]. P. Martin PATHOLOGY SECTION ,SESSION-TUESDAY, 12TH S~PTEMBER, 9.30 A.M. C. G. HUGHES, Chairman.

Transcription

1 ]. P. Martin 435 PATHOLOGY SECTION,SESSION-TUESDAY, 12TH S~PTEMBER, 9.30 A.M. C. G. HUGHES, Chairman. The Chairman extended a welcome to the delegates to the Pathology Section and then asked Mr. Martin to present his paper. Paper SUGAR-CANE DISEASES AND THEIR WORLD DISTRIBUTION J.P. MARTIN Experiment Station, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association The advantages of maintaining a complete and current listing of the sugar-cane diseases of the world and the countries where the diseases occur, are recognized by pathologists and have been discussed at several congresses of this Society. The purposes of this paper is to present the data which the writer has gathered on the world distribution of sugar-cane diseases. In compiling it, previous publications have been freely drawn upon and the available literature on the subject has been searched. It was realized at the start that a paper of this nature would be of value only ifit were complete and up-to-date. In order to accomplish this goal, a circular letter outlining the objective sought and a listing of the respective diseases in each country were sent (January, 1950) either to a pathologist or botanist, or to an organization in each country involved, requesting that corrections or additions be made. The response to these requests has be011 most gratifying and the writer is indebted to the persons all,over the world who so willingly co-operated in this undertaking. No claims are made for completeness of certain check lists as presented in this paper since listings were not available for several countries and in a few instances no replies were received. It is sincerely hoped that any omissions will be called to the writer's attention.', In a few instances it has been noted that the same disease occurs in different countries under different mimes. Considerable confusion would be avoided if 'one common name (followed by its' synonyms) were adopted for such cases. Possibly the standing committee, which is the subject of a resolution before this congress, could reach "a decision on these matters and submit their recommendations to the Society for final adoption. The subject matter in this paper is arranged in two parts: Part I. A Check List of the Sugar-Cane Diseases of the World, the Cause of Each, and the Countries in Which Each Disease Occurs. Part II. The Cane-Sugar Producing Countries ofthe World and the Diseases Occurring in Each Country.

2 ... ee Ol <, TABLE 1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL GROUPING OF THE CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIES. --~"---'.., _---"---._-_. -,_._~--_. AFRICA AMERICA AMERICA ASIA EUROPE INDIAN OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN NORTH& CE~TTRAL SOUTH AREAS AREAS 'VEST Ixuras Angola - British Argentins, Burma Belgian Congo Italy Andaman Australia Antigua Honduras Brazil Ceylon Cameroons Madeira Islands Borneo Barbados Costa Rica British Guiana China Egypt POrtugal Java Fiji Cuba El Salvador (Demerara) India Kenya Spain Madagascar Formosa Dominican Guatemala Colombia Indochina Mozambique Tm:key Mauritius (Taiwan) Republic Honduras Dutch Guiana (French) Sierra Leone Reunion Guam Grenada Mexico (Surinam) Japan Tanganyika_ Hawaii Guadeloupe Nicaragua Ecuador Malay States Uganda New Britain Haiti Panama Paraguay Pakistan Union ofsouth New Caledonia Jamaica Vnited States_ Peru Siam (Thailand) New Guinea Martinique -Africa(Natal~ Florida Venezuela, Okinawa Montserrat Louisiana (Ryukyu) Puerto:-Rico Philippines St; Croix Samoa St. John Solomon Islands St. Kitts and Sumatra Nevis Tahiti St. Lucia St. Thomas St. Vincent Trinidad and Tobago I ~ s<::> ~.~ C/) '"~ "". <::> ;;OS

3 ---_-\1~ J. P.Martin ;437 In addition to the pathological diseases' a number of physiological diseases have been included since the latter often causes symptoms and depressedcafie growth similar to the infectious maladies. In assigning i the causal organism to each disease" An Annotated List offungi and Bacteria Associated With Sugarcane and Its Products., by John A. Stevenson and R. D. Rands, published in" The Hawaiian Planters' Record," VoL XLII, Fourth Quarter, 1938, has been used whenever possible. This list is the most recent and comprehensive available. The various cane-sugar ;producing countries have been listed under their geographical locations in Table I. In some instances, this grouping is somewhat artificial, since an effort has been made to reduce the groupings to a minimum. A number of locations where sugar cane is not grown commercially 'have been included, since it seemed highly advisable to list those areas where specific cane diseases are known to occur. This is particularly the case in!the " Pacific Ocean " where scientific expeditions have been made to different islands for collecting and studying wild canes and where cane diseases have been recorded. The diseases listed under each country signify that they have been recorded,,at some tim~i!qr. other, as occurring inthat country'; certain diseas~sas listed have not been observed for a number of years, while other diseases are of minor importance only. PART I A Check List of the Sugar-Cane Diseases of the World, the' Cause of Each, and the Countries in Which Each Disease Occurs. Black rot DISEASE CAUSE COUNTRY Arrow rot Fusarium spp. Union of South Afirca Bacterial stem rot Bacillus sacchari, Roldan Philippines Baker's leaf spot Bakerophoma sacchari, Died. China, Phillipines Banded chlorosis Physiological Australia, Cuba, Formosa, (cold, or sectional (low or high temperatures) Hawaii, India,.Iamaioa, ohlorosis].iapan, Okinawa, Union of South Africa, United States ), Banded sclerotial. (deaf) disease Black leafspot 1 Mycelia sterilia (in Australia) Australia, Formosa, India, tjoriicium sasakii, Mass. (in Formosa) Hypochnus (Corticium) sa8aki~, Shirai (in India) Rhizoctonia solani, Kulm (in Siam) Java, Okinawa, Siam Philippines, Phyllachora sacchori, P. Henn, Oeratostomelia adiposfmn, (Butler) Sartoris Argentina, India, Ja.va, Philippines Brazil, Dominican Republic, Formosa, India, Java, Peru, United States

