC Pedestal Mainspring Surround WP Aloft SC Cyclaniliprole Proud 3 Marathon 1G Talstar NF Aria 50SG Diazinon 50W Pylon Marathon II Tempo Ultra Avid 0.15EC Dimethoate 4EC QRD 400 Marathon Ultra TickEx EC AzaGuard Discus QRD 416 Mesurol 75W TriCon (BW420) BAS 320i DP-HGW86 S WP Met52 TriStar 30SG BotaniGard 22WP Dursban 50W Safari 20SG MilStop Venerate BotaniGard ES EcoTrol Safari 2G MOI201 pire Capsil Flagship 25WG Safer Soap OHP Product Registration and Research Status Fully Screened (also includes standards) for Thrips Generally & Commercialized for Thrips Generally But NOT Commercialized for Specific Thrips & Commercialized for Specific Thrips but NOT Commercialized Not yet registered or labeled for thrips No longer available for development for thrips Conserve SC * Flagship 25WG Marathon II Marathon Ultra Orthene TTO * Pedestal Carzol Diazinon 50W Dimethoate 4EC DP-HGW86 Dursban 50W Mesurol 75W Pylon * Safari 20SG * Scimitar CS Talstar NF Tempo Ultra TriStar 30SG MOI 201 QRD 400 QRD 416 Sevin SL TriCon (BW420) Partially Screened through IR-4 1 Avid 0.15EC Aria 50SG * AzaGuard Grandevo (MBI 203 DF) Hachi-Hachi * Met 52 EC (TickExEC)* Overture 35WP * Proud 3 BotaniGard 22WP BotaniGard ES Rycar (NNI-0101) A16901B Venerate (MBI 206 F) Acelepryn * BAS 320i Celero 16WSG 2 Kontos * S WP * IR-4 Data contributed to registration decision either adding pest to label or not pursuing further research 1 At least one species screened fully 2 Product not available for production ornamentals Need Data for AdditionalSpecies? Allectus SC 2 Aloft SC 2 Discus EcoTrol Marathon 1G Met52 Safari 2G SaferSoap Surround WP BotaniGard MA pectro OD MilStop OHP Other: This project also tested tank mix and rotations to foster IPM strategies for managing resistance. Two other projects were offshoots from this one: Thrips Materials Crop Safety and Screening of Impacts on Thrips Beneficial Organisms Creation Date: 7/2/2013 Last Saved Date: 3/18/2016

3 Page 3 of 8 Area Characteristic Pro Con Thrips remain a hard to manage pest Several IRAC classes are available for resistance Availability & effectiveness of alternative management management tools Very few materials for outdoor uses on WFT Very few new tools and new classes for screening Damage potential of target Performance and crop safety of proposed A lot of data available already for WFT products (from other systems) Need data on various thrips species other than WFT Insecticide resistance in greenhouse thrips Compatibility with IPM, resistance populations is common; hence, resistance management programs management is essential Economics Geographic distribution Manufacturer interest in labeling products Three + unregistered tools to screen Some growers not utilizing effective resistance Other management strategies therefore resistant thrips spreading (not necessarily a specific project con) Successful project for registrations 2015 comments: Outdoor thrips testing preferred (WFT, onion thrips, chillithrips, pear thrips, etc.) IR-4 Efficacy Trials to Date Average rating on a scale of 1 5 with 1 = 0 to about 50% efficacy (not effective) and 5 = 95 to 100 efficacy (very effective); minimum to maximum rating; number of trials (See table on next page). For product/insect combinations that are blank, IR-4 has not screened this combination. indicates that this disease species or genera is listed on the label. A rating of 2 or lower is considered unacceptable efficacy (red text). A rating of 3 or higher is considered commercially acceptable (black text). Nonlabeled, completed product/disease combinations (3 or more trials) with an average rating of 3 or higher are highlighted with green text. For disease/product combinations that are blank, IR-4 has not screened this combination. Creation Date: 7/2/2013 Last Saved Date: 3/18/2016

4 Page 4 of 8 Product (Actives Ingredients) A16901B 45WG (Cyantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) Acelepryn (aka DP-E2Y45) 1.67 (Chlorantraniliprole) Allectus SC (Bifenthrin + Imidacloprid) Aloft SC (Clothianadin + bifenthrin) Aria 50SG (Flonicamid) Avid 0.15EC (Abamectin) AzaGuard (Azadirachtin) )Chilli Thrips, Yellow Tea Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Cuban Laurel Thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum) Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex) 2.0 (2-2) n1 Gynaikothrips uzeli (Gynaikothrips uzeli) Orchid Thrips (Chaetanaphothrips orchidii) Privet Thrips (Dendrothrips ornatus) Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) 3.6 (1-5) n7 1.8 (1-4) n (1-5) n8 3.3 (1-5) n (1-3) n8 Azatin L (Azadirachtin) BAS 320i (Metaflumizone) 1.3 (1-2) n4 BAS 350i (Fipronil) Botanigard 22WP (Beauveria bassiana GHA) BotaniGard ES (BioWorks) (Beauveria 2.7 (1-5) n3 bassiana Strain GHA) BotaniGard ES (Laverlam International) 4.0 (3-5) n5 (Beauveria bassiana) Capsil (Blend of polyether-and polymethylsiloxane copolymer and nonionic 1.0 (1-1) n3 surfactants) Carzol SP (Formetanate hydrochloride) Celero 16WSG (Clothianidin) 2.5 (1-4) n2 2.3 (1-4) n7 3.5 (3-4) n2 2.8 (1-5) n32 Conserve SC (Spinosad) Cyclaniliprole (IKI-3106) 50SL (Cyclaniliprole) 3.2 (1-5) n6

5 Page 5 of 8 )Chilli Thrips, Yellow Tea Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Cuban Laurel Thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum) Product (Actives Ingredients) Diazinon 50W (Diazinon) 4.0 (3-5) n2 Dimethoate 4EC (Drexel) (Dimethoate) 2.0 (1-3) n2 Discus (Imidacloprid + cyfluthrin) 3.7 (2-5) n3 DP-HGW86 (Cyantraniliprole) Dursban 50 W (Chlorpyrifos) EcoTrol (Rosemary Oil) 3.7 (1-5) n3 2.3 (1-3) n3 2.0 (2-2) n1 2.3 (1-5) n20 Flagship 25WG (Thiamethoxam) Grandevo (MBI 203 DF) (Chromobacterium 1.4 (1-3) n7 subtsugae NRRL B-30655) 3.4 (1-5) n20 Hachi-Hachi EC (Tolfenpyrad) Hachi-Hachi SC (Tolfenpyrad) 1.0 (1-1) n3 2.0 (2-2) n1 2.3 (1-5) n19 Kontos (BYI SC) (Spirotetramat) Mainspring (A20520A) 200SC 4.0 (3-5) n7 (Cyantraniliprole) Marathon 1% granular (Imidacloprid) Marathon II (Imidacloprid) Marathon Ultra (Imidacloprid + cyfluthrin) Mesurol 75-W (Methicarb) Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex) Gynaikothrips uzeli (Gynaikothrips uzeli) Orchid Thrips (Chaetanaphothrips orchidii) Privet Thrips (Dendrothrips ornatus) Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) 2.6 (1-5) n5 Met52 (Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52) MilStop (Potassium bicarbonate) MOI 201 (MOI 201) 2.4 (1-4) n7 OHP (OHP 929-2) 3.0 (1-5) n2

