A Quarterly Pest Update for WPDN First Detectors

Transcription

1 Western Plant Diagnostic Network First Detector News 1 A Quarterly Pest Update for WPDN First Detectors Spring 2018 edition, volume 11, number 1 In this Issue Page 1: Editor s comments Pages 2 3: Transitions Pages 3-7: WPDN Newsletter Index Pages 8-9: Bacterial wilt and canker of tomato with survey Pages 9 10: Resources for First Detectors Contact us at the WPDN Regional Center at UC Davis: Phone: tbrenesa@ucdavis.edu Web: Editor: Tanya Regents of the University of California All Rights Reserved Dear First Detectors, It is time to pass the torch to a new generation. I will be retiring as of March 31st and our new associate director and First Detector coordinator, Tania Brenes-Arguedas. Pages 2 and 3 are devoted to this transition. I have finally fulfilled a long-term goal in indexing all the WPDN newsletters. I have summarized the contents of the newsletters from 2008 through As I read through the newsletters as I posted them, it is interesting to see how and when invasives arrive, spread, or sometimes even be eradicated! There is an article and survey for bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, written by one of our UC Davis faculty, Gitta Coaker, and her post-doc Shree Thapa. Finally there are two pages of handy websites and resources for our First Detectors to keep up to date with training and new pests. My best wishes to all of you. It has been my privilege to work with you and all our First Detector Educators. Dick Hoenisch Please find the NPDN family of newsletters at: Newsletters

2 Transitions in the Western Plant Diagnostic Network Team 2 All good things must come to an end, and with an ending there are new beginnings! I will be retiring from the University of California on March 31, Thirteen of these years I have been part of the WPDN team, as director for training and education. I have enjoyed working with all of you, from training workshops, seminars, Power Point presentation, and the quarterly newsletters. I especially wish to thank the staffs of Pest Applicators Professional Association (PAPA), the California Association of Pest Control Advisors (CAPCA), the Master Gardener programs in the WPDN, state and county departments of agriculture, the faculty and staff at the University of California, Davis, and many commodity groups. I would also especially like to thank my fellow First Detector Educators in the WPDN. They have valiantly been presenting the NPDN trainings and workshops since Amanda Hodges of the NPDN and University of Florida, was my mentor during my first years with the NPDN. My special gratitude to Rick Bostock, the first director of the WPDN, Neil McRoberts, the current director, scientists Steven Seybold of the USDA Forest Service, John Kabashima of UC Cooperative Extension, Gevork Arakelian, entomologist with of the Los Angeles County, Jim LaBonte, entomologist with the Oregon Department of Agriculture, Shouhua Wang and Jeff Knight with the Nevada Department of Agriculture, and David Robinson, USDA PPQ national identifier for snails and slugs. I would be remiss if I did not mention my workshop mentor, Gillian Watson of CDFA, now also retired and back home in England. Everyone asks what I will be doing in retirement! I have many interest such as horticulture and viticulture, reading histories and biographies, and learning a new language and brushing up on the ones I know! Davis is full of activities for sports and education! And, my wife and I love to travel and explore the world. Following is the introduction of my successor, Tania Brenes-Arguedas, who will make a wonderful associate director of the WPDN and Training and Education coordinator. And following the introduction, is the index of the WPDN Newsletters from 2008 on. Thanks so much to all of you for your support and efforts as First Detectors! Dick Hoenisch

3 3 Tania Brenes-Arguedas My name is Tania Brenes-Arguedas. I was born in Costa Rica and am bilingual in English and Spanish. I have a background in chemistry and biology, and did my Ph.D. at the University of Utah, specializing in plant-pest interactions. For my Ph.D. research I studied the role of ants in defending some tropical forest plants from their many pests. Later on I worked at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute with a network of tropical forest researchers studying how trees grow and die in the forest. Before joining WPDN I was in the private sector. As an environmental consultant, I helped growers in the Central Valley of California prevent contamination to their local rivers and waterways as part of their regulatory compliance. I am now very excited to be part of the WPDN. letter Index: Winter 2008 Useful websites premier edition! Spring 2008 Mediterranean fruit fly; light brown apple moth; coconut rhinoceros beetle in Guam Spring 2009 Asian longhorned beetle; biocontrol with the snout beetle in Alaska; Hawai ian landscape diseases Summer 2009 Sudden oak death; spotted winged Drosophila (Cherry vinegar fly) first detection; alder green sawfly found in Alaska

