Taxonomic revision of Piuus L. in Egypt

Transcription

1 Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research ISSN Volume : 07 Issue : 04 Oct.Dec. 08 Pages:68870 Taxonomic revision of Piuus L. in Egypt Fatema S. Mohamed Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department, Horticulture Research Institute, ARC., Giza, Egypt. Received: 0 Oct. 08 / Accepted 0 Dec. 08 / Publication date: 4 Dec. 08 ABSTRACT This study includes taxonomic revision, documentation, description and distribution of Pinus species cultivated in Egypt. Fresh specimens were collected from three gardens; The Agricultural Museum, ElOrman and the Zoo Gardens. Seven species and one variety were collected, identified, described and compared with the specimens in the herbarium of Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department (CAIM). Three new species and one variety were deposited in the herbarium namely; P. brutia Ten., P. brutia Ten. var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba., P. canariensis C. Smith and P. sylvestris L. Herbarium specimens were examined and photographed to help in establishing database information and to be available for the taxonomic researchers to further study of this genus. This study showed the importance of morphological traits for taxonomic evaluation among the studied taxa of Pinus in Egypt. Moreover a constructed key to Pinus species is provided. Keywords: Pinaceae, Pinus, Resinous trees, Coniferous Introduction The family Pinaceae is trees or shrubs, including many of the wellknown conifers of commercial importance contains genera and 0 species (Farjon 998). According to the characters of cone and seed, Pinaceae are divided into four subfamilies; Pinoideae, Piceoideae, Laricoideae and Abietoideae (Frankis 989 and Farjon 990). Among Coniferous the pines constitute by far the most important group regarding either from the point of view of number of species or that of economic value (Bean 9). The true pines are evergreen resin yielding trees belonging to the tribe Abietineae. Pines widely distributed in the northern hemisphere from the limit of tree growth on the plains of North America to the subtropical region of North Africa. Many pines yield timber of economic importance which is used for innumerable purposes. Several species yield an oleo resin which by distillation produce turpentine and resin (Dallimore and Jackson9). Pinus L. is the largest genus of gymnosperms including more than 0 species (Little & Critchfield, 969; Farjon & Styles, 997; Debreczy & Rácz, 0). Pinus L. is composed of two subgenera, Strobus (D.Don) Lemmon and Pinus (Little & Critchfield, 969; Gernandt et al., 005), both of which have limited distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, except for one species of subgenus Pinus (Little & Critchfield, 969; Farjon & Styles, 997; Price et al., 998; Debreczy & Rácz, 0). Pinus L. appeared no later than the early Cretaceous, as indicated by the occurrences of P. belgica (Alvin 960) and P. yorkshirensis (Ryberg et al., 0) in deposits of this period. Fossil ovulate cones of Pinus are found abundantly in deposits younger than the early Cretaceous (Miki 957, A xelrod 986, Mai 986 and Yamada et al., 04). There have been many attempts to reconstruct the phylogeny of Pinaceae, including fossil Pinus spp., defined by their ovulate cone features (Smith & Stockey 00,Gernandt et al., 0, Ryberg et al., 0 and Smith et al., 07). Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gernandt et al., 005). Subgenus Strobus is subdivided into three sections Parrya Mayr, Quinquefoliae Duhamel and Trifoliae Duhamel. Section Mayr is composed of subsections Nelsoniae van den Burgh, Balfourianae Engelm. and Cembroides Engelm. Section Quinquefoliae Duhamel is composed of subsections Gerardianae Loud., Krempfianae Little & Critchfield and Strobus Loud. Subgenus Pinus is subdivided into section Pinus which is composed of subsections Pinaster Loud. and Pinus. Section Trifoliae Duhamel is composed of subsections Australes Loud., Ponderosae Loud. and Contortae Little & Critchfield. Corresponding Author: Fatema S. Mohamed, Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department, Horticulture Research Institute, ARC., Giza, Egypt

