Longan and lychee fruit from the People s Republic of China and Thailand

Transcription

1 and lychee fruit from the People s Republic of and Draft Import Risk Analysis Report Part B August 2003

2 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Foreword Commonwealth of Australia 2003 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests for further authorisation should be directed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Intellectual Property Branch, Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts, GPO Box 2154, Canberra ACT 2601 or by to

3 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and CONTENTS CONTENTS...3 APPENDIX 1 PEST CATEGORISATION FOR LONGAN AND LYCHEE FROM CHINA AND THAILAND...5 REFERENCES APPENDIX APPENDIX 2 POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES...79 REFERENCES APPENDIX APPENDIX 3 PEST CATEGORISATION FOR FRESH LONGAN AND LYCHEE FRUIT FROM THAILAND...95 APPENDIX 3A: PEST CATEGORISATION FOR FRESH LONGAN FRUIT FROM THAILAND (OCCURRENCE IN AUSTRALIA)...95 APPENDIX 3B: PEST CATEGORISATION FOR FRESH LONGAN FRUIT FROM THAILAND (PATHWAY ASSOCIATION) APPENDIX 3C: PEST CATEGORISATION FOR FRESH LYCHEE FRUIT FROM THAILAND (OCCURRENCE IN AUSTRALIA) APPENDIX 3D: PEST CATEGORISATION FOR FRESH LYCHEE FRUIT FROM THAILAND (PATHWAY ASSOCIATION) REFERENCES APPENDIX APPENDIX 4 PEST DATA SHEETS ARTHROPODS Scarab beetles Fruit flies Mealybugs Soft scales Stink bugs Fruit borers Litchi fruit borer Leaf rollers PATHOGENS Cylindrocladiella disease Page 3

4 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Litchi brown blight Fruit blotch Phytophthora fruit and rot witches broom disease Page 4

5 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1 PEST CATEGORISATION FOR LONGAN AND LYCHEE FROM CHINA AND THAILAND NB. Pests in bold are additional to the pests listed in Appendices 1-5 in the Technical Issues Paper Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further INVERTEBRATA ACARI (mites) Abacarus euphoriae Keifer [Acari: Eriphyidae] erineum mite (DOA, 2003a) (Halliday, 1998) Associated with leaves (DOA, 2003a) Acaspina litchii Huang, Huang & Hong Mite Associated with leaves [Acari: Phytoseiidae] (Hong & Zhang, 1996) records found (Huang et al., 1989) CIQ (2000) claims not in Aceria dimocarpi Kuang, 1997= Eriophyes dimocarpi Kuang [Acari: Eriophyidae] gall mite (He, 2001) (Halliday, 1998) Associated with shoots, spikes and flowers. Has been recorded on developing, but not mature fruit. Possible vector of longan witches broom disease (He, 2001; AQSIQ, 2003b) Aceria litchii (Keiffer) = Eriophyes litchii (Keiffer) [Acari: Eriophyidae] Litchi erinose mite, litchi hairy mite, litchi gall mite, litchi rust mite (Hong & Zhang, 1996) (Schuetz et al., 2002) (Halliday, 1998) t in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Feeds on leaves, twigs, foliar flushes and flower panicles. Has been recorded to feed on fruit causing visible damage and malformation (Waite & Hwang, 2002; Kumar, 1992; Waite, 1999) Page 5

6 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Aceria longana Boczek & Knihinicki [Acari: Eriophyidae] erineum mite (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Halliday, 1998) Associated with leaves, flowers and growing points (Waite & Hwang, 2002; Ungasit et al., 1999) Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez- Rodriguez [Acari: Stigmaeidae] Stigmaeid mite (PDI, 2000) (Halliday, 1998) Predatory mite (Hong & Zhang, 1996; Huang et al., 1989) Amblyseius similiovalis Liang & Ke Phytoseiid mite Predatory mite [Acari: Phytoseiidae] (Liang & Ke, 1983) (Halliday, 1998) (Liang & Ke, 1983) Disella litchii Kuang & Feng Mite Associated with leaves [Acari: thopodinae] (Kuang & Feng, 1990) records found (Das & Chakrabati, 1982; Kuang & Feng, 1990) Echinopsis fukiensis Fan & Chen Mite Associated with bark [Acari: Raphignathidae] (Fan & Chen, 1996) (Halliday, 1998) (Fan & Chen, 1996) Epitrimerus dimocarpi Kuang & Hong 1989 [Acari: Eriophyidae] gall mite (Hong & Zhang, 1996) (Halliday, 1998) Associated with leaves and new growth (Hong & Zhang, 1996) Neoepitrimerus (Neoleipothrix) alocasiae Wei & Kuang, 1993 [Acari: Eriophyidae] Gall mite (He et al., 1996) (Halliday, 1998) Associated with buds, flowers and leaflets (He et al., 1996) Oligonychus biharensis Hirst [Acari: Tetranychidae] Cassava red mite (Halliday, 2000) Associated with leaves (DOA, 2003a,b) (CABI, 2002) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003b) Page 6

