3) MONOCOTS. ARACEAE Jussieu

Transcription

1 47 3) MONOCOTS ARACEAE Jussieu 1a. Flowers arranged in spikes, subtended by leafy spathe.. 2 1b. Flowers not arranged in spikes, minute from marginal pouch of thallus. 13 2a. Plants aquatic, free floating. Pistia 2b. Plants often terrestrial or growing in marshy places.. 3 3a. Leaves linear or blade like; growing in marshy places. Cryptocoryne 3b. Leaves ovoid, rhomboid, oblong, but not linear; plants terrestrial. 4 4a. Plants erect.. 5 4b. Plants twining or climbing a. Leaves with parallel venations b. Leaves with reticulate venations 7 6a. Leaves with 9-20 pairs of lateral veins. Dieffenbachia 6b. Leaves with 3-10 pairs of lateral veins. Aglaonema 7a. Leaves peltate (attached in the centre) b. Leaves not peltate (attached at base).. 9 8a. Leaves uniformly green; cm long.. Colocasia 8b. Leaves variously colored; cm long... Caladium 9a. Plants without latex... Anthurium 9b. Plants with latex. Alocasia 10a. Leaves pinnately divided or perforated.. Monstera 10b. Leaves entire or lobed 11 11a. Stems stout; leaves parallel veined.. Philodendron 11b. Stems slender; leaves reticulately veined a. Leaves entire, base rounded or slightly cordate. Raphidophora 12b. Leaves 3-7-ovate lobed or auricles. Syngonium 13a. Roots solitary on each frond; inflorescence of 1 female & 2 male flowers, enclosed in sheath; anthers 2-locular Lemna 13b. Roots absent; inflorescence of 1 female & 1 male flower, never enclosed in sheath; anthers 1-locular Wolffia

2 48 Aglaonema Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 1829: nom. cons. Aglaonema commutatum Schott. Syn. Aroid ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Evergreen, perennial, erect, cm tall herbs. Leaves many, forming an apical crown, ovate-elliptic or oblong, cm long, often striking, silvery and pale green variegated, obliquely obtuse at base, margins entire, acuminate at apex; petioles shorter than blade. Spadix not seen. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Cultivated as potherbs in public and private gardens; native of Malaya. Alocasia (Schott) G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3, nom. cons. [Colocasia sect. Alocasia Schott in Schott & Endlicher, Melet. Bot. 1: ] 1a. Leaves cm long. A. macrorrhizos 1b. Leaves cm long 2 2a. Leaf margins lobed... A. sanderiana 2b. Leaf margins entire.. A. cucullata Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don, Hort. Brit. ed. 3, Arum cucullatum Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) Schott, Melet. Bot nom. inval.; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Evergreen, small to medium sized, somewhat robust herbs; stems erect, much branched from base. Leaves basal, broadly ovate-cordate, x 7-28 cm, shallowly cordate at base, margins entire, acute at apex; petiole cm, weakly D-shaped in cross section, margins of sheaths membranous. Spadix not seen. Distribution: Beed, Latur, Osmanabad and Solapur districts. Ecology: Occasionally grown as potherb; native of East Asia. Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3, ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Arum macrorhizum L. Sp. Pl. 2: Alocasia indica (Lour.)

3 49 Schott. in Oestr. Bot. Wochambl. 4: ; Hook. f. loc. cit ; Naik, loc. cit.; Almeida, loc. cit. Arum indicum Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: Perennial, erect, robust, ca 3 m tall herbs, with slightly milky latex; stem thick, decumbent. Leaves many, clustered at the tips of stems in larger plants, broadly ovate in outline, ca 120 x 50 cm, green above, pale beneath, cordate or sagittate, bluntly triangular at base, margins entire or involutes throughout, shortly acuminate at apex; lateral veins 6-9 on each side lobes, axillary glands distinct; petiole stout, ca 1 m long, sheathing. Spadix not seen. Distribution: Throughout the region, but escaped only in Barshi taluka of Solapur district. Ecology: Cultivated in the gardens and lawns; native of tropical Asia. Exsiccata: Pangri, Barshi (N E ), RDG Alocasia sanderiana W. Bull, Nursery Cat. 1894: ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Perennial, small herbs; stem short. Leaves sagittate-ovate, peltate, cm long, upper surface dark metallic green with white nerves, purple tinged beneath, basal lobes narrowly triangular, obtuse, margins deeply lobed and whitish, cuspidate or acuminate at apex; petioles stripped, brownish, as long as blades. Spadix not seen. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Rarely grown as potherbs; native of Philippines. Anthurium Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: a. Petioles 2-10 cm long; spathe and spadix always green... A. schlechtedalii 1b. Petioles ca 40 cm long; spathe and spadix colored... A. andraeanum Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex Andre, Illust. Hort. 43, t ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Erect, perennial herbs; stem short. Leaves ovate-oblong, x cm, cordate at base, margins entire, acute or acuminate at apex; petioles ca 40 cm long. Spathes ovate-cordate, cm long, orange-red or pink-red, spreading, acute or acuminate at apex. Spadix cylindrical 5-12 cm long, yellowish with white bands at base. Flowers bisexual not well developed.

