VFNTA. V = Verticillium wilt F = Fusarium wilt N = Nematodes. T = Tobacco mosaic virus A = Alternaria stem rot. Fusarium wilt.

Transcription

1 Tomato Problems V = Verticillium wilt F = Fusarium wilt N = Nematodes Better Boy (VFN) T = Tobacco mosaic virus A = Alternaria stem rot Tomato Fusarium wilt Fusarium wilt YcI6B44 VFNTA F = Fusarium wilt Healthy roots Verticillium wilt VFNTA V = Verticillium wilt httpucdnema.ucdavis.eduimagemapnemmapent156html204nemtnemsamp.htm 1

2 Nematodes Control Resistance. Vovlas APS Images Viruses A.S. Costa APS Images Virus R.G. Christie APS Images VFNTA T = Tobacco Mosaic Virus herbicide damage Grazon 2-4-d Dicamba Roundup damage 2

3 84 positive of 219 samples Tospovirus Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Alton N. Sparks, Jr., University of Georgia, Photo by Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University 174 host species Field Crops Vegetables Tobacco Tomato Celery Peanut Pepper Bean Potato Cowpea Eggplant Spinach Lettuce Cucumber Endive Cauliflower Ornamentals Mums Zinnias Phlox African Violet Snapdragon Salvia Primrose Dahlia Poppy Begonia Cosmos Petunias Gerbera Peony Impatiens Calla lily Geranium Marigold Weeds Amaranth Chickweed Burdock Beggar ticks Sowthistle Morning glory Lamb s quarters Smooth rattlepod Cheese weed Statice Sweet clover Shepherd s purse 3

4 TSWV Resistance Amelia (determinate) Red Defender (determinate) Dixie Red (determinate) Health Kick (determinate) Mountain Merit (determinate) Sophya (indeterminate) Baby Cakes (determinate) Bella Rosa (determinate) Red Bounty (determinate)) BHN 444 (determinate) Redline (determinate) BHN 602 (determinate) Top Gun (determinate) Tycoon (determinate) Mountain Glory (determinate) Fletcher (determinate) Finishline (determinate) Nico (determinate) Tribute (determinate) BHN 640 (determinate) TSWV Resistance Pepper Declaration El Jafe Heritage Magico Monarcha Plato Stiletto Weed control. Insecticides. Mesh-400 micron micron 60 wide $23.01 per linear yard Destroy infected plants. Use resistant cultivars. Reflective mulches. Sticky traps. Early blight L.R. Jones and Grout APS Images R.W. Stevenson APS Images L.R. Jones and Grout APS Images 4

5 Early Blight Control Resistance Crop rotation Sanitation Fungicides: Bravo Ultrex, Bravo Weatherstik, Bravo 500, Scala, Dithane, Manzate, Penncozeb, Quadris, Cabrio, Flint Homeowners: Chlorothalonil, Green Cure**, Kaligreen**, Mistop**, Bonide Sulfur**, Actinovate** Late blight-phytophthora infestans Late blight-phytophthora infestans Late Blight Control Iron lady Defiant PHR Mountain Magic Mountain Merit Matt s Wild Cherry Jasper Lemon Drop Mr. Stripey Buckeye Rot Control Eric Grant University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Rotation Excellent drainage, don t allow fruit to touch the soil Fungicides: Mancozeb Flowable w/zinc, Hi-Yield Maneb Garden Fungicide Quadris, Gavel, Ridomil Gold Eric Grant University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service 5

6 VFNTA A = Alternaria stem rot canker. Septoria leaf spot J.C Watterson APS Images Alternaria J.C Watterson APS Images J.C Watterson APS Images Keith Gresham University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Control for fungal leaf spots Rotation Fungicides: Ortho Garden Disease Control, Fertilome Liquid Fungicide, Bonide Fung-onil Multipurpose Fungicide Concentrate, Garden Tech Daconil Fungicide Concentrate, Bonide Mancozeb Flowable w/zinc, Hi-Yield Maneb Garden Fungicide, Green Cure**, Kaligreen**, Mistop**, Bonide Sulfur**, Actinovate** Commercial fungicides: Quadris, Cabrio, Flint, Bravo Divide the garden into three sections. nightshade plants: potato, tomato, eggplant, peppers. mustard group: cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, brussels sprouts, kale, collards, kohlrabi, sprouting broccoli, pak choi, Chinese cabbage, turnip, mustard greens, rutabaga, radish, horseradish. everything else. Southern blight Southern blight on fruit J.C.Watterson APS Images J.C.Watterson APS Images Sclerotium rolfsii 6

7 Timber rot Soil Solarization Sclerotinia sclerotiorum How to solarize Level the ground, free of debris. Wet the area. Transparent plastic sheeting. Seal plastic edges around treated area by burying the edges in soil. Leave plastic for 4-6 weeks. Deep plow. Cultural remedies Clean up crop debris. Chemical None for homeowners Blocker (PNCB) for commercial A.A. MacNab APS Images Bacterial Diseases K.L.Pohronnezny APS Images 7

8 Control bacterial speck and spot Avoid overhead irrigation. Use clean seed: 5% bleach solution 45 minutes Clean up crop debris. Practice a three year rotation. Practice a preventive copper + mancozeb spray program from bloom until the first-formed fruit are 1/3 their final size. from the program. Soft rot Control soft rot Avoid injuring fruit Dispose of all affected fruit. Ph nutrient lockout chart Magnesium deficiency Iron deficiency Gerald Holmes, California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, Bugwood.org 8

9 Potassium deficiency Phosphorous deficiency Blossom end rot Catfacing Spider mites Control of mites Commercial growers: Agri-Mek, Brigade, Dicofol, Oberon Homeowners: Insecticidal soaps, malathion Don Plunkett, University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension, retired 9

10 Tomato hornworm Control of hornworms Commercial: BT, Baythroid, Leverage, Brigade, Sevin, Asana, Synapse, Karate Z, Lanate, Spin Tor, Confirm, Hero, Coragen Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org Homeowners: Dipel, Biobit, Ortho Max, Bayer Advanced, Spectracide, Naturalyte, permethrins, Sevin Hand pick Tomato cutworm Control of cutworms Commercial: Leverage, Brigade, Capture, Sevin, Asana, Synapse, Confirm, Mustang Max, Hero Stem protection: colars made of paper, alumimum foil, cardboard tubes, etc Homeowners: Ortho, Bayer Advanced, Spectracide, Sevin, Bonide R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Slide Set, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org Art Cushman, USDA Systematics Entomology Laboratory, Bugwood.org Stinkbug Control of stinkbugs Commercial: Baythroid, Leverage, Brigade, Sevin, Provado, Spin Tor, Mustang Max, Hero Homeowners: Ortho, Ortho Max, Bayer Advanced, Bonide, Spectracide, permethrins Herb Pilcher, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org 10

11 Aphids Control of aphids Commercial: Agri-Mek, Assail, Leverage, Brigade, Dimethoate, Asana, Provado, Malathion, Lannate, Mustang Max, Hero Homeowners: Bayer Advanced, Bonide, Malathion, Insecticidal soap Parasitic wasps Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org Control of aphids Plant Health Clinic Sherrie Smith-Plant Diagnostician University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension 2601 N. Young Ave. Fayetteville, AR Cindy Ham University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Plant health clinic health-clinic/ 11