7 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Panonychus citri (McGregor) [Acari: Tetranychidae] Citrus red mite, citrus red spider mite, red spider mite, purple mite (He, 2001) (Halliday, 1998) t present in WA (AICN, 2001) Has been recorded as a minor pest in lychee orchards in by He (2001), but no records of presence on lychee fruit (CABI, 2002; CIQ, 2000, Tan et al., 1998) Australia does not consider this mite to be a pest of lychee (BA, 2002, 2003) Tetranychus spp. Mite t associated with fruit [Acari: Tetranychidae] records found INSECTA (insects) Coleoptera (beetles) Adoretus complexus Burmeister Root grub Associated with roots [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Sauco & Menini, 1989) (Houston, 1992) t present in WA (Sauco & Menini, 1989) (DAWA, 2003a) Adoretus compressus Weber Rose beetle Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Waterhouse, 1993) (Houston, 1992) (DOA, 2003a) Adoretus hirsutus Ohaus White root grub Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Adoretus sinicus Burmeister [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Chinese rose beetle, root grub (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) Associated with roots and leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Page 7

8 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Adoretus tenuimaculatus Waterhouse [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Houston, 1992) Adults feed on leaves, larvae feed on roots Anomala antiqua (Gyllenhal) [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Groundnut chafer (Tan et al. 1998) (Houston, 1992) Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky Beetle Associated with leaves and new growth [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) (Houston, 1992) (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) Anomala cuprea (Hope) [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Cupreous chafer (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) (Houston, 1992) Associated with leaves and new growth (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) Anomala cupripes Hope [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Large green chafer beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Anomala ebenina Fairmaire Chafer beetle Associated with leaves and new growth [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Houston, 1992) Anomala exoleta Faldermann Chafer beetle Lives underground. Associated with soil [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Houston, 1992) (USDA, 1999; Xue & Guo, 1991; Sun, 1991) Anomala expansa Bates Chafer beetle t associated with fruit [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Houston, 1992) Anomala pallida Fabricius Beetle Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Scarabaediae] (Waterhouse, 1993) (Houston, 1992) (DOA, 2000b) Page 8

9 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Anomala varicolor Gyllenhal Beetle Associated with leaves and new growth [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Sauco & Menini, 1989) (Houston, 1992) (Sauco & Menini, 1989) Anoplophora almora Maulik Beetle Associated with new stems [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] (CIQ, 2000) (CABI, 2002) (CIQ, 2000) Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] Black and white citrus longicorn beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (CABI, 2002) Associated with roots, stems, trunks and branches (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Anoplophora malasiaca (Thompson) [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] White-spotted longicorn beetle (CABI, 2002) Associated with stems, bark, leaves, petioles and roots (CABI, 2002) Apogonia cribricollis Burmeister Chafer beetle Associated with leaves, stems and roots [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) (CABI, 2002) Aristobia approximator [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] Long-horned beetle (DOA, 2003a) (AICN, 2001) Associated with branches (DOA, 2003a) Aristobia horidura [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] Long-horned beetle (DOA, 2003a) (AICN, 2001) Associated with branches (DOA, 2003a) Aristobia testudo (Voet) [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] Litchi longicorn beetle (Waite & Hwang, 2002) records found - Associated with bark and stems (Ho et al., 1990; Waite & Hwang, 2002; Zhang, 1997) Aspidomorpha sanctaecrucis Fabricius [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] Tortoise beetle (DOA, 2000b) (AICN, 2001) Associated with leaves (Verma & Shrivastava, 1985) Page 9

10 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Astathes episcopalis Chevrolet Beetle t associated with fruit [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] (AICN, 2001) Aulacophora almora Maulik Beetle Associated with new stems and new leaves [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Aulacophora cattigarensis Weise Beetle Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Aulacophora femoralis (Motschulsky) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] Cucurbit leaf beetle, orange broom galerucid (Tan et al., 1998) records found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Auloseryca migrorubra Busk. Beetle Associated with leaves and new growth [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Sauco & Menini, 1989) (Houston, 1992) (Sauco & Menini, 1989) Ceresium spp. [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] Longhorn beetle (Cavey, 1998) (1 record of Ceresium spp. In QLD) Associated with branches (Cavey, 1998) (Pollock, unpubl.) Chrysochus chinensis Baly Beetle Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Clitea fulva Chen Beetle Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Colaphellus bowringi Baly Beetle Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Page 10

11 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Euwallacea fornicalus Eichhoff = Xyleborus fornicalus [Coleoptera: Scolytidae] Tea shot-hole borer, shot-hole borer of tea (He, 2001) (CABI, 2002) t present in WA Associated with twigs and stems (CABI, 2002) (DAWA, 2003a) Exolontha serrulata Gyllenhal Associated with soil [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Houston, 1992) (May & Hamilton, 1989) Formicomus braminus La Ferte Senectere [Coleoptera: Anthicidae] (AICN, 2001) Associated with flowers (USDA, 1999; Armstrong & Drummond, 1986) Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius) = Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] Hadda beetle, leaf-eating ladybird, 26- spotted ladybird (Tan et al., 1998) (Li, 1993) Holotrichia ovata Chang [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] White grub beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) Associated with roots (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Holotrichia plumbea planicollis Burmeister [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Beetle (Sauco & Menini, 1989) (Houston, 1992) Associated with leaves and roots (Sauco & Menini, 1989) Holotrichia sauteri Moser [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Southern black chafer (Huang & Lin, 1987) (Houston, 1992) Associated with flowers (Huang & Lin, 1987) Hoplostomus chinensis Guer. Beetle Associated with flowers [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Sauco & Menini, 1989) (Houston, 1992) (Allan, 1986; Keeping, 1984; Sauco & Menini, 1989) Page 11