4 50 Flowering: February - April. Distribution: Beed and Latur districts. Ecology: Indoor herb; native of Columbia. Note: The plant is so handsome due to its colorful spathe and spadix. Anthurium schlechtedalii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: Anthurium tetragonum Hook. ex Schott, Prodr. Aroid ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Annual or perennial, subterranean herbs; stem absent. Leaves erect, oblanceolate, x 7-15 cm, subcordate or rounded to narrower at base, margins undulate, obtuse or rounded at apex; petioles acutely quadrangular. Spathes deciduous, oblong-lanceolate, 8-10 x cm, pale green. Spadix green, shorter than the spathe, cylindric; sterile appendages absent. Flowers bisexual; segments 4, oblanceolate, 2-3 mm long, narrow. Stamens 4. Ovary locular. Flowering: March - April. Distribution: Latur and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Indoor herb; native of tropical Africa. Caladium Ventenant, Mag. Encycl. 4: nom. cons. Caladium bicolor (Ait.) Vent. Mag. Encycl. 4: & in Descr. Pl. Nouv, t ; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad & Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Arum bicolor Ait. in Hort. Kew. ed. 1, Perennial, rhizomatous, ca 50 cm tall herbs. Leaves ovate-sagittate, x cm, green with pink, yellow, white or purple blotched on upper surface, glaucous-green beneath, cordate at base, margins entire to undulate, acute or acuminate at apex; petioles elongated, much longer than blades, glaucous or minutely hairy at apex. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Cultivated in gardens as ornamental plant; native of Brazil and America. Note: The flowering and fruiting has not seen in the region.

5 51 Colocasia Schott in Schott & Endlicher, Melet. Bot nom. cons. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott in Schott & Endl. in Melet. Bot ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad & Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) Arum esculentum L. Sp. Pl. 2: Colocasia antiquorum Schott, loc. cit.; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: ALU, CHIMKURA Erect, perennial herbs, with tuberous rootstock and stolons. Leaves radical, peltate with oblong-ovate to suborbicular outline, x cm, glaucous green above, purplish beneath, cordate at base, margins undulate, acute to mucronate at apex; petiole green, purplish or reddish, cm long, channeled at base; sheath ca 20 cm long. Spathe green. Spadix short or as long as spathe: female zone conic, cm long, stigma subsessile, narrower than apex of ovary; sterile zone narrowly cylindric, acute at apex, flowers pistillate, seen from above elongate; male zone cylindric, 4-6 cm long, appendage narrowly conic, stamens 2-4. Fruits not seen. Flowering: September - November. Ecology: Common, grown in kitchen gardens; also escaped around villages. Use: Leaves are edible and used as vegetables. Cryptocoryne Fischer ex Wydler, Linnaea 5: Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb.) Kunth, Enum. 3: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Ambrosinia retrospiralis Roxb. [in Hort. Bengal nom. nud as A. retrospirale] Fl. Ind. 3: Perennial herbs, with creeping rootstocks; roots fleshy, fibrous. Leaves radical, sessile or with short stout petiole, linear-lanceolate, 7-45 x cm, twisted, green with purple veins, midrib slender, acute or acuminate at apex. Spathes subsessile, nearly as long as the leaves, deep green streaked with purple; tube narrow, longer than the limbs, not twisted; limbs closely twisted, acuminate at apex. Spadix 2-3 cm long, obtuse at apex. Male and female flowers separated by naked rachis; male

6 52 portion cylindric, with few to many flowers, stamens 2, anthers sessile; female portion narrow, with a single whorl of connate, 1-locular, 5-6 ovaries, stigmas orbicular. Fruits ovoid, syncarpium, flush-colored, coriaceous. Seeds 2-seriate, oblong. Flowering & Fruiting: January - March. Distribution: Beed district. Ecology: Rare, on the wet margins of rivers. Exsiccata: Near Bhayala dam, Shirur-Kasar (N E ), RDG Note: This species is Endemic to India (Cook, loc. cit.). It is the only single species with a long tube (10-30 cm) in South West India. Dieffenbachia Schott, Wiener, Z. Kunst. 3: Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott in Schott & Endl. Melet. Bot Arum seguine Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl D. picta Schott in Oestr. Bot. Wochenbl ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) Caladium maculatum Lodd. Bot. Cab. 7: t D. maculata (Lodd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3, ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Erect or prostrate, 1-2 m tall herbs; stem stout, marked with leaf scars. Leaves oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, both surfaces pale green, with many white or yellowish irregular marks and blotches, rounded or acute at base, narrower, acuminate-cuspidate at apex; petioles broadly canaliculated with obtuse margins. Spathes not seen. Distribution: Beed, Latur and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Commonly grown in gardens due to mottled handsome leaves; native of S. America. Note: The juice of the stem and leaves contains a poisonous chemical, which can partially paralyze the power of speech. Lemna L. Sp. Pl. 2: nom. cons. [Lemna Raf. Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: nom. illigit.] 1a. Roots sheath winged at base, sharp pointed at tip; seeds 1 per fruit... L. perpusilla 1b. Root sheath not winged at base, rounded at tip; seeds 1-5 per fruit... L. gibba