6 Page 6 of 8 Product (Actives Ingredients) Orthene TTO 97 (Valent) (Acephate) Overture 35WP (Pyridalyl) Pedestal (Novaluron) Proud 3 (Thyme oil (5.6%)) Pylon (Chlorfenapyr) QRD 400 (Extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides) QRD 416 (Extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides) Rotation: Aria / Botanigard (Flonicamid + Beauveria bassiana) Rotation: Aria / TickEx (Flonicamid + Metarhizium anisophliae) Rotation: Aria / Tolfenpyrad / Pylon (Flonicamid / tolfenpyrad / chlorfenapyr) Rotation: Botanigard / Hachi-Hachi (Beauveria bassiana / tolfenpyrad) Rotation: Botanigard + Molt / Botanigard (Beauveria bassiana + BW533) Rotation: Botanigard + SuffOil- / Botanigard (Beauveria bassiana + paraffin oil) Rotation: Conserve / Tolfenpyrad / Pylon (Spinosad / tolfenpyrad / chlorfenapyr) Rotation: IKI-3106 / Venerate C (Cyclaniliprole / Burkholderia sp. strain A 396) Rotation: NNI-0101 / Tolfenpyrad (NNI-0101 / tolfenpyrad) Rotation: Tick-Ex / Hachi-Hachi (Metarhizium )Chilli Thrips, Yellow Tea Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Cuban Laurel Thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum) Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex) Gynaikothrips uzeli (Gynaikothrips uzeli) 2.0 (2-2) n1 Orchid Thrips (Chaetanaphothrips orchidii) Privet Thrips (Dendrothrips ornatus) Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) 3.9 (1-5) n (1-5) n7 3.6 (1-5) n (3-4) n2 2.0 (2-2) n1 2.0 (2-2) n1 3.0 (1-5) n2 3.5 (3-4) n2 1.6 (1-3) n5 1.8 (1-3) n6 3.5 (2-5) n2

7 Page 7 of 8 )Chilli Thrips, Yellow Tea Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Cuban Laurel Thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum) Product (Actives Ingredients) anisophliae / tolfenpyrad) Rycar (SP3009/NNI-0101) (Pyrifluquinazon) 1.7 (1-5) n16 S WP VC1638 (Pyridalyl) 3.5 (2-5) n4 4.0 (4-4) n2 2.5 (1-4) n2 2.5 (1-3) n4 Safari 20SG (Dinotefuran) Safari 2G (V G) (Dinotefuran) Safer Soap (Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids) Scimitar CS (Lambda-cyhalothrin) Sevin SL (Carbaryl) Surround WP (Kaolin Clay) Talstar Flowable Insecticide/Miticide (Bifenthrin) Talstar NF (Bifenthrin) Tank Mix: A16901B + CA4803A (A169091B + CA4803A) Tank Mix: Aria + NNI-0101 (Flonicamid + NNI- 0101) ** Tank Mix: BotaniGard + Tick-Ex (Beauveria bassiana + Metarhizium anisophliae) Tank Mix: Botanigard 22WP + BW130 (Beauveria bassiana + BW130) Tempo Ultra (Cyfluthrin) TickEx EC (Metarhizium anisophliae) TriCon (BW 420) (Sodium tetraborahydrate decahydrate) TriStar 30SG (Acetamiprid) 4.0 (3-5) n2 Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex) Gynaikothrips uzeli (Gynaikothrips uzeli) 4.8 (4-5) n4 2.0 (2-2) n1 Orchid Thrips (Chaetanaphothrips orchidii) Privet Thrips (Dendrothrips ornatus) Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) 5.0 (5-5) n2 3.3 (1-5) n3 1.0 (1-1) n3 1.6 (1-5) n (1-5) n6 2.4 (1-5) n5

8 Page 8 of 8 Product (Actives Ingredients) Venerate (MBI 206 F) (Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396) xpire (GF-2860) 40WG (Spinetoram + sulfoxaflor) )Chilli Thrips, Yellow Tea Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Cuban Laurel Thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum) Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex) Gynaikothrips uzeli (Gynaikothrips uzeli) Orchid Thrips (Chaetanaphothrips orchidii) Privet Thrips (Dendrothrips ornatus) Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) 1.1 (1-2) n (2-5) n6 *Note:the Gladiolus thrips experiment was a bulb dip treatment prior to storage. These results will not translate to foliar applications. ** This tank mix combination performed well. Each component is registered as individual products and may be tank mixed together.