12 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Hypomeces squamosus Fabricius Green weevil, Associated with leaves, roots and growing points [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] gold-dust beetle, golddust weevil (Tan et al., 1998) (Waterhouse, 1993) (Zimmerman, 1994) (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998; DOA 2003a) Lepidiota stigma Fabricius Sugarcane Associated with roots [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] white grub (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Lyctus brunneus Stephens Powderpost Associated with sapwood of hardwood species [Coleoptera: Lyctidae] beetle (AICN, 2001) (Peters et al., 1996 t present in WA (DAWA, 2003b) Maladera castanea (Arrow) Asiatic garden Associated with new leaves and new stems. [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] beetle, castaneus garden beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) Has been recorded biting the pericarp of the fruit (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998, 1999; AQSIQ, 2003b) Maladera spp. Chafer beetle Associated with new leaves and new stems [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Metriona cirumdala Herbst Green tortoise Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] beetle (Waite, pers. comm., records found (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) 2001) Microtrichia cephalotes Burmeister Sugarcane Associated with leaves and new stems [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] chafer (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Page 12

13 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Monolepta hieroglyphica Motschulsky [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] Leaf feeding beetle, leaf beetle (Tan et al., 1998) records found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Neomyllocerus hedini (Marshall) Weevil Associated with leaves and new stems [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) dina punctostrielata Fairmaire Leaf beetle Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Oxycetonia jucunda Faldermann [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Flower chafer, citrus flower chafer (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) Larvae associated with roots, adults associated with flowers. Has been recorded on fruit (AQSIQ, 2003b; Tan et al., 1997) Phaedon brassicae Baly [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] Daikon leaf beetle (Tan et al., 1998) record found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Phyllotreta striolata Fabricius [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] Cabbage flea beetle, striped flea beetle, turnip flea beetle, yellow striped flea beetle (Tan et al., 1998) records found Associated with leaves, roots and flowers (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Platymycteropsis mandarinus Fairmaire [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] Weevil (Tan et al., 1998) records found Associated with leaves and new stems (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998, 1999) Page 13

14 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Popillia mutans Newman [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Scarab beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) External feeding on flowers and leaves. Occasionally recorded feeding externally on fruit. Larvae feed on roots (Tan et al., 1998; CABI, 2002; AQSIQ, 2003a,b) Popillia quadriguttata Fabricius [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Scarab beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) External feeding on flowers and leaves. Occasionally recorded feeding externally on fruit. Larvae feed on roots (Tan et al., 1998; CABI, 2002; AQSIQ, 2003a,b) Potosia brevitarisis Lewis [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Flower beetle (He, 2001) (Houston, 1992) Mainly feeds on flowers. Has been recorded feeding on fruit (AQSIQ, 2003b) Protaetia fusca (Herbst) [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Mottled flower scarab beetle, mango flower beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Mainly associated with flowers and leaves. Has been reported on fruit in (Tan et al., 1997) AEIDEA.htm Protaetia nitididorsis (Fairmaire) = Cetonia esquiroli Pouillaude [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Scarab beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) Associated with flowers and leaves. Has been recorded feeding on fruit (AQSIQ, 2003b) RABAEIDEA.htm Page 14

15 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Sympiezomias citri Chao [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] Grey citrus weevil (Tan et al., 1998) records found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Taiwania obtusata Boheman Beetle Associated with leaves [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Ulomoides dermestoides Chevrolet Beetle t associated with fruit [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae] (AICN, 2001) Xylotrupes gideon Linnaeus = Dynastes gideon L. [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] Elephant beetle, rhinoceros beetle (Tan et al., 1998) (Houston, 1992) t present in WA Adults feed externally on mature fruit, especially damaged fruit. Larvae feed on roots (Rogers & Blair, 1981; FAO, 2002) (AICN, 2001) Diptera (true flies; mosquitoes) Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet [Diptera: Tephritidae] Melon fly (CABI, 2002) (CABI, 2002) (CABI, 2002) Has been recorded on lychee in Taiwan and Hawaii (Fang & Chang, 1984; Wen, 1985; Waite & Hwang, 2002) Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) [Diptera: Tephritidae] Oriental fruit fly, Asian fruit fly, mango fruit fly (Liang et al., 1999) (CABI, 2002) Feeds on fruit with damaged skin or rotting fruit (CABI, 2002; Liang et al., 1999) (Waterhouse, 1993) Bactrocera spp. Fruit fly t associated with pathway [Diptera: Tephritidae] records found Page 15