2 The aim of this study was to carry out a taxonomic revision of genus Pinus L. in Egypt and construct a more recent identification key for the studied taxa. Materials and Methods The present study includes eight taxa of Pinus L. collected fresh from three gardens in Egypt as shown in (Table ). The taxa were identified by means of comparison with authentic specimens kept in the herbarium of the Flora and Phytotaxonomy Research Department (CAIM) In addition to botanical keys of Bailey (949), Zohary (966), Davis (975), Humphries (98) and Thompson (99). Table : The occurrence of studied taxa in the major gardens of Giza. Taxa ElOrman Garden Museum Garden P. brutia Ten. P. brutia Ten. var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba. P. canariensis C. Smith P. densiflora Sieb. & Zuce. P. halepensis Miller P. pinea L. P. roxburghii Sarg. P. sylvestris L. = Present, = Absent Zoo Garden The herbarium specimens were examined, photographed and kept in the herbarium of the Flora and Phytotaxonomy Research Department (CAIM). The morphological characters of collected specimens of studied taxa were studied. The relationship between the studied taxa has been analyzed using Average Linkage (Between Groups) of SPSS programme. Results I Systematic position of Pinus L. in the system of A. Engler according to Melchior and Werdermann (954). Kingdom: Plantae (Plants) Division: Gymnospermae Class: Coniferopsida Order: Coniferae Family: Pinaceae SubFamily: Pinoideae Genus: Pinus L. II Systematic position of studied taxa in Pinus L. according to Farjon (998). The studied taxa are belonging to two subsections as shown in Table (). Table : Infrageneric classification of studied taxa in Pinus L. according to Farjon (998). Subgenus Section Subsection Species Pinus P. sylvestris and P. densiflora Pinus Pinus Pinaster Mayr ex P. brutia, P. halepensis, P. canariensis, P. pinea and P. Koehne roxburghii 689

3 III Description of the genus Pinus L. Sp. Pl :000 (75); Gen Pl. ed. 5. (75); Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 44, (754). Bailey 949, p. 9; Zohary 966, p. 54; Davis 975, p. 7; Humphries 98, p.74 ; Thompson 99, p Ever green tree. Winter buds covered with imbricate scales. Leaves of two kinds, the primary fascicles of 5 surrounded at base by sheaths of bud scales. Staminate flowers axillary, clustered at base of young shoots, catkin like yellow enlarged and scale like at apex. Pistillate flower lateral or subterminal, greenish or purplish of numerous spirally arranged scales in the axils of small bracts, each bearing ovules inside. Cones sub globose to cylindrical with woody imprecated persistent scales. The exposed part of scales called apophysis. The Plant List compiled by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accepts 6 species names of pines as current, together with 5 unresolved species and many more synonyms. IV Key to the studied Pinus species: A Leaves in fascicles of. B Leaves 0 0 cm long, seed mm long, wing 5 x 4 5 mm. P. canariensis BB Leaves more than 0 cm long, seed 7 8 mm long, 78 x 78 mm. 6.P. roxburghii AA Leaves in fascicles of. C Seed cm, wing 4 6 mm long. 5 P. pinea CC Seed shorter than cm, wing longer than 6 mm D Cones 5 cm long, seed 5 mm long. E Leaves.5 5 cm long...7 P. sylvestris EE Leaves 8 cm long. P. densiflora DD Cones 6 cm long, seed 7 8 mm long. F Branches twisted, bark smooth, silvery gray, leaves 6cm long P. halepensis FF Branch straight, bark deeply fissured, orange red, leaves 06cm long. P. brutia V Description of the studied taxa: P. brutia Ten., Prodr. Fl. Nap., :57 (8);. Davis 975, p. 74; Humphries 98, p.84. Syn: P. pityusa Stev., In Bull. Soc. Nat. Masc. :49 (88). Common name: Calabrian Pine or Turkish pine. Tree with straight trunk and branches up to 5 m. high. Comus diffuse. Bark orangered. Twigs glabrous, usually reddish in the first year becoming grayish brown. Buds non resinous, the scales recurved and fimbriate. Leaves 0 6 cm long and.5 mm wide, light green. Cones erect or ascending, 6 cm x 4 5 cm, oblong conical, usually more than borne together, scales with depression containing the umbo peduncles very short whorled ascending oblong conical. Seed 7 8 mm long, with a 5 0 mm wing mainly winddispersed. Distribution: Native to the eastern Mediterranean region. The bulk of its range is in Turkey, but it also extends to southeasternmost Bulgaria, the East Aegean Islands of Aegean Sea, Crete, the Crimea, Iran, Georgia, Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, western Syria, northwest Jordan, Lebanon, and Cyprus. Introduced from Syria to Egypt and cultivated in El Orman garden. El Orman Garden, 9 06, Fatema Sami 0(CAIM). 690

