HDC Summer fruiting raspberry variety trial

Transcription

1 Factsheet 07/07 Horticultural Development Rasberry Council Project SF 41b Bradbourne House East Malling Kent ME19 6DZ T: F: E: HDC Summer fruiting raspberry variety trial Janet Allen, ADAS This factsheet summarises the results of the most promising raspberry varieties from this field trial (Project SF 41b) and describes the attributes of each. Summary points Four varieties, Malling Juno (Figure 1), 9062E-1 (provisional name Glen Fyne ), Cowichan and Glen Doll showed great promise in this trial. All four varieties have the potential to complement or replace existing summer fruiting raspberry varieties. Malling Juno is currently available for planting in commercial quantities. Cowichan is currently available for planting on a trial basis through Meiosis Ltd. Glen Doll will be available in small quantities from 2008 onwards. 9062E-1 (provisional name Glen Fyne ) will be available in trial quantities from 2008 onwards. Introduction This trial was set up to assess the performance of a number of new summer fruiting raspberry varieties in a commercial plantation. Some of these have previously been assessed by the Scottish and East Malling Raspberry Breeding Consortia, to which HDC belongs. The intention was to identify varieties with potential to complement or replace the existing summer fruiting varieties currently being grown in the industry. The site and facilities for the trial were made available by kind permission of The Rt. Hon. Richard Stanley, Manor Farm, Forest Hill, Oxford (Figure 2). 1 Malling Juno showed great promise in the trial 2 The trial site at Forest Hill near Oxford, 2006

2 Varieties included in the trial A total of eleven numbered selections were included in the main replicated trial. Six of these were supplied by East Malling Research (EMR) and five by the (SCRI). The four control varieties included for comparison were Glen Moy, Glen Ample, Tulameen and Octavia. The numbered selections and varieties included in the main trial, their origin and season of production are summarised in Table 1. Additional single plots were established in the guard areas (guard plots). These included: Five named and two advanced selections from the Pacific Agricultural Research Centre (PARC) breeding programme, Canada Five numbered selections from EMR, including EM 6166/98 (Malling Minerva) and EM 5928/114 (Malling Hestia), the most promising selections from the previous HDC Summer Fruiting Raspberry Trial (SF 41a) Five numbered selections from SCRI Two varieties from Germany and one variety from Oregon, USA Table 1 Varieties chosen for inclusion in the main replicated trial Variety Name/Number Glen Moy EM 6390/47 EM 6544/80 (Malling Juno) EM 6545/12 Glen Ample 9059D E-1 (provisional name Glen Fyne) 9050RD3 9046RA2 EM 6428/1 EM 6506/ B6 (Glen Doll) Tulameen EM 6385/1 Octavia Origin Pacific Agricultural Research Centre, Canada Season of Production Early Early Early /Late /Late /Late /Late Late Late Trial Details The trial site was laid out in Some of the selections were propagated using root cuttings, whilst others were micro-propagated. The majority of the root cutting material and some micro-propagated selections were planted in 2002, established in 2003 and started fruiting in The remaining selections were planted in 2003, established in 2004 and started picking in Entry 9062E-1 (Provisional name Glen Fyne ) was not available for planting until 2004, when it was planted and established in readiness for picking in The trial was planted in an open field site, into raised beds covered with black polythene mulch, supplied with trickle irrigation/fertigation. Crop rows were spaced 2.4 metres apart, with plants in the beds 0.45 metres apart. The trial was not protected with polythene tunnels. Several severe frosts in April and May 2005 resulted in the death of fruit bud, fruiting laterals and flowers, which caused a marked reduction in yield compared with the previous year for the majority of the trial entries. Soil-borne disease caused by Phytophthora idaei and Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi had by early 2006, either caused the complete loss of productivity or had substantially reduced productivity in some plots and results from these have been excluded. High temperatures and levels of solar radiation in July 2006 foreshortened the harvest period and reduced the fruit size of most entries, notably Malling Juno. In addition, the fruits of some varieties were also subject to sun scorch. Most Promising Selections By the end of the trial, four varieties showed particular promise in terms of yield and fruit quality. Three came from the replicated trial: EM 6544/80 (Early) now named Malling Juno 9062E-1 () provisional name Glen Fyne 9053B6 (/Late) now named Glen Doll and from the guard plots: Cowichan (/Late)