16 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Cecidomyiidae spp. Gall midge Associated with bark [Diptera: Cecidomyiidae] records found R/6resthe.htm Litchiomyia chinensis Yang & Luo = Dasyneura spp. [Diptera: Cecidomyiidae] Litchi gall midge, litchi leaf midge (He, 2001) (Naumann, 1993) t present in WA Associated with leaves (FAO, 2002) (DAWA, 2003a) Mayetiola spp. [Diptera: Cecidomyiidae] Gall midge (Tan et al., 1999). Only M. destructor in Australia (Martin, 1982) Associated with new leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1999; Yang & Luo, 1999) Tephritidae spp. Fruit fly t associated with pathway [Diptera: Tephritidae] records found Hemiptera (aphids; leafhoppers; mealybugs; phyllids; scales; true bugs; whiteflies Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance & Baker [Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae] Spiny whitefly (AICN, 2001) t present in WA Associated with leaves and stems (CABI, 2002) (DAWA, 2003a; b) Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby [Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae] Citrus black fly, spiny citrus whitefly (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) (Martin, 1999) Associated with leaves Aleurotuberculatus psidii (Singh) Associated with shoots [Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae] (CABI, 2002) (Wen & Lee, 1985) Page 16

17 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] Oriental red scale, Oriental scale, Oriental yellow scale (CABI, 1999) (AICN, 2001) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) - records on longan or lychee fruit in or elsewhere (CIQ, 2000; AQSIQ 2003a,b) CABI (2002) lists lychee as a secondary host Aphis gossypii Glover [Hemiptera: Aphididae] Melon aphid, cotton aphid (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) (AICN, 2001) t present in WA Associated with leaves, stems, growing points and inflorescences (CABI, 2002) (DAWA, 2003a) Aulacaspis longanae Chen [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] diaspidid scale (Chen et al., 1980) records found Associated with leaves of longan and lychee in (AQSIQ, 2003a,b) Aulacaspis spp. Scale t associated with fruit [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] records found Cantao ocellatus (Thunberg) Shield bug Associated with leaves [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green = Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricus) [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Indian wax scale, Indian white wax scale, Japanese wax scale (Wen & Lee, 1986) (DOA, 2003a) (Qin & Gullan, 1994) Ceroplastes rubens Maskell [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Pink wax scale, red wax scale, ruby wax scale (Tan et al., 1997) (Qin & Gullan, 1994) Page 17

18 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Cletus trigonus Thunberg [Hemiptera: Coreidae] Rice slender bug (Tan et al., 1998) records found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Coccidae spp. Scale Associated with stems [Hemiptera: Coccidae] records found Coccus acutissimus (Green) [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Banana-shaped scale (AICN, 2001) Associated with stems Coccus formicarii (Green) Scale Associated with leaves and stems of tea plants [Hemiptera: Coccidae] (AICN, 2001) (Greathead, 1997) Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Brown soft scale, common shield scale, soft brown scale, soft scale (Hu et al., 1992) (Waite & Hwang, 2002) Coccus longulus (Douglas) [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Long brown scale, long shell scale, long shield scale, long soft scale (Tan et al., 1998) (Smith et al., 1997) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Associated with leaves and stems (DAWA, 2003a) Coccus viridis Green [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Green coffee scale, green scale, green shield scale, soft green scale (ScaleNet, 2001) (ScaleNet, 2001) (Waite & Elder, 2000) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Has been recorded to infest leaves, twigs and fruit of lychee in Australia (Waite & Elder, 2000) Present in and (ScaleNet, 2001) Page 18

19 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Cornegenapsylla sinica Yang & Li [Hemiptera: Psyllidae] psylla/psyllid (Yang & Li, 1982) (DOA, 2003a) (Yang & Li, 1982) Associated with leaves. Possible vector of longan witches broom disease (CIQ, 2000; Chen et al., 1992; Tan et al., 1997; Yang & Li, 1982; Zhan et al., 1999) Cosmoscarta bispecularis White Associated with stems [Hemiptera: Cercopidae] (AICN, 2001) Cryptotympana atrata F. Associated with stems [Hemiptera: Cicadidae] (AICN, 2001) Dalpada oculata (Fabricius) Shield bug Associated with leaves [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Dicyphococcus castilloae (Green) Associated with stems and leaves [Hemiptera: Coccidae] (AICN, 2001) (USDA, 1999; Greathead, 1997) Drepanococcus chiton Wax scale Associated with branches and fruit [Hemiptera: Coccidae] (DOA, 2003a) (AICN, 2001) (DOA, 2003a) Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Cockerell [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] Gray pineapple mealybug (Waterhouse, 1993) (CABI, 2002) record on longan or lychee (DOA, 2003a,b, AQSIQ, 2003a,b, ScaleNet, 2001; CABI, 2002) obre.htm Page 19

20 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Empoasca vitis (Goethe, 1875) = E. flavescens (Fabricius) = E. pirisuga (Mura) Smaller green leaf-hopper, green frogfly (Tan et al., 1998) (CABI, 2002) Associated with leaves, stems and trunk (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae] Erthesina fullo (Thunberg) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] Hong Kong shield bug (CABI, 2002) Associated with leaves and stems. May cause premature fruit drop (USDA, 1999; Song & Wang, 1993) Erythroneura melia Kuoh Associated with leaves [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae] (Tan et al., 1997) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997) Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret) [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Tessellated scale (AICN, 2001) Present in WA Associated with leaves le.htm (DAWA, 2003b) Eurydema cingulatus t associated with pathway [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] (AICN, 2001) Eutettix apicus Melichur Associated with leaves [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae] (Tan et al., 1997) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997) Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] Striped mealybug, spotted mealybug, white tailed mealybug, guava mealybug (CABI, 1999) (ScaleNet, 2001) (Ben-Dov, 1994) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Feeds externally on fruit, leaves and shoots (CABI, 2002) pdf Page 20

21 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Fiorinia pinicola Maskell Tea scale Associated with leaves and stems [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] (AICN, 2001) Fiorinia theae Green [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] Camellia scale, tea scale (CABI, 2002) Associated with leaves and stems Geisha distinctissima Walker [Hemiptera: Flatidae] Green broadwinged flattid (CABI, 2002) Sucks the sap of branches Howardia biclavis (Comstock) Mining scale Associated with stems [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] (AICN, 2001) Huechys sanguinea (DeGreer) Cicada Associated with stems [Hemiptera: Cicadidae] (AICN, 2001) Hyperoncus lateritius (Westwood) Shield bug Associated with leaves [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] (Tan et al., 1998) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Iassus indicus Lethierry Leaf hopper Associated with leaves [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae] (Tan et al., 1997) records found (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997) Icerya purchasi Maskell [Hemiptera: Margarodidae] Cottony cushion scale (AICN, 2001) Icerya seychellarum Westwood [Hemiptera: Margarodidae] Seychelles scale (AICN, 2001) t present in WA Sucks the sap of leaves and stems. Excretes honeydew on leaves and stems (CABI, 2002; DOA, 2003) (DAWA, 2003a, b) Page 21

22 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Icerya spp. Scale Associated with branches [Hemiptera: Margarodidae] (DOA, 2003) records found (DOA, 2003) Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae] Mango leafhopper, blossom leafhopper (CABI, 2003) (Waterhouse, 1993) (NSW, 1999) records in WA Associated with leaves and inflorescences. Only recorded on mangoes. evidence for association with longan or lychee in or elsewhere (ScaleNet, 2001; AQSIQ, 2003a,b) Kerria greeni (Chamberlin) [Hemiptera: Kerridae] Green s lac insect (Li et al., 1997) (ScaleNet, 2001) Associated with stems and branches ephomepage/archives/ppjoh.htm Kerria lacca Kerr (Laccifer) Lac insect Associated with stems and branches. [Hemiptera: Kerridae] (Subbarayudu & Ram, 1997) (CABI, 2002) (DOA, 2003b; Waite & Hwang, 2002) DOA (pers. comm., 2003) claims K. lacca has never been reported on longan or lychee fruit in (DOA, 2003b) AQSIQ (2003b) claims not in Kilifia acuminata (Signoret) [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Mango shield scale (Nakahara, 1981) records found Associated with stems (Ali, 1971; Ferris, 1950; Nakahara, 1981) Lawana imitata Melichar Flattid scale Associated with branches and stems [Hemiptera: Flattidae] (Tan et al., 1997) records found (CIQ, 2000) Leptocentrus albolineatus Funkhouser Leaf hopper Associated with leaves [Hemiptera: Membracidae] (Tan et al., 1997) (Day & Fletcher, 1994) (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Page 22

23 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Leptocorisa acuta Thunberg [Hemiptera: Coreidae] Rice seed bug, Asian rice bug, paddy bug, rice sapper (Tan et al., 1997) (Kay et al., 1993) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Associated with leaves and twigs on longan and lychee in. Associated with seeds of rice, but no records on longan or lychee fruit (Tan et al., 1998; CABI, 2002) Lindingaspis ferrisi McKenzie Scale insect Associated with leaves [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] (AICN, 2001) (Swailem, 1974) Metatachardia fukiensis Zhang Lac insect Associated with stems and branches [Hemiptera: Kerridae] (Zhang, 1993) records found (Tang, 1974; Zhang, 1993) CIQ (2000) claims not on lychee Mictis tenebrosa Fabricius [Hemiptera: Coreidae] Squash bug, leaf-footed bug (Tan et al., 1997) records found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Nezara antennata Scott [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] Green stink bug (Tan et al., 1997) records found Sucks the juice of young shoots, young leaves and young fruits. May be associated with mature fruit (Li et al., 2001; AQSIQ, 2003b; Tan et al., 1997) Nipaecoccus spp. Mealybug t associated with the pathway [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] (DOA, 2003a) records found (DOA, 2003a) Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) = Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] Spherical mealybug, globular mealybug, cotton mealybug, coffee mealybug (Tan et al., 1998) (ScaleNet, 2001) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Associated with stems (Tan et al., 1998) t reported to be present in by ScaleNet (2001) or CABI (2002) Page 23