4 4 Fall 2009 European grapevine moth first detection; spotted wing drosophila spreads in the West Coast; powdery mildew found on globemallow in Idaho Winter 2010 fruit-piercing moth found in Hawai i; thousand cankers of walnut Spring 2010 alder sawfly spreads to AK, OR, and WA; European grapevine moth spreads in California; spinach curly top virus found in Arizona; Varroa mite found in beehives in Hawai i Summer 2010 Asian citrus psyllid / huanglongbing ( aka citrus greening) disease of citrus in Southeast; new moth, Duponchelia fovealis, first discovery in North America, found in San Diego County CA; laurel wilt; sagebrush rust in Idaho; coffee berry borer found in Kona on the west coast of Hawai i; Fall 2010 USDA Hungry Pests; brown marmorated stinkbug, first report in Oregon; discovery of red palm weevil in Orange Co., CA Winter 2011 brown marmorated stinkbug now in California; European grapevine moth control in CA; illegal importation of fig cuttings from Turkey through ebay Spring 2011 Invasive woodboring beetles; goldspotted oak borer; emerald ash borer; redbay ambrosia beetle and laurel wilt; brown fir longhorned beetle Summer 2011 Invasive horticultural plants; Japanese dodder Fall 2011 Imports of foodstuffs, floriculture and nursery products, and the agencies that protect US agriculture; Bagrada bug first report in North America, found in California and Arizona Winter-Spring 2012 Huanglongbing bacterial disease of citrus found in Los Angeles County CA; ACP/HLB biology and damage; Bagrada bug spreads into New Mexico and Nevada

5 5 Summer 2012 Laurel wilt in South update; polyphagous shot hole borer vectors Fusarium disease in California; pale cyst nematode on potato spreads in Idaho; awards for WPDN members Fall 2012 Boxwood blight found in eastern US and Canada; downy mildew on Impatiens in Oregon; two new gall wasps found on Eucalyptus in California; Asian citrus psyllid spreads in CA; new pheromone trap for walnut twig beetle, the vector of thousand cankers disease of walnut Winter-Spring 2013 Invasive snails and slugs; pest updates and quizzes Summer 2013 Brown marmorated stink bug found in Sacramento CA; sudden oak death; exotic fruit flies in California Fall 2013 Asian citrus psyllid update and biocontrol efforts; introduction to grapevine virus diseases; grapevine red blotch disease; brown marmorated stinkbug update and training resources Winter 2014 USDA-APHIS Lucid keys for pests; 100 th anniversary of Cooperative Extension; NPDN & WPDN resources; Western IPM; Pest Tracker Exotic Pest Reporting; CDFA What is this Bug?; Asian citrus psyllid update; coconut rhinoceros beetle now in Hawaii Spring 2014 Asian longhorned beetle; new pests in the West channeled apple snail and weeping Ficus thrips; easy key for identifying broadleaf and grass weeds; new Lucid key for scale insects and mealybugs; Summer 2014 Intercepting pests in US; giant African snails intercepted at LAX; plant smuggling; Egyptian broomrape found in Solano Co., CA; cucumber green mottle mosaic virus found for the first time in US in Yolo Co., CA Fall 2014 The Bagrada bug spreads across the Southwest; European grapevine moth eradication a success story; Khapra beetle; second Snail and Slug Workshop announcement

6 6 Winter 2015 Insects in winter; Phytophthora tentaculata found in California; Swede midge invasive pest of Brassicaceae; NPDN on the internet; pale cyst nematode spreads in Idaho; red palm weevil eradicated in California Spring 2015 Plant viruses; pest updates arboreal camel cricket in Napa Co., CA, and European chafer in Washington State Summer 2015 Citrus disease Huanglongbing found in San Gabriel, CA; second Invasive Snail and Slug Workshop with video link; emerald ash borer continues to spread; banana disease troubles in Paradise Fall 2015 The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa and its wide host range; Japanese beetle in the West; European Gypsy moth; giant African snail intercepted at the Port of Oakland CA Winter 2016 Asian citrus psyllid and Huanglongbing spreading in California citrus; Asian citrus psyllid in Arizona; guidelines for shipping commercial and homegrown citrus; citrus longhorned beetle; Chilli thrips have reached the West; brown marmorated stinkbug information and resources Spring 2016 Ants; Phytophthora and nursery plants; new Phytophthora species; three-cornered alfalfa hopper found as the vector for red blotch virus disease of grapes Summer 2016 Western forest decline, death, and fire; the bronze bug, another pest of Eucalyptus; new bacterial disease of corn found for the first time in US in Nebraska Fall 2016 Sugarcane aphid spreads to sorghum; Asian citrus psyllid quarantine expands in California; new WPDN director Neil McRoberts and thanks to our outgoing director, Rick Bostock; Ficus leaf-rolling psyllid found for the first time in US in Southern California; new exotic scale found on Hawai i; stem and bulb

