Selected Common Grasses of Humboldt County
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1 Selected Common Grasses of Humboldt County A Guide for Identification of Grasses with Their Associated Forage Values
2 This booklet has been provided by the Humboldt County Resource Conservation District, with support from the Humboldt County Headwaters Fund. Partners in development of this booklet include USDA NRCS, and University of California Cooperative Extension. This booklet is designed to help agricultural producers with identification of common grasses in pastures or rangeland settings. It is not intended to be inclusive of all grass species found in Humboldt County. Grasses can be very difficult and challenging to identify, but don t despair! If you need assistance identifying grasses you encounter on your farm or ranch, you can contact: UCCE Humboldt Humboldt County Resource Conservation District NRCS Eureka Field Office May 2015 Created by F. Tjarnstrom, HCRCD and J. Stackhouse, UCCE Graphic design by Carson Park Design Printed on recycled paper Tjarnstrom, F. and J. Stackhouse Selected Common Grasses of Humboldt County: A Guide for Identification of Grasses with Their Associated Forage Values. Eureka, California.
3 General Grass Plant Structure INFLORESCENCE STEM LEAF FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM 1
4 Aegilops cylindrica jointed goatgrass Annual, tufted (clumped); grows to 20 inches tall Little to no value at all stages. Agrostis stolonifera creeping bentgrass Perennial, rhizomatous, forms sod; grows to 5 feet tall to to to Poor Donald Cameron
5 Aira caryophyllea silver hairgrass Annual, tufted (clumped); grows to 10 inches tall Little to no value at all stages. Trevor James Alopecurus geniculatus marsh or water foxtail Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 3.5 feet tall Poor Max Licher 3
6 Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernalgrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 24 inches tall Little to no value at all stages Zoya Akulova Malcolm Storey Arrhenatherum elatius tall oatgrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 6.5 feet tall Poor Craig Smith 2008 Sean B. Smith
7 Avena barbata slender oat Annual, tufted (clumped); grows to 4 feet tall Poor Avena fatua wild oat 2010 Zoya Akulova Carol W. Witham Annual, tufted (clumped); grows to 4.5 feet tall to Poor Max Licher 5
8 Briza maxima quaking grass or rattlesnake grass Annual, tufted (clumped); grows to 32 inches tall Little to no value at all stages. Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary s College Bromus carinatus California brome Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 4 feet tall Poor Jean Pawek
9 Bromus catharticus rescue grass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 6.5 feet tall Poor 2010 Steven Thorsted 2010 Zoya Akulova Bromus diandrus ripgut brome Annual, tufted (clumped) or solitary; grows to 36 inches tall Poor Sheldon Navie Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary s College 7
10 Bromus hordeaceus (aka B. mollis) soft brome Annual, tufted (clumped) or solitary; grows to 32 inches tall to 2007 Luigi Rignanese Luigi Rignanese Bromus inermis smooth brome Perennial, rhizomatous, forms sod; grows to 4 feet tall to Poor 8 S. Reynolds, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
11 Bromus tectorum cheatgrass Annual, tufted (clumped) or solitary; grows to 3 feet tall to to Poor Cassondra Skinner. Hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Calamagrostis canadensis bluejoint Perennial, tufted (clumped) with creeping rhizomes; grows to 4.5 feet tall to to to Poor Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service (retired) 9
12 Calamagrostis rubescens pine reedgrass or pinegrass Perennial, tufted (clumped) rhizomatous; grows to 44 inches tall Poor Dave Powell Steve Matson Cynodon dactylon bermudagrass Perennial, rhizomatous and stoloniferous, forms mats; grows to 20 inches tall to Poor Barry Breckling 2014 Zoya Akulova
13 Cynosurus cristatus crested dogstail grass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 32 inches tall Little to no value at all stages Zoya Akulova Cynosurus echinatus bristly dogstail grass Annual, tufted (clumped); grows to 28 inches tall Little to no value at all stages Jean Pawek 2013 Barry Breckling 11
14 Dactylis glomerata orchardgrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 4 feet tall to 2011 Barry Breckling 2011 Eric Wrubel/NPS Danthonia californica California oatgrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 3.5 feet tall Steve Watson
15 Deschampsia cespitosa tufted hairgrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 4 feet tall 2011 Margo Bors 2003 Steve Matson Deschampsia elongata slender hairgrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 3.5 feet tall to to 2008 Keir Morse 13
16 Elymus elymoides squirreltail Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 24 inches tall Poor Elymus glaucus blue wildrye 1995 Saint Mary s College 2008 Keir Morse Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 5 feet tall Poor Steve Watson
17 Festuca arundinacea tall fescue Perennial, tufted (clumped) sometimes rhizomatous; grows to 5 feet tall Festuca californica California fescue 2008 Keir Morse 2008 Steve Matson Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 5 feet tall Poor 2010 Robert Steers/NPS 2008 Keir Morse 15
18 Festuca idahoensis Idaho fescue Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 3.5 feet tall 2005 Steve Matson Festuca occidentalis western fescue Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 32 inches tall Steve Watson
![elata] fowl mannagrass Perennial, tufted](/docs-images/85/91886377/images/19-3.jpg "(clumped); grows to 5 feet tall 2006")
19 Festuca perennis Italian ryegrass Annual sometimes perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 40 inches tall to 2011 Zoya Akulova 2013 Zoya Akulova Glyceria striata [aka: G. elata] fowl mannagrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 5 feet tall 2006 Louis M. Landry 2008 Keir Morse 17
20 Holcus lanatus velvet grass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 3.5 feet tall Poor 2008 Steve Matson 2002 Steve Matson Hordeum brachyantherum meadow barley Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 40 inches tall Poor Steve Matson 2010 Keir Morse
21 Hordeum jubatum foxtail barley Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 30 inches tall Little to no value at all stages. Mary Winter 2009 Barry Rice Koeleria macrantha prairie Junegrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 24 inches tall to 2008 Keir Morse 19
22 Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 40 inches tall Keir Morse Melica bulbosa oniongrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 3.5 feet tall Steve Matson
23 Nassella pulchra purple needlegrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 3.5 feet tall awns can cause injuries 2006 Steve Matson 2006 Brent Miller Phalaris aquatica Harding grass Perennial, tufted (clumped) with short rhizomes; grows to 6.5 feet tall 2004 George W. Hartwell 2001 CDFA 21
24 Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Perennial, rhizomatous; grows to 7 feet tall to to 2009 Barry Rice Phleum pratense timothy Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 4 feet tall to to Russ Kleinman 2002 Steve Matson
25 Poa bulbosa bulbous bluegrass Perennial, forms sod; grows to 24 inches tall Poor 2006 Greta Murdoff 2008 Keir Morse Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Perennial, rhizomatous, forms sod; grows to 3.5 feet tall 2013 Jean Pawek 2008 Keir Morse 23
26 Poa secunda Sandberg bluegrass Perennial, tufted (clumped); grows to 18 inches tall Sheri Hagwood, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database 2008 Keir Morse Polypogon monspeliensis rabbitsfoot grass Annual, tufted (clumped); grows to 32 inches tall Little to no value at all stages Saint Mary s College
27 Rytidosperma penicillatum hairy oatgrass Perennial, tufted (clumped) with creeping rhizomes; grows to 36 inches tall to to 2011 Steve Matson Taeniatherum caput-medusae medusahead Annual, tufted (clumped) or solitary; grows to 24 inches tall Little to no value at all stages CDFA 2010 Zoya Akulova 25
28 GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH GRASSES awn a slender hair or bristle that arises from the back of bract structures axis the central stem of an inflorescence culm the hollow stem of a grass plant fibrous consisting of or containing mostly fibers; commonly used to describe branching root systems floret a subunit of a spikelet, includes bract structures that enclose flower glumes bracts at the base of a spikelet in grasses; most grasses have two glumes, some have one glume, a few have none inflorescence the flowering portion of a grass plant RAChilla the unbranched central axis of a spikelet rhizomes underground, horizontal stems with scale-like leaves rhizomatous consisting of rhizomes spikelet the unit of the grass inflorescence, consisting of glumes and one or more florets STOLON a horizontal, above-ground modified stem with leaves tufted in bunches or clumps 26
29 NOTES 27
30 NOTES 28
31 Humboldt County Resource Conservation District The HCRCD is a non-regulatory organization that works in voluntary cooperation with landowners, residents, and community groups. We provide information, technical assistance and funding to implement practices that improve and protect water quality and natural habitat on private lands.
32
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