7 53 Lemna gibba L. Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Pradhan & Singh, Fl. Ahmednagar ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Tiny free-floating herbs. Roots 3-6 cm long, mostly rounded at tip; root sheath not winged. Fronds floating, solitary or 2-5 together, gibbous, obovate, 1-8 x mm, with 3-4 or 5-7 prominent nerves, margins entire; upper surface without distinct papillae or sometimes visible near apex of fronds, often with red flecks, lower surface occasionally with distinct red spots beginning from margins near apex, gibbose; fronds sheath not winged. Flowers in inflorescence of 1 female and 2 male flowers, enclosed in sheath; anthers 2-locular; ovaries 1-5-ovular. Fruits laterally winged, mm, whitish, with 8-16 longitudinal ribs. Seeds 1-2 (-5) per fruit, distinctly ribbed. Flowering & Fruiting: September - January. Distribution: Latur and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Occasionally found in ponds, roadside ditches and stagnant water tanks in urban areas. Exsiccata: Osmanabad town (N E ), RDG Lemna perpusilla Torr. Fl. New York 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: L. minor auct. non L. 1753; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: L. paucicostata auct. non Hegelm. 1868; Hook. f. loc. cit.; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad Free floating herbs; roots ca 3 cm long, sharply pointed at apex (clearly seen in fresh material); sheath with 2-lateral narrow wings at base. Fronds floating, 1 or 2- few together, flat, ovate-obovate or ellipsoid, 1-5 x mm, flat, thin, membranous, margins entire, upper surface with 1 distinct papilla at apex and 2-3 papillae above the node, lower surface not reddish tinged, 3-nerved. Flowers in inflorescence of 1 female & 2 male flowers, enclosed in sheath; anthers 2-locular; ovaries 1-ovulate. Fruits ellipsoid, compressed, not winged. Seed 1 in each fruit, indistinctly 8-25 longitudinal ribbed. Flowering & Fruiting: October - May.

8 54 Ecology: Abundant in stagnant water of lakes near human habitation. Exsiccata: Near Paranda fort, Osmanabad (N E ), RDG Monstera Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: nom. cons. 1a. Leaves with large irregular holes; margins entire.. M. obliqua 1b. Leaves without holes; margins pinnate M. deliciosa Monstera deliciosa Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjoben. 1: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Perennial, robust and extensive climbers; stem thick, dark green, rooting at nodes. Leaves ovate, x cm, cordate at base, undivided, variously deeply pinnatisect, thick, glabrous; petioles stout, shorter than the blades, deeply channeled. Flowering & Fruiting: Not seen. Distribution: Beed, Latur and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Often cultivated in gardens; native of Central America and Mexico. Exsiccata: Patoda town, Beed (N E ), RDG Monstera obliqua Miq. in Linnaea 18: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: More or less similar to Monstera deliciosa Liebm., differs as shown in key. Leaves elliptic, x cm, tapering towards apex. Flowering & Fruiting: Not seen. Ecology: Commonly cultivated in gardens; native of Mexico and Brazil. Exsiccata: Washi (N E ), RDG Philodendron Schott, Wien. Zeitschr. Kunst 3: nom. cons. 1a. Tall, gigantic climbers with x cm leaf blades P. giganteum 1b. Medium sized or small climbers with x 6-30 cm leaf blades a. Leaves deeply divided and cordate at base.. P. cordatum 2b. Leaves shallowly lobed, rounded or sub-cordate at base... P. lacerum

9 55 Philodendron cordatum Kunth ex Schott, Syn. Aroid ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Climbing herbs or sub shrubs; stem branched, woody, with many clinging roots. Leaves ovate, elongated, x 6-20 cm, glabrous, cordate at base, deeply divided into lobes; basal lobes cordate-oblong, ca 10 cm long; petioles long, glabrous. Spathes and spadices not seen. Distribution: Beed and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Cultivated as indoor plant; native of Brazil. Exsiccata: Chausala, Beed (N E ), RDG Philodendron giganteum Schott, Syn. Aroid ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Perennial, robust herbs; stem thick, rotting at nodes with long aerial roots. Leaves ovate, cordate or orbicular, margins entire, acute at apex; petioles ca 90 cm long. Spathes and spadices not seen. Ecology: Commonly grown in public and private gardens; native of West Indies. Philodendron lacerum Schott in Wien. Zeitschr. 3: ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Stout, perennial, climbing herbs or subshrubs; stem terete, rooting at nodes. Leaves ovate, x cm, shallowly cordate at base, margins shallowly lobed, acute to acuminate at apex; petioles stout, ca 40 cm long. Spathes not seen. Distribution: Ahmednagar, Beed, Latur and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Commonly cultivated in gardens; native of tropical America. Exsiccata: Washi (N E ), RDG Pistia L. Sp. Pl. 2: Pistia startiotes L. Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Pradhan & Singh, Fl. Ahmednagar ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b:

10 56 Free floating, stoloniferus-aquatic herbs. Leaves sessile, in rosettes, obovatecuneate, 2-10 x 1-6 cm, somewhat spongy, pubescent on both surfaces, rounded or retuse at apex; sheath ligulate, very short, scarious at base. Spathe white. Spadix short, mostly adnate to spathe, with free apical male flowers and female flowers with single gynoecium at base. Male flower in whorls of 2-8, sessile flowers with connate and yellow anthers; dehisces by single apical slit. Female flowers solitary; ovary oblong, adnate to the spadix, ovules many; style conical to attenuate, stigma discoid. Fruits ovoid with thin wall, breaks irregularly. Seeds many. Flowering & Fruiting: February - May. Distribution: Beed and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Occasional, in stagnant water of tanks, lakes and rivers. Exsiccata: R.P. College, Osmanabad (N E ), RDG Note: It is fodder of ducks and pigs. Rhaphidophora Hasskarl, Fl. 25(2 Beibl. 1): Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Schott, Bonpl. (Hannover) 5: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Photos pertusus Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: (Wall. ed.). R. aurea auct. non (Lind. & Andre) Birdsey 1962; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: Herbaceous extensive climbers; stems green with prominent irregular longitudinal whitish-scars, terete, rooting at nodes. Leaves oblong-elliptic, 6-20 x 5-15 cm, glabrous, uniformly green or with yellow, white blotched, rounded or slightly cordate at base, margins entire, acuminate at apex; petioles green, ca 6 cm long. Spathes and spadix not seen. Flowering & Fruiting: Not seen. Distribution: Ahmednagar, Beed and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Frequently grown as indoor herb; native of Solomon Island. Syngonium Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 3: Syngonium auritum Schott, in Wien. Zeitschr. Kunst. 3: ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b:

11 57 Climbing herbs; stem terete, rooting at nodes. Leaves broadly ovate, ca 30 x 40 cm, pedately divided into 3-7, ovate lobes. Spathe and spadix not seen. Flowering & Fruiting: Not seen. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Cultivated as indoor herbs; native of tropical America. Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid, Beitr. Bot. 1: nom. cons. Wolffia globosa (Roxb.) Hart. & Plas, Blumea 18: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5b: Lemna globosa Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: Aquatic herbs; roots absent. Fronds floating or just below the water surface, ovoid or elliptic to oblong, x mm, rounded or slightly pointed at apex, papilla absent; adaxial surface transparently green with 1-10 or more stomatas; pigment cells absent in vegetative tissue. Flowers minute, one stamen and one ovary occur side by side. Fruits black, granule-like. Flowering & Fruiting: October - May. Distribution: Throughout the region Ecology: Common in stagnant water of lakes near human habitation. Exsiccata: Ambajogai town (N E ), RDG HYDROCHARITACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons. (as Hydrocharides) 1a. Perianth well developed, usually in two series of three each; ovary inferior. 2 1b. Perianth reduced, scale-like, hyaline or absent, ovary superior. Najas 2a. Stem well developed, branched; leaves throughout or cauline.. 3 2b. Stem absent or stoloniferus; leaves radical 4 3a. Leaves alternate; perianth in 1 series; seeds many... Nechamandra 3b. Leaves whorled; perianth in 2 series; seeds Hydrilla 4a. Leaves petiolate; flowers bisexual; perianth ca 2.5 cm long Ottelia 4b. Leaves sessile; flowers unisexual; perianth ca 3 mm long Vallisneria Hydrilla A. Richard, Mem. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 1811(2): 9, 61,

12 58 Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle, III. Bot. Himal. t ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Serpicula verticillata L. f. Suppl. Pl Submerged, dioecious, aquatic herbs; roots fibrous; stem slender, ca 60 cm long, rotting at nodes. Leaves sessile, in whorls of 3-8, linear or linear-oblong, x cm, pale green. Flowers axillary, solitary. Male flowers enclosed in muricated spathe, short pedicelled, green; outer perianth sepaloid, white, ca 2.3 mm long; inner petaloid, reflexed, white or reddish, oblong, ca 2 x 0.5 mm; stamens 3. Female flowers in tubular spathe, perianth similar to male flowers; ovary cylindrical, longer than spathe, beaked; styles 2 to 3. Fruit muriculate. Seeds 2-3, brown. Flowering & Fruiting: January - April. Distribution: Beed, Latur, Osmanabad and Solapur districts. Ecology: Frequent in perennial water bodies such as lakes, dams and rivers. Exsiccata: Kalavati Lake, Ambajogai (N E ), RDG Najas L. Sp. Pl. 2: a. Basal leaves truncate at apex; male flowers enclosed in spathe, female flowers naked N. indica 1b. Basal leaves acute at apex; male and female flowers naked.. 2 2a. Anthers 4-thecous (sporangiate); teeth of leaf margins indistinct... N. graminea 2b. Anthers 1-thecous (sporangiate); teeth of leaf margins distinct. N. malesiana Najas graminea Delile, Descr. Egypte Hist. Nat. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad & Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Aquatic herbs. Leaves alternate, narrowly linear, x 0.1 cm, margins with many spinous teeth, acute at apex; sheath mm long, covered with spines; auricles triangular or lanceolate, 1-2 mm long, margins serrulate with several teeth, acute at apex. Flowers unisexual, 1 or sometimes 2 or 3 together in the upper axils of

13 59 leaves. Male flowers usually toward upper axils, perianth lobes distinct, rounded to globular; pedicels ca 2 mm long; spathe absent; anther elliptic, 1-2 mm long, 4- thecous. Female flowers mm long; style ca 1 mm long; stigmas 2. Fruit ellipsoid or oblong, mm long. Seeds ellipsoid-oblong, pitted. Flowering & Fruiting: June - October. Distribution: Beed and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Common in stagnant water of lakes and tanks. Exsiccata: Bawchi (Bhalgaon), Kej (N E ), RDG Najas indica (Willd.) Cham. in Linnaea 4: ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Caulinia indica Willd. in Mem. Acad. Berlin , t. 1, f Monoecious, submerged aquatic herbs; stem submerged, cm long, profusely branched in upper part, internodes without spines. Leaves alternate, linear, subterete to triangular in cross section, cm long. Flowers solitary; male flowers solitary, enclosed in cm long spathe, neck conical, anther 1-thecous (sporangiate); female flower naked, mm long, without spathe, often 2-3 together, style with 2-stigmas. Fruits snow-white. Seeds slightly recurved at apex. Flowering & Fruiting: December - April. Distribution: Beed district. Ecology: Occasional, in stagnant water of rivers and lakes. Exsiccata: Bindusara Lake (Pali), Beed (N E ), RDG Najas malesiana W.J. de Wilde, Acta Bot. Neerl. 10: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India N. graminea Delile var. minor Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 5: & in Engler. Pfreich ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: Monoecious, slender, aquatic herbs; stems smooth, without spines. Leaves linear, cm, auriculate at base, margins spinous, acute or acuminate at apex; sheath auriculate, serrulate or lacerate with 3-10 spines on each side, acuminate at apex. Flowers unisexual, in the axils of leaves; male flowers naked, anthers 1-thecous (sporangiate); female flowers naked with 2 stigmas. Fruit ellipsoid, ca 2 mm long. Seeds elliptic-oblong with longitudinal rows of 4 to 5 angular pits. Flowering & Fruiting: November - June.

14 60 Distribution: Beed, Latur and Osmanabad districts. Ecology: Common in stagnant water of lakes and rivers. Exsiccata: Kuslamb-dam, Patoda (N E ), RDG Nechamandra Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 11: Nechamandra alternifolia (Roxb.) Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Vallisneria alternifolia Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 2: t & in Fl. Ind. 3: N. roxburghii Planch. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 3, 11: (excl. syn. of V. alternifolia Roxb.). Lagarosiphon roxburghii (Planch.) Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 3: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: L. alternifolia (Roxb.) Druce in Repr. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Is. 1916: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) Perennial, submerged, dioecious, aquatic herbs; stem much branched, cm long, filiform. Leaves sessile, alternate, 7-12 x cm, margins minutely serrulate, acute at apex. Flowers minute, in axillary spathe. Male flowers per spathe, on translucent peduncles, shortly pedicellate; spathe translucent, 2-valved; perianth segments oblong, pinkish-green, white; stamens 2; filaments ca 0.3 mm long. Female flower solitary, sessile on 4-5 mm long spathe, tubular, bifid; perianth mm long; ovary flattened, lanceolate, produced into long, filiform, flexuous beak; styles retuse at apex, densely papillate. Fruits ovoid, oblong or linear. Seeds numerous. Flowering & Fruiting: August - February. Distribution: Beed district. Ecology: Occasional in shallow water ponds. Note: It is included on authority of V.N. Naik (op. cit.). Ottelia Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Pradhan &

15 61 Singh, Fl. Ahmednagar ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Stratiotes alismodies L. Sp. Pl. 1: Annual, submerged, succulent aquatic herbs, with fibrous roots. Leaves all radical, spirally arranged, submerged in water, very variable in shape and size, usually ovate-elliptic, obovate, suborbicular, cordate, 5-15 x 3-18 cm, margins undulate; petioles 3-gonous. Flowers bisexual, solitary, axillary, on 3-30 cm long peduncles; spathe often emerged, 2 or 3-lobed at apex, with 3-6 longitudinal, unequal, undulate wings; mouth 5-6 toothed. Outer perianth segments green, oblong, ca 1.5 cm long, persistent; inner segments obovate, ca 2.5 cm long; white, with a yellow spot at base. Stamens 6-8. Ovary oblong; styles 6-10, deeply 2-lobed. Seeds many. Flowering & Fruiting: September - February. Distribution: Beed, Latur, Osmanabad and Solapur districts. Ecology: Common in shallow water of ponds, rivers and tanks. Exsiccata: Pandhryachiwadi, Kej (N E ), RDG Vallisneria L. Sp. Pl. 2: Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 49: ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Physkium natans Lour. Fl. Cochinch V. spiralis L. Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) Submerged aquatic herbs, with tuberous rhizome, ca 2 mm across, usually smooth; stem condensed. Leaves sheathing at base, linear, ribbon-shaped, 4-30 x cm, margins entire or inconspicuously serrate, obtuse at apex. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers in spathe; perianth segments 3, green, oblong, strongly convex; stamens 1-3, filaments sometimes 2-lobed at apex, with hairs at base. Female flowers solitary, on ca 2 cm long spathe; perianth greenish-purple; staminodes 3, each bifid; Ovary narrow, much exceeding the spathe. Fruit linear, included in spathe. Seeds many. Flowering & Fruiting: October - April. Ecology: Common, in shallow stagnant water of ponds and rivers. Exsiccata: Naldurg (N E ), RDG- 771.

16 62 POTAMOGETONACEAE Berchtold & Presl 1a. Leaf blades opaque, channeled; stipules adnate.. Stuckenia 1b. Leaf blades translucent, flat; stipules free or if adnate then less than half length of stipule.... Potamogeton Potamogeton L. Sp. Pl. 1: a. Leaves submerged and floating.. P. nodosus 1b. Leaves submerged only 2 2a. Leaves ovate-oblong; flowers dense in axillary spike... P. perfoliatus 2b. Leaves linear-oblong; flowers few in terminal spike.. P. crispus Potamogeton crispus L. Sp. Pl. 1: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Submerged, perennial herbs; rhizome present, terete to slightly flattened; stems cm long, compressed, sparsely branched; Leaves linear-oblong, 3-8 x cm, prominently 3-9-nerved, rounded to semi-amplexicaul at base, margins undulate or crisped, serrate, obtuse or rounded at apex; stipules shortly connate, membranous. Flowers small, in terminal, cylindric spikes, with 2-4 whorls of shortly distant opposite flowers; peduncles curved, cm or longer, tapering upwards. Perianth tetramerous, free, yellowish-brown, suborbicular, ca 2.5 cm long including claws. Stamens 4. Ovaries 4, distinct, 1-ovulate. Fruits ovoid, compressed, beaked. Flowering & Fruiting: September - February. Distribution: Beed district. Ecology: Occasional, in stagnant water of lakes. Exsiccata: Dhanegaon, Kej (N E ), RDG Potamogeton nodosus Poir. Encycl. Meth. Bot. Suppl. 4: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra

17 63 5a: P. indicus Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: non Roth ex Roem. et Schult. 1818; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: Perennial, submerged aquatic herbs. Leaves dimorphic; upper leaves floating, opaque, elliptic to ovate elliptic, 3-6 x 1-3 cm, leathery, with prominent nerves, cuneate at base, margins entire, acute at apex; stipules axillary, convolute, amplexicaul. Submerged leaves decaying earlier, linear to elliptic-lanceolate, x cm, margins undulate, obtuse at apex; petiole variable in length; stipules free. Flowers in axillary, leaf-opposed, cylindric spikes, densely flowered; peduncles 4-15 cm long, thicker than stem, reddish-purple tinged. Perianth suborbicular, clawed, 2-3 cm long. Stamens and carpels 4. Fruits obovoid or oblong. Flowering & Fruiting: September - February. Distribution: Beed district. Ecology: Common in ponds, ditches and rivers. Exsiccata: Bawchi (Bhalgaon), Kej (N E ), RDG Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Submerged aquatic herbs. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to broadly ovate or ovateoblong, 2-5 x cm, distinctly 3-5-veined, cordate and amplexicaul at base, margins undulate, obtuse or rounded at apex; stipules axillary, ca 2 cm long, membranous. Flowers in axillary, 2-3 cm long, cylindric, dense spike; peduncles stout, ca 15 cm long. Perianth ovate-elliptic, ca 2 mm long, greenish-brown, concave with long claw. Anthers 4, sessile at the base of perianth, 2 celled. Ovaries distinct, sessile, with 4 carpels. Fruit obliquely ovoid, mm long, compressed, with beak. Flowering & Fruiting: October - April. Distribution: Beed, Osmanabad and Solapur districts. Ecology: Occasional in shallow water of ponds and lakes. Exsiccata: Barshi town (N E ), RDG Stuckenia Borner, Bot.-Syst. Not

18 64 Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Borner, Fl. Deut. Volk Potamogeton pectinatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Submerged herbs; stems filiform to slender, terete, cm long, sparsely to densely branched. Leaves submerged, usually lime-green to dark green, filiform to narrowly linear, x mm, opaque, 1-3 nerved, channeled, acuminate to acute, occasionally obtuse or rounded with short mucro at apex; stipules adnate, fused with leaf base and stem; sheaths long, persistent, green with pale brownish margins. Flowers few in distant whorls, in interrupted, cylindric, 1-6 cm long spikes; peduncles elongated, slender. Perianth suborbicular, dull brown. Stamens and Carpels 4. Fruit obovoid, turgid, shortly beaked. Flowering & Fruiting: September - February. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Common in shallow water of ponds and lakes. Exsiccata: Sina-Kolegaon dam, Paranda (N E ), RDG ZANNICHELLIACEAE Dumortier [not Zanichelliaceae Chevallier, nom. cons.] The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [APG III] (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161: ) included the family Zannichelliaceae into Potamogetonaceae. However, it has kept separate in present work. Zannichellia L. Sp. Pl. 2: Zannichellia palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Cook, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. India ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Z. palustris L. subsp. pedicellata Wahlen. & Rosen. in Nov. Act. Upsal. 8: 227, ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: Submerged aquatic herbs; stems slender, filiform, 3-20 cm or more long. Leaves alternate or opposite, narrowly linear, filiform, 2-6 cm long, ca 1.5 mm wide,

19 65 margins entire, acuminate at apex; sheaths usually free from leaf base, membranous, stipuliform. Flowers small, unisexual, axillary, subsessile, enclosed in membranous sheath. Male flowers with solitary stamens; anthers linear, 2-3 celled; filaments elongated with age. Female flowers with cupular, hyaline perianth and 1-9 short, stipitate carpels. Fruitlet 4, stipitate, often curved, compressed, long beaked. Flowering & Fruiting: December - June. Distribution: Beed district. Ecology: Rare in ponds, lakes and rivers. Exsiccata: Yusuf-Wadgaon, Kej (N E ), RDG DIOSCOREACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons. Dioscorea L. Sp. Pl. 2: a. Plant armed with prickles; leaves 3-5 foliate. D. tomentosa 1b. Plant terete or winged not prickly; leaves simple a. Petioles 3-15 cm long; seeds winged all round... D. alata 2b. Petioles cm long; seeds winged at one end only. D. bulbifera Dioscorea alata L. Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Perennial, twining herbs. Leaves simple, alternate basally on stem, opposite on upper side of stem, ovate, 6-25 x 3-15 cm, glabrous, sagittate to deeply cordate at base, shortly acuminate or caudate at apex; petioles green with purplish tinge, 3-15 cm long, narrowly 5-winged. Male flowers solitary or a few together in cm long spikes, sometimes forming a panicle on zigzag rachis. Female flowers 1 or 2-3 together in axillary, solitary, cm long, pendulous spikes. Capsule obcordate, cm long, 3-winged; wings cm wide. Seeds winged all round. Flowering & Fruiting: August - December. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Cultivated in kitchen gardens. Exsiccata: Kunthalgiri (Washi), RDG- 631.

20 66 Dioscorea bulbifera L. Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad & Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Perennial, twining herbs. Leaves alternate, simple, ovate, 5-25 x 2-20 cm, glabrous, broadly cordate at base, margins entire or slightly undulate, caudate or acuminate at apex; petiole cm long. Male flowers solitary or 2-4 or few in short, axillary, clustered in leaf axils or along leafless, 5-10 cm long; perianth white or purple, lanceolate, mm long; stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth lobes; filaments as long as anthers. Female flowers 2-few together in axillary spikes, similar to male flowers; staminodes 6; style short, stigmas 3. Capsule winged. Seeds dark brown, winged at one ends only, oblong. Flowering & Fruiting: August - February. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Common on bushes in hill forests. Exsiccata: Hadongri, Bhoom (N E ), RDG Note: Dry fruits hanging on bushes for long times. Use: Tubers are used as food in scarcity. Dioscorea tomentosa Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Perennial, twining herbs; stem slender, prickly below. Leaves simple or 3-5- foliate, obovate, 8-20 x 3-10 cm, dark green and pubescent on upper surface, densely white tomentose beneath, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex; petiole 3-6 cm long. Male flowers in 1-3 cm long spikes in slender tomentose panicles; perianth greenishwhite, ovate-oblong, mm long, subequal, acute at apex; stamens 3; staminodes 3, as long as perianth lobes. Female flowers solitary or 2-few together in axillary cm long spikes; perianth as in male flowers; staminodes 6; style short, stigmas 3. Capsule 3-winged. Seeds ca 1.5 cm long including wing. Flowering & Fruiting: July - October. Distribution: Beed district. Ecology: Occasional in hill forests. Exsiccata: Naigaon (PT), Patoda (N E ), RDG- 841.

21 67 PANDANACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons. (as Pandaneae) Pandanus Parkinson in J. Voy. South Seas, Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Keura odorifera Forssk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab P. odoratissimus L. f. Suppl ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Gaikwad et al. J. Checklist 10(5): P. fascicularis Lamk. Encycl. 1: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad & in Marathwada 2: KEWDA Suberect or scandent, 3-7 m tall shrubs; aerial roots many, stout with conspicuous root cap. Leaves crowded at the apex of branches, 3-ranked, linear, m long, 4-5 cm wide, coriaceous, margins forward-pointed spinous. Male flowers in sapadices with numerous, subsessile, cylindric, 5-10 cm long spikes, enclosed in long, white, fragrant, caudate acuminate spathes; stamens many; filaments united into 6-10 mm long column; anthers longer than filaments, cuspidate. Female flowers in solitary, globose, 4-5 cm across spadix; carpels united into group of 6-10; stigmas short; stigmas short. Fruits oblong or globose syncarpium, cm in diameter, yellow. Flowering & Fruiting: August - December. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Occasional in water logged areas along streams. Exsiccata: Papnas, Osmanabad (N E ), RDG- 195; Papnas (N E ), R.D. Gore COLCHICACEAE A.P. de Candolle, nom. cons. 1a. Plants climbing or scandent; leaf apex modified into tendrils; flowers yellow-red, more than 4 cm long Gloriosa 1b. Plants erect often scapigerous; leaf apex not modified into tendrils; flowers white, pink or purple, up to 4 cm long Iphigenia Gloriosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: Gloriosa superba L. Sp. Pl. 1: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad & Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in

22 68 Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: BACHNAG, KAL-LAVI Perennial, climbing, branched herbs; rhizome usually forked, fleshy, v-shaped. Leaves alternate or occasionally opposite, shortly petiolate, lanceolate to ovatelanceolate, 7-15 x 2-4 cm, glaucous green, margins entire, apex long caudate with a tendril. Flowers nodding, large in axillary, solitary or subcorymbose towards the end of branches; pedicels 5-15 cm long with deflexed tip. Perianth segments distinct, bright red, proximally tinged with yellow, linear-oblanceolate, x cm, slightly clawed at base, margins crisped, acute or obtuse at apex, reflexed. Filaments 3-4 cm long, spreading. Stigma trifid, with 6-7 mm long lobes. Capsules fusiform or linear-oblong, 4-5 x 1-2 cm, ribbed. Seeds many. Flowering & Fruiting: August - November. Ecology: Common along streams in hill forests. Exsiccata: Naigaon (PT), Patoda (N E ), RDG- 158; Yedshi, Osmanabad (N E ), R.D. Gore Use: Root tuber and seeds yields colchicines. Aerial stem uses for easy delivery of pregnant women (Naik, loc. cit. 867). Iphigenia Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: nom. cons. 1a. Flowers pale pink or white I. pallida 1b. Flowers purple 2 2a. Branched herbs; filaments glabrous. I. magnifica 2b. Unbranched herbs; filaments hairy. I. indica Iphigenia indica (L.) A. Gray. in Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad & Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Pradhan & Singh, Fl. Ahmednagar ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Melanthium indicum L. Mant. 2: Perennial, 5-25 cm tall herbs; corms globose, 1-2 cm across; aerial stem annual, erect. Leaves alternate, few, sessile, linear, 6-15 x cm, conspicuous midvein beneath, sheathing and clasping at base, margins entire, acute to acuminate at

