Shot Hole Borers - Fusarium Dieback Host Range, Biology and Control Strategies in Native Vegetation
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1 Shot Hole Borers - Fusarium Dieback Host Range, Biology and Control Strategies in Native Vegetation Akif Eskalen 1, R. Stouthamer 2, S. Lynch 1,3, P. Rugman-Jones 2, T. Thibault 4, F. Na 1 1 Plant Pathology and Microbiology, UC Riverside 2 Entomology, UC Riverside 3 Department of Environmental Studies, UC Santa Cruz 4 Huntington Botanical Garden
2 Polyphagous and Kuroshio Shot Hole Borers and their symbiotic fungi Female Mycangia Figure: Matthew Kasson Male
3 Polyphagous and Kuroshio Shot Hole Borers and their symbiotic fungi Los Angeles Co Orange Co San Bernardino Co Riverside Co Ventura Co. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer PSHB Euwallaceasp. Fusarium euwallaceae Graphium euwallaceae Paracremonium pembeum (Freeman et al.2013) (Lynch et al (Lynch et al. 2015) Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer KSHB San Diego Co Orange Co Euwallaceasp. Fusarium sp. (New species) Graphium sp. (New species)
4 Beetle attack, introduction of fungi and tree response
5 Branch Dieback and Tree Wilt Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) Boxelder (Acer negundo)
6 Koch s Postulates Pathogenicity test Persea americana Acer negundo 16 A Lesion Length (cm) B B 2 0 Fusarium euwallaceae Graphium euwallaceae Paracremonium Acremonium sp. pembeum Control Mean lesion lengths on avocado and box elder shoots inoculated with isolates of Fusarium euwallaceae, Graphium euwallaceae and Paracremonium pembeum. Vertical lines represent standard error of the mean according to Fisher protected Least significant difference (LSD) mean separation test at α = 0.05.
7 Growth rate of symbiotic fungi in different temperature Fungal diameter (cm) Fusarium euwallaceae Paracremonium pembeum Graphium euwallaceae Temperature C
8 Historical spread of SHB/FD in California PSHB KSHB
9 Host Range of Shot Hole Borers and Fusarium Dieback in CA Tree Species Attacked by Beetle Tree Species Infected by Fungus Agricultural Crops California Native Tree Species Number of Tree Families Number of Reproductive Hosts Ref: Eskalen, A., Stouthamer, R., Lynch, S.C., Rugman-Jones, P., Twizeyimana, M., Gonzalez, A., Thibault, T Host Range of Fusarium Dieback and its Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) Vector in Southern California. Plant Disease.In 97:7, Box elder (Acer negundo)* 2. Big leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum)* 3. Evergreen Maple (Acer paxii) 4. Trident maple (Acer buergerianum) 5. Japanese maple (Acer palmatum) 6. Castorbean (Ricinus communis) 7. California Sycamore (Platanus racemosa)* 8. Mexican sycamore (Platanus mexicana) 9. Red Willow (Salix laevigata)* 10. Avocado (Persea americana) 11. Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) 12. English Oak (Quercus robur) 13. Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia)* 14. London plane (Platanus x acerifolia) 15. Cottonwood (Populus fremontii)* 16. Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa)* 17. White Alder (Alnus rhombifolia)* 18. Titoki (Alectryon excelsus) 19. Engelmann Oak (Quercus engelmannii)* 20. Cork Oak (Quercus suber) 21. Valley oak (Quercus lobata)* 22. Coral tree (Erythrina corallodendon) 23. Blue palo verde (Cercidium floridum)* 24. Palo verde (Parkinsonia aculeata) 25. Moreton Bay Chestnut (Castanospermum australe) 26. Brea (Cercidium sonorae) 27. Mesquite (Prosopis articulata)* 28. Weeping willow (Salix babylonica) 29. Chinese holly (Ilex cornuta) 30. Camelia (Camellia semiserrata) 31. Acacia (Acacia spp.) 32. Liquidambar (Liquidambar styraciflua) 33. Red Flowering Gum (Eucalyptus ficifolia) 34. Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) 35. Goodding's black willow (Salix gooddingii)* 36. Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) 37. Kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus) 38. Black mission fig (Ficus carica) 39. Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) 40. Dense logwood (Xylosma congestum) 41. Mule Fat (Baccharis salicifolia)* *Native species to California
10 Symptoms of SHB/FD on different hosts Coast live oak Liquidambar California Sycamore Excelsa Coast live oak Avocado English Oak Castor bean
11 Size of the plant attacked by the beetle Avocado Sycamore
12 KSHB in Tijuana River Valley in San Diego Mortality on Willow Species (Salix spp.)
13 Distribution of Arroyo Willow * Mortality on Willow Species (Salix spp.)
14 KSHB in San Luis Rey Watershed in Bonsall
15 San Joaquin Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary Orange County Red Willow Red Willow Cottonwood
16 San Ana River Riparian Areas in Riverside County
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17 California Avocado Commission U.S. Forest Service, OC Parks, UC Irvine, UC ANR, USDA Farm Bill, Arborjet, Mauget, USDA Forest Service, Cal-Fire, Huntington botanical garden and LA arboretum Ben Faber, Farm Advisor, Ventura County, CA\ Richard Demerjian, UC Irvine Sonia Rios, UCCE Farm Advisor, San Diego Sabrina Drill, UCCE LA and Ventura Dan Berry, Huntington Botanical Garden, Gary Bender, UCCE, Emeritus, San Diego Co. Janis Gonzales, UCCE San Diego Jim Folsom, Huntington Botanical Garden Jiri Hulcr, Univ. of Florida Kerry O Donnell, NCUR-ARS-USDA Mary Lu Arpaia, UC Riverside Kim Corella, Cal Fire Tom Smith, Cal Fire Joe Barcinas, PCA Tom Roberts, PCA Mathew Hand, PCA Linda Bellamy, Venture Susan Frankel, USDA Forest Service Tom Atkinson, University of Texas Sean Feirer, UCANR Jim Downer, UCCE Ventura Collaborators
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