CHECKLIST OF THE FLORA OF HUNTINGDONSHIRE (VC31)

Transcription

1 CHECKLIST OF THE FLORA OF HUNTINGDONSHIRE (VC31) David A. Broughton

2 Overview The following checklist is an attempt to reconcile the divergent species lists for Huntingdonshire provided in The Flora of Huntingdonshire and the Soke of Peterborough (Wells, 2003) and the Vice-County Census Catalogue (available online at It also incorporates all new taxa identified since these two accounts were published. It is intended that the checklist will be refined over coming years through the inclusion of additional information, such as dates for the first and last county records. By so doing the checklist will provide a sound basis for further investigation of the county s flora and ultimately, over the long term, for the preparation of a new county flora. At present, because of other constraints on my time, it is by necessity a brief account but, I hope, a useful step in the right direction. For further detail on the status and distribution of most of the taxa listed (recent finds excepted) please refer to the County Flora, The Rare Plant Register for Huntingdonshire (available online at and the BSBI Map Scheme (see The checklist takes an inclusive approach covering all named taxa known to occur in the county, whether they are species, subspecies, varieties, forms, cultivars or hybrids. The only limitation on coverage is the availability of names and published descriptions for these taxa, particularly infraspecifics, and the (my) ability to recognise/identify these taxa when found. Pending further research, it is debateable whether all of the infraspecific taxa listed are taxonomically meaningful, indeed many will not be. However there is more to variation than taxonomy and a narrow focus on the latter overlooks the value associated with being able to apply labels to describe and study all of the variation observable within species. Where infraspecific variation is rooted in genetic variation then it is almost certainly meaningful and interesting even if not taxonomically meaningful. Given the concept of biodiversity covers the full spectrum of variation from genes and genotypes through to species and habitats then biodiversity conservation should be (however challenging that might be) about conserving variation and not just the conservation of taxonomically valid entities. Genetic diversity is fundamental to natural selection and evolution, ecological interactions between species and indeed to how we make use of natural resources e.g. for horticulture, crop breeding and pharmacology. The nomenclature for higher taxa follows the New Flora of the British Isles (Stace, 2010) but balanced by the Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (Sell & Murrell, 1996, 2006 and 2009) and Sedges of the British Isles (Jermy et al. 2007). The Flora of Great Britain and Ireland is also the primary source for many of the infraspecific taxa listed, although others have been drawn from a wide range of sources too numerous to list here. Taxa are presented in a tiered arrangement to reflect their currently accepted relationships, as follows: Species Subspecies Variety Form Where the list of infraspecific taxa present is likely to be incomplete, then this has been indicated by offsetting the infraspecific taxa identified to date from the species name. The relationships between a limited number of infraspecific taxa needs further clarification (e.g. within Crataegus monogyna and Stellaria neglecta) and at present does not reflect a robust hierarchy. 1

3 The status assigned to taxa listed in the checklist is based on those defined in the New Flora of the British Isles (Stace, 2010). These are native, archaeophyte, introduced casual, introduced survivor and introduced naturalised. A sixth category, native (halophyte), is added to deal with the increasing number of halophytes being found along the county s roads. While there is an anthropogenic component to the spread of these species they are expanding their range primarily to occupy newly available niches and are therefore not that different from many other native species. On this basis, it would seem unfair to consider these species to be introduced. Acknowledgements I gratefully acknowledge all botanists past and present who have contributed the records essential for the production of this checklist, and indeed all other accounts of the county s flora. My predecessor as county recorder, Terry Wells, was responsible for the collation of a particularly significant dataset. I would specifically like to thank the following for their generous (and in some cases unsolicited) assistance in identifying difficult taxa: Professor A.J. Richards for identifying material of Taraxacum; Mr A.L. Newton for identifying Rubus; Mr. R. Maskew for help with Rosa; Mr N.F. Stewart for help with charophytes; Mr P.D. Sell for help with Hieracium, infraspecifics and other cryptic taxa; as well as all of the other BSBI referees who assist as and when required and who provide such a valuable service. 2

4 The Checklist Taxon Common name Status Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Velvetleaf Introduced casual Acanthus mollis L. Bear s-breeches Acer miyabei Maxim. var. miyabei var. shibatai (Nakai) Hara. Miyabei Maple (hairy fruit) Miyabei Maple (glabrous fruit) Acer campestre L. var. campestre var. leiocarpum (Opiz) Wallr. var. oxytomum Borbas Field Maple & introduced? & introduced Acer negundo L. f. negundo Ashleaf Maple Acer platanoides L. f. drummondii Hegi f. platanoides f. schwedleri K. Koch Acer pseudoplatanus L. var. pseudoplatanus f. pseudoplatanus f. erythrospermum (Carrière) Pax f. purpureum (Loudon) Rehder Acer saccharinum L. f. laciniatum (Carrière) Rehder f. saccharinum Norway Maple Sycamore Purple Sycamore Cut-leaved Silver Maple Silver Maple Acer saccharum Marshall Sugar Maple Achillea millefolium L. var. millefolium Yarrow Achillea ptarmica L. f. ptarmica Sneezewort Aconitum napellus L. sens. lat. Monkshood Acorus calamus L. Sweet-flag Adonis annua L. Pheasant s-eye Adoxa moschatellina L. Moschatel, extinct Aegopodium podagraria L. Ground-elder Aesculus carnea J. Zeyh. Red Horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum L. Horse-chestnut Aethusa cynapium L. ssp. agrestis (Wallr.) Dostál ssp. cynapium Dwarf Fool s Parsley Fool s Parsley Agrimonia eupatoria L. Agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr. Fragrant Agrimony Agrostemma githago L. Corncockle and latterly an introduced casual Agrostis canina L. Velvet Bent Agrostis capillaris L. Common Bent Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reut. Highland Bent Agrostis gigantea Roth Black Bent Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. var. stolonifera Creeping Bent Aira caryophyllea L. ssp. multiculmis (Dumort.) Bonnier & Layens Silver Hair-grass? Aira praecox L. Early Hair-grass Ajuga reptans L. Bugle Alcea rosea L. Hollyhock Alchemilla filicaulis Buser ssp. vestita (Buser) M.E. Bradshaw Hairy Lady s-mantle, extinct Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. Soft Lady s-mantle Alisma lanceolatum With. Narrow-leaved Water-plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Water-plantain Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Garlic Mustard Allium oleraceum L. Field Garlic? Allium roseum L. Rosy Garlic Allium ursinum L. Ramsons Allium vineale L. Wild Onion Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby Italian Alder, rarely naturalised Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Alder and Introduced Alnus incana (L.) Moench Grey Alder 3

5 Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder Alnus x hybrida A. Braun ex Rchb. Hybrid Alder Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Orange Foxtail Alopecurus geniculatus L. Marsh Foxtail Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Black-grass Alopecurus pratensis L. Meadow Foxtail Alopecurus x haussknechtianus Asch. & Graebn. A. geniculatus x aequalis Althaea officinalis L. Marsh-mallow Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Small Alison Introduced casual Amaranthus blitum S. Watson Guernsey Pigweed Introduced casual Amaranthus bouchonii Thell. Indehiscent Amaranth Introduced casual Amaranthus caudatus L. Love-lies-bleeding Introduced casual Amaranthus cruentus L. Purple Amaranth Introduced casual Amaranthus hybridus L. Green Amaranth Introduced casual Amaranthus retroflexus L. Common Amaranth Introduced casual Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Ragweed Introduced casual Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Green-winged Orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. f. albiflora Fors.-Major f. pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid Anagallis arvensis L. ssp. arvensis f. arvensis f. azurea Hyl. ssp. foemina (Mill.) Schinz & Thell. Scarlet Pimpernel Blue Pimpernel Anagallis tenella (L.) L. Bog Pimpernel Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. Bugloss Andromeda polifolia L. Bog-rosemary, extinct Anemone nemorosa L. var. nemorosa Wood Anemone Anemone ranunculoides L. Yellow Anemone Angellica sylvestris L. var. sylvestris Wild Angelica Anisantha diandra (Roth) Tutin ex Tzvelev Great Brome Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski Compact Brome Introduced casual Anisantha sterilis (L.) Nevski Barren Brome Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. Mountain Everlasting, extinct Anthemis arvensis L. var. arvensis Corn Chamomile Anthemis cotula L. var. cotula Stinking Chamomile Anthemis tinctoria L. ssp. tinctoria Yellow Chamomile Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sweet Vernal-grass Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb. Bur Chervil Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. Garden Chervil Introduced casual Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Cow Parsley Anthyllis vulneraria L. ssp. polyphylla (DC.) Nyman ssp. vulneraria Kidney Vetch Antirrhinum majus L. Snapdragon Introduced casual Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. Loose Silky-bent Aphanes arvensis L. Parsley-piert Aphanes australis Rydb. Slender Parsley-piert Apium graveolens L. var. graveolens Wild Celery Apium inundatum (L.) Rchb. f. Lesser Marshwort, extinct Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. Fool s-water-cress Aquilegia vulgaris L. Columbine Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Thale Cress Arabis caucasica Willd. ex Schltdl. Garden Arabis Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Hairy Rock-cress Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch Monkey Puzzle Arctium lappa L. Great Burdock Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus ssp. pubens (Bab.) P. Fourn. Lesser Burdock Hairy Burdock Arctium nemorosum Lej. (perhaps recorded in error) Northern Burdock Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. Slender Sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia L. ssp. serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Sandwort 4

6 Aristolochia clematitis L. Birthwort Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Horse-radish Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. & C. Presl False oat-grass Artemisia absinthium L. Wormwood Artemisia vulgaris L. var. coarctata Forselles Mugwort Arum italicum Mill. ssp. italicum Italian Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum L. Lords-and-ladies Asparagus officinalis L. Garden Asparagus Asperugo procumbens L. Madwort Introduced casual Asperula arvensis L. Blue Woodruff Introduced casual Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. Black Spleenwort Asplenium ceterach L. Wall-rue Asplenium ruta-muraria L. Maidenhair Spleenwort Asplenium scolopendrium L. Hart s-tongue Asplenium trichomanes L. ssp. quadrivalens D.E. Mey. Maidenhair Spleenwort Aster novi-belgii L. Confused Michaelmas-daisy Astragalus danicus Retz. Purple Milk-vetch, extinct Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Wild Liquorice Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Lady-fern Atriplex hortensis L. Garden Orache Introduced casual Atriplex littoralis L. Grass-leaved Orache (halophyte) Atriplex patula L. Common Orache Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. Spear-leaved Orache Atropa belladonna L. var. belladonna Deadly Nightshade Aubretia deltoidea (L.) DC. Aubretia Introduced casual Avena fatua L. var. fatua var. glabrata Peterm. var. pilosa Syme Wild-oat Avena sterilis L. ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne Winter Wild-oat Introduced casual Avena strigosa Schreb. Bristle Oat Introduced casual Avenula pratensis (L.) Dumort. Meadow Oat-grass Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. Downy Oat-grass Azolla filiculoides Lam. Water-fern Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl. Lesser Water-plantain Ballota nigra L. ssp. meridionalis (Bég.) Bég. var. mollissima Druce Black Horehound Barbarea intermedia Boreau Medium-flowered Winter-cress Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. American Winter-cress Introduced casual Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton Winter-cress Bellis perennis L. f. perennis Daisy Berberis vulgaris L. Barberry Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville Lesser Water-parsnip Betonica officinalis L. var. officinalis Betony Beta vulgaris L. ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang. ssp. vulgaris Sea Beet Root Beet (halophyte) Introduced casual Betula pendula Roth Silver Birch Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. pubescens Downy Birch Betula x aurata Borkh. Hybrid Birch Bidens cernua L. Nodding Bur-marigold Bidens tripartita L. var. tripartita Trifid Bur-marigold Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. Yellow-wort Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth Hard-fern, extinct? Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Sea Club-rush Borago officinalis L. Borage Introduced casual Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Moonwort, extinct Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. Stiff Brome Introduced casual Brachypodium pinnatum agg. Tor-grass aggregate Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. Heath False-brome Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. Wood False-brome 5

7 Brassica elongata Ehrh. Long-stalked Rape Introduced casual Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chinese Mustard Introduced casual Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. ssp. rapifera Metzg. Oil-seed Rape Swede Introduced casual Introduced casual Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Black Mustard Brassica oleracea L. Cabbage Introduced casual Brassica rapa L. (subspecies not recorded) Turnip or casual Briza media L. Quaking-grass Bromopsis erecta (Huds.) Fourr. Upright Brome Bromopsis ramosa (Huds.) Holub Hairy-brome Bromus commutatus Schrad. Meadow Brome Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus ssp. longipedicellatus Spalton Soft-brome Bromus japonicus Thunb. Thunberg s Brome Introduced casual Bromus lepidus Holmb. Slender Soft-brome Bromus racemosus L. Smooth Brome Bromus secalinus L. var. hirtus (F. Schultz) Aschers & Graebn. Rye Brome Introduced casual Introduced casual Bromus x pseudothominei P.M. Sm. Lesser Soft-brome Brunna macrophylla (Adams) I.M. Johnst. Great Forget-me-not Bryonia dioica Jacq. White Bryony Buddleja davidii Franch. Butterfly-bush Buddleja globosa Hope Orange-ball-tree Bunias orientalis L. Warty-cabbage Introduced casual Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Thorow-wax, extinct Bupleurum subovatum Link ex Spreng. False Thorow-wax Introduced casual Bupleurum tenuissimum L. Slender hare's-ear casual? Butomus umbellatus L. Flowering-rush Buxus sempervirens L. f. sempervirens Box Calamagrostis canescens (F.H. Wigg.) Roth Purple Small-reed Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth Wood Small-reed Calendula officinalis L. Pot Marigold Introduced casual Callitriche brutia Petagna ssp. hamulata (Kütz. ex W.D.J. Koch) O. Intermediate Water-starwort Bolòs & Vigo Callitriche obtusangula Le Gall Blunt-fruited Water-starwort Callitriche platycarpa Kütz. Various-leaved Water-starwort Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Common Water-starwort Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull Heather Caltha palustris L. var. palustris Marsh-marigold Calystegia pulchra Brummitt & Heywood Hairy Bindweed Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. roseata Brummitt ssp. sepium f. sepium Hedge Bindweed Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. ssp. disjuncta Brummitt Large Bindweed Calystegia x lucana (Ten.) G. Don C. sepium x silvatica - Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Gold-of-pleasure Introduced casual Campanula glomerata L. Clustered Bellflower Campanula latifolia L. Giant Bellflower Campanula rapunculoides L. Creeping Bellflower Campanula rotundifolia L. ssp. rotundifolia Harebell Campanula trachelium L. Nettle-leaved Bellflower Cannabis sativa L. Hemp Introduced casual Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Shepherd s-purse Cardamine amara L. Large Bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa With. Wavy Bitter-cress Cardamine hirsuta L. Hairy Bitter-cress Cardamine pratensis L. Flore Pleno Cuckooflower Carduus crispus L. ssp. multiflorus (Gaudin) Gremli. var. multiflorus Welted Thistle Carduus nutans L. Musk Thistle 6

8 Dipsacus laciniatus at Paxton pits Stachys byzantina at Paxton Pits Cerastium tomentosum at Paxton Pits 7

9 Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis Slender Thistle Carduus thoermeri Weinm. - Introduced casual Carduus x stangii H. Buek ex Nyman C. crispus x nutans Carex acuta L. Slender Tufted-sedge Carex acutiformis Ehrh. Lesser Pond-sedge Carex arenaria L. Sand Sedge casual Carex binervis Sm. Green-ribbed Sedge Carex caryophyllea Latourr. Spring Sedge Carex diandra Schrank Lesser Tussock-sedge Carex distans L. Distant Sedge Carex divulsa Stokes ssp. divulsa ssp. leersii (F.W. Schultz) W, Koch Grey Sedge Carex echinata Murray Star Sedge Carex elata All. Tufted-sedge Carex flacca Schreb. Glaucous Sedge Carex hirta L. Hairy Sedge Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. Slender Sedge Carex leporina L. Oval Sedge Carex nigra (L.) Reichard Common Sedge Carex otrubae Podp. False Fox-sedge Carex pallescens L. Pale Sedge Carex panicea L. Carnation Sedge Carex paniculata L. Greater Tussock-sedge Carex pendula Huds. Pendulous Sedge Carex pilulifera L. Pill Sedge Carex pseudocyperus L. Cyperus Sedge Carex pulicaris L. Flea Sedge Carex remota L. Remote Sedge Carex riparia Curtis Greater Pond-sedge Carex spicata Huds. Spiked Sedge Carex sylvatica Huds. Wood Sedge Carex viridula ssp. brachyrrhyncha (Čelak.) B. Schmid ssp. oedocarpa (Andersson) B. Schmid ssp. viridula Long-stalked Yellow-sedge Common Yellow-sedge Small-fruited Yellow-sedge Carex x evoluta Hartm. C. lasiocarpa x riparia Carex x pseudoaxillaris K. Richt. C. otrubae x remota Carlina vulgaris L. Carline Thistle Carpinus betulus L. wild type Fastigiata Hornbeam and introduced Carum carvi L. Caraway Introduced casual Castanea sativa Mill. Sweet Chestnut Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. var. aquatica Whorl-grass Catalpa bignonioides Walter Indian Bean Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. ssp. rigidum Fern-grass Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière f. glauca Beissn. Atlas Cedar Blue Atlas Cedar Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don Deodar Cedrus libani A. Rich. Cedar-of-Lebanon Centaurea calcitrapa L. Red Star-thistle Introduced casual Centaurea cyanus L. Cornflower and casual Centaurea debeauxii Gren. & Godr. ssp. nemoralis (Jord.) Dostál var. nemoralis ssp. thuillieri Dostál var. thuillieri Chalk Knapweed? Centaurea cf. nigra L. Common Knapweed Centaurea scabiosa L. var. scabiosa Greater Kapweed Centaurea solstitialis L. Yellow Star-thistle Introduced casual Centaurium erythraea Rafn var. erythraea Common Centaury Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce Lesser Centaury 8

10 Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. Red Valerian Cerastium arvense L. Field Mouse-ear Cerastium diffusum Pers. Sea Mouse-ear (halophyte) Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet Common Mouse-ear Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Sticky Mouse-ear Cerastium semidecandrum L. Little Mouse-ear Cerastium tomentosum L. Snow-in-summer Ceratocapnos calviculata (L.) Lidén Climbing Corydalis Ceratophyllum demersum L. var. apiculatum (Cham.) Asch. Rigid Hornwort Ceratophyllum submersum L. Soft Hornwort Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange Small Toadflax Chaerophyllum temulum L. var. temulum Rough Chervil Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray bis) Parl. Lawson s Cypress Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub Rosebay Willowherb Chara aculeolata Kütz. Hedgehog Stonewort Chara aspera Deth. ex Willd. Rough Stonewort Chara canescens Desv. & Lois. Bearded Stonewort Chara contraria A. Braun ex Kütz. Opposite Stonewort Chara curta Nolte ex Kütz. Lesser Bearded Stonewort Chara globularis Thuill. Fragile Stonewort Chara hispida L. Bristly Stonewort Chara virgata Kütz. var. barbata (U.Ganterer) J.C. van Raam Delicate Stonewort var. virgata Chara vulgaris var. longibracteata (Kütz.) J. Groves & Bull.-Webst. var. papillata Wallr. ex A. Braun var. vulgaris Common Stonewort Chelidonium majus L. Greater Celandine Chenopodium album L. Fat-hen Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Good-King-Henry Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi Strawberry-blite Introduced casual Chenopodium ficifolium Sm. Fig-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodium hybridum L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D. Koch & Ziz Grey Goosefoot Introduced casual Chenopodium polyspermum L. Many-seeded Goosefoot Chenopodium probstii Aellen Probst s Goosefoot Introduced casual Chenopodium rubrum L. Red Goosefoot Chenopodium vulvaria L. Stinking Goosefoot Cicerbita macrophylla (Willd.) Wallr. ssp. uralensis (Rouy) P.D. Sell Blue-sowthistle Cichorium intybus L. ssp. intybus Chichory Cicaea lutetiana L. Enchanter s-nightshade Cirsium acaule Scop. Dwarf Thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. arvense var. horridum Wimm. & Grab. var. integrifolium Wimm. & grab. var. vestitum Wimm. & Grab. Creeping Thistle Cirsium dissectum (L.) Hill Meadow Thistle Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. Woolly Thistle Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. var. palustre Marsh Thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. var. vulgare Spear Thistle Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl Great Fen-sedge Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. Springbeauty Claytonia sibirica L. Pink Purslane Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Himalayan Clematis Clematis vitalba L. Travellor s-joy Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze Basil Thyme Clinopodium ascendens (Jord.) Samp. Common Calamint, extinct? Clinopodium calamintha (L.) Stace Lesser Calamint, extinct Clinopodium vulgare L. Wild Basil 9

11 Cochlearia danica L. Danish Scurvygrass (halophyte) Colchium autumnale L. Meadow Saffron Colutea arborescens L. Bladder-senna Introduced casual Comarum palustre L. Marsh Cinquefoil Conium maculatum L. Hemlock Conopodium majus (Gouan) Loret Pignut Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur Larkspur Convallaria majalis L. Lily-of-the-valley Convolvulus arvensis L. f. arvensis f. decarrhabdotus P.D. Sell f. decemvulnerus P.D. Sell f. notatus P.D. Sell f. pentarrhabdotus P.D. Sell f. perroseus P.D. Sell Field Bindweed Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. canadensis Canadian Fleabane Conyza floribunda Kunth var. floribunda Many-flowered Fleabane var. linearifolia P.D. Sell Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker Guernsey Fleabane Introduced casual Coriandrum sativum L. Coriander Introduced casual Cornus australis C.A. Mey. Southern Dogwood Cornus koenigii C.K. Schneid. Asian Dogwood Cornus sanguinea L. Dogwood Cornus alba L. White Dogwood Cornus sericea L. Red-osier Dogwood Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn. Pampas-grass Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. Bird-in-a-bush Corylus avellana L. Hazel Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl. Tree Cotoneaster Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. Wall Cotoneaster Cotoneaster simonsii Baker Himalayan cotoneaster Cotoneaster x suecicus G. Klotz Swedish Cotoneaster Cotoneaster x watereri Excell Waterer s Cotoneaster Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne New Zealand Pigmyweed Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. Midland Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Jacq. var. lasiocarpa (Lange) K.I.Chr. ssp. nordica Franco Hawthorn Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. (and/or hybrids) Large-sepalled Hawthorn Crataegus x media Bechst. Hybrid Hawthorn Crepis biennis L. Rough Hawk s-beard Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. var. capillaris Smooth Hawk s-beard Crepis nicaeensis Balb. French Hawk s-beard Introduced casual Crepis setosa Haller f. Bristly Hawk s-beard Introduced casual Crepis vesicaria L. ssp. taraxicifolia (Thuill.) Thell. ex Schinz & R. Keller Beaked Hawk s-beard var. taraxicifolia Cruciata laevipes Opiz Crosswort Cryptomeria japonia (L. f.) D. Don Elegans Japanese Red-cedar Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. Dodder Cuscuta europaea L. Greater Dodder Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. ssp. muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax Cynoglossum germanicum Jacq. Green Hound s-tongue, extinct Cynoglossum officinale L. Hound s-tongue Cynosurus cristatus L. Crested Dog s-tail Cynosurus echinatus L. Rough Dog s-tail Introduced casual Cyperus longus L. Galingale Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link ssp. scoparius Broom Dactylis glomerata L. Cock s-foot Dactyloctenium radulans (R. Br.) P. Beauv. Button-grass Introduced casual Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó ssp. fuchsii var. fuchsii Common Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó ssp. incarnata var. incarnata var. leucantha R.M. Bateman & Denholm 10 Early Marsh-orchid

12 Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó Southern Marsh-orchid Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides (Puglsey) R.M. Bateman & Denholm Narrow-leaved Marsh-orchid Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Frog Orchid, extinct Dactylorhiza x grandis (Druce) P.F. Hunt D. fuchsii x praetermissa Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC. Heath-grass Daphne laureola L. Spurge-laurel Datura stramonium L. var. chalybaea W.D.J. Koch Thorn-apple Purple-flowered Thorn-apple Daucus carota L. ssp. carota var. carota Wild Carrot Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Wavy Hair-grass Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. cespitosa ssp. parviflora (Thuill.) Dumort. Tufted Hair-grass Lesser Tufted Hair-grass Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl Flixweed Dianthus barbatus L. Sweet-William Introduced casual Dianthus carthusianorum L. Carthusian Pink Dianthus deltoides L. Maiden Pink, extinct Digitalis purpurea L. Foxglove? and introduced Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. Annual Wall-rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. Perennial Wall-rocket Dipsacus fullonum L. Wild Teasel Dipsacus laciniatus L. Cut-leaved teasel Dipsacus pilosus L. Small Teasel Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honck. Fuller s Teasel Introduced casual Doronicum pardalianches L. Leopard s-bane Dracunculus vulgaris Schott Dragon Arum Drosera anglica Huds. Great Sundew, extinct Drosera intermedia Hayne Oblong-leaved Sundew, extinct Drosera rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew, extinct Dryopteris affinis agg. Male-fern agg. Dryopteris borreri (Newman) Newman ex Oberh. & Tavel Borrer s Male-fern Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs Narrow Buckler-fern Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray Crested Buckler-fern, extinct Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray Broad Buckler-fern Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Male-fern Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Cockspur Echium vulgare L. Viper s-bugloss Elaeagnus x ebbingei Doorenbos f. ebbingei Hybrid Oleaster Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Needle Spike-rush Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Common Spike-rush Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartmann) O. Schwarz Few-flowered Spike-rush Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. Slender Spike-rush Elodea canadensis Michx. Canadian Waterweed Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John Nuttall s Waterweed Elymus caninus (L.) L. var. caninus Bearded Couch Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski f. aristata (Schum.) Beetle Common Couch f. repens Epilobium ciliatum Raf. American Willowherb Epilobium hirsutum L. var. hirsutum f. hirsutum Great Willowherb Epilobium montanum L. Broad-leaved Willowherb Epilobium obscurum Schreb. Short-fruited Willowherb Epilobium palustre L. Marsh Willowherb Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. Hoary Willowherb Epilobium tetragonum L. ssp. lamyi (F.W. Schultz) Nyman ssp. tetragonum Square-stalked Willowherb Epilobium x aggregatum Čelak E. montanum x obscurum Epilobium x dacicum Borbás E. parviflorum x obscurum Epilobium x erroneum Hausskn. E. hirsutum x montanum Epilobium x interjectum Smejkal E. montanum x ciliatum Epilobium x vicinum Smejkal E. obscurum x ciliatum 11

13 Euphorbia hyberna at Little Paxton Sium latifolium at Woodwalton Fen Neottia ovata at Woodwalton Marsh Lonicera periclymenum var. hirsuta at Archer s Wood 12

14 Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz var. helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz Marsh Helleborine, extinct Epipactis purpurata Sm. Violet Helleborine Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetail Equisetum fluviatile L. Water Horsetail Equisetum palustre L. Marsh Horsetail Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Great Horsetail Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. Winter Aconite Erica tetralix L. Cross-leaved Heath Erigeron acris L. Blue Fleabane Erinus alpinus L. Fairy Foxglove Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. Common Cottongrass, extinct Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe Broad-leaved Cottongrass, extinct Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. Mediterranean Stork s-bill Introduced casual Erodium cicutarium (L.) L Hér. ssp. cicutarium Common Stork s-bill Erodium crinitum Carolin Eastern Stork s-bill Introduced casual Erodium moschatum (L.) L Hér. Musk Stork s-bill casual Erophila glabrescens Jord. Glabrous Whitlowgrass Erophila majuscula Jord. Hairy Whitlowgrass Erophila verna (L.) DC. Common Whitlowgrass Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz Hairy Rocket Introduced casual Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Treacle-mustard Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz Wallflower Eschscholzia californica Cham. Californian Poppy Euonymus europaeus L. f. europaeus f. intermedius (Gaudin) Borza Spindle Eupatorium cannabinum L. Hemp-agrimony Euphorbia amygdaloides L. ssp. amygdaloides ssp. robbiae (Turrill) Radcl.-Sm. Wood Spurge Turkish Wood Spurge Euphorbia characias L. ssp. characias Mediterranean Spurge Euphorbia cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge Euphorbia exigua L. var. exigua Dwarf Spurge Euphorbia helioscopia L. Sun spurge Euphorbia hyberna L. Irish Spurge Euphorbia lathyris L. Caper Spurge Euphorbia peplus L. Petty Spurge Euphorbia platyphyllos L. Broad-leaved Spurge Euphorbia stricta L. Upright Spurge Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr. var. nemorosa Common Eyebright Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Buckwheat Introduced casual Fagus sylvatica L. f. latifolia Kirchn. f. pupurea (Aiton) C.K.Schneid. f. sylvatica Large-leaved Beech Copper Beech Beech Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub Russian-vine Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve Black Bindweed Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. var. japonica Japanese Knotweed Festuca brevipila T. Tracey Hard Fescue Festuca filiformis Pourr. Fine-leaved Sheep s-fescue Festuca ovina L. ssp. hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) M.J. Wilk. Sheep s-fescue Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin ssp. rubra Chewing s Fescue Red Fescue Ficaria verna Huds. ssp. fertilis (Lawalrée ex Laegaard) Stace ssp. ficariiformis (F.W. Schultz) B. Walln. ssp. verna Lesser Celandine Filago lutescens Jord. Red-tipped Cudweed casual Filago minima (Sm.) Pers. Small Cudweed Filago vulgaris Lam. Common Cudweed Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. Meadowsweet 13

15 Filipendula vulgaris Moench Dropwort Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ssp. sativum (C. Presl) Bertol. Fennel Fragaria ananassa (Duchesne) Duchesne Garden Strawberry Fragaria vesca L. Wild Strawberry Frangula alnus Mill. Alder Buckthorn Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl ssp. oxycarpa (M. Bieb. Ex Willd.) Franco & Narrow-leaved Ash Rocha Afonso f. purpurascens P.D. Sell Fraxinus excelsior L. f. angustifolia (Schella) P.D. Sell f. aurea (Pers.) Schelle f. diversifolia (Aiton) Lingelsh. f. excelsior f. multifoliolata P.D. Sell Ash?? and introduced Fraxinus ornus L. Manna Ash Fritillaria meleagris L. f. albiflora Zahar. f. meleagris Fritillary?? Fritillaria imperialis L. Crown-imperial Fumaria officinalis L. ssp. officinalis var. officinalis ssp. wirtgenii (W.D.J. Koch) Arcang. var. minor Hausskn. Common Fumitory Galanthus cf. elewesii Hook. f. Greater Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis L. f. nivalis f. pleniflorus P.D. Sell Snowdrop Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. Green Snowdrop Galega officinalis L. Goat s-rue Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Red Hemp-nettle Galeopsis bifida Boenn. Bifid Hemp-nettle Galeopsis speciosa Mill. Large-flowered Hemp-nettle Galeopsis tetrahit L. Common Hemp-nettle Galeopsis x ludwigii Hausskn. G. tetrahit x bifida Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Gallant-soldier Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. Shaggy-soldier Galium aparine L. ssp. agreste P.D. Sell var. agreste ssp. aparine Cushion Cleavers Cleavers Galium album Mill. Hedge Bedstraw Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. Woodruff Galium palustre L. ssp. elongatum (C. Presl) Arcang. ssp. palustre ssp. tetraploideum A.R. Clapham Great Marsh-bedstraw Common Marsh-bedstraw Intermediate Marsh-bedstraw Presence needs review Galium parisiense L. Wall Bedstraw Galium saxatile L. Heath Bedstraw, extinct Galium tricornutum Dandy Corn Cleavers Galium uliginosum L. Fen Bedstraw Galium verum L. var. verum Lady s Bedstraw Galium x pomeranicum Retz. Hybrid Lady s Bedstraw Gastridium ventricosum (Goudan) Schinz & Thell. Nit-grass Genista tinctoria L. ssp. tinctoria Dyer s Greenweed Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner ssp. amarella Autumn Gentian Geranium columbinum L. Long-stalked Crane s-bill Geranium dissectum L. Cut-leaved Crane s-bill Geranium endressii J. Gay French Crane s-bill Geranium lucidum L. Shining Crane s-bill Geranium macrorrhizum L. Rock Crane s-bill Geranium molle L. var. molle Dove s-foot Crane s-bill Geranium pratense L. Meadow Crane s-bill Geranium pusillum L. Small-flowered Crane s-bill Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. albiflorum Schur f. pyrenaicum Hedgerow crane s-bill Geranium robertianum L. ssp. robertianum Album Herb-Robert 14

16 Geranium rotundifolium L. Round-leaved Crane s-bill Geranium sanguineum L. var. sanguineum Bloody Crane s-bill Geranium versicolor L. Pencilled Crane s-bill Geranium x oxonianum Yeo Druce s Crane s-bill Geum urbanum L. Wood Avens Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. Corn Marigold Glechoma hederacea L. var. grandiflora H. Mart. var. hederacea Ground-ivy Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. Floating Sweet-grass Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb. Reed Sweet-grass Glyceria notata Chevall. Plicate Sweet-grass Glyceria x pedicillata F. Towns Hybrid Sweet-grass Gnaphalium sylvaticum L. Heath Cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Marsh Cudweed Groenlandia densa (L.) Fourr. Opposite-leaved Pondweed Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. Chalk Fragrant-orchid, extinct Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman Oak-fern Hedera colchica (K. Koch) K. Koch Persian Ivy Hedera helix L. f. helix f. pedata (Hibberd) Tobler Common Ivy Cv Pedata Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchin.) Bean f. irica P.D. Sell Atlantic Ivy Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Mill. Common Rock-rose, extinct Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke Helleborus foetidus L. Stinking Hellebore Helleborus viridis L. ssp. occidentalis (Reut.) Schiffn. Green Hellebore Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub var. echioides var. incisa P.D. Sell var. pratensis (Chevall.) DC. Bristly Oxtongue Heracleum mantegazzianum agg. Giant Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium L. ssp. sphondylium f. sphondylium Hogweed Hesperis matronalis L. Dame s-violet Hieracium acuminatum Jord. Tall Hawkweed Hieracium diaphanum Fr. Dark-leaved Hawkweed Hieracium sabaudum L. f. sabaudum Autumn Hawkweed Hieracium spilophaeum Jord. ex Boreau Spotted Hawkweed? Hieracium umbellatum L. ssp. umbellatum var. commune Fr. Umbellate Hawkweed Hieracium vagum Jord. Glabrous-headed Hawkweed Hippophae rhamnoides L. Sea-buckthorn Hippuris vulgaris L. Mare s-tail Holcus lanatus L. Yorkshire-fog Holcus mollis L. Creeping Soft-grass Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz Wood Barley Hordeum jubatum L. Foxtail Barley Introduced casual Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev ssp. murinum Wall Barley Introduced casual Hordeum secalinum Schreb. Meadow Barley Hordeum vulgare L. Six-rowed Barley Introduced casual Hottonia palustris L. Water-violet Humulus lupulus L. Aureum Hop Golden Hop Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm. Spanish Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm. Bluebell Hyacinthoides x massartiana Geerinck Hybrid Bluebell Hyacinthus orientalis L. Hyacinth Introduced casual Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Frogbit Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Marsh Pennywort Hyoscyamus niger L. Henbane Hypericum androsaemum L. Tutsan Hypericum calycinum L. Rose-of-Sharon 15

17 Hypericum hirsutum L. Hairy St John s-wort Hypericum humifusum L. Trailing St John s-wort Hypericum perforatum L. Perforate St John s-wort Hypericum pulchrum L. Slender St John s-wort Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. Square-stalked St John s-wort Hypericum xylosteifolium (Spach) N. Robson Turkish Tutsan Hypericum x inodorum Mill. Tall Tutsan Hypochaeris radicata L. ssp. radicata Cat s-ear Ilex aquifolium L. Holly Impatiens capensis Meerb. Orange Balsam Impatiens glandulifera Royle Indian Balsam Impatiens parviflora DC. Small Balsam Inula conyzae (Griess.) Meikle Ploughman s-spikenard Inula helenium L. Elecampane Iris foetidissima L. var. citrina Bromf. var. foetidissima Stinking Iris? Iris germanica L. Bearded Iris Iris pseudacorus L. var. pseudacorus Yellow Iris Isolepis fluitans (L.) R. Br. Floating Club-rush Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. Bristle Club-rush Juglans regia L. Walnut Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Sharp-flowered Rush Juncus articulatus L. Jointed Rush Juncus bufonius L. Toad Rush Juncus bulbosus L. Bulbous Rush Juncus compressus Jacq. Round-fruited Rush Juncus conglomeratus L. var. conglomeratus var. subuliflorus (Drejer) Asch. & Graebn. Compact Rush Juncus effusus L. var. effusus Soft-rush Juncus inflexus L. Hard Rush Juncus subnodulosus Schrank Blunt-flowered Rush Juncus tenuis Willd. Slender Rush Juncus x diffusus Hoppe J. inflexus x effusus Kerria japonica (L.) DC. Flore Pleno Kerria Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. Sharp-leaved Fluellen Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. Round-leaved Fluellen Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. Field Scabious Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. Crested Hair-grass Laburnum anagyroides Medik. Laburnum Lactuca saligna L. Least Lettuce, extinct Lactuca serriola L. f. integrifolia (Gray) S.D. Prince & R.N. Carter Prickly Lettuce Lactuca virosa L. f. lactucarii (Lamotte) P.D. Sell Great Lettuce f. virosa Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss ex V.A. Wager Curly Waterweed Lagurus ovatus L. Hare s-tail Introduced casual Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek ssp. argentatum (Smejkal) Stace ssp. montanum (Pers.) Ehrend. & Polatschek var. montanum Variegated Yellow Archangel Yellow Archangel Lamium album L. White Dead-nettle Lamium amplexicaule L. Henbit Dead-nettle Lamium hybridum Vill. Cut-leaved Dead-nettle Lamium maculatum (L.) L. Spotted Dead-nettle Lamium purpureum L. var. incisum (Willd.) Pers. Red Dead-nettle var. purpureum Lapsana communis L. ssp. communis Nipplewort Larix decidua Mill. European Larch Larix x marschlinsii Coaz Hybrid Larch Lathraea clandestina L. Purple Toothwort Lathyrus aphaca L. Yellow Vetchling Introduced casual 16

18 Datura stramonium var. chalybaea at Paxton pits Lemna spp., Spirodela polyrhiza and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae at Woodwalton Fen Galanthus nivalis f. nivalis at Holme Fen 17

19 Lathyrus latifolius L. var. latifolius Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea Lathyrus nissola L. Grass Vetchling Lathyrus palustris L. var. palustris Marsh Pea Lathyrus pratensis L. var. pratensis Meadow Vetchling Lathyrus sylvestris L. Narrow-leaved Everlasting-pea Legousia hybrida (L.) Delarbre Venus s-looking-glass Lemna gibba L. Fat Duckweed Lemna minor L. Common Duckweed Lemna minuta Kunth Least Duckweed Lemna trisulca L. Ivy-leaved Duckweed Leontodon hispidus L. var. hispidus Rough Hawkbit Leontodon saxatilis Lam. Lesser Hawkbit Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton Field Pepperwort Lepidium coronopus (L.) Al-Shehbaz Swine-cress Lepidium didymum L. Lesser Swine-cress Lepidium draba L. ssp. chalapense (L.) Thell. ssp. draba Hoary Cress Lepidium heterophyllum Benth. Smith s Pepperwort Lepidium latifolium L. Dittander Lepidium ruderale L. Narrow-leaved Pepperwort Lepidium sativum L. Garden Cress Introduced casual Lepidium virginicum L. Least Pepperwort Introduced casual Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. ssp. vulgare var. vulgare Oxeye Daisy Leucanthemum x superbum (Bergmans ex J.W. Ingram) D.H. Kent Shasta Daisy Leucojum aestivum L. Summer Snowflake Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. f. aureum (Carrière) Rehder f. ovalifolium Garden Privet Ligustrum vulgare L. var. vulgare f. vulgare Wild Privet Lilium martagon L. Martagon Lily Limosella aquatica L. Mudwort, extinct Linaria purpurea (L.) Mill. Purple Toadflax Linaria repens (L.) Mill. Pale Toadflax Linaria vulgaris Mill. Common Toadflax Linaria x sepium G.J. Allman L. repens x vulgaris casual Linum catharticum L. var. catharticum Fairy Flax Linum perenne L. ssp. anglicum (Mill.) Ockendon Perennial Flax and introduced Linum usitatissimum L. var. crepitans Flax Introduced casual Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. Fen Orchid, extinct Lithospermum arvense L. Field Gromwell Lithospermum officinale L. Common Gromwell Lobelia erinus L. Garden Lobelia Introduced casual Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Sweet Alison Introduced casual Lolium multiflorum Lam. Italian Rye-grass Lolium perenne L. Perennial Rye-grass Lolium x boucheanum Kunth Hybrid Rye-grass Lolium temulentum L. Darnel Lonicera nitida E.H. Wilson Wilson s Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum L. var. hirsuta (Rouy) P.D. Sell Honeysuckle Lonicera pileata Oliv. Box-leaved Honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica L. Tartarian Honeysuckle Lotus corniculatus L. var. corniculatus Common Bird s-foot-trefoil var. sativus Hyl. Lotus pedunculatus Cav. var. pedunculatus Greater Bird s-foot-trefoil Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. Narrow-leaved Bird s-foottrefoil Lunaria annua L. Honesty Luzula campestris (L.) DC. Field Wood-rush Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. congesta (Thuill.) Arcang ssp. multiflora Congested Heath Wood-rush Heath Wood-rush 18

20 Luzula pallescens Sw. Fen Wood-rush Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd. Hairy Wood-rush Lycium barbarum agg. Duke of Argyll s Teaplant agg. Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub Marsh Clubmoss, extinct Lycopus europaeus L. Gypsywort Lysimachia nemorum L. Yellow Pimpernel Lysimachia nummularia L. Creeping-Jenny Lysimachia punctata L. Dotted Loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris L. Yellow Loosestrife Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Grass-poly Lythrum junceum Banks & Sol. False Grass-poly Introduced casual Lythrum portula (L.) D.A. Webb ssp. portula Water-purslane Lythrum salicaria L. Purple-loosestrife Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Oregon-grape Malus pumila Mill. Apple Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. sens. str. pubescent sepals Crab Apple? Malus x purpurea (E. Barbier) Rehder Purple Crab Malva moschata L. f. laciniatus (Desr.) Hayek f. heterophylla (Vis.) Hayek f. moschata Musk-mallow Malva neglecta Wallr. Dwarf Mallow Malva pusilla Sm. Small Mallow Introduced casual Malva sylvestris L. var. sylvestris Common Mallow Malva x clementii (Cheek) Stace Garden Tree-mallow Marrubium vulgare L. White Horehound and introduced Matricaria chamomilla L. Scented Mayweed Matricaria discoidea DC. ssp. discoidea Pineappleweed Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig. Welsh Poppy Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. Spotted Medick Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. Tattered Medick Introduced casual Medicago lupulina L. var. cupaniana (Guss.) Boiss. var. lupulina var. major G. Mey. Black Medick Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. Bur Medick Introduced casual Medicago polymorpha L. Toothed Medick Introduced casual Medicago praecox DC. Early Medick Introduced casual Medicago sativa L. ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang. ssp. sativa Lucerne Melampyrum cristatum L. Crested Cow-wheat Melampyrum pratense L. ssp. pratense Common Cow-wheat, extinct Melica uniflora Retz. Wood Melick Melilotus albus Medik. White Melilot Melilotus altissimus Thuill. Tall Melilot? Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Small Melilot Introduced casual Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. Ribbed Melilot Melissa officinalis L. Balm Mentha aquatica L. Water Mint Mentha arvensis L. Corn Mint Mentha pulegium L. Pennyroyal Mentha spicata L. Spear Mint Mentha x gracilis Sole Bushy Mint Mentha x piperita L. Peppermint Mentha x smithiana R.A. Graham Tall Mint Mentha x verticillata L. Whorled Mint Menyanthes trifoliata L. Bog-bean Extinct native? & introduced Mercurialis annua L. Annual Mercury Mercurialis perennis L. Dog s Mercury 19

21 Milium effusum L. Wood Millet Moehringia trinerva (L.) Clairv. Three-veined Sandwort Moenchia erecta (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey & Schreb. Upright Chickweed, extinct Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench ssp. arundinacea (Schrank) K. Richt. ssp. caerulea Purple Moor-grass Needs confirmation Monsonia brevirostrata R. Knuth Short-fruited Dysentery-herb Introduced casual Montia fontana L. ssp. chondrosperma (Fenzl) Walters Blinks Morus nigra L. Black Mulberry Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker Garden Grape-hyacinth Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. Grape-hyacinth Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. Wall Lettuce Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill ssp. arvensis var. arvensis ssp. umbrata (Mert.) & W.D.J. Koch Field Forget-me-not Myosotis discolor Pers. ssp. dubia (Arrond.) Blaise Changing Forget-me-not Myosotis laxa Lehm. Tufted Forget-me-not Myosotis ramosissima Rochel Early Forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides L. Water Forget-me-not Myosotis secunda Al. Murray Creeping Forget-me-not Record dubious Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. var. culta Wood Forget-me-not Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench Water Chickweed Myosurus minimus L. Mousetail Myrica gale L. Bog-myrtle Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. Alternate Water-milfoil Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Parrot s-feather Myriophyllum spicatum L. Spiked Water-milfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Whorled Water-milfoil Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. Sweet Cicely Narcissus agg. Daffodil agg. Narcissus poeticus L. ssp. poeticus Pheasant s-eye Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. var. humilis Pugsley Daffodil Narcissus x cyclazetta Chater & Stace Tête à Tête Head-to-head Daffodil Narthecium ossifragum (L.) Huds. Bog Asphodel, extinct Nasturtium microphyllum (Boenn.) Rchb. Narrow-fruited Water-cress Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton Water-cress Nasturtium x sterile (Airy Shaw) Oefelein Hybrid Water-cress Neotinea ustulata (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Burnt Orchid, extinct Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich. Bird s-nest Orchid Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. Common Twayblade Nepeta cataria L. Cat-mint Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Apple-of-Peru Introduced casual Nigella damascena L. Love-in-the-mist Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Yellow Water-lily Nymphaea alba L. ssp. alba White Water-lily Nymphaea marliaceae Lat.-Marl. Coloured Water-lily Nymphoides peltata Kuntze Fringed Water-lily Odontites vernus (Bellardi) Dumort. ssp. serotinus (Syme) Corb. Red Bartsia Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir. Fine-leaved Water-dropwort Oenanthe crocata L. Hemlock Water-dropwort Oenanthe fistulosa L. Tubular Water-dropwort Oenanthe fluviatilis (Bab.) Coleman River Water-dropwort Oenanthe lachenalii C.C. Gmel. Parsley Water-dropwort Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb. Narrow-leaved Waterdropwort Oenothera biennis L. Common Evening-primrose Oenothera glazioviana P. Micheli Large-flowered Eveningprimrose Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Sainfoin Ononis repens L. ssp. repens Common Restharrow Ononis spinosa L. Spiny Restharrow 20

22 Onopordum acanthium L. Cotton Thistle and casual Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Adder s-tongue Ophrys apifera Huds. var. apifera Bee Orchid Ophrys insectifera L. Fly Orchid, extinct Orchis mascula (L.) L. Early Purple-orchid Oreopteris limbosperma (All.) Holub Lemon-scented Fern, extinct Origanum vulgare L. Wild Marjoram? and introduced Ornithogalum nutans L. Drooping Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum pyrenaicum L. Spiked Star-of Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum L. ssp. campestre Rouy Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithopus perpusillus L. Bird s-foot Introduced casual Orobanche elatior Sutton Knapweed Broomrape Orobanche minor Sm. ssp. minor Common Broomrape Osmunda regalis L. Royal-fern Oxalis acetosella L. Wood Sorrel Oxalis articulata Savigny Pink-sorrel Oxalis corniculata L. var. atropurpurea Planch. Procumbent Yellow-sorrel Oxalis exilis A. Cunn. Least Yellow-sorrel Oxalis stricta L. Upright Yellow-sorrel Introduced casual Panicum miliaceum L. Common Millet Papaver argemone L. Prickly Poppy Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Coss. Atlas Poppy Papaver dubium L. Long-headed Poppy Papaver hybridum L. Rough Poppy Papaver lecoqii Lamotte Yellow-juiced Poppy Papaver rhoeas L. Common Poppy Papaver somniferum L. ssp. somniferum wild type Flore Pleno Opium Poppy Parapholis strigosa (Dumort.) C.E. Hubb. Hard-grass (halophyte) Parietaria judaica L. Pellitory-of-the-wall Paris quadrifolia L. Herb-Paris Parnassia palustris L. Grass-of-Parnassus, extinct Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia-creeper Introduced casual Pastinca sativa L. ssp. sylvestris (Mill.) Rouy & E.G. Camus Wild Parsnip Pedicularis palustris L. Marsh Lousewort Pedicularis sylvatica L. ssp. sylvatica Lousewort Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch ex L.H. Bailey Green Alkanet Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre Amphibious Bistort Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. Bistort?, extinct Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre var. hydropiper Water-pepper Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre Pale Persicaria Persicaria maculosa Gray Redshank Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz Small Water-pepper Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Assenov Tasteless Water-pepper Petasites fragrans (Vill.) C. Presl Winter Heliotrope Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Butterbur Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss Garden Parsley Introduced casual Petroselinum segetum (L.) W.D.J. Koch Corn Parsley Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. Phacelia Introduced casual Phalaris aquatica L. Bulbous Canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea var. picta L. Reed Canary-grass Gardener s-garters Phalaris canariensis L. Canary-grass Phalaris minor Retz. Lesser Canary-grass Introduced casual Phalaris paradoxa L. Awned Canary-grass Philadelphus coronarius L. Mock-orange Philadelphus x virginalis agg. Hairy Mock-orange Phleum bertolonii DC. Smaller Cat s-tail 21

23 Butomus umbellatus and Crassula helmsii at Cow Lane Pits Orchis mascula at Aversley Wood Helleborus foetidus at Paxton Pits Verbena bonariensis at Paxton Pits 22

24 Phleum pratense L. Timothy Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. ssp. abies var. abies Norway Spruce Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière Sitka Spruce Picris hieracioides L. Hawkweed Oxtongue Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. ssp. carpathicola (Nägeli & Peter) Soják Fox-and-cubs Pilosella officinarum F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. ssp. micradenia (Nageli & Peter) P.D. Sell & C. West ssp. officinarum 23 Mouse-ear-hawkweed Pilularia globulifera L. Pillwort, extinct Pimpinella major (L.) Huds. Greater Burnet-saxifrage Pimpinella saxifraga L. Burnet Saxifrage Pinguicula vulgaris L. Common Butterwort, extinct Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon ssp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critchf. Lodgepole Pine Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold ssp. nigra Austrian Pine Pinus sylvestris L. Scot s Pine Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Branched Plantain Introduced casual Plantago coronopus L. Buck s-horn Plantain (halophyte) Plantago lanceolata L. var. bakeri C.E. Salmon var. lanceolata var. latifolia Wimm. & Grab. Plantago major L. ssp. intermedia (Gilib.)Lange ssp. major Ribwort Plantain Hairy Greater Plantain Greater Plantain Plantago media L. var. media Hoary Plantain Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. Greater Butterfly-orchid Platanus x hispanica Mill. ex Münchh. London Plane Poa angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved Meadow-grass Poa annua L. f. annua Annual Meadow-grass Poa compressa L. Flattened Meadow-grass Poa humilis Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Spreading Meadow-grass Poa infirma Kunth Early Meadow-grass casual Poa nemoralis L. Wood Meadow-grass Poa palustris L. Swamp Meadow-grass Poa pratensis L. Smooth Meadow-grass Poa trivialis L. Rough Meadow-grass Polygala serpyllifolia Hosé Heath Milkwort Polygala vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris Common Milkwort Polygonum arenastrum Boreau Equal-leaved Knotgrass Polygonum aviculare L. Knotgrass Polygonum rurivagum Jord. ex Boreau Cornfield Knotgrass Polypodium interjectum Shivas Intermediate Polypody Polypodium vulgare L. Polypody Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Annual Beard-grass Introduced casual Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Water Bent Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Hard Shield-fern, extinct Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) T. Moore ex Woyn. Soft Shield-fern Populus alba L. White Poplar Populus nigra L. ssp. betulifolia (Pursh) Dippel Elegans Plantierensis Black Poplar Plantier s Poplar Populus tremula L. Aspen Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook. Western Balsam-poplar Populus x canadensis Moench Canadian Poplar Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm. Grey Poplar Populus x jackii Sarg. Aurora Balm-of-Gilead Portulaca oleracea L. Common Purslane Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber Small Pondweed Potamogeton coloratus Hornem. Fen Pondweed

25 Potamogeton crispus L. Curled Pondweed Potamogeton friesii Rupr. Flat-stalked Pondweed Potamogeton gramineus L. Various-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton lucens L. Shining Pondweed Potamogeton natans L. Broad-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus L. Fennel Pondweed Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Perfoliate Pondweed Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen Long-stalked Pondweed Potamogeton pusillus L. Lesser Pondweed Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl. Hairlike Pondweed Potamogeton x angustifolius J. Presl. Long-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton x cooperi (Fryer) Fryer Cooper s Pondweed Potamogeton x fluitans Roth P. natans x lucens Potamogeton x salicifolius Wolfg. Willow-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton x sparganiifolius Laest. ex Fr. Ribbon-leaved Pondweed Potentilla anglica Laichard. Trailing Tormentil Potentilla anserina L. Silverweed Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. ssp. erecta Tormentil Potentilla norvegica L. Ternate-leaved Cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Sulphur Cinquefoil Potentilla reptans L. Creeping Cinquefoil Potentilla sterilis (L.) Garcke Barren Strawberry Poterium sanguisorba L. ssp. balearicum (Bourg. ex Nyman) Stace ssp. sanguisorba Fodder Burnet Salad Burnet Primula elatior (L.) Hill Oxslip Primula veris L. Cowslip Primula vulgaris Huds. Primrose Primula x digenea A. Kern. P. vulgaris x elatior Primula x media Peterm. P. veris x elatior Primula x polyantha Mill. wild type cultivars False Oxlip Polyanthus Prunella vulgaris L. f. leucantha (Schur) Hegi f. vulgaris Selfheal Prunus avium (L.) L. wild type Plena Wild Cherry Double Gean? and introduced Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. var. cerasifera var. pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey (including Nigra ) Prunus domestica L. ssp. domestica ssp. insititia (L.) Bonnier & Layens Shepherd s Bullace Cherry Plum Purple Cherry Plum Plum Bullace and Damson Prunus laurocerasus L. f. laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Prunus lusitanica L. Portugal Laurel Prunus padus L. Bird Cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. Rum Cherry Prunus spinosa L. Blackthorn Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. Yellow Corydalis Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn ssp. aquilinum Bracken Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. ssp. distans Reflexed Saltmarsh-grass (halophyte) Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. Common Fleabane Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. Small Fleabane, extinct Pulmonaria officinalis L. Lungwort Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. Pasqueflower, extinct Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. Firethorn Pyrus communis L. Pear Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. ssp. pyraster Wild Pear Quercus cerris L. Turkey oak Quercus ilex L. Holm Oak Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Sessile Oak 24

26 Quercus robur L. Pedunculate Oak Quercus x turneri Willd. Turner s Oak Ranunculus acris L. ssp. acris Meadow Buttercup Ranunculus aquatilis L. Common Water-crowfoot Ranunculus arvensis L. Corn Buttercup Ranunculus auricomus L. Goldilocks Buttercup Ranunculus baudotii Godr. Brackish Water-crowfoot Record doubtful Ranunculus bulbosus L. Bulbous Buttercup Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. Fan-leaved Water-crowfoot Ranunculus flammula L. ssp. flammula var. flammula Lesser Spearwort Ranunculus fluitans Lam. River Water-crowfoot Ranunculus hederaceus L. Ivy-leaved Crowfoot Ranunculus lingua L. Greater Spearwort Ranunculus parviflorus L. Small-flowered Buttercup Ranunculus peltatus Schrank Pond Water-crowfoot Ranunculus repens L. Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus sardous Crantz Hairy Buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus L. Celery-leaved Buttercup Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix Thread-leaved Water-crowfoot Raphanus raphanistrum L. ssp. raphanistrum Wild Radish var.ochroleucus (Stokes) Peterm. var. raphanistrum Raphanus sativus L. Garden Radish Introduced casual Rapistrum rugosum (L.) Bergeret ssp. linnaeanum (Coss.) Rouy & Bastard Cabbage Foucaud Reseda lutea L. Wild Mignonette Reseda luteola L. Weld Rhamnus cathartica L. var. cathartica var. schroeteri DC. Buckthorn Rheum x rhabarbarum L. Rhubarb Rhinanthus minor L. ssp. minor ssp. stenophyllus O. Schwarz Common Yellow-rattle Fen Yellow-rattle Rhododendron ponticum L. Rhododendron Rhus typhina L. Sumach Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl White Beak-sedge, extinct Ribes nigrum L. Black Currant Ribes rubrum L. Red Currant Ribes sanguineum Pursh Flowering Current Ribes spicatum E. Robson Downy Currant Ribes uva-crispa L. Gooseberry Robinia pseudoacacia L. False Acacia Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser Great Yellow-cress Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser Austrian Yellow-cress Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser Marsh Yellow-cress Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Creeping Yellow-cress Rorippa x anceps (Wahlenb.) Rchb. Hybrid Yellow-cress Rosa arvensis Huds. Field-rose Rosa canina L. group Dumales group Lutetianae group Pubescentes group Transitoriae Dog-rose Rosa micrantha Borrer ex Sm. Small-flowered Sweet-briar Rosa obtusifolia Desv. Round-leaved Dog-rose Rosa rubiginosa L. Sweet-briar and introduced Rosa rugosa Thunb. Japanese Rose Rosa sheradii Davies Sherard s Downy-rose Rosa spinosissima L. Burnet Rose Rosa stylosa Desv. Short-styled Rose Rosa tomentosa Sm. Harsh Downy-rose 25

27 Rosa x andegavensis Bastard R. stylosa x canina Rosa x dumalis Bechst. R. canina x caesia Rosa x dumetorum Thuill. R. canina x obtusifolia Rosa x irregularis Déségl. & Guillon R. arvensis x canina Rosa x nitidula Besser R. canina x rubiginosa Rosa x rouyana Duffort ex Rouy R. arvensis x obtusifolia Rosa x scabriuscula Sm. R. canina x tomentosa Rosa x toddiae Wolley-Dod R. canina x micrantha Rubus adamsii Sudre A bramble Rubus adspersus Weihe ex H. Weber A bramble Rubus armeniacus Focke Himalayan Giant Rubus arrheniiformis W.C.R. Watson A bramble Rubus bucknallii J.W. White A bramble Rubus caesius L. Dewberry Rubus cardiophyllus Lefèvre & P.J. Müll. A bramble Rubus conjugens (Bab.) Rogers A bramble Rubus dasyphyllus (W.M. Rogers) E.S. Marshall A bramble Rubus eboracensis W.C.R. Watson A bramble Rubus echinatoides (Rogers) Dallman A bramble Rubus echinatus Lindley A bramble Rubus fruticosus L. agg. Brambles Predominantly native Rubus hindii A.L. Bull A bramble Rubus idaeus L. Raspberry Rubus insectifolius Lef. & P.J. Müll. A bramble Rubus leightonii Lees ex Leighton A bramble Rubus lindleianus Lees A bramble Rubus macrophyllus Weihe & Nees A bramble Rubus nemoralis P.J. Müll. A bramble Rubus nemorosus Hayne & Willd. A bramble Rubus newbridgensis W.C. Barton & Riddelsd. A bramble Rubus percrispus D. Allen & R.D. Randall A bramble Rubus pistoris W.C. Barton & Riddelsd. A bramble Rubus polyanthemus Lindeb. A bramble Rubus pruinosus Arrh. A bramble Rubus radula Weihe ex Boenn. A bramble Rubus raduloides (Rogers) Sudre A bramble Rubus rhombifolius Weihe ex Boenn. A bramble Rubus rudis Weihe A bramble Rubus rufescens Lef. & P.J. Müll. A bramble Rubus tuberculatus Bab. A bramble Rubus ulmifolius Schott Elm-leaved Bramble Rubus vestitus Weihe A bramble Rubus vigorosus P.J. Müll. & Wirtgen A bramble Rubus watsonii Mills A bramble Rumex acetosa L. ssp. acetosa Common Sorrel Rumex acetosella L. ssp. acetosella Sheep s Sorrel Rumex conglomeratus Murray Clustered Dock Rumex crispus L. ssp. crispus Curled Dock Rumex hydrolapathum Huds. Water Dock Rumex maritimus L. Golden Dock Rumex obtusifolius L. Broad-leaved Dock Rumex palustris Sm. Marsh Dock Rumex pulcher L. Fiddle Dock Rumex sanguineus L. var. viridis Sibth. Wood Dock Rumex x pratensis Mert. & W.D.J. Koch R. crispus x obtusifolius Rumex x weberi Fisch.-Benz. R. hydrolapathum x obtusifolius Ruscus aculeatus L. Butcher s-broom Sagina apetala Ard. Annual Pearlwort 26

28 Caltha palustris at Eynesbury Iris foetidissima var. citrina at Godmanchester Silene dioica by the Ellington Brook 27

29 Sagina filicaulis Jord. Slender Pearlwort Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl Knotted Pearlwort, extinct Sagina procumbens L. Procumbent Pearlwort Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Arrowhead Salix alba L. var. alba var. caerulea (Sm.) Sm. var. vitellina (L.) Stokes f. vitellina White Willow Cricket-bat Willow Golden Willow Salix aurita L. Eared Willow Extinct and introduced Salix caprea L. ssp. caprea Goat Willow Salix cinerea L. ssp. cinerea ssp. oleifolia Macreight Grey Willow Salix daphnoides Vill. European Violet-willow Salix fragilis L. var. decipiens (Hoffm.) W.D.J. Koch var. furcata Ser. ex Gaudin. var. russelliana (Sm.) W.D.J. Koch Crack-willow Bedford Willow Salix pentandra L. Bay Willow Salix purpurea L. ssp. lambertiana (Sm.) Macreight ssp. purpurea Purple Willow Salix repens L. var. fusca Wimm. & Grab. Creeping Willow Salix triandra L. Almond Willow Salix vimnalis L. var. linearifolia Wimm. & Grab. var. vimnalis Osier Salix x calodendron Wimm. Holme Willow Salix x holosericea Willd. Silky-leaved Osier Salix x mollissima Hoffm. ex Elwert Sharp-stipuled Willow Salix x multinervis Döll S. cinerea x aurita Salix x pendulina Wender. Weeping Crack-willow Salix x reichardtii A. Kern. S. caprea x cinerea Salix x rubens Schrank nothovar. basfordiana (Scaling ex S.J.A. Salter) Meikle Hybrid Crack-willow Salix x rubra Huds. Green-leaved Willow Salix x sepulchralis Simonk. nothovar. chrysosoma (Dode) Meikle Weeping Willow Salix x smithiana Willd. Broad-leaved Osier Salsola kali L. ssp. tragus (L.) Čelak. Spineless Saltwort Introduced casual Salvia pratensis L. Meadow Clary Salvia verbenaca L. ssp. horminioides (Pourr.) Nyman Wild Clary Salvia verticillata L. Whorled Clary Introduced casual Sambucus ebulus L. Dwarf Elder Sambucus nigra L. f. aurea (Sweet) Schwer. f. laciniata (L.) Zabel f. nigra f. viridis (Weston) Schwer. Golden Elder Parsley-leaved Elder Elder? and introduced Sambucus racemosa L. Red-berried Elder Samolus valerandi L. Brookweed Sanguisorba officinalis L. Great Burnet Sanicula europaea L. Sanicle Saponaria officinalis L. wild type Soapwort Saxifraga granulata L. Meadow Saxifrage Saxifraga tridactylites L. Rue-leaved Saxifrage Scabiosa columbaria L. Small Scabious Scandix pecten-veneris L. Shepherd s-needle Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. Tall Fescue Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub Giant Fescue Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv. Meadow Fescue Schedonorus x fleischeri (Rohlena) Holub S. arundicaceus x giganteus Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla Common Club-rush Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla Grey Club-rush Schoenus nigricans L. Black Bog-rush, extinct Scleranthus annuus L. ssp. annuus Annual Knawel 28