4 438 Pathology Section DISEASE Brown spot, Brown stripe.bunga (bulaklak) Bunch top Cane-killing weed (Striga) Cephalosporium seed rot Chlorotic leaf blotch Chlorotic streak Cluster stool Collar rot Culm and midrib rot Diplodia rot Downy mildew Droopy top CAUSE Cercospora longipes, Butler Cochliobolus stenospilus (Carp.) M. and Y. (Helminthospori'i(,'m, etenospilicm, Drechsler) Aeginetia indica Striga spp. Cephalosporium sacchari, Butler Virus Genetical Hendersonia sacchari, Butler Papularia vinosa (Berk. and 'Curt.) Mason Diplod-ia sp. Sclerospora sacchari, Miy. Soil deficiency? COUNTRY Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, India, Java, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion,' Tanganyika, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Union of South Africa, United States, Venezuela Anstralia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Formosa, Hawaii, India? Japan, Mozambique, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Union of South Africa, United States Hawaii, Mauritius, Union of South Africa Australia, India, Madagascar United States Guam, Hawaii Australia, Fiji, Formosa, Hawaii, Java, Mauritius, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Turkey, United States (Louisiana) Australia Argentina, India, Indochina, Mauritius, Philippines Philippines Puerto Rico, Africa Union of South Formosa, India,,Tava, Philippines Australia, Fiji, Formosa, India, Japan, New Guinea, Philippines, Siam Australia

5 ]. P. 'Martin DISEASE Dry rot Dry top rot j CAUSE Physalospora rhodina (Berk. and Curt.) Plaemodiophora 'I.1a8CUlarum, Matz COUNTRY Barbados, Brazil, British Guiana, Cameroons, Cuba, Dominican Republic, India, Indochina, Java, Malay States, Mexico, Philippines, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, Trinidad and Tobago Barbados, Puerto Rico, Venezuela Dwarf.disease Virus Australia Ergot Claviceps sp. Philippines? Eye spot H elminthosp01'iurn sacchari (v. Breda de Haan) Butler Adaman Islands, Antigua, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belgian Congo, British Guiana,British Honduras, Cameroons, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dutch Guiana, Egypt, Fiji, Formosa, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Ilaiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indochina, Italy, Jamaica,.Iapan, Java,,Kenya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malay States, Martinique, Mauritius. Mexico, Mozambique, New Guinea,Okinawa, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Siam, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Thomas, Tanganyika, Trinidad and, Tobago, Uganda, Union of South Africa, United States (Florida only), Venezuela Fiji disease Virus Australia, Fiji, New Britain, New Caledonia; New Guinea: Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands Fusarium rot Fusariurn sp. Union of Soueh Africa Gangrene Aspergillus, fenicilliurn spp. Union of South Africa

6 4~O Pathology 'Sectio«DISEASE".~ CAVSE Gumming disease: I Ii): Iliau i; Internal stalk necrosis Knife cut Leaf and sheath rot Leaf blight Leaf buckle Leaf burn Leaf fleck Lf!at' freckle Leaf scald Leafsplitting disease Leaf stipple Lightning injury Kamihomonas oaeeulorwm, (Cobb) Dows. Gnomonia iliau, Lyon Llmestonechlorosis. Iron deficiency Marasmius sheath arillshoot rot Marasmius plicatus, Wakker Oercospora taiwanensis, Mat. and Yam. Mechanical Physiological.Bacterium albilineans, Ashby Sphaerellf!, 8triatifor'ffl,a1'f,S, (Cobb) Delacroix Elemental M ardsmius stertopltyllua. Mont. COUNTRY Antigua, Australia, Barbados; British Honduras, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Guadeloupe, Madeira, Martinique, Mauritius, New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Re, union, St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia, St. Vincent Australia, Cuba, Hawaii, Philippines ~, United States Formosa, Hawaii, Mauritius Australia, Guam, Hawaii, Mauritius". Union of South Africa Philippines Formosa, Okinawa Australia, Hawaii, Mrica Fiji, Union Formosa, of South Australia, Formosa, GuanI, Hawaii, Philippines Hawaii, Union of South Africa Australia, Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, Union of South Mrica Australia, Fiji, Formosa, Ha waii, Java, Madagascar, Mauritius, Philippines, Beunion Fiji, Hawaii, Java Guam, Hawaii, Java, Union of South Africa, United Statea Australia, Hawaii, Mauritius, Puerto Rico, Union of South Africa Hawaii, Union of South Afrioe, United States