3 Harvest and Yield Results The marketable yields, berry weights and 50% pick dates from these most promising selections, together with the control varieties are summarised in Tables 2, 3 and 4. Table 2 Marketable Yield (Kg/plant) Selection Glen Moy R EM 6544/80 Malling Juno R Glen Ample R Tulameen R Glen Ample M Tulameen M 9062E-1 provisional name Glen Fyne * M Cowichan R 9053B6 Glen Doll M Octavia R Marketable Yield (kg/plant) Table 3 Average Berry Weight Selection Glen Moy R EM 6544/80 Malling Juno R Glen Ample R Tulameen R Glen Ample M Tulameen M 9062E-1 provisional name Glen Fyne * M Cowichan R 9053B6 Glen Doll M Octavia R Average Berry Weight (g) Table 4 50% Pick Date Selection Glen Moy R EM 6544/80 Malling Juno R Glen Ample R Tulameen R Glen Ample M Tulameen M 9062E-1 provisional name Glen Fyne * M Cowichan R 9053B6 Glen Doll M Octavia R 50% Pick Date July 10 July 26 July 22 July 20 July 20 July 26 July 2 August July 10 July 26 July 22 July 20 July 20 July 26 July 2 August July 5 July 13 July 17 July 17 July 15 July 17 July 17 July 19 July * Planted in 200M M Micro-propagated plants R Propagated from root cuttings

4 Variety Profiles Regular assessments were also made of fruit quality and plant characteristics, including fruit shelf life, plant architecture, bud break, ease of cane management, frost and pest and disease susceptibility. The characteristics of each of the most promising selections are summarised below: EM 6544/80 (Malling Juno) Fruit The fruit of Malling Juno is conical and consistently uniform in shape, an attractive mid-red colour, brighter than Glen Moy, but not as glossy as Glen Ample (Figure 3). The fruit plugs easily, is cohesive with firm flesh and has an excellent flavour (superior to both Glen Moy and Glen Ample). The shelf life is similar to or slightly superior to that of Glen Moy, but drupelets are prone to rupturing if handled badly. 3 Malling Juno fruits are conical and uniform in shape Laterals Laterals vary from long and horizontal to short and upright at the top of the cane. They are strongly attached and fruit is presented well to pickers (Figure 4). Secondary and tertiary laterals are freely produced if the primary ones are lost. Canes Canes are spine-free and pleasant to handle and manage. Buds break very evenly down the length of the cane in mid-march, suggesting that this variety has potential for early crop production under glass or fixed tunnels. Pest and disease EM 6544/80 (Malling Juno) is resistant to strains 1 4 of the large raspberry aphid. It is susceptible to Phytophthora root rot, but to date has not been infected by Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV). The fruiting canes were free from disease infection in early In the autumn of some years, low levels of raspberry rust infection were noted on the foliage of this variety. 4 Fruit of Malling Juno is presented well to pickers

5 Season and uses Malling Juno is an early variety that is seen as a replacement for Glen Moy and is highly suited to early production under glass or fixed tunnels given it s more even bud break and shorter laterals than Glen Ample. Cowichan Fruit Fruits are very cohesive, uniformly set, conical in shape and their size is retained well throughout harvest (Figure 5). They are mid-red in colour, very bright and have a slightly chewy but pleasant texture. The flavour is moderate to good, but not as distinct (i.e. aromatic) as that of Tulameen. The berries of Cowichan have a superior shelf life to Tulameen and they are also easier to detach from the receptacle when ripe, or even slightly under ripe. Laterals Lateral development is down the whole length of floricane. They are long, strongly attached and held at, or slightly above horizontal. Fruit presentation to the picker is superior to Tulameen. a very upright habit, only spreading slightly as they emerge above the floricane canopy during or postharvest. They bear some spines mainly towards their base, but are not unpleasant to handle. Pest and disease The floricane of Cowichan was found to be free of diseases in early 2006, though some foliar infection by raspberry rust was noted in some autumns. In Canada, Cowichan has been found to display resistance or strong tolerance to infection by Phytophthora root rot. In the HDC trial, this disease was confirmed as present in at least one (or more) plots of all the main variety entries and was affecting some of the plants in the guard plots by the end of In contrast, all of the plants in the guard plot planted with Cowichan appeared unaffected. Season and uses Cowichan is a mid/late variety that is seen as a possible replacement for Glen Ample and Tulameen given its high fruit quality, shelf-life and resistance to Phytophthora root rot. 9062E-1 (provisional name Glen Fyne ) Fruit Fruit is large (Figure 6), cohesive, conical in shape, with a noticeably large hole left when the receptacle is removed. Colour is mid to dark red when fully ripe (Figure 7), and Canes Cane production is adequate to excessive. However, unwanted primocane is easy to remove. The canes are tall to very tall and have E-1 produces large, cohesive berries 5 Cowichan produces uniform, conical fruits that are very bright 7 When fully ripe, 9062E-1 fruits are mid to dark red

