Weed Alerts! Joe DiTomaso UC Davis

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Tracey Morton
5 years ago
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1 Weed Alerts! 2009 Joe DiTomaso UC Davis

2 Aquatics

3 Smooth frogbit or South American spongeplant Limnobium laevigatum

Smooth frogbit or West Indian spongeplant (Limnobium laevigatum) Hydrocharitaceae Native to tropical and subtropical Central and South America Reported by Pat Akers and Mary McClanahan First

4 Smooth frogbit or West Indian spongeplant (Limnobium laevigatum) Hydrocharitaceae Native to tropical and subtropical Central and South America Reported by Pat Akers and Mary McClanahan First infestation in Redding (2002). August 2007, scattered patches along miles of the San Joaquin River in Fresno. Later in 2007 it appeared in the Sacramento Delta. February 2008, another infestation near the Kings River southeast of Fresno. New location

5 Redding infestation

6 Wakame or Japanese kelp Undaria pinnatifida

7 Wakame or Japanese kelp (Undaria pinnatifida) Native to Southeast Asia and Japan Reported by Ted Grosholz and Chela Zabin. Also was a 2002 Weed Alert. Used for food in Japan Was in southern Calif and Monterey for years with no change in distribution, now moving northward quickly and has been found in several locations in the SF Bay. Ted indicated this is the most significant marine algal invasion since Caulerpa.

8 Perennial grasses

9 Reed canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea

Poaceae Native to Europe Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) Reported by Athena Demetry Not yet included in Cal-IPC inventory Considered native to California,

10 Poaceae Native to Europe Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) Reported by Athena Demetry Not yet included in Cal-IPC inventory Considered native to California, but undoubtedly the European biotypes are present and hybridizing with the natives. Managed extensively in other NW and northern states. Spreading in Sierra Nevada.

Continental-scale genetic variation occurring in reed canarygrass European range has been reshuffled and recombined within North American introduced populations, giving rise to a number of novel

11 Continental-scale genetic variation occurring in reed canarygrass European range has been reshuffled and recombined within North American introduced populations, giving rise to a number of novel genotypes. Reed canarygrass had higher genetic diversity and heritable phenotypic variation in its invasive range relative to its native range. The resulting high evolutionary potential of invasive populations allowed for rapid selection of genotypes with higher vegetative colonization ability and phenotypic plasticity.

12 Lavergne, S. and J. Molofsky PNAS 104:

13 Hairy oatgrass Danthonia pilosa

in northern California, becoming dominant in coastal terrace prairie and

14 Hairy wallabygrass, hairy oatgrass (Danthonia pilosa, =Rytidosperma pilosum) Poaceae Reported by Tim Hyland and Peter Warner Native to Australia Mainly in northern California, becoming dominant in coastal terrace prairie and upland grasslands of coastal counties. Competing with native Danthonia californica.

15 Broadleaf species

16 Glasswort Salsola soda

17 Glasswort (Salsola soda) Chenopodiaceae Reported by Sarah Estrella Native to southern Europe Populations hand pulled in Suisun Marsh for years. This summer it expanded dramatically, covering over 2 acres. Displacing native Salicornia (pickleweed)

18 Watsonia Watsonia meriana

Watsonia (Watsonia meriana, =Watsonia bulbillifera) Iridaceae Reported by Peter Warner Native to South Africa Continues to spread north and south, with

19 Watsonia (Watsonia meriana, =Watsonia bulbillifera) Iridaceae Reported by Peter Warner Native to South Africa Continues to spread north and south, with patches coalescing and spreading into marshes, woodlands, grasslands adjacent to roads. Primarily in Sonoma and Mendocino counties, and probably further north.

20 Rosy sandcrocus Romulea rosea var. australis

21 Rosy sandcrocus (Romulea rosea var. australis) Iridaceae Reported by Peter Warner Native to South Africa Appeared for years to be restricted to disturbed areas and roads in Central Coast. Now large populations in coastal and interior grasslands have been found in Sonoma County.

22 Other species reported from many others Species Common name Family Location Reported b y Acer palmatum Japanese maple Aceraceae Carmel Cheryl McCormick Rote Rhus lancea African sumac Anacardiaceae San Diego Larry Hendrickson Dittrichia graveolens Stinkwort Asteraceae Bay Area Andrea Williams, Tracy Cline, Bob Neale, and Tim Hyland (2004 WA) Senecio quadridentatus (=Erechtites quadridentatus) Erigeron karvinskianus Symphyotrichum subulatum Cotton fireweed Asteraceae Santa Barbara Latin American fleabane Wayne Chapman Asteraceae Bay Area Andrea Willliams Saltmarsh aster Asteraceae Suisun City David Keil Calendula arvensis Field marigold Asteraceae Bay Area Tim Hyland Carthamus lanatus Woolly distaff thistle Asteraceae SLO coast Tim Hyland (2004 WA) Crupina vulgaris Common crupina Asteraceae Sonoma Peter Warner

23 Other species reported from many others Species Common name Family Location Reported b y Gazania linearis Treasureflower Asteraceae SF, Ft. Ord Susan Hubbard, Jo Kitz (2008 WA) Picris echioides Bristly oxtongue Asteraceae Central Valley Conium maculatum Poison hemlock Apiaceae Russian River John Anderson Victoria Wikle Cynoglossum officinale Houndstongue Boraginaceae Lassen Co. Alan Uchida (2002 WA) Malcolmia africana African mustard Brassicaceae Nevada Ann Howald (2008 WA) Lobularia maritima Sweet alyssum Brassicaceae Sonoma, Mendocino cos., SF Peter Warner Catalpa speciosa Northern catalpa Bignoniaceae San Joaquin River Maytenus boaria Mayten Celastraceae East Bay, GGNRA Euphorbia oblonata Oblong spurge Euphorbiaceae Santa Cruz, Sonoma, Napa cos. Mary McClanahan Roy Leggitt (1997 WA) Peter Warner, Tim Hyland (2001 WA) Euphorbia terracina Carnation spurge Euphorbiaceae LA Co. Tim Hyland

24 Other species reported from many others Species Lathyrus latifolia Common name Everlasting peavine Family Location Reported b y Fabaceae North Coast range Lathyrus tingitanus Tangier pea Fabaceae North Coast range Melilotus albus Crocosmia x crocosmiflora White sweetclover Crocosmia, montbretia Fabaceae Eastern Sierra Nevada Peter Warner Peter Warner Sue Weis Iridaceae Marin Co. Robert Katz Iris foetidissima Stinking iris Iridaceae East Bay Barbara Ertter Kniphofia uvaria Redhot poker Liliaceae Sonoma, Mendocino coast Ficus carica Fig Moraceae San Joaquin River Peter Warner Mary McClanahan Passiflora tarminiana Banana poka Passifloraceae SF Jennifer Erskine Ogden (2004 WA) Phytolacca americana Pokeweed Phytolaccaceae Napa Co. Chris Sauer Muehlenbeckia complexa Maidenhair vine Polygonaceae Mendocino coast Bill Maslach

25 Other species reported from many others Species Brachypodium sylvaticum Ehrharta erecta Nassella manicata (=N. formicarum) Nassella tenuissima Puccinellia distans? Common name Slender false brome Erect veldtgrass Tropical needlegrass Mexican needlegrass Weeping alkaligrass Family Location Reported b y Poaceae Santa Cruz? Steven Daniel (2003 WA) Poaceae Central coast Tim Hyland Poaceae Sonoma coast Peter Warner Poaceae Topanga St. Beach Michael O Brien and Sally Davis (2000, 2004, and 2005 WA) Poaceae SF Ingrid Hogle Acaena novae zelandiae Biddy biddy Rosaceae Sonoma Coast Tim Hyland Rubus hybrid Blackberry Rosaceae Putah Ck, Yolo Co. Rich Maravich Kickxia elatine Fluvellin Scrophulariaceae Central Valley John Anderson Centranthus ruber Red valerian Valerianaceae Bay Area Andrea Williams

Plant Identification. California Natives and Exotic Weeds

Plant Identification. California Natives and Exotic Weeds Plant Identification California Natives and Exotic Weeds Powerpoint Presentation and Photographs by Barbara Eisenstein, May 2003 To identify plants use some of your senses (and your common sense): e):