7 7 nematode found for the first time on garlic in New Mexico; Fusarium wilt of Cannabis sativa in Nevada Winter 2017 Drought, Rain, Snow, Flooding, and Plants; choosing healthy nursery plants; Hawai i Paradise for Invasives; five Fusarium species associated with Cannabis sativa in Nevada; olive bark beetle found in Riverside Co., CA a first in the Western hemisphere Spring 2017 Pests and problems of urban forestry; brown marmorated stinkbugs and wine quality; boxwood blight found in California; Ganoderma root and butt rot in almonds; Asian citrus psyllid and huanglongbing updates and resources Summer 2017 History of container shipping; pests associated with pallets and packing material; ratlung worm in the Hawaiian Islands; two new pathogens of conifers in Washington, first-ever live Gypsy moth females found in Washington; Pythium crown rot of Cannabis sativa in Nevada Fall 2017 Tomato crown rot Southern blight spreading to new areas; tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in Hawai i; three Mediterranean fruit fly quarantines in California; tobacco ringspot virus found in winegrapes in Washington; Asian citrus psyllid and huanglongbing spread in California an update What are my favorite newsletters? There are a couple of feature newsletters from which I learned much by composing them. Before the two invasive snail and slug workshops, I knew practically nothing about snails and slugs, except how to gruesomely get rid of snails while growing up in San Francisco! So one favorite newsletter is Snail and Slug Winter-Spring The other is the famous Ant Newsletter from Spring Once again, I knew very little about ants except how kill them! The photos by Alex Wild from the University of Texas at Austin are fantastic. I received many responses to this newsletter. RWH

8 Bacterial wilt and canker of tomato By Shree Thapa and Gitta Coaker 8 Bacterial wilt and canker is an important tomato disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Bacterial canker can cause substantial losses in greenhouse and field production systems. The economic threat and the challenges to manage this disease have led to the inclusion of this pathogen as a quarantine agent in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. At present, control and management of this disease relies primarily on the use of clean seed, healthy transplant practices, and crop rotation. Disease symptoms: In the greenhouse, the first symptom is unilateral wilting of leaflets followed by whole plant collapse. In the field, the edge of the leaflet desiccates mainly on lower leaves. The plant slowly desiccates, usually without exhibiting wilting symptoms. Brown stripes may appear on stems and petioles that split to expose yellowish to reddish-brown cavities, called stem cankers. Unilateral wilting of leaves, stem canker formation, and bird's eye spot lesions on the fruit surface are the classical diagnostic features of tomato bacterial canker. Pathogen Transmission: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis gains entry into the plant through contaminated seeds, wounds, broken hydathodes and then proliferates in xylem vessels. Primary infection of tomato plants originates from contaminated seed. The disease spreads to other seedlings and plants by practices such as clipping and packaging for transplant production, tying and staking of trellis tomatoes, suckering and tying in greenhouses, water splashing caused by rain, overhead irrigation and chemical sprays. In the field, bacteria can spread from plants with primary infection to nearby plants by water splash and mechanical transmission. Prevention and Control: Use of healthy seeds is the first and most important condition for controlling and management of bacterial canker. Seed testing is an essential tool for the control of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and is important for its regulation and control through phytosanitary certification and quarantine programs in the domestic and international seed trade. Tomato seed testing is based on dilution plating of seed extracts on semi-selective media followed by PCR and pathogenicity tests. Gitta Coaker and colleagues at the University of California, Davis, are using genome sequences of many pathogenic and nonpathogenic Clavibacter strains to generate a highly specific multiplex PCR diagnostic assay. Seed treatment, appropriate cultural practices, chemical sprays, hygiene and sanitation are other important measures for controlling the disease. Once the disease has appeared, strict hygiene measures such as eradication of infected plants and isolation of infected rows, destruction of crop residues, disinfection of structures and equipment prevent further contamination. Bacterial wilt and canker symptoms in pith of the stem of tomato Photos by Paul Bachi, U Kentucky Ripe tomato with bird s eye lesions of fruit

9 9 Photos by the Coaker Lab, UC Davis Bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, and bird s eye lesions of fruit collected from infected plants in the field. Unilateral wilting and stem cankers after Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection in greenhouse. If you are a commercial tomato grower, please take time to complete this short survey from the Coaker Lab. Bacterial Wilt and Canker of Tomato Survey The authors, Professor Gitta Coaker, Ph.D. (left) and Shree Thapa, Ph.D. (right), both at UC Davis And finally, handy websites and resources for the First Detectors The National Plant Diagnostic Network homepage The Western Plant Diagnostic Network homepage WPDN Newsletter Archives Documents to conduct a First Detector Training Pest Alerts for the West First Detector Power Point Presentations

10 First Detector training modules Pest Tracker Exotic Pest Reporting USDA Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine University of California Integrated Pest Management Western Integrated Pest Management North American Plant Protection Organization International Shipping Regulations 10 States and Territories in the WPDN websites: Alaska American Samoa Arizona California Guam Hawai i Idaho Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington