Status of Characterization of Sri Lankan Fruits

Transcription

1 Status of Characterization of n Fruits Indigenous (or Underutilized?) Fruits: Communicating with Different Audience DKNG Pushpakumara, DAN Dharmasena and C Gunawardena Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya, and Institute of Postharvest Technology, Anuradhapura, Training workshop on Characterisation of Fresh and Processed Fruit Quality, organised by the CUC, University of Southampton and the Nong Lam University, Vietnam funded by Leverhulme Trust, UK. Dated: 2325 July, 202 DKNG Pushpakumara ICRAF Liaison Scientist for Head/Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Institutes Involved. Industrial Development Institute (ITI), Colombo 2. Institute of Postharvest Technology, Anuradhapura (Mr. Chaminda Gunawardena) 3. Food Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya (Dr. KH Sarananda) 4. Universities (Peradeniya, Ruhuna, Jayawardenapura, Wayamba etc), Food Science and Technology Degrees (Prof. DKNG Pushpakumara and DAN Dharmasena) 5. Institute of Fundamental Studies (IFS), Kandy 6. Standards Institute (Cambodia workshop) 7. Private Sector Organizations ( Workshop) Sub Class No of Orders in the world No of Orders in % No of Families in the world No of Families in Magnoliidae Hamamelidae Caryophyllidae Dilleniidae Rosidae Asteridae Alismatidae Arecidae Commelinidae Zingiberidae Liliidae % Source: DSA Wijesundara is diverse and unique

2 Diversity of Fruit Trees Over 230 species from over 57 families High genetic variation in many species Many are underutilized..\..\..\carpicraf PROJECT\fruit trees data.xls Diversity of Fruit Trees in Sri Lanka most developing countries fall way short of minimum of 200g. is one country in the world whose people consumed little quantity of fruits per year kg/year (FAO Statistics) Actual kg Consumption * fruit g/day Consumption * vege g/day Total Oceania (developing) EU N. America Developed countries Latin America Eastern Europe World Developing countries Asia (developing) Western Africa Southern Africa Central Africa East Africa Domestication of Fruit Trees Germplasm Collection Status by Crop Groups at PGRC (Marambe et al., 2006) Crop Group No of Acc. Wild Species Landraces/ old varieties Cereals.Rice (Oryza) 4, Maize (Zea) Millets Sorghum etc Food Legumes.Cowpea (Vigna) 2. Green gram (Vigna) 3.Black gram (Vigna) 4.Soyabean (Glycine) 5.Ground nut (Arachis) Vegetables.Tomato (Lycopersicon) 2. Chilli (Capsicum) 3.Pumpkin (Cucurbita) 4.Okra (Abelmoschus) 5.Bitgourd (Momordica) 6.Onion (Allium) Fruits.Water melon (Citrullus) 2.Melon (Cucumis) 3.Banana (Musa) Breeding lines/new varieties Morphological Characterization Based on IPGRI Descriptor Lists. Morphological Characterization 2. Genetic Characterization 3. Chemical Characterization

3 Fruit Shape of Citrus maxima Annex : Identified plant descriptors and their variability observed for Nelli. Characters Fruit characters Variability Fruit diameter (mm) Fruit weight (g) Shape of fruit crosssection Sweetness of pulp Seed size Seed shape Number of seeds/fruit 8 Seed weight (g) Flesh weight (g).622 Flesh thickness (mm) 35 Astringency Brix value of flesh 83 Flesh/Seed ratio Fruit yield (kg of fruit/plant) 2 29 Elliptic, Circular, Irregular Low, Intermediate, High Small, Intermediate, Large Spheroid, Broadly ovate, Oblate, Conical, Ellipsoid, Oblong, Irregular High, Medium, Low

4 Factor2 Morphological Characterization Morphological Characterization Morphological characters Trunk colour Fruit length Peduncle length Fruit diameter 0.4 Location of fructification Weight of ripe fruit 0.2 Pulp taste Number of seeds Weight of all fresh seeds 0 Petal outer colour Suckering tendency Trunk ramification Colour of young 0.4 branches Leaf blade shape Average Leaf w idth Factor Genetic Characterization Based on Molecular Markers Experimental Procedure (Methodology) Extraction of Genomic DNA Restriction digestion & Adaptor ligation Pre amplification Selective amplification Ethanol precipitation & Purification Eletrophoretic separation of Fragments AFLP data analysis

5 Genetic Characterization Genetic Characterization Based on Molecular Markers Based on Molecular Markers Cluster I Cluster II A Cluster II B Cluster III Chemical Characterization Based on Chemicals of Fresh and Processed Products Weakly developed aspect Know chemical composition only in some species? Quality of Fresh and Processed Products??? Sensory Evaluations??? Antioxidant content in some fruits??? Some phytochemicals??? Medicinal properties??? Importance of Fruits Source of micro nutrients (per 00g of fruit) Fruit Cal Proteins (g) Ca Fe Vit A IU Thia min Vit C Banana Mango Pineapple Papaya Cashew nut Avocado Fibers Neutrocuticles Pigments Phytochemicals Play a major role in food pyramid Indian Rhyme Eat amla a day and keep doctor at bay

6 Chemical Characterization???? Research Gaps Future Prespectives Necessary to Understand Typology of Production of Fruits Production Cycle Consumer Producer wild harvest/cultivated low/high input small/medium/largescale minor/major enterprise seasonal/aseasonal assured/speculative clear/unclear prodn economics Production Producer Develop market information systems Develop new business opportunities Explore subsidy, incentives to producers Understand scaling up needs, opportunities Target areas for production Consumer Analyse market chains Exploit/satisfy certification opportunities Increase premiums for quality, branding Elevate volume traded Improve consumer knowledge, promotion Demand forecasting Understand constraints/opportunities Enhance returns to land/labour Determine prospects producer associations Improve quality of inputs (e.g. germplasm) Production Improve product quality Change timing of availability Reduce wastage Marketing Product Marketing Product Enhance product safety Ensure appropriate packaging Provide adequate labeling Increased graded product % Improve recovery Value addition Extend shelflife Improve efficacy (e.g. medicinals) Processing Processing

7 Shri Ram Shehkar, President INDIAN Beggars Association (Registered) Will the Indigenous Fruits make it to wider audience (market)? ONLY WITH BETTER SCIENCE (& TECHNOLOGY), COMMUNICATION AND POLICY (INTEGRATED) APPROACH Use of modern technology is no longer an option. It is a necessity. for everybody. Thank you