9 Registered and Experimental Products for Thrips Management Page 1 of 3 Residual Control (days) Information presented is based on the best data available on October 2, Western Flower Thrips Efficacy Life Stage Treatment Program A B C D Foliar Applied Insecticides (active ingredients) IRAC Class Registered Use Site(s) Knock Down REI Aria (flonicamid) 9c G, I, N M h P E P E P P x? x? B C D Astro, Permethrin.Pro, etc. (permethrin) 3A G, I F h???? x? x? B NO NO Avid EC (abamectin) 6 G, N, S F Contact 12 h P E G E P E x? x A B C ** D AzaGuard, Azatin L, Molt-, Ornazin, etc. Chilli ***Gynaikothrips Gladiolus Immatures Pupae Adults Aggressive w/out biological with Biologicals 18B G, I, N, S S 7 4 h P G P-F P P x???? C D (azadirachtin) BioCeres WP, BioCeres G (Beauveria bassiana strain ANT-03) M G, I, N, S M 3 4 h???? x x x? B C* D BotaniGard, Mycotrol (Beauveria bassiana strain GHA) M G, I, N, S M 3 4 h P E F P? x x x? B C * D BotaniGard MA, pectro OD, (Beauveria bassiana + pyrethrins) 3A G, I, N, S F? 12 h F a??????? B NO NO Cinnacure (cinnamaldehyde) - G, N F Contact 4 h???? x? x?? C D Conserve SC, Entrust (spinosad) 5 G, L, N, S F 5 4 h P E E P G E x? x A B C ** D Decathlon, Tempo (cyfluthrin) 3A G, I, N F 7 12 h?? P? x? x? B NO NO Dimethoate 1B N F 5-7? 48 h???? x? x? B NO NO Discus Tablet (cyfluthrin + imidacloprid) 3A + 4A N F 7 12 h?? E E x? x? B NO NO Duraguard, Dursban (chlorpyrifos) 1B G, N F 5-7? 24 h?? P? x? x? B NO NO Ecotrol (rosemary and peppermint oils) - G, N?? -???? x? x???? Enstar AQ (kinoprene) 7A G, I, L, S S? 4 h???? x???? C D Flagship 25WG (thiamethoxam) 4A G, L, N, S F? 12 h P E E G E x? x A B C****? Grandevo, MBI-203 DF (Chromobacterium - G, N S? 4 h P E??? x? x???? subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 T ) Hachi-Hachi EC (tolfenpyrad) 21A G F h P-E G? E x? x A B NO? Kontos, BYI-8330 (spirotetramat) 23 G, I, N S h P F P P G x? x? B?? Mainspring, A20520A, DP-HGW86 28 G, I F? 4 h F E??? x? x? B?? (cyantraniliprole) Malathion 1B G, N F 5-7? 12 h???? x? x? B NO NO Marathon, Merit (imidacloprid) 4A G, I, N F? 12 h E G E? E x? x? B NO NO Mavrik (fluvalinate) 3A G, I, N F h???? x? x? B NO NO Mesurol 75WP (methiocarb) 1A G, N F Contact 24 h P E?? F x? x A B NO? Met 52, Tick Ex (Metarhizium anisopliae F52) - G, N M h P - F F? P x? x???? M-Pede, Safer Soap (potassium salts of fatty acids) Naturalis L (Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040) - G, I, N F Contact 12 h P? P? x??? B C ** D M G, I, N, S M 3 4 h???? x x x? B C * D prior to biologicals