7 J. e.u arlin 4ltl IhsEASE Midrib blotch Moaa,ic Mottle stripe J\iuitipl~ buds Pah!1iabligb,t Pestalozzia leaf t spot Phyllosticta spot (leaf) Pineapple disease CAUSE Vir~ls Xarihomonas rubrisubalbicans, C.and E. Genetical Manganese deficienoy,.p e;talo'zziajuscescens,.. SOl'. val'. sacchari, Wakker Phyllosticta hawaiiensis, Caum (Phyll&~ti~tasorghina, Sacc.) (Phyllo~t~cta sacehari, Speg.) Ceratostomella paradoxa, (de Seynes) 'Dade;" l:ll!'i'i;' :1' COUNTEY Hawaii, Union of South Africa Andaman Islands, Angola, Antigua, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belgian Congo, British Guiana, British Honduras, Cameroons, China, Colombia, Costa.Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dutch Guiana, Egypt, EISalvadOl;, Fiji" 'FOrulOS~, G~enada;' 'tiiiade.loupe; Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indochina, Italy; Jamaica, Japan,, ) " Java, Kenya, Madagascar, 'Madelra, Malay States, Mar,~inique, Mexico, New Guinea, Okinawa, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Siam, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Thomas, Tanganyika, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, Union ofsouth Africa, United States, Venezuela Australia, Puerto Rico, Union,of South Africa, United States Hawaii, Union 'of South Africa, United'States Formosa, Hawaii, Samoa Cuba, India, Java, Mauritius, Philippines',,',," :!! ; : 1 ~'\: \ ' Hawaii; Philippines, Puerto Rico Antigua, Argentina; AustJalia, Barbados, Brazil, British _Guian~; British' :Itondtir~k, Colombia,Costll,:RfJll,,' Cuba, Dofuinican Republic, Egypt, :.!fiji",eormos<l<",(,l\la;deiollpi'l,

8 442 Pathology Section DISEASE CAUSE, COUNTRY Hawaii, India, Jamaica, Japan, Java, Madeira ~, Mauritius, Mexico, Okinawa, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Union of South Afri~a, United States, Venezuela Pokkah boeng Gibberella fujikuroi (Saw.) Wr. (Fusarium mooiliforme, Sheldon) (Gibberella monil-if01'me, Wineland) Andaman Islands, Angola, Antigua,,Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belgian Congo, Brazil, British Guiana,. British Honduras, Cameroons, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dutch Guiana, Egypt, Fiji, Formosa, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indochina, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Java, Kenya, Madagascar, Madeira? Malay States, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, New Guinea" Okinawa, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Samoa, Siam, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Thomas, Tanganyika,,Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Union of South Africa, United St1\tes, Venezuela Powdery mildew Et'ysiphe grflimi.m8, DC. Italy Ratoon chlorosis bon deficiency Australia,Hawaii R.atoon' stunting (Q. 28 disease) Virus Australia Red leaf spot (purple spot}. Ph'iosphae1'ia sac(',kari, (v. Breda de Haan) Went Cuba, Formosa,Java Red line disease F~u;a1'ium sp. Formosa

9 Red rot DISEASE Reel rot of leaf sheath Red spot ofieaf sheath Red stripe Rhizoctonia sheath and shoot rot Rhizoctonia s~la1ii,kuehn J.P. Martin OAUSE Physalospora tucufl1:anenais, (Went) Speg. Sclerotium rolfsi1:, Sacco Cercospora vaginae, Kruger Xanthomonus ruhrilineams, (Lee et all Starr and Burich. OOUNTRY 443 Angola, Antigua, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Brazil, British Guiana, British Honduras, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, EI Salvador, Guam, Fiji, Formosa, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Hawaii, India, Indochina, Jamaica, Japan, Java, Madagascar, Madeira, Malay States, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Okinawa, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Samoa, Siam, St. Kitts and Nevis.: St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Union of South Africa, United States Australia, Brazil, Cuba, Fiji, Formosa, India, Jamaica, Java, Mexico, Okinawa, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Union of South Africa, United States Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, British Guiana, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Formosa, Haiti, Hawaii?, Honduras, India, Indochina, Jamaica, Japan, Java, Mauritius, Mexico, Okinawa, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Siam, 'I'rinidad and Tobago, Union of South Afriba, United States Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Cuba, Formosa. Guam, Hawaii,. India, Indochina -?,. Java, Kenya, Mexico, Okinawa, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Uganda, Union of South Africa, United States United States

10 444: Pathology Section DISEASE: Rind, disease! ~:,' 01, t: ii I;,; I i l, :.:!: i.: I"U,I 'I,,:: Ring mosaic R.ing spot t :!li ;. I;:,.". 11.\'.: 11.!, :i,l II: Roo1JTots ~ 1.t i :!!.I " ;! 'V l CAUSE., '," -Pleocqta eaechari, :(M'ass) Petro and Syd. iii l.tl.l!~ "ill,' Virus I,,:' Leptosphaeriasacchari, v.,bredade Haan, Oorticium sp. Dictyopho1'a sp..ma1'asmius plicatu«, Wakker.M arasmiue.saechas», Wakker ";"";": COUNTRY.Andaman Islands, Angola,.: ~ntigua, Australia, Barbados,,,'::' Brazil, British Guiana; British Honduras, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Fiji, Formosa, G:uadeloupe, Haiti, Hawaii, India, Indochina,.1axnaica, Japan, Java, Madagascar, Malay States, Magrit~us, Mexico, Okinawa, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico,Reunion, St. Kitts and. Nevis, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Union of South Africa, United States Java, UnitedStates Andaman Islands, Angola; Antigua, Argentina, Australia,' Barbados, Belgian Congo, Brazil, British Guiana, British Honduras, China, Oolombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, -Dominioan Republic, Dutch ( Guiana, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Formosa, Guadeloupe, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indochina, Jamaica, Japan, Java; Kenya, Madagascar, Martinique,Mauritius,Mexico, Okinawa, Paraguay, Peru" Philippines, Puerto Rico,, Reunion, Samoa, Siam, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts and Nevis, 'I'anganyikac T'rinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Union of South Africa, United States, Venezuela,.::, :' Philippines Madagascar Java, Peru, Philippines Antigua,.Australia, Barbados,. British Gui.ana, Colombia,

11 :1,.,,>,i:, I;: DISEASE.', 80hizophyllum rot Scle:rospora disease Sclerotial disease Sclerotium disease (djamoer oepas) Sereh' OIpidium sp. Pythium spp. CAUSE Rh:tzoctonia spp. Puccinia kuehnii, (Krueger) Butler J.P. Martin Schizophyllum commune, Fr. Sclerospora sp. '? $clerotium sp. Scler:otium sp. Uhdetermined Sheath rot Oytospora sacchari, (Cythspora sheath Butler rot, stem canker) COUN'.l'RY Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Formosa, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Hawaii, India, Indochina, Jamaica, Java, Martinique, Mexico, Okinawa, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago, Union of South Africa Puerto Rico Australia, EI Salvador, Formosa, Hawaii, India, Java, Mauritius, Mexico, Philippines, Union of South Africa, United States Java, Mauritius, Puerto Rico, Union of South Africa Australia, China, Fiji, Formosa, India, Indochina, Japan, ' Java, Philippines, Union of South Africa Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Formosa, Haiti, Hawaii, India, Indochina, Japan, Java, Madagascar, Martinique, Mexico, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago; Union of South Africa, United.States Australia Australia; Formosa, Guam' Java Formosa, Java 445.Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Cuba,Formosa, India, Japan, Java, Mexico, Okinawa, Philippines, Puerto. Rico, Union. of South Africa, United States

12 446 Pathology Section / Smut DISEASE Sooty.mold Stellate-crystal fungus- Stem galls Stem rot Stinking rot CAUSE Ustilago scitaminea, Syd. Fumaqo (?) sacchari, Speg., Oapnodinm spp. Himaniia stellifem" Johnston BotTyodiplodia theobromae, Pat. Bacterium pyocyanenm saccharum, Desai COUNTRY Argentina, Belgian Congo, Brazil j, British Guiana, China, Egypt, Formosa, India, Indochina, Java" Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Okinawa, Paraguay, Philippines, Reunion, Siam, Union of South Africa Argentina, British Guiana, Cuba, Formosa, Hawaii, India, Indochina, Madagascar, Mauritius, Okinawa, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Uganda, Union, of South Africa, United. States Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, British Guiana, ' Cuba" Dominican Republic, Hawaii, Jamaica, Java, Madagascar; Puerto Rico, St. Croix, Trinidad and Tobago Cuba, Fiji, Formosa, Guam" Hawaii, Java, Mauritius, Philippines, Union of Soubh Africa Jamaica India Streak Tangle top (twisted top) Target blotch Vir~ls Mechanical Helmiauhoeporiusn. sp., Priede Egypt, India, Madagascar, Madeira" -Mauritius, Mozam- " bique, Reunion, Union of South Africa Australia, "Cuba, Formosa; Guam, Hawaii, India, Japan, Mauritius, Okinawa, Peru" Philippines, Union of South. Africa, United States Cuba, Union of South Africa Variegation, leaf and stalk White stripe Genetical Australia, Formosa, Hawaii, 'Union of South Africa United States

13 , ' r ]. P. Martin 447 DISEASE Wilt Witches' broom Yellow spot (leaf) Zonate leaf spot CAUSE Cephalosporium sacchari, Butler Aborted arrowing Cej'cospor:a kopkei, Kruger Gloeocercospora sorqh», B ande COUNTRY Argentina, Barbados, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, India, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Reunion, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Union of South Africa Australia Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Brazil, British Guiana, China. Colombia, Cuba, Formosa, India, Indochina, Java, New Guinea, Okinawa, Philippines, Reunion,Trinidad and Tobago, Union of. South Africa United States PART II The Cane Producing Countries of the World and thecane Diseases Occurring in Each Country. AFRICA. '\ Angola-; Mosaic, pokkahboeng, red rot, rind disease, ring spot. Belgian Congo: Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, ring spot, smut. Cameroons: Dry rot, eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng. Egypt: Eye spot, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, rind disease, ring spot, smut, streak. Kenya: Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, red stripe, ring spot. Mozambique: Brown stripe, eye spot, red rot, smut, streak. Sierra Leone: Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, ring spot. Tanganyika: Brown spot, eye spot, mosaic, pokkah, boeng, ring spot. Uganda: Brown spot, eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, red stripe, rind disease, :ring spot, sooty mold, wilt. Union of South Africa (Natal) : Arrow rot, banded chlorosis, brown spot, brown stripe.ibunch top, diplodia rot, eye spot, fusarium rot, gangrene, knife cut, leaf buckle, leaf fleck, leaf freckle, leaf stipple, lightning injury, limestone chlorosis, midrib blotch, mosaic, mottle stripe, multiple buds, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red tot, red rot of leafsheath, red spot of leaf sheath, red stripe, rinddisease,.ring spot, rootrot (Maraemius sp., Pythiumspp., Rhizoctoniasp.), rust, schizophyilum rot, smut, sooty mold, stem canker (see sheath rot), stem galls, streak, tangle top, target blotch, variegation (leaf and stalk), wilt, yellow spot,

14 ,,~---"" ~ 448 Pathology Section AMERICA, NORTH and CENTRAL. 'British Honduras: Eye spot, gumming, mosaic, phieapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, rind disease, ring spot. Costa Rica: Eye spot, mosaic, pineapple disease, ring spot. El Salvador; Mosaic, red rot, ring spot, root rot~pythi1 msp. H?nduras : Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, red spot-of leaf sheath, ring spot. Mexico: Brown spot, dry rot, eye spot" mosaie.vpineapple disease,pidkk.lth boeng, redrot, red rot ofleafsheath, red spot of-leaf sh,e,at.l'h red stripe, ri:p,d djs,~ltr>e, ring spot, root rot-ma1'asmius sp., Pythium sp. ~, sohizophyllum rot, sheath rot (cytospora), wilt.' ' " United States-Florida and Louisiana: JBanded chlorosis, black rot, brown spot, brown stripe, cephalosporium seed rot, chlorotic streak (Louisiana), eye spot (Florida only), iliau, leaf stipple, marasmius sheath and shoot rot, mosaic, mottle, stripe, multiple buds, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red rot of leaf sheatli, red spot of leaf sheath, red stripe, rhizoctonia sheath and shoot rot, rind disease, ring mosaic, ring spot, root rot-pythium sp., schizophyll~m,rqt;~hea~l.. rot (cytospora), sooty mold, tangle top, white stripe (fe~f\'~6nate l~~f spot.,,,', AMERICA, SOUTH. Argentina: Black leaf spot, brown spot, c~llar rot, eye spot, mosaic, pineapp~e disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spot of leaf sheath, red stripe, ring spot, scbizophyllum rot, sheath rot (oytospora), smut, sooty mold, stellate-crystal fungus, wilt, yellow leaf spot. ' i Brazil: Black rot, brown spot, dryrot, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng;ired rot, red rot of leaf sheath, red spot of leaf sheath, red stripe, rind disease, ring spot, schizophyllum rot, sheath rot, smut ~, stellate-crystal fungus, yellow spot. """,',, 'i.," ". :;;. British Guiana: Dry rot, eye spot, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spot of leaf sheath, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-ma1'asmiu,s sp., schizophyllum rot, smut, sooty mold, stellate-crystal fungus, yellow leaf spot. Colombia: Brown spot, eye spot, gumming, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spot of leaf sheath, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-ma1'asmiub sp., wilt, yellow leaf spot. Dutch. Guiana : Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, ring spot. Paraguay: Mosaic,.pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, rind disease, ring spot, root rot--matasmius sp., smut, sooty mold. Peru: Black rot, brown spot, eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spot ofleaf sheath, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-marasmius spp., sooty mold, tangle top, wilt. Venezuela: Brown spot, dry top rot, eye spot, mosaic, pineapple disease', pokkah.boeng, ring spot. " ASIA: ' " China: Baker's leaf spot, eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spot of leaf sheath, rind disease, ring spot, rust, smut, yellow leaf spot. ' ',"';!

15 ]. P. Martin 449 India: Banded chlorosis, banded sclerotial disease, black Ieafspot, black rot, brown spot, brown stripe j, bulaklak(bunga), collar,rot, (lawny mildew, dry rot, eye spot, mosaic, pestalozzia leaf spot, pineapple diseaseypoklcah boeng, red rot, red rot of leaf sheath, red spot of leaf sheath.. red stripe, rinddise~se"ringspot, root rot-c--.1i1amsmiu8 sp., Pythium sp., rust, schizophyllum rot, sheath rot (rytospora sheath rot, stem canker), smut, sooty mold, stinking rot, streak, striga (canekilling weed), tangle top, wilt, yellow spot. Indochina (French): Collar rot, dry rot, eye spot,mosaic, pokkah rboeng, red rot, red spot of leaf sheath, red stripe?, rind disease, ring spot; 'root. rclt~ Morasmiue sp., rust, schizophyllum rot, smut, sooty mold, yellowleaf spot. Japan: Banded chlorosis, brown stripe, downy mildew, eye' spot, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spot of leafsheath; rind idiseaae, ring spot, rust, schizophyllum rot, sheath rot (cytospora), tangle top? Malay States: Dry rot, eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, red rot,'l'iliddisease, 'Siam(Thailand) : Banded sclerotial leaf disease, downy' rriildew,ey'e spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spot ofleaf sheath, [:ing spot, SIWti~. I..!1 ';!' EUROPE. Italy: Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, powdery mildew. Madeira: Eye,spot, gumming, mosaic,' pineapple disease.i, pokkah boeng! 1 red rot, streak. Turkey: Chlorotic streak, mosaic. INDIAN OCEAN., Andaman Islands: Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, rind disease, ring spot. 'Java: Banded sclerotial leaf disease, black leaf spot, black rot, brownspot, bulaklak, chlorotic streak, dry rot, eye spot, leafscald, leaf splitting disease.teaf stipple,.mosaic, pestalozzia leaf spot, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red 'leaf spot, red rot, red rot of-leaf sheath, red spot ofleaf sheath,red stripe, rind disease, ring mosaic, ring spot, root rots-.lllamsmi1ts spp., Pyth1;'urn sp., Rhizocton'ia'sp,., rust, schizophyllum rot, sclerotium disease (djamoer oepas), sereh,sheath I;ot (oytospora), smut, stellate-crystal fungus, stem galls, yellow leaf spot. Madagascar : Brown spot" eye spot, leaf scald, mosaic, pokkah boeng, red rot, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-dictyophom sp., schizophyllum rot, smub; sooty mold, stellate-crystal f~ngus, 'streak, striga (cane-killing 'weed). Mauritius: Brown spot, bunch top, chlorotic streak, 'collar rot, eye spot, gumming, internal stalk necrosis, knife cut, leaf scald; lightning injury, pestalozzia leaf spot, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spotofieaf sheath, rind disease, ring 'spot, root rot-pythiurn spp., Rhizoctonia spp., smut, sooty mold, stem galls, streak, tangle top.. Reunion : Brown spot, eye spot, gumming, leaf scald, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, ~ed rot, red spot of leaf sheath, rind disease.' 'ring! spot, smut, streak,wilt, yellow leaf spot. ;: I,;'.iI

16 -,i' ~.1,\ -450 Pathology Section... PACIFIC OCEAN. Australia: Banded chlorosis (cold chlorosis), banded sclerotial disease, brow-n stripe, cane-killing weed, chlorotic streak, cluster stool, downy mildew, droopy top, dwarf disease, eye spot, Fiji disease, gumming, iliau, knife cut, leaf buckle, leaf burn, leaf freckle, leaf scald, lightning injury, mosaic, mottle stripe, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, ratoon chlorosis, ratoon stunting (Q. 28 disease), red rot, red rot of leaf sheath, redstripe, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-marasml:1ls sp., Pythium sp., rust, sclerospora disease, sclerotial disease, tangle top, variegation (leaf and stalk), witches' broom....";' Fiji:' Chldrdticl st;re~i{;'clowny'milde~; eyespot, Fiji disease, gumming, leaf h\1'ckle, leaf 'freckle, leaf-scald, h~afisplittiilg disease,mosaic, pineapple disease, pbkka;lj:i botlng; recr~6tj redrot of leafsheath, rind disease, ring spot, root 'rot Maras'Hiiu&sp;,'rust,stem galls. : \.<: './'.'~,0: ~ 0:"I : f, i,: "": :;,.,"" ", ': ', :;',",.,..,,;, :]1'or-W?l~.~:', Bil,nd~'~i {jltl?rcjsis (cold or sectional chlorosis), banded sclerotial leaf disease, black rot, brown stripe, bunga, chlo~otic streak, downy mildew, eye spot, internal stalk necrosis,.leaf blight, leaf buckle, leaf burn, leaf scald,.mosaic, pa~ftl3; IM~I~t, ;piiieappled_i ~asei,pokkahboeng,purplespot (red leaf spot), red lineldis~asie;":hklrot,' r~a.'.rbt of leaf sheath, red spot of leaf sheath, red stripe, rind diseds'~,i'h'tigspbt,root roi--marasmiu,s sp., Pythium sp., rust, schizophyllum FQ.t,. sclerotial disease, sereh,,sheath rot,(cytospora), smut, sooty mold, stem galls, tangle :to:p;;~twistedtop),!variegation (leaf and stalk), yellow leaf spot.. Guam : Chlo~bticl~af blotch, knife cut, leaf burn, leaf freckle, leaf stipple, liokka;h boeng~red liot;'yed'stripe, sclerotial disease, stem galls', tangle top:. ""'Hawaii: Banded"/dhlorosis, brown stripe, bunch top, chlorotic leaf-blotch, chlorotic stl'eak;eye spot,iliau, internal stalk necrosis, knife cut, leaf Huckle, leaf burn, leaf fleck, leaf freckle, leaf scald, leaf splitting disease, leaf stipple, lightning injury, limestone chlorosis, midrib blotch, mosaic, multiple buds, pahala 1>light (Mn deficiency), 'phyllosticte spot; pineapple disease,pokkahboeng,ratoon cohlorosis, redrnt, red spot o lefj,felhyath t fed stripe, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-marasmius, sp., Pythium sp.,' schizophyllum rot, sooty mold, stellate-crystal fungus, stem galls, tangle top, variegation (leaf and stalk). New Britain : Fiji disease. NC1\; Caledonia: FijI disease. i' 'New G'riine~: ])ownyinildew,eye spot, Fiji disease, gumming, mosaic, pokkah h6efjg,' 'yellow leaf spot.. i,... (jkin~'w~'(ii'y~k#): B~nded chlorosis (sectional), banded sclerot.ialdisease, [ '.'.,. :....,.. eye sp?t;'le~fblight,.mosaic,pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red rot of If)afs1\.'e,ath~'~edspotoflC;Jafsheath,red stripe, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-c.li1drq'~inii/'~ sp., she~th rot (cytospora), smut, sooty mold, tangle top,yellow spot.,::,~': i::f<::;,;;~~ ;. ~:;.,:,,",,.Philippines : : Bacterial stem rot, Baker's leaf spot, banded sclerotial leaf disease, black Ieaf spot, brown spot, bunga,collar rot, culm and midrib rot, downy Irlilqew, d~y iot,~rg9t '?'. e:y9 spot,fiji disease,.iliaui, leaf and sheath rot, leaf bur'n, le~f 'scaici, m'o~aic, 'pestrtlozzia leaf spot, phyllosticta spot, pineapple disease, t' 1 :!ox' ~:, "~' ~ :,_:"" -', ~,! :";,' 'I!~t;,:;.iL(;!' ".:,.,',.j ';,

17 j. P. Martin 451' pokkah boeng, red rot, red rot of leaf sheath, red spobof'-ieaf sheath, red stripe, rind disease, ring spot; root rot-corticium sp., Marasmius spp., Pythium sp., rust, schizophyllum rot, sheath rot (cytospora)"smu~,so?~:y:mold,,~terp, galls, tangle top, wilt, yellow spot. Samoa: Brown stripe, chlorotic streak? fw~t~seas((,p1th(l,la,svght'(m~~\d~':.' ficiency), pokkah boeng, reel rot, ring spot. Solomon Islands: Fiji disease. " -(.. WEST INDIES. \,- : /' '.'.. ' Antigua: Eye spot, gumming, mosaic, pineapple'disease;.pokkah 'boeng"'red. rot, rind disease, rilig spot, root rot-marasmius sp -'.., I I' Barbados: Dry rot, dry top rot, eye spot, gumming, mosaicj-pineapple.disease, pok~ah boeng, red rot, red spot of leafsheath, rindct.isea,s~, ripgsp?t,}()dt 'rbt:-:-, MaTasmi1tS sp., sheath rot (cytospora),~tellate~qryfltilil,juilg~ui,,~.~lt.l,xen(rw;, le;ljf' spot. Cuba: Banded chlorosis (cold chlorosis), brown spot, brownstripe,c1ryro ; eye spot, iliau, mosaic, pestalozzia leaf spot, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red leaf spot, red rot, red tot of leaf sheath, red spot of leaf sheath, red stripe, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-marasmi7u3sp., schizophyllum r()t, sheath rot (cytospora), sooty mold, stellate-crystal fungus, stem galls, tangle top, targ,et blotch, yellow leaf spot. Dominican Republic : Black rot, brown. stripe, dry, rot, eye: spot, gumming, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spotofleafsheath, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-matasmius sp., schizophyllum rot, stellate-crystal fungus, wilt..'. Grenada: Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, root rot-marasmius sp. Guadeloupe: Eye spot, gumming, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkahboeng, red rot, rind disease, ring spot, root Tot-MaTasmiu8sp., '~vilt: Haiti: Eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng, redrot, red 'spot: of'teaf:sheath,tind disease, root rot-matasmius sp., schizophyllum rot. '. ' Jamaica : Banded chlorosis, eye spot, mosaic,:phlei~iple;aisease,po~(k'~~ boeng, red rot, red rot of leaf sheath, red spot of leafsh~ath~rind.cii~!~~se,dng;s'p6,t; root rot-marasmius sp., stellate-crystal fungus, stem t;pt:.", I.", "-':. -'-.,..,'". ::-~_". \. i:- """',,, "'J,,;. ':! q. \' Martinique: Eye spot, gumming,mo~aic,po4'ka.h"bgeilg,~ing:s'ppp,rpot J9'~i~ Morasmiu«sp., schizophyllumrot..;,;, u',);::jjr "I"J,i'.,'",'H.,;;: ;V" Puerto Rico : Brown spot, brown stripe, chlorotic streak, diplodia dry rot, dry rot,dry top rot, eye spot, gumming, lightning injury, mosaic, mottle stripe, phyllosticta leaf spot, pineapple disease,pokkah boeng, red rot, red rot of leaf sheath, red spot of leaf sheath, red stripe, rind disease, ring spot, root rot Moraemiu«sp:, Olpidium sp., Rhizoctoniaspp., schizophyllum rot, sheath rot (cytospora), sooty mold, stellate-crystal fungus. St. Croix: Stellate-crystal fungus, St. Kitts and Nevis: Eye spot, gumming, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, rind disease, ring spot, root rot-marasmiu8 sj>.

18 452 Pathology Section St. Lucia: ;Eye spot, gumming, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkahboeng, red rot, rind disease.iroot, r'ot--c-maras1ni1ts sp. St. Thomas: Dry rot, eye spot, mosaic, pokkah boeng. St.Vlriceiit: 'atimmiiig; 'root rot--marasmi1'/'s sp. Trinidad and Tobago: Brown spot, dry rot, eye spot, mosaic, pineapple disease, pokkah boeng, red rot, red spot of leaf sheath, rind disease, ring spot, root rot Marasmiu,s sp., schizophyllum rot, stellate-crystal 'fungus, wilt, yellow leaf spot. DISCUSSION -Tn presenting.the paper, the author said.that. the list was, of necessity, incomplete,since it was, difficult tog~t aoourate information from many countries. In addition, some diseases were Imown under different namea, as' for instance smut and chlorotic streak. Afters6inedisi:mssr6n iiwa~ decided on the motion of Mr. Martin, seconded by Mr. Robinson, ' to submit a motion to the Resolutions Committee for the setting up ofan LS.S.O.T. sub-committee to maintain a reference list of all sugar-cane diseases,, Mr. Gard moved that Mr. Martin should be: Chairman' of ~he' aub-eommit.tco' in the event of the resolution being accepted by Congress. SeeondedbyDr,,Hes and carried. It. was desired that the Chairman should forward copies of this list, to the,pathologist.named' in each country with a request that that worker should keep i,he>l:;hairnian informed ofany changes in the status ofthe various diseases either in his own country 0;1' t.hoothor eonntries.wibhinhis region., Mr. Hughes, said:that: :the list would be, thestandard reference for cane diseases for use in alleugur-canc countries. Eventually the list might be made fully annotated, which would add considerably to its value.'.,mr. Robinson said that.there were at.the moment only two reference works on sugar-cane diseases, those by Bell and, Martin. To this, Mr. Martin added that Stevenson and Rands had also made'a valuable'co:dttibution by their list published in the Hawaiian Planters Record in I Dl:' Heasuggested th'at Dlltch and Spanish names be added to the proposed list, to which Mr. Martin agreed. ' The paper by T.', ;1.'. Robinson, Paper A:REP9RT ON SUGAR-CANE DISEASES IN TAIWAN ; ; 'i, La on cane diseases in Taiwan was presented by Mr. T. T.Lo Ta,il1n:n 81.t;ju-r Experiment Station; PingtunJ Station, Pingt'ung,Taiwan t.: More than t.hirty sugar-cane diseases have been reported in "I'aiwan. Among tfiese'ii1osai~~red rot and Cytospora sheath disease cause constant losses every year, while:chlj-i-bti'c streak, pineapple disease, red spot of the leaf sheath, downy mildew rl,hd Sl'lve't\M leaf b1ad~ 'diseases such as eye spot, brown stripe, red leaf spot and leaf blight~re'ocb:i,sioria;}jyse'l"ious in some districts, The root parasites, Bungs and Mara~in"iiL'i occur in: ibehia'in regions, with the former the more serious of the two. Early in, the 1949 season, a light frost in:the central part of this province injured the leaves of young cane plants especially in P.O.J However, this is rare in, this i~jlj.ml Scle.r:Qticdjsea,~e"occursi.:\1F.108. and some of the P.T, (Pingbung) varieties in certain pota'8siu~1,~~fieie:oeyboils,an.d,ringspot,banded sclerotial disease and red