4 P. brutia Ten. var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba., Phytologia 58: 67 (985).. Syn: P. eldarica Medw., Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 6 (): (90). The leaves slender, mostly 09 cm long, bright green to slightly yellowish green. The cones are stout, pendulous, heavy and hard. Distribution: Native to southern Russia, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Endemic to Azerbaijan, the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot, occurring in Azerbaijan and Georgia. Introduced from Syria to Egypt and cultivated in El Orman garden. El Orman Garden, 9 06, Fatema Sami 0 (CAIM). P. canariensis C. Smith, Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. 59 (88). Bailey 949, p. 9; Humphries 98, p.84. Common name: Canary Pine. Tree up to 80 feet. The trunk and branches with scattered short leafy branchlets. Bark reddish slightly fissured. Winter buds with reflexed white fringed scales. Leaves in fascicles of, slender and drooping 0 0 cm long, minutely serrulate light green and lustrous. The persistence sheath about cm. long. Cone cylindrical ovoid, 0 cm long brown and glossy, short stalked, scales broad pyramidal with dorsal obtuse umbo. The seeds are shiny blackish brown above, mattgrey below, 5 67 mm with a wing 55 0 mm, buff to reddish with numerous wavy dark brown streaks. Distribution: Native and endemic to Canary Islands of Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma, Hierro and Gomera. The species is locally naturalized in USA: California and other many countries. Cultivated in ElOrman, the Zoo and the Museum gardens in Giza, Egypt. El Orman Garden, 9 06, Fatema Sami0(CAIM); Agricultural Museum Garden, 07, Fatema Sami 0(CAIM); Zoo Garden, , Fatema Sami 99(CAIM). P. densiflora Sieb. & Zuce., Fl. Jap. (): (84); Bailey 949, p. 9. Syns.: Pinus densiflora var. aurea Mayr, Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 9 ((890). Pinus densiflora var. funebris (Kom.) Liou & Q.L. Wang, Fl. Lign. Pl. N. E. China 548 (958). Common name: Red pine. Tree up to 5 m with horizontal branches forming an irregular rather broad head. Bark scaly, orangered. The young branches orangeyellow and bloomy. Buds cylindrical. Leaves in fascicles of, slender and bright bluish green, 8 cm long, minutely serrulate, the persistence sheath cm. long ending in long points. Cones conical about 5 cm long, short stalked, deciduous, dehiscent. Scales thin with small dorsal umbo sometimes with a prickle. Seed grayish yellow, about 0.5 cm. long with wing. cm. long. Distribution: Japan, the Korean Peninsula, northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong) and the extreme southeast of Russia (southern Primorsky Krai). Introduced by Siebold from Japan to Europe in 854. Found in Burg el Arab, Egypt. Burg el Arab, , M. Drar (CAIM). 4 P. halepensis Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8 8 (768); Boiss., Fl. 5: 695 (884); Bailey 949, p. 9; Zohary 966, p. 8; Davis 975, p. 75; Humphries 98, p. 84. Syns: P. halepensis var. abasica (Carrière) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif. ed., : 507 (867). 69

5 Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe, Bergens Mus. Skr. II, (): 9 (94). Pinus halepesis var. brutia (Ten.) A. Henry, Trees Great Britain 5: 00 (90). Common name: Aleppo pine. A stout tree, rarely exceeding 0 m high with twisted branches. Bark smooth, silvery grey and shining at first becoming reddish brown, fissured and scaly on old boles. Shoots greyglucose remaining grey for many years but eventually becoming green. Winter buds conical 8 mm long with fringed scales and often reflexed at the tips. Leaves 6 5 cm long and 0.7 mm wide, in pairs, slender on thick peduncles, clear, green, curved, twisted above with minutely toothed margins and a short horny apex, 8 sub marginal or central resin canals. Cones 5 x 4 cm. ovate conical solitary or in groups of spreading or deflexed, reddish on thick scaly peduncles up to cm long, the scales are shiny.5 cm long, the exposed part is convex. Seed oblong 7mm long. Wing up to cm long. Distribution: Native to the Mediterranean region. Its range extends from Morocco, Algeria and Spain, north to southern France, Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, and east to Greece, all over Malta and northern Tunisia, with an outlying population in Syria (from which it was first described), Lebanon, southern Turkey, Jordan, and Palestin. Cultivated in ElOrman and the Museum gardens in Giza, Egypt. Kafr Hakim,.5.97, Simpson 497(CAIM); Giza, , Simpson 4950 (CAIM); Burg el Arab, , M. Abdalla (CAIM); Agricultural Museum Garden, 5..95, M. Abdalla (CAIM); Agricultural Museum Garden, , F. Saad (CAIM); El Orman, 0..05, Fatema Sami, 0 (CAIM); El Orman, 9 06, Fatema Sami, 04 (CAIM). 5 P. pinea L. Sp. Pl. 000 (75); Bailey 949, p. 9; Davis 975, p.75; Humphries 98, p.84. Syn: P. pinea var. maderiensis (Ten.) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif. ed., : 457 (867). Common name: Stone pine. A stout tree up to 0 m high. Comus hemispherical, lower branches horizontal. Bark reddish grey with deep longitudinal fissures. Twigs glabrous, grayish green becoming brown at maturity. Winter bud 0.5. cm long with reflexed scales. Leaves 0 0 cm long and. mm wide, in pairs, slightly twisted, acute with stomatic lines on the outer surface and 6 stomatic lines on the inner surface. Resin canals marginal. Cones 8 4 x 0 cm, the exposed part of the scale weakly pyramidal, solitary or twin nearly sessile, horizontal or angled. Seed.5 x 0.7. cm, with a powdery black coating that rubs off easily, wing 4 mm. Distribution: Native to the Mediterranean region, occurring in Southern Europe, Lebanon and Syria. It is also naturalized in North Africa, the Canary Islands, South Africa and New South Wales. The species was introduced into North Africa millennia ago, such a long time that it is essentially indistinguishable from being native. Cultivated in ElOrman, The Zoo and the Museum gardens in Giza, Egypt. Agricultural Museum Garden,..95, M. Abdalla (CAIM); El Orman Garden, , Fatema Sami 05 (CAIM); Agricultural Museum Garden,.. 07, Fatema Sami (CAIM); Zoo Garden, , Fatema Sami 9 (CAIM). 6 Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Silva N. Amer. : 9 (897). Syn: Pinus longifolia Roxb. ex Lamb. Descr. Pinus : 9 (80). Trees up to 55 m high. Bark dark redbrown, thick, deeply and longitudinally fissured, scaly. Winter buds brown, small, ovoid, not resinous. Leaves per bundle, yellowish green, slender, flabellatetriangular in cross section, 55 cm long and.5 mm wide, resin canals, median, base with persistent sheath of cm long. Cones shortly pedunculate, ovoid, cm Seed oblong, 69

6 thick, stiff; apophyses strongly swollen, conspicuously transversely ridged; umbo triangular, protruding. Seeds 89 mm long; wing cm long. Distribution: Native to the Himalayas, and was named after William Roxburgh. Native range extends from Tibet and Afghanistan through Pakistan, across northern India in Jammu and Kashmir, Nepal and Bhutan. It generally occurs at lower altitudes than other pines in the Himalaya. Cultivated in El Orman and the Museum gardens in Giza, Egypt. Agricultural Museum Garden, 8..95, M. Abdalla (CAIM); Agricultural Museum Garden,..95, M. Abdalla (CAIM); Agricultural Museum Garden, 9..95, M. Abdalla (CAIM); Manial Palace,..954, Mahdy (CAIM); El Orman Garden, 0..05, Fatma Sami (CAIM); El Orman Garden, , Fatema Sami 06 (CAIM); Agricultural Museum Garden,.. 07, Fatma Sami (CAIM). 7 Pinus sylvestris L., Sp. Pl. : 000. (75); Bailey 949, p. 94; Humphries 98, p. 80; Thompson 99. Common name: Scot pine. A moderate sized tree 55 m high. The bark is fissured into irregular longitudinal plats, reddishbrown. The shoots are initially green, smooth and shining becoming grayish brown in the second year somewhat marked by the bases of the scale leaves. Winter buds cm long, oblong ovate with lanceolate fringed scales. Leaves.55 cm long, in pairs, greygreen, glucose, shortpointed with finely toothed margins and well define lines of stomata on the flat inner surface but with interrupted lines on the outer surface. The resin canals are marginal. The basal sheath is initially white later becoming grey. Cones solitary or in groups of on short peduncles, usually ovoid conical, 6 cm long, grey or dull brown. The scales are narrowly oblong. Seed blackish, 5 mm long. Wing pale brown, 0 mm long. Distribution: Native to Eurasia, ranging from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia, south to the Caucasus Mountains and Anatolia, and north to well inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia. Cultivated in the Museum garden in Giza, Egypt. Agricultural Museum Garden,.. 07, Fatema Sami (CAIM). VI Numerical analysis of morphological characters: The herbarium specimens were examined and photographed (Plate ). Morphological characters of collected fresh specimens of studied taxa were examined (Plates,, 4 and 5). The relationship between the studied taxa has been analyzed using morphological characters (Table ) by Average Linkage (Between Groups) of SPSS programme (Fig. ). 69

7 Fig. : UPGMA dendrogram showing the degree of similarity among the studied taxa in Pinus L. in Egypt Discussion Survey, taxonomic revision, documentation and description of Pinus L. species in Egypt were carried out. Fresh specimens were collected from three major gardens; The Agricultural Museum Garden, the Orman Garden and the Zoo Garden. Seven species and one variety were collected, identified, described and compared with the specimens in the herbarium of Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department. Three new species and one variety were added to the herbarium; P. brutia Ten., P. brutia Ten. var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba, P. canariensis C. Smith and P. sylvestris L. Herbarium specimens were examined and photographed to help in establishing database information and to be available for the taxonomic researchers to further study of Pinus L. morphological characters were used by Average Linkage (Between Groups) of SPSS programme to investigate the taxonomic relationship between the studied taxa. The results showed that the studied taxa were grouped into two major clusters. The first one consisted of three taxa; P. sylvestris, P. halepensis and P. densiflora while the other taxa were found in the other cluster. These results were agreed with the infrageneric classification of Pinus L. according to (Farjon 998) in except that P. halepensis was added to the first subsection in addition to P. sylvestris and P. densiflora. the three taxa were similar in 9 characters from the characters. 694

8 Acknowledgment I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Abd el Halim A. Mohamed and Prof. Dr. Nail M. Fawzy (Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department, HRI, ARC.) for their support and co operation. References Alvin, K.L., 960. Further conifers of the Pinaceae from the Wealden Formation of Belgium. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Memoires. 46: 9. Axelrod, D.I., 986. Cenozoic history of some western American pines. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 7: Bailey, L.H., 949. Manual of cultivated plants. The Macmillan Company. New York. p. 9. Bean, W.J., 9. Trees and shrubs hardy in the British isles. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, London. Dallimore, W. and A.B. Jackson, 9. A handbook of Coniferae including Ginkgoaceae, second edition, Edward Arnold and Co., London. Davis, P.H., 975. Flora of Turkey. vol. I, Edinburgh. Debreczy, Z. and I. Rácz, 0. Conifers around the world. vol. &, Budapest: Dendro Press. Farjon, A., 990. Pinaceae: drawings and descriptions of the genera Abies, Cedrus, Pseudolarix, Keteleeria, Nothotsuga, Tsuga, Cathaya, Pseudotsuga, Larix and Picea. Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. Farjon, A. and B.T. Styles, 997. Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora Neotropica, vol. 75, New York, Organization for Flora Neotropica. Farjon, A., 998. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. U. K. Frankis, M.P., 989. Generic interrelationships in Pinaceae. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45: Gernandt, D.S. G.G. López, S.O. García, and A. Liston, 005. Phylogeny and classification of Pinus. Taxon 54: 9 4. Gernandt, D.S., C. LeónGómez, S. HernándezLeón, and M.E. Olson, 0. Pinus nelsonii and a cladistic analysis of Pinaceae ovulate cone characters. Systematic Botany. 6: Humphries, G. J., 98. The Hamlyn Guide to trees of Britain and Europe. The Hamlyn Publishing group Ltd., England. Little, E.L. and W.B. Critchfield, 969. Subdivisions of the genus Pinus. Washington. 44. :USDA Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication. Mai, D.H., 986. Über Typen und Originale tertiärer Arten von Pinus L. (Pinaceae) in mitteleuropäischen Sammlungen ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Gattung in Europa. Feddes Repertorium. 97: Miki, S., 957. Pinaceae of Japan, with special reference to its remains. Journal of the Institute of Polytechnics, Osaka City University Series D. 8: 7. Melchior, H. and Werdermann, 954. A. Engler s Syllabus Der Pflanzenfamilien, Berlin, Nikolassa. P. 9. Price, R.A., A. Liston and S.H. Strauss, 998. Phylogeny and systematics of Pinus In: Richardson. DM. (ed.) Ecology and biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press: Ryberg, P.E G.W. Rothwell, R.A. Stockey, J. Hilton, G. Mapes and J.B. Riding, 0. Reconstru cting relationships among stem and crown group Pinaceae: oldest record of the genus Pinus from the early Cretaceous of Yorkshire, United Kingdom. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 7: Smith, S.Y. and R.A. Stockey, 00. Permineralized pine cones from the Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 6: Smith, S.Y., R.A. Stockey, G.W. Rothwell, and S.A. Little, 07. A new species of Pityostrobus (Pinaceae) from the Cretaceous of California: moving towards understanding the Cretaceous radiation of Pinaceae. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 5: Thompson, H., 99. New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Uni. press. P.54. Yamada, T., M. Yamada, and M. Tsukagoshi, 04. Fossil records of subsection Pinus (genus Pinus, Pinaceae) from the Cenozoic in Japan. Journal of Plant Research 7: Zohary, M. (966). Flora Palaestina, I, p

9 Pinus brutia Pinus brutia Ten. var. eldaric Pinus canariensis Pinus halepensis Pinus pinea Pinus densiflora Pinus roxburghii Pinus sylvestris Plate : Herbarium specimens of studied taxa of Pinus L. 696

10 Pinus brutia Pinus brutia Ten. var.eldarica Pinus canariensis Pinus halepensis Pinus pinea Pinus densiflora Pinus roxburghii Pinus sylvestris Plate : Leaf sheath of studied taxa of Pinus L. 697

11 Pinus brutia Pinus brutia Ten. var. eldarica Pinus canariensis Pinus halepensis Pinus pinea Pinus densiflora Pinus roxbughii Pinus sylvestris Plate : Leaf apex of studied taxa of Pinus L. 698

12 Pinus brutia Pinus brutia Ten. var. eldarica Pinus canariensis Pinus halepensis Pinus pinea Pinus densiflora Pinus roxbughii Pinus sylvestris Plate 4: Leaf margin of studied taxa of Pinus L. 699

13 Pinus brutia Pinus brutia Ten. var. eldarica Pinus canariensis Pinus halepensis Pinus pinea Pinus densiflora Pinus roxburghii Pinus sylvestris Plate 5: Cone of studied taxa of Pinus L. 700

14 70 Table : morphological characters of studied taxa of Pinus L. P. sylvestris P. roxburghii P.pinea P. halepensis P. densiflora P. canariensis P. brutia var. eldarica P. brutia Taxa Characters Crown shape: Conical []/ broad []/ irregular []. Bark Color: Orange red[]/ red brown []. Winter bud: Shape: Ovoid []/ Conical []/ cylindrical []. 4 Winter bud color: Orange brown []/ red brown []. 5 Leaf sheath Length: Short (< cm)[]/ long (> cm) []. 6 Leaf: Three in fascicle []/ two in fascicle []. 7 Leaf color: Blue green []/ yellow green [] 8 Leaf length: Short (<0cm)[]/ long (<0 cm)[]/ very long (> 0 cm) []. 9 Leaf width: Slender (mm) []/ thin (>mm)[]. 0Leaf margin: Toothed []/ serrulate []. Leaf apex: Acute []/ obtuse []. Leaf: Twisted[]/ straight []. Cone shape: Ovoid []/ Conical []. 4 Cone: Erect []/ pendulous []. 5 Cone length: Short (<0 cm) []/ long (> 0 cm) []. 6 Cone width: Thin (<5cm) []/ wide (> 5cm) [], 7 Cone scale: Broad []/ oblong []. 8 Cone umbo: Mucronate []/ triangular []/ flat []. 9 Seed color: Brown []/ blackish []/ grayish []. 0 Seed length: Short (< 8mm) []/ long (> 8mm) []. Seed wing length: Short (<cm) []/ long (> cm) [].