23 69 apex. Flowers 2-10, in terminal, erect racemes; bracts linear, cm long, lower leafy; pedicels 1-3 cm long. Perianth segments dark purple, distinct, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 7-10 x mm, spreading, reflexed. Stamens 2-4 mm long; filaments flattened, papillose or hairy, dark purple; anthers ca 1 mm long. Styles 3; stigma lobes recurved. Capsules oblong-ellipsoid, x cm, 3-grooved. Seeds subglobose, brown. Flowering & Fruiting: June - September. Ecology: Occasional, amidst in grasses on hill slopes. Exsiccata: Kharda, Jamkhed (N E ), RDG Iphigenia magnifica Ansari & Rolla Rao in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1-4): ; Ahmedullah & Nayar, Endem. Pl. Ind. Reg. 1: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Mishra & Singh, Endem. Threat. Fl. Pl. Maharashtra ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: ; Gaikwad et al. in J. Threat. Taxa 4(4): 2520, f. 15 & Erect, 5-30 cm tall herbs; underground corm subglobose, tunicated, 2.5 x 2 cm. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, 7-20 x cm, sheathing at base, acute at apex. Flowers few in terminal, erect racemes; bracts linear, the lower leafy; pedicels cm long. Perianth segments 6, dark brownish-purple, spreading, linear, subulate, 1-2 x cm, narrowed at base, acute at apex. Filaments flattened, glabrous, dark purple. Ovary oblong; style 3, recurved. Capsules oblong-ellipsoid, x 6-7 mm, 3-grooved, obtuse. Seeds many, ellipsoid or subglobose, 2 mm in diam., brown. Flowering & Fruiting: August - November. Distribution: Osmanabad and Solapur districts. Ecology: Rare, amidst in grasses on the bank of small streams. Exsiccata: Ramling, Osmanabad (N E ), RDG Note: The collection of Iphigenia magnifica from Balaghat region forms a new plant record for Marathwada region. It is endemic to Maharashtra & Karnataka. Iphigenia pallida Baker in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Ahmedullah & Nayar, Endem. Pl. Ind. Reg. 1: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Naik, Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a:

24 Figure 4. Eulophia graminea: A habit, B flowering twig, C flower, D capsules. 70

25 71 Erect, 5-15 cm tall herbs; corms ovoid, ca 1.5 cm across, tunicate. Leaves alternate, many, sessile, linear, upper once smaller, 6-10 x cm, sheathing at base, margins entire, acute to acuminate at apex. Flowers 1-4, in terminal, erect, corymbose racemes; bracts linear, small; pedicels cm long. Perianth segments pale pink or pure white, linear-lanceolate, mm long, spreading. Capsules obovoid or ellipsoid, 1-2 x cm, 3-grooved, obtuse at apex. Seeds subglobose. Flowering & Fruiting: July - September. Distribution: Beed, Latur, Osmanabad and Solapur districts. Ecology: Common on open gravely slopes. Exsiccata: Gangewadi, Patoda (N E ), RDG Note: It is endemic to India. ORCHIDACEAE Jussieu (as Orchideae), nom. cons. 1a. Pollinia granular, powdery, soft or sectile; leaves inarticulate b. Pollinia waxy; leaves often articulated at base. Eulophia 2a. Lip spurred; anther cells not narrow at apex, persistent. Habenaria 2b. Lip not purred; anther cells narrowed at apex, deciduous.. Zeuxine Eulophia R. Brown in Bot. Reg. 7: ad, t (as Eulophus). nom. cons. 1a. Roots tuberous; flowers greenish-yellow; spur ca 3 mm long E. ramentacea 1b. Roots fusiform; flowers greenish-pink; spur mm long.. E. graminea Eulophia graminea Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: ; Gaikwad et al. in J. Threat. Taxa 4(4): 2519, f. 13 & & in Bhale & Sawant, Proc. Pl. Sci. Sustain. Agri. Rural Dev. 138, t (Figure 4) Pseudobulbs pyriform to conical. Leaves linear with sheathing leaf bases, lower reduced to sheaths, upper 7-27 x cm, leafless at time of flowering, quite robust. Scape lateral, exceeding the leaves, 1-2 per pseudo bulb, slender, x cm, with scattered, broadly ovate, ca 10 mm long sheaths. Flowers 8-20, in branched or unbranched, ca 60 cm long racemes. Sepals greenish-yellow with brown

26 72 veins, lanceolate, obtuse at apex. Petals whitish-pink, cm broad, apex acute. Labellum (lip) ca 1.2 cm long, 3-lobed. Capsule ellipsoid-oblong, x cm. Flowering & Fruiting: October - May. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Rare on wet margins of temporary streams, nalas and on field bunds. Exsiccata: Apsinga, Tuljapur (N E ), RDG Note: Bachulkar & Yadav (1993) had reported this species from sugarcane fields near Islampur of Sangli district where they had seen only two individuals. The present collection confirms its occurrence as well as its extended distribution in Maharashtra. Eulophia ramentacea Lindl. ex Wightt. Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5(1): 5, t ; Santapau & Kapadia in J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 59: ; Ahmedullah & Nayar, Endem. Pl. Ind. Reg. 1: ; Naik, Fl. Osmanabad & Fl. Marathwada 2: ; Lakshminarasimhan in Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra (Monocot.) ; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5a: Pseudobulb irregularly 3 cornered. Leaves 2-4, plicate, oblong-lanceolate or linear, x 1-3 cm. Flowers in lax racemes, appearing before leaves, on cm long scape, with few, acute, sheaths at base, bracts beneath the pedicels, ovatelanceolate, mm long, persistent, acuminate at apex; pedicels ca mm long. Sepals greenish or brownish-yellow, elliptic-oblong, x 5-6 mm, with 5-nerves, obtuse at apex. Spur 2-3 mm long. Lip broader than long, 8-10 x 12-15; side lobes larger, oblong, 5 mm long; middle lobe 3 mm long, orbicular. Capsules greenishpurple, ellipsoid, cm long, ribbed. Seeds numerous. Flowering & Fruiting: November - March. Distribution: Osmanabad district. Ecology: Occasional in pastures along streams. Exsiccata: Sindphal, Tuljapur (N E ), RDG Note: This species so far known only from Osmanabad district. It is endemic to India. Habenaria Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 5, a. Flowers greenish-white; spur ca 3.5 cm long; anther cells long... H. roxburghii 1b. Flowers greenish-yellow; spur ca 1.2 cm long; anther cells short H. marginata