10 Registered and Experimental Products for Thrips Management Page 2 of 3 Residual Control (days) Western Flower Thrips Efficacy Life Stage Treatment Program A B C D Foliar Applied Insecticides (active ingredients) IRAC Class Registered Use Site(s) Knock Down REI NoFly WP (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus P - - G M h P - E P - E P - E strain FE 9901) E x? x A B C D Orthene T&O, Acephate 97 UP (acephate) 1B G, N F 7 24 h E? P G x? x A B NO? Overture 25 WP (pyridalyl) UN G M h P E F P F x? x A B C D Pedestal (novaluron) 15 G, N, S S h P?? G x?? A B C ** D Prentox Pyronyl Crop Spray, Pyrenone Crop Chilli ***Gynaikothrips Gladiolus Immatures Pupae Adults Aggressive w/out biological with Biologicals 3A + G, N F? 12 h???? x? x? B NO NO Spray, etc. (pyrethrins + PBO) Proud 3 (thyme oil) - TBD? h P-G??? x? x???? Pylon 2SC (chlorfenapyr) 13 G M h F E E? G x? x A B NO NO Rycar, NNI-0101 (pyrifluquinazon) UN G? h P G?? P x? x? B?? Safari 20SG (dinotefuran) 4A G, N M 7 12 h P G P E E G x? x A B?? Scimitar GC (lambda-cyhalothrin) 3 G, N, S F 7 24 h P - E P?? x? x? B NO NO Sucrashield (sucrose octanoate) - G, N? Contact 48 h x? x? B?? Sorbishield 90 (sorbitol octanoate) - G, N? Contact 24 h P??? x? x? B?? Surround WP (kaolin) - G? Contact 4 h?? G? x? x? B?? Talstar (bifenthrin) 3 G, I, N F? 12 h? P F P E? x? x? B NO NO Tame (fenpropathrin) 3A G, I, L, N, S F 7 24 h x? x? B NO NO TriStar (acetamiprid) 4A G, L, N, S F? 12 h P - E E F E x? x A B NO D Ultra pure oil, SuffOil-, etc. (paraffinic oil) - G, N F Contact 4 h G - E F? P x x x A B C ** D pire (spinoteram+sulfoxaflor) 5+4C G, N F h P-E E?? x? x? B?? Experimental Products A16901B (cyantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) A TBD??? E ADV TBD?????????????? Allectus (bifenthrin + imidacloprid) a 3 + 4A TBD F? 12 h P E E x? x? B NO NO Aloft (bifenthrin + clothianidin) 3A + 4A TBD F? 12 h? E?? x??? B NO NO Arena, Celero (clothianidin) 4A TBD?? 12 h P E? G E x? x? B?? IKI-3106 (cyclaniliprole) - TBD??? E?????????? Milstop (potassium bicarbonate) - G, I, L, N, S?? 1h?? P? x? x???? QRD 416 (oil extract from Chenopodium sp) a - TBD??? P??? x? x???? Tricon (sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate) - TBD?? 12 h P E? P P x? x???? Venerate, MBI-206 (Burkholderia sp. strain - G, N S? 4 h P E??? x? x???? A396) Registered Use Sites: G = Greenhouse; L = Lath House; I = Indoors; N = Nursery; S = Shade House; TBD = To Be Determined Knockdown: Fast (< 1 day), Medium (1-7 days), Slow (>7 days). Efficacy: P = Poor (< 70% control); F = Fair (70% to 85% control); G = Good (85% to 95% control), E = Excellent (>95% control) on immatures and/or adults 1 to 3 weeks after first app. prior to biologicals Information presented is based on the best data available on October 2, 2017.

11 Registered and Experimental Products for Thrips Management Page 3 of 3 Residual Control taken from product technical and label info, recommendations on earliest application intervals; Efficacy ratings taken from the 2017 IR-4 efficacy summary and 2 additional trials, and 2 AMT reports. Effect on biological control agents for thrips taken from Koppert, Biobest and some extension publications/recommendations. a Efficacy rating based on three BotaniGard MA trials provided by Bioworks. * Results of efficacy trials have been variable for entomopathogens and impact on beneficial organisms is presumed to be less than that of traditional pesticide chemistries but the data are sparse. ** This insecticide is toxic to many BCA s but has a short residual and may be suitable for treating hot spots and re-introducing BCA s soon thereafter. *** Gynaikothrips sp. produces galls making it very difficult to control them with contact insecticides. **** Drenches of this product are typically less problematic than foliar applications and can be used in a maintenance program if additional releases are made. a No longer available for testing Information presented is based on the best data available on October 2, 2017.

Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Project Sheet

Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Project Sheet http://ir4.rutgers.edu/ornamental/ornamentalprojectinformationsheets.cfm Page 1 of 7 Project Name: Thrips Efficacy New Ongoing Completed Duration if ongoing or completed: 2006-2017 Project Description: