한국미기록귀화식물 : 미역취아재비와미국풀솜나물

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1 Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 44(1): (2014) ISSN Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy Two newly naturalized plants in Korea: Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. and Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera Seong-Jin Ji, Su-Young Jung, Jeong-Ki Hong, Hee-suk Hwang, Soo-Hyun Park, Jong-Cheol Yang, Kae-Sun Chang, Seung-Hwan Oh and You-Mi Lee* Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon , Korea (Received 11 February 2014; Accepted 21 February 2014) 한국미기록귀화식물 : 미역취아재비와미국풀솜나물 지성진 정수영 홍정기 황희숙 박수현 양종철 장계선 오승환 이유미 * 국립수목원산림생물조사과 ABSTRACT: Two naturalized plants belonging to Asteraceae (Compositae) were collected in Gangwon-do and Jeju-do. Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt., a taxon of unrecorded genus Euthamia Nutt., was found in Inje-gun, Gangwon-do. This species can be distinguished from Solidago japonica Kitam. and S. gigantea Aiton by punctate, entire leaves and disc corollas without vein. Its Korean name was given Mi-yeok-chwi-a-jae-bi because it shows similar external appearances with that of the Mi-yeok-chwi (Solidago japonica Kitam.). Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera was discovered in Jeju-do. It can be distinguished from G. purpurea (L.) Cabrera by withering basal leaves at flowering and relatively short inner phyllaries. This taxon was named Mi-guk-pulsom-na-mul in Korean by considering its specific epithet. Keywords: Euthamia graminifolia, Gamochaeta pensylvanica, naturalized plant, Asteraceae 적요 : 국화과에속하는미기록귀화식물 2 종이강원도와제주도에서확인되었다. 미기록속인미역취아재비속 (Euthamia Nutt.) 에속하는미역취아재비 [Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.] 가강원도인제군에서발견되었다. 이종은선점이있고전연인잎과맥이없는통상화관에의해미역취 (Solidago japonica Kitam.) 및미국미역취 (S. gigantea Aiton) 와구별된다. 국명은미역취와유사하여 미역취아재비 로신칭하였다. 또한미국풀솜나물 [Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera] 이제주도에서발견되었다. 이종은개화기에없어지는근생엽과더짧은내총포에의해자주풀솜나물 [G. purpurea (L.) Cabrera] 과구분된다. 국명은종소명을고려하여 미국풀솜나물 로신칭하였다. 주요어 : 미역취아재비, 미국풀솜나물, 귀화식물, 국화과 The genus Euthamia Nutt. belonging to tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) consists of 5 taxa and is distributed in North and Central America (Haines, 2006; Anderberg et al., 2007). This genus can be distinguished from other genus by its rhizomatous habit, linear to oblanceolate, punctate leaves, *Author for correspondence: ymlee99@forest.go.kr Copyright 2014 the Korean Society of Plant Taxonomists yellow heads in distinct corymbs, terete cypselae with pappus (Sieren, 1981; Nesom, 2000). Gamochaeta Wedd. is one of the largest genera in tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) and is represented by more than 50 species in North, Central and South America (Nesom, 2006; Anderberg et al., 2007; Freire and Urtubey, 2013). This genus can be distinguished from other genus by its heads in spiciform arrays, cypselae with mucilage-producing papilliform hairs on the faces and pappus bristles connate at the base (Nesom, 13

2 14 Seong-Jin Jin et al. 1990, 2004; Freire and Urtubey, 2013). In this paper, we provide descriptions of two newly naturalized plants, Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. and Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera, in Korea. Additionally, photographs, illustrations and key characteristics of the species are provided. Description and Discussion 1. Euthamia Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 162 (1818). Perennials [or subshrubs]. Stems erect, simple or branched, hairy [or glabrous], [glaucous] or not. Leaves alternate; sessile; blades linear to lanceolate, margins entire, faces hairy [or glabrous], sparsely to densely gland-dotted. Heads in corymbiform to paniculiform. Phyllaries 1-nerved. Ray florets pistillate; corollas yellow. Disc florets bisexual; corollas yellow, lobes 5; stamens 5; style 2-branched. Cypselae oblong to narrowly ellipsoid, pubescent; pappus white, barbellate. Species 5 (1 in Korea). Distribution: North and Central America, introduced in Europe and Asia. Korean name: Mi-yeok-chwi-a-jae-bi-sok (미역취아재비속). Fig. 1. Photographs of Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. A. Habit; B. Rhizome; C; Heads. The authorship of Euthamia was cited as (Nutt.) Nutt., (Nutt.) Cass. and Nutt. ex Cass. (Sieren, 1981; Gandhi, 1999; Nesom, 1999). We consider correct authorship for this genus to be as cited by Strother (2000). Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 162 (1818). Chrysocoma graminifolia L., Sp. Pl. 2: 841 (1753). Type: Habitat in Canada, no (lectotype: S, photograph!). Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 199 (1796). Perennials with creeping rhizomes, up to 120 cm. Stems hirtellous. Leaves lanceolate, mm long, 3-12 mm wide, gradually reduced distally, apices acute to acuminate, margins hirtellous, faces hirtellous, gland-dotted, 3-5 nerved. Heads mm long. Phyllaries in 3-5 series; outer ovate, mm long; inner oblong, mm long. Ray florets Disc florets 4-13; corollas mm. Cypselae mm long; pappus long. (Figs. 1, 2). Korean name: Mi-yeok-chwi-a-jae-bi (미역취아재비). Flowering: Aug. to Sep. Fig. 2. Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. A. Habit; B. Head; C. Disc floret; D; Ray floret; E. Leaf.

3 Two newly naturalized plants in Korea: Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. and Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera 15 Distribution: North and Central America, Japan, Russia, Europe and Korea. Korea: Gangwon-do. Voucher specimen: Gangwon-do, Inje-gun, Inje-eup, Garisan-ri 450, 13 Sep. 2013, S. H. Park & S. J. Ji, ParkSH (15 sheets, KH). E. graminifolia (L.) Nutt. can be distinguished from Solidago japonica Kitam. and S. gigantea Aiton by punctate, entire leaves and disc corollas without vein. Its Korean name was given Mi-yeok-chwi-a-jae-bi because it shows similar external appearances with that of the Mi-yeok-chwi (Solidago japonica Kitam.). This species is native to North and Central America (Sieren, 1981; Nesom, 2000; Haines, 2006), and is naturalized or cultivated in Japan, Russia and Europe (Juzepczuk, 1959; Mcneill, 1976; Sojima, 2003). The habitat of E. graminifolia (L.) Nutt. in Korea is wet bare land with area of 3 m 15 m, located at Garisan-ri, Injeeup, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do. In this area, more than 100 individuals have been growing with Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Artemisia princeps Pamp., Humulus japonicus Sieboid & Zucc., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Oenothera biennis L., Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Gross, Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P.Beauv., Panicum bisulcatum Thunb. and Eragrostis multicaulis Steud. to oblanceolate-obovate, mm long, 6-21 mm wide, apices often apiculate, margin entire or slightly wavy, faces concolor or weakly bicolor, loosely tomentose. Heads in spiciform, 3-4 mm long. Phyllaries in 3-4 series, outer ovate, mm long; inner oblong, mm long. Ray florets pistillate; corollas purplish distally, mm long. Disc florets bisexual, 3-4; corollas purplish distally, lobes 5; mm long. Cypselae brown, elliptic, ca. 0.5 mm, minutely glandular; Pappus white, barbellate, mm long, connate at base into a ring. (Figs. 3, 4). Korean name: Mi-guk-pul-som-na-mul ( 미국풀솜나물 ). Flowering: Mar. to May. Distribution: America, Africa, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, China, Japan and Korea. Korea: Jeju-do. Voucher specimen: Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Hangyeong-myeon, Gosan-ri, Dangsanbong, 18 May 2012, S. H. Park, ParkSH (KH); Jeju-si, Hangyeong-myeon, Josu-ri, 26 Apr. 2012, S. H. Park, ParkSH (KH); Jeju-si, Chujamyeon, Yecho-ri, Dondaesan, 1 Jul. 2013, S. H. Park, ParkSH (KH); Seogwipo-si, Jungmun-dong, Key to Euthamia graminifolia and its related taxa in Korea. 1. Leaves not punctate, margins toothed; disc corollas with veins. 2. Cauline leaves pinnately nerved; inflorescences thyrse Solidago japonica 미역취 2. Cauline leaves 3 prominent nerves from base; inflorescences paniculiform S. gigantea 미국미역취 1. Leaves punctate, margins entire; disc corollas without vein Euthamia graminifolia 미역취아재비 2. Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 375 (1961). Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 867 (1809). Type: Buenos Aires, 1767, Commerson s.n., (holotype: P photograph!). Annuals, cm tall, taprooted. Stems erect to decumbent, simple or more often branching from base, loosely tomentose. Leaves basal and cauline; basal ones withering at flowering; cauline ones sessile; blades spatulate Fig. 3. Photographs of Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera. A. Habit; B. Heads.