30 Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench Autumn Hawkbit Scrophularia auriculata L. Water Figwort Scrophularia nodosa L. var. nodosa Common Figwort Scutellaria galericulata L. Skullcap Securigera varia (L.) Lassen Crown Vetch Sedum acre L. Biting Stonecrop Sedum album L. White Stonecrop Sedum dasyphyllum L. Thick-leaved Stonecrop Sedum forsterianum Sm. Rock Stonecrop Sedum rupestre L. Reflexed Stonecrop Sedum spectabile Boreau Butterfly Stonecrop Sedum spurium M. Bieb. Caucasian-stonecrop Sedum telephium L. Orpine Sempervivum tectorum L. Houseleek Senecio aquaticus Hill ssp. aquaticus var. aquaticus Marsh Ragwort Senecio erucifolius L. var. commune Rouy Hoary Ragwort Senecio sarracenicus L. Broad-leaved Ragwort Senecio jacobaea L. var. jacobaea Common Ragwort Senecio paludosus L. Fen Ragwort (re-introduced) Senecio squalidus L. ssp. rupestris (Waldst. & Kit.) P.D. Sell var. Oxford Ragwort pinnatifidus (Vis.) P.D. Sell Senecio sylvaticus L. var. sylvaticus Heath Groundsel Senecio viscosus L. Sticky Groundsel? Senecio vulgaris L ssp. vulgaris var. hibernicus Syme Groundsel var. vulgaris Senecio x albescens Burb. & Colgan S. cineraria x jacobaea Senecio x subnebrodensis Simonk. S. squalidus x viscosus Introduced casual Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz Wellingtonia Serratula tinctoria L. var. tinctoria Saw-wort Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Yellow Bristle-grass Introduced casual Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Rough Bristle-grass Introduced casual Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Green Bristle-grass Introduced casual Sherardia arvensis L. Field Madder Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell. Pepper-saxifrage Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. Rose Campion Silene dichotoma Ehrh. Forked Catchfly Introduced casual Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. Red Campion and introduced Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Clairv. Ragged-robin Silene gallica L. Small-flowered Catchfly Introduced casual Silene latifolia Poir. ssp. alba (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet White Campion Silene noctiflora L. Night-flowering Campion Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ssp. vulgaris Bladder Campion Silene x hampeana Meusel & K. Werner Hybrid Campion Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Milk Thistle Sinapis alba L. ssp. alba White Mustard Sinapis arvensis L. var. arvensis var. orientalis (L.) W. D. J. Koch & Ziz. Charlock Sison amomum L. Stone Parsley Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tall Rocket Introduced casual Sisymbrium irio L. London-rocket Introduced casual Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. var. leiocarpum DC. var. officinale Hedge Mustard Sisymbrium orientale L. Eastern Rocket Sium latifolium L. Greater Water-parsnip Smyrnium olusatrum L. Alexander s Solanum dulcamara L. var. dulcamara Bittersweet Solanum lycopersicum L. Tomato Introduced casual Solanum nigrum L. ssp. nigrum var. nigrum Black Nightshade Solanum rostratum Dunal Buffalo-bur Introduced casual 29

31 Solanum tuberosum L. Potato Introduced casual Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy Mind-your-own-business Solidago canadensis L. Canadian Goldenrod Solidago gigantea Aiton ssp. serotina (O. Kuntze) McNeill Early Goldenrod Solidago virgaurea L. Goldenrod, extinct Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. arvensis Perennial Sowthistle Sonchus asper (L.) Hill ssp. asper var. asper ssp. glaucesens (Jord.) Ball Prickly Sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus L. var. oleraceus Smooth Sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus x asper Hybrid Sowthistle Sonchus palustris L. Marsh Sowthistle Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz Common Whitebeam Sorbus aucuparia L. Rowan Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers. Swedish Whitebeam Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Wild Service-tree Sparganium emersum Rehmann Unbranched Bur-reed Sparganium erectum L. ssp. erectum ssp. neglectum (Beeby) K. Richt. Branched Bur-reed Sparganium natans L. Least Bur-reed, extinct Spergula arvensis L. Corn Spurrey Spergularia marina (L.) Besser Lesser Sea-spurrey (halophyte) Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl Sand Spurrey Extinct native and introduced casual Spiraea salicifolia agg. Bridewort Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. Autumn Lady s-tresses Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid Greater Duckweed Stachys annua (L.) L. Annual Woundwort Introduced casual Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Field Woundwort Stachys byzantina Lamb s-ear Stachys palustris L. Marsh Woundwort Stachys sylvatica L. var. sylvatica Hedge Woundwort Stellaria alsine Grimm Bog Stitchwort Stellaria graminea L. Lesser Stitchwort Stellaria holostea L. Greater Stitchwort Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Common Chickweed Stellaria neglecta Weihe var. decipiens E.S. Marshall var. elizabethae (F.W. Schulz) Bég. var. neglecta Greater Chickweed Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crép. Lesser Chickweed Stellaria palustris Ehrh. ex Hoffm. glaucous form Marsh Stitchwort green form Stratiotes aloides L. Water-soldier Extinct native and introduced naturalised Succisa pratensis Moench var. pratensis Devil s-bit Scabious Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake Snowberry Symphoricarpos x chenaultii Rehder Chenault s Coralberry Symphytum grandiflorum DC. Creeping Comfrey Symphytum officinale L. ssp. bohemicum (F.W. Schmidt) Čelak ssp. officinale var. ochroleucum DC. 30 Fen Comfrey Common Comfrey Common Comfrey Symphytum orientale L. White Comfrey Symphytum x hidcotense P.D. Sell Hidcote Blue Hidcote Comfrey Symphytum x uplandicum Nyman Russian Comfrey Syringa vulgaris L. Lilac Tagetes minuta L. Southern Marigold Introduced casual Tamus communis L. Black Bryony Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. f. hortense (Schur) Beck f. parthenium Aureum Bachelor s Buttons Feverfew Golden Feverfew Tanacetum vulgare L. Tansy

32 Taraxacum agg. Dandelions and introduced Taraxacum acroglossum Dahlst. Broad-bracted Dandelion Taraxacum akteum Hagend., Soest & Zevenb. Hampshire Dandelion Taraxacum ancistrolobum Dahlst. Few-lobed Dandelion Taraxacum atactum Sahlin & Soest. Narrow-bracted Dandelion? Taraxacum anglicum Dahlst. English Dandelion, extinct? Taraxacum boekmanii Borgv. Bökman s Dandelion Taraxacum brachyglossum (Dahlst.) Raunk. Purple-bracted Dandelion Taraxacum bracteatum Dahlst. Dark-green Dandelion Taraxacum cophocentrum Dahlst. Round-lobed Dandelion Taraxacum cordatum Palmgr. Entire-lobed Dandelion Taraxacum dilaceratum M.P. Christ. Lacerate-leaved Dandelion Taraxacum duplidentifrons Dahlst. Double-toothed Dandelion Taraxacum ekmanii Dahlst. Ekman s Dandelion Taraxacum expallidiforme Dahlst. Broad-stalked Dandelion Taraxacum fulvum Raunk. Cinnamon-fruited Dandelion Taraxacum glauciniforme Dahlst. Many-toothed Dandelion Taraxacum haematicum G.E. Haglund ex H. Øllg. Wiezell. Blood-red Dandelion Taraxacum hamatulum Hagend., Soest & Zevenb. Slender Hook-lobed Dandelion Taraxacum hamatum Raunk. Hook-lobed Dandelion Taraxacum intumescens G.E. Haglund Red-tipped Dandelion Taraxacum laciniosifrons Wiinst. Hairy-stemmed Dandelion Taraxacum lingulatum Markl. Long-bracted Dandelion Taraxacum lacistophyllum (Dahlst.) Raunk. Cut-leaved Dandelion Taraxacum lucidum Dahlst. Long-bracted Dandelion Taraxacum oblongatum Dahlst. Oblong-leaved Dandelion Taraxacum ostenfeldii Raunk. Ostenfeld s Dandelion? Taraxacum oxoniense Dahlst. Oxford Dandelion Taraxacum pannulatum Dahlst. Brown-ribbed Dandelion Taraxacum pseudohamatum Dahlst. False Hook-lobed Dandelion Taraxacum pseudoretroflexum M.P. Christ. Spur-lobed Dandelion Taraxacum richardsianum C.C. Haw. Richard s Dandelion Taraxacum sellandii Dahlst. Selland s Dandelion Taraxacum subhamatum M.P. Christ. Large Hook-lobed Dandelion Taraxacum subundulatum Dahlst. Complex-leaved Dandelion Taraxacum valens Markl. Reflex-bracted Dandelion Taraxacum vatisectum Markl. ex Paol. Crowded-lobed Dandelion Taxus baccata L. f. baccata f. fasciculata (Lindl.) Pilger Yew Irish Yew Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) W.T. Aiton Shepherd s-cress Introduced casual Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. Yellow Oxeye Tephroseris palustris (L.) Fourr. ssp. congesta (R. Br.) Holub Marsh Fleawort, extinct Teucrium scorodonia L. Wood Sage Thalictrum flavum L. Common Meadow-rue Thelypteris palustris Schott Marsh-fern, extinct Thlaspi arvense L. Field Penny-cress Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Red-cedar Thymus polytrichus A. Kern. ex Borbás ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Wild Thyme Kerguélen Thymus pulegioides L. Large Thyme, extinct Thyselium palustre (L.) Raf. Milk-parsley, extinct Tilia cordata Mill. Small-leaved Lime Tilia platyphyllos Scop. ssp. cordifolia (Besser) C.K. Schneid. Large-leaved Lime Tilia x europaea L. Lime Tolypella glomerata (Desv.) Leonh. Clustered Stonewort Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Spreading Hedge-parsley Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Upright Hedge-parsley Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Knotted Hedge-parsley Tragopogon porrifolius L. ssp. porrifolius Salsify 31

33 Plantago major ssp. intermedia from Cow Lane Pits Hottonia palustris at St Neots Common Ononis spinosa by Bullock Road 32