6 the fruit is very bright, attractive and has an excellent sweet aromatic flavour. 9062E-1 has a berry texture that is slightly softer than that of Glen Ample, but shelf life is similar. Laterals Fruiting lateral length varies according to their position on the cane, from short at the top to long at the base. They are strongly attached, leafy, held horizontal to slightly ascending, displaying fruit well to pickers. The berries are very easy to detach, so picking is very fast. This variety has also been shown to be suitable for machine harvesting. Canes The canes are spine-free, of medium height, upright to spreading in habit and pleasant to handle. They are produced in adequate but not excessive numbers. Bud break is early and uniform down the full length of canes, suggesting that 9062E-1 should be suitable for early cropping under protection. Pest and disease Although susceptible to Phytophthora root rot, canes were found to be free of other diseases in early Low levels of raspberry rust infection on foliage were noted in some autumns. 9062E-1 is resistant to strains 1 4 of the large raspberry aphid. Season and uses 9062E-1 is a mid season variety that is seen as a possible replacement for Glen Ample and Tulameen, given its superior fruit size and flavour and even bud break which lends itself to protected cropping B6 (Glen Doll) Fruit Fruits are round to conical in shape and are generally neat and attractive (Figure 8). They are very cohesive, with firm flesh and strong skin, even when fully ripe. Colour is mid to dark red when fully ripe and flavour is excellent. Shelf life is also excellent and similar to Glen Ample. In Scotland, this variety has been appraised for machine harvesting and found to be suitable. Laterals Laterals are long and strongly attached at the base, but tips can be brittle, leading to some breakage during harvest. The fruit is very well presented to pickers, with a wall of fruit produced from top to bottom of canes (Figure 9). The fruits plug easily and are pleasant to handle. Canes Primocane is produced in adequate numbers, is spine free, vigorous, tall and often stout in stature and very pleasant to handle and manage. Bud break is late, but appears to be reliable. In the trial, Glen Doll was shown to be less prone to frost damage than either Glen Ample or Tulameen. Pest and disease Glen Doll is susceptible to Phytophthora root rot, but resistant to strains 1 4 of the large raspberry aphid. The floricane of this variety, unlike those of Glen Ample or Tulameen, was found to be almost completely free of cane disease when assessed in early spring Foliar infection with raspberry rust was recorded in some autumns. Season and uses Glen Doll is a mid/late variety with great potential to replace Glen Ample and Tulameen given its higher yields, improved fruit quality and better flavour. 8 Glen Doll fruits are neat and attractive 9 Glen Doll produces fruits from top to bottom of canes

7 Other useful publications and articles HDC Factsheet 03/07 Project SF 8d: Raspberry variety trials 2006 summer and primocane fruiting selections at EMR HDC Factsheet 04/07 Project SF 35a: Raspberry variety trials 2006 summer fruiting selections at SCRI HDC News, March 2007 Raspberries for the future (p24 25) The Fruit Grower, February 2007 New summer fruiting raspberry from (p15) The 2007 Berry Yearbook & Buyer s Guide Glen Doll emerges as potential pretender to the crown (p31 34) Further information Names and addresses of UK raspberry and cane fruit suppliers offering plants with a SEERAD or Defra plant health certificate Darby Plants Ltd Broad Fen Farm Severalls Road Methwold Hythe Thetford IP26 4QU Tel. (01366) Hargreaves Plants Ltd Cowpers Gate Long Sutton, Spalding Lincs PE12 9BS Tel. (01406) Haygrove Plants Redbank Farm Little Marcle, Ledbury Herefordshire HR8 2JL Tel. (01531) Highland Fruit Stocks Mains of Murthly Aberfeldy PH15 2EA Tel. (01887) Messrs David McIntyre Cruachan, Wester Essendy Blairgowrie PH10 6RA Tel. (01250) Messrs J McIntyre & Sons Moyness Nurseries Coupar Angus Road Blairgowrie PH10 6UT Tel. (01250) T J Moore 20 Bilney Road Gressenhall Dereham Norfolk NR20 4EG Tel. (01362) Scottish Nuclear Stock Association Ltd Buchal Farmhouse Alyth Blairgowrie PH11 8JS Tel. (01575) Thomas Thomson (Blairgowrie) Ltd Bramblebank Works Blairgowrie PH10 7HY Tel. (01250) Edward Vinson Plants Ltd 4 Ewell Barn Graveney Road Faversham Kent ME13 8UP Tel. (01795) R W Walpole (Strawberry Plants) Ltd Ivy Farm Tuxhill Road Terrington St. Clement Kings Lynn Norfolk PE34 4PX Tel. (01553) J M Watson Fruit Growers Ltd Mill of Montague Balbeggie Perth PH2 7PR Tel. (01821) Welsh Fruit Stocks Bryngwyn Powys Via Kington Hereford HR5 3QZ Tel. (01497) Woods Nurseries Plants Ltd Tarry Hill Swineshead Boston Lincs PE20 3LL Tel. (01205)

8 Additional information: June 2007 Whilst publications issued under the auspices of the HDC are prepared from the best available information, neither the authors or the HDC can accept any responsibility for inaccuracy or liability for loss, damage or injury from the application of any concept or procedure discussed Horticultural Development Council. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the Horticultural Development Council. Design and production: HDR Visual Communication