24 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Ochrochira camelina Kiritshenko [Hemiptera: Coreidae] Squash bug, leaf-footed bug (Tan et al., 1997) records found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Black coffee scale (Mamet, 1943) (PDI, 2000) Planococcus citri (Risso) Citrus mealybug [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] (AICN, 2001) Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell) [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] Cacao mealybug, coffee mealybug (AICN, 2001) Feeds externally on fruit. May cause the formation of sooty mould on fruit (CABI, 2002) (ScaleNet, 2001) Planococcus litchi Cox [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] (Ben-Dov, 1994) (Ben-Dov, 1994) (Ben-Dov, 1994) Mealybugs are generally known to feed on fruit and are associated with the formation of sooty mould on the fruit surface (CABI, 2002) Planococcus spp. Mealybug t associated with pathway [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] records found Plautia crossota (Dallas) = Plautia fimbriata F. [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] Brown-winged green bug (AICN, 2001) Associated with stems Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis Green [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] Trilobite scale, armoured scale (CABI, 2002) t associated with fruit Page 24

25 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Pseudococcidae spp. Mealybug [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] (AICN, 2001) Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] Comstock s mealybug CIE (1975) on lychee (Ben-Dov, 1994) t associated with Litchi chinensis (ScaleNet, 2001; CABI, 2002; AQSIQ, 2003b) Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] Jack Beardsley mealybug (ScaleNet, 2001) (ScaleNet, 2001) Feeds on fruit, leaves and stems (ScaleNet, 2001; CABI, 2002) Pulvinaria polygonata Cockerell [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Cottony citrus scale (AICN, 2001) Associated with leaves t present in WA (AICN, 2001; DAWA, 2003b) Pulvinaria psidii (Maskell) = Chloropulvinaria psidii (Maskell) [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Green shield scale, guava mealy scale, guava scale mango scale (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (ScaleNet, 2001) (Menzel et al., 1988) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Primarily infests leaves and twigs. May be present on the fruit if flowering panicles are infested, causing sooty mould formation (Waite & Elder, 1999; Waite & Hwang, 2002; CABI, 2002) Pyrops candelaria Linnaeus = Fulgora condelaria Linnaeus; Laternaria candalaria (Linnaeus) Lantern bug, longan leafhopper (Li et al., 1997) records found Associated with stems (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) [Hemiptera: Fulgoridae] Pyrops lathburii (Kirby) Associated with stems [Hemiptera: Fulgoridae] (AICN, 2001) Page 25

26 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Pyrops spinolae Westwood Associated with stems [Hemiptera: Fulgoridae] (AICN, 2001) Rhynchocoris humeralis (Thunberg) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] Spined fruit bug, spined fruit bug of citrus, citrus green stink bug (Waterhouse, 1993) (CABI, 2002) Pest of citrus - no evidence of association with longan or lychee (CABI, 2002; AQSIQ, 2003a, DOA, 2003a,b) html Ricania speculum (Walker) [Hemiptera: Ricaniidae] Black leafhopper (Tan et al., 1997) records found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Riptortus linearis Fabricius [Hemiptera: Alydidae] Legume pod bug (Tan et al., 1997, 1998) (Cassis & Gross, 2002) t present in WA Associated with leaves of longans and lychees in. Associated with seeds and pods of legumes, but not longan or lychee (Tan et al., 1997; CABI, 2002) (DAWA, 2003a) Saissetia coffeae Walker [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Brown coffee scale, coffee helmet scale, helmet scale (Hu et al., 1992) (DOA, 2003a) (CABI, 2002) Page 26

27 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Saissetia oleae (Olivier) [Hemiptera: Coccidae] Black scale, black shield scale, brown olive scale, Mediterranean black scale, olive scale (Ali, 1971) (Smith et al., 1997) Salurnis marginellus Guerin Meneville [Hemiptera: Flatidae] Flattid scale (AICN, 2001) Associated with leaves and stems (USDA, 1999; Shun-Chern, 1989) Solenostethium chinense Stål [Hemiptera: Scutelleridae] Yellow-belly arctiid, shield backed bug (Tan et al., 1997) records found Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Tartessus ferrugineus (Walker) Leafhopper Associated with stems [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae] (AICN, 2001) Tenaphalara dimocarpi Yang & Li Psyllid t associated with fruit [Hemiptera: Psyllidae] (AICN, 2001) Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] /litchi stinkbug, litchi bug, leaf & twig sucking bug (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Waite & Hwang, 2002) Sucks the juice of young shoot, young leaves and young fruits. May be associated with mature fruit but usually causes premature drop. May be a vector of longan witches broom disease (Waite & Hwang, 2002; AQSIQ, 2003b; DOA, 2003a,b; FAO, 2002) Page 27

28 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Thysanofiorinia nephelii Maskell Scale insect Associated with leaves and stems [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] (AICN, 2001) Unaspis yanonensis Kuwana [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] Arrowhead scale, Oriental citrus scale (CABI, 2002) t associated with fruit (CABI, 2002; USDA, 1999) Hymenoptera (ants; bees; wasps) Anastatus japonicus Ashmead Egg parasite Egg parasite [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] (Xin & Li, 1989) records found (Xin & Li, 1989) Ooencyrtus spp. Egg parasite Egg parasite [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae] (Zhou & Xian, 1994) (CABI, 2000) (Zhou & Xian, 1994) Isoptera (termites) Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki [Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae] Formosan subterranean termite (Li et al., 1997) (CABI, 2002) Associated with stems and roots (Li et al., 1997) Coptotermes spp. [Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae] Subterranean termites (CABI, 1999) (AICN, 2001) Cryptotermes declivis Tsai & Chen Termite t associated with fruit [Isoptera: Kalotermitidae] (AICN, 2001) Macrotermes barneyi Light [Isoptera: Termitidae] Subterranean termite (CABI, 2002) t associated with fruit Page 28

29 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki [Isoptera: Termitidae] Subterranean termite (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) records found Associated with roots (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) Lepidoptera (butterflies; moths) Acanthoecia laminati Heylaerts t associated with fruit [Lepidoptera: Psychidae] (Nielsen et al., 1996) Acanthopsyche subteralbatus Hampson [Lepidoptera: Psychidae] Case worm (Tan et al., 1998) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with branches, stems and trunk (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Achaea janata Linnaeus [Lepidoptera: ctuidae] Leaf-eating caterpillar (Waterhouse, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Adoxophyes cyrtosema Meyrick [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] Citrus brownbanded tortrix, citrus leaf-roller (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with fruit, flowers, leaves and new growth. External feeding on fruit (AQSIQ, 2003b; Waite & Hwang, 2002) Adoxophyes orana Fisher von Röeslerstamm = Adoxophyes fasciata Walsh [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] Apple peel tortricid, smaller tea tortrix, summer fruit tortrix (Huang et al., 1997) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with fruit, flowers, leaves and new growth. External feeding on fruit (Huang et al., 1997; CABI, 2002) Page 29

30 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Amata lutesfascia Hamps Moth Amata spp. usually feeds on flowers and leaves [Lepidoptera: Amatidae] (Waite, pers. comm., 2001) (Nielsen et al., 1996) records on longan or lychee in (AQSIQ, 2003b) Anisodes illepidaria Guenee [Lepidoptera: Geometridae] Leaf-eating caterpillar (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with young leaves (DOA, 2000a; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Anisozyga spp. Caterpillar t associated with fruit [Lepidoptera: Geometridae] records found Anthene emolus emolus Godart Ciliate blue Associated with flowers and young leaves [Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae] (Yutaka, 2001) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2000a; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Archips asiatica Walsingham [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] Leaf roller (Huang et al., 1997) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with leaves. AQSIQ claims no record on longan or lychee. Archips spp. are reported as pests of leaves and flowers in (USDA, 1999; AQSIQ, 2003a; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Archips machlopis Meyrick Leaf roller Associated with leaves [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] (DOA, 2000a) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2000a; Tuck, 1990) Archips micacaena Walker Leaf roller Associated with leaves, shoots and flowers [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] (Waterhouse, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Page 30

31 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Archips tabescens Meyrick = Homona tabescens Meyrick [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] Leaf roller (Liu, 1964) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with leaves (CIQ, 2000) CIQ (2000) claims not on lychee Ascotis selenaria imparata Walker [Lepidoptera: Geometridae] Leaf-eating caterpillar, cotton geometrid (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with leaves (DOA, 2000a,b; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Asurida metaphae Hampson Associated with leaves [Lepidoptera: Arctidae] (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2000b; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Attacus atlas (Linnaeus) Atlas moth Associated with leaves [Lepidoptera: Saturniidae] (CABI, 2002) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (CABI, 2002) (CABI, 2002) Autoba abrupta Walker = Eublemma abrupta Walker [Lepidoptera: ctuidae] Flower caterpillar (Waterhouse, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Unknown distribution Associated with flowers (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003b) Autoba brachygonia Hampson = Eublemma brachygonia Hampson [Lepidoptera: ctuidae] Flower caterpillar (Waterhouse, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with flowers (DOA, 2000a,b) Page 31

32 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Autoba versicolor Hampson = Eublemma versicolor Hampson [Lepidoptera: ctuidae] Flower caterpillar (Waterhouse, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Unknown distribution Associated with flowers (DOA, 2003a) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003b) Buzura suppressaria (Guenée) Tea looper Associated with leaves [Lepidoptera: Geometridae] (He, 2001) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (CABI, 2002) CIQ (2000) claims not on lychee Cephonodes hylas hylas Linnaeus [Lepidoptera: Sphingidae] Coffee hawk moth; bee hawk moth (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (APPD, 2003) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003b Feeds on leaves and flowers (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Cerace stipatana Walker [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] Tortrix, borer (Huang et al., 1997) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Feed on leaves. records on longan or lychee fruit (AQSIQ, 2003a,b) Chalioides kondonis Matsumura [Lepidoptera: Psychidae] Kondo white psychid (Tan et al., 1998) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with branches, stems and trunk (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Cnesteboda celligera Meyrick Leaf roller Associated with leaves [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2000a; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Page 32

33 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Comocritis albicapilla Moriuti Moth Associated with bark [Lepidoptera: Oecophonidae] (Luo et al., 1998) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (Liu & Xu, 1997; Luo et al., 1998) Comostola laesaria Walker Associated with flowers [Lepidoptera: Geometridae] (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2003a) Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée = Dichocrocis punctiferalis [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] Yellow peach moth (Huang et al., 1997) (Nielsen et al., 1996) t present in WA Associated with flowers (DOA, 2003a) (Waterhouse, 1993) (DAWA, 2003a) Conogethes spp. t associated with fruit [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] records found Conopomorpha litchiella Bradley Litchi leafminer Associated with leaves and new growth [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae] (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (He, 2001; Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Waite & Hwang, 2002) Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae] Litchi fruit borer, litchi stem-end borer (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Schuetz et al., 2002) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Eggs are laid on fruit, leaves and shoots, and larvae penetrate the fruit. Adults feed externally on fruit Pest of longan and lychee (He, 2001; Waite & Hwang, 2002) Page 33

34 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] Litchi fruit moth, macadamia nut borer (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Menzel et al., 1988) (Waite & Hwang, 2002) Cryptothelea variegata Snellen Bagworm Associated with stems and trunk [Lepidoptera: Psychidae] (Tan et al., 1998) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1998) Cyana coccinea Moore Associated with leaves [Lepidoptera: Arctidae] (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2000b; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Dappula tertia Templeton t associated with fruit [Lepidoptera: Psychidae] (Nielsen et al., 1996) Darna diducta Snellen Nettle caterpillar Associated with leaves [Lepidoptera: Limacodidae] (Waterhouse, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2000b; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Dasychira mendosa Hübner = Olene mendosa Hübner [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae] Tussock caterpillar (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Herbison-Evans et al., 2003) Associated with leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003b) Decadarchis leucopogon Meyrick Associated with bark [Lepidoptera: Tineidae] (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2000b; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Page 34

35 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Deudorix epijarbas Moore = Deudorix epijarbas amatius Fruhstorfer [Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae] Cornelian butterfly, fruit borer, grey lychee butterfly (Tan et al., 1998) (DOA, 2003a) (Nielsen et al., 1996) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Eggs are laid on fruit and larvae bore inside, completely destroying the flesh and seed (DOA 2003b; Waite & Hwang, 2002) Dudua aprobola (Meyrick) = Argyroploce aprobola (Meyrick, 1886); Platypeplus aprobola (Meyrick) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] Brown tortrix, leaf roller, leafwebber (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003a) Associated with leaves (Waite & Hwang, 2002) Dudusa synopla Swinhoe [Lepidoptera: todontidae] Leaf-eating caterpillar (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with leaves (DOA, 2000a; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Dyspessa monticola Groum-Grshima t associated with fruit [Lepidoptera: Cossidae] (Nielsen et al., 1996) Eboda cellerigera Meyrick Tortrix Associated with new stems and new leaves [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] (Tan et al., 1998) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (CIQ, 2000; He, 2001; Tan et al., 1998) Eudocima fullonia (Clerck) = Othreis fullonia [Lepidoptera: ctuidae] Fruit piercing moth, fruit sucking moth (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Waite & Hwang, 2002) (Waite & Hwang, 2002) Page 35

36 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Eudocima hypermnestra Stoll [Lepidoptera: ctuidae] Fruit piercing moth (Nielsen et al., 1996) t associated with pathway Eumeta japonica Heylaerts [Lepidoptera: Psychidae] Japanese bagworm (Li et al., 1997) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with stems, shoots, twigs and leaves (Li et al., 1997) Eumeta minuscula Butler Bag worm Associated with stems, shoots, twigs and leaves [Lepidoptera: Psychidae] (Nielsen et al., 1996) Eumeta variegata Snellen Bag worm Associated with stems, shoots, twigs and leaves [Lepidoptera: Psychidae] (Nielsen et al., 1996) Euproctis fraterna Moore [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae] Coffee hairy caterpillar (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with leaves (DOA, 2000b; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Euproctis scintillans (Walker) = Porthesia scintillans [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae] Hairy tussock caterpillar (Tan et al., 1998) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with leaves. Has been reported to chew developing fruit occasionally, causing premature drop (Tan et al., 1997, 1998; AQSIQ, 2003b) d/content/tamarind/tamarind_manual_html/140.htm Euproctis taiwana Shiraki [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae] Tussock moth, yellow tailed moth (Li et al., 1997) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with leaves, stems, flowers and shoots (Su, 1985; He, 2001; Li et al., 1997) Euproctis varians (Walker) Moth/caterpillar Associated with leaves [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae] (Tan et al., 1998) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (CIQ, 2000; Tan et al., 1997, 1998) Page 36

37 Draft Import Risk Analysis: Importation of fresh longan and lychee fruit from and Appendix 1 Pest Common name Distribution Present in Australia Host Pathway association Comment/ Reference Consider further Gatesclarkeana idia Diakonoff Moth Feeds on flowers [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Gelechiidae spp. t associated with fruit [Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae] records found Gracillariidae spp. t associated with fruit [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae] records found Gymnoscelis imparatalis Walker [Lepidoptera: Geometridae] Leaf-eating caterpillar (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996 Associated with young leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Hedylepta barcalis Walker [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] Leaf-eating caterpillar (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Associated with leaves (DOA, 2000a; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Hemithea tritonaria Walker Associated with young leaves and flowers [Lepidoptera: Geometridae] (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) (DOA, 2000b; Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) Homodes bracteigutta Walker Feeds on rambutan fruit [Lepidoptera: ctuidae] (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) (Nielsen et al., 1996) Unknown distribution evidence to show association with longan (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993) t present in WA (DAWA, 2003b) Page 37