4 16 Seong-Jin Jin et al. G. calviceps (Fernald) Cabrera is recognized by linear, relatively narrow cauline leaves and heads in paniculate (Drury, 1971; Freire and Urtubey, 2013). This species was recorded in Korea by Park (1995). But, all specimens of G. calviceps (Fernald) Cabrera deposited in Korea National Herbarium (KH) were reclassified as G. purpurea (L.) Carbrera or G. pensylvanica(willd.) Cabrera. Therefore, G. calviceps (Fernald) Cabrera may not distributed in Korea. Key to Gamochaeta pensylvanica and G. purpurea in Korea. 1. Basal leaves persistent at flowering; cauline leaves densely tomentose at abaxial; inner phyllaries mm long G. purpurea 자주풀솜나물 1. Basal leaves withering at flowering; cauline leaves loosely tomentose at abaxial; inner phyllaries mm long G. pensylvanica 미국풀솜나물 Acknowledgment Fig. 4. Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera. A. Habit; B, C. Head; D. Outer phyllary; E. Inner phyllary; F. Disc floret; G. Ray floret; H. Cypsela. Jungmum Resort, 16 May 1997, S. H. Park, s.n. (2 sheets, KH); Seogwipo-si, Jungmun-dong, Jungmum Resort, 29 May 1998, S. H. Park, P0016 (2 sheets, KH); Seogwipo-si, Seohodong, Eongtto Fall, 28 May 2013, S. H. Park, ParkSH (KH); Seogwipo-si, Beophwan-dong, Sae Isl. 28 May 2013, S. H. Park, ParkSH130791, 4 Jul. 2013, S. H. Park, ParkSH (KH); Seogwipo-si, Daejeong-eup, Gapa-ri, 29 May 2013, S. H. Park, ParkSH (2 sheets, KH); Seogwipo-si, Daejeong-eup, Sangmo-ri, 28 May 2013, S. H. Park, ParkSH (KH). G. pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera can be distingui-shed from G. purpurea (L.) Cabrera by withering basal leaves at flowering, loosely tomentose cauline leaves and relatively short inner phyllaries. This taxon was named Mi-guk-pulsom-na-mul in Korean taking into account its specific epithet. The species is native to America (Nesom, 1990, 2006), and is naturalized in Australia, Europe, New Zealand, China and Japan (Drury, 1971; Takahashi, 2003; DAISIE, 2009; Pellow et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2011). In Korea, it is mainly found at farmlands and roadside of Jeju-do and adjacent Islands. This study was conducted as a part of the Korea National Arboretum s The Naturalized forestry plants distribution monitoring and a study of ecological characteristics (KNA1-1-12, 13-2) project. Special thanks to Hyeong-So Kim for providing the information regarding the natural habitat for E. graminifolia. Literature Cited Anderberg, A. A., B. G. Baldwin, R. G. Bayer, J. Breitwieser, C. Jeffrey, M. O. Dillon, P. Eldenäs, V. Funk, N. Garcia-Jacas, D. J. N. Hind, P. O. Karis, H. W. Lack, G. Nesom, B. Nordenstam, Ch. Oberprieler, J. L. Panero, C. Puttock, H. Robinson, T. F. Stuessy, A. Susanna, E. Urtubey, R. Vogt, J. Ward and L. E. Watson Compositae. In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 8. Kubitzki, K. (ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Pp Chen, Y. S., S. X. Zhu and R. J. Bayer Gamochaeta. In Flora of China, Vol Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven and D. Y. Hong (eds.). Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis. Pp DAISIE Handbook of Alien Species in Europe, Vol. 3. Springer, New York. P Drury, D. G The American spicate cudweeds adventive to New Zealand: (Gnaphalium section Gamochaeta-Compositae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: Freire, S. E. and E. Urtubey Gamochaeta beckii (Gnapha-

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