ACORACEAE ALISMATACEAE ARACEAE HYDROCHARITACEAE IRIDACEAE JUNCAGINACEAE TYPHACEAE/SPARGANIACEAE

Transcription

1 AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO MISCELLANEOUS MONOCOT FAMILIES IN ALBERTA ACORACEAE ALISMATACEAE ARACEAE HYDROCHARITACEAE IRIDACEAE JUNCAGINACEAE TYPHACEAE/SPARGANIACEAE Compiled and written by Linda Kershaw & Lorna Allen April 2018 Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen

2 This key was compiled using information primarily from Moss (1983), Packer & Gould (2018), Douglas et. al. (2001) and the Flora of North America ( ). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). Please let us know if there are ways in which the keys can be improved. The families are arranged alphabetically. The 2017 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2017) are noted in superscript ( S1;S2;SU ) after the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. If naturalized, exotic orchids are discovered in Alberta, their names would be followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious ( X; XX; XXX ) in the Alberta Weed Control Act.

3 ALISMATACEAE Waterplantain Family Key to Genera 0 Emersed leaves egg-shaped to lance-shaped; submersed leaves ribbon-like or absent; stamens 6(9); flowers/fruits in a single ring (whorl) on a small, flat stem tip (receptacle)..... Alisma 0 Emersed leaves arrowhead-shaped; submersed leaves without blades (usually) or arrowhead-shaped; stamens 7-25; flowers/ fruits spirally arranged on a large, convex receptacle.... Sagittaria ALISMA Waterplantain (a-lis-ma; a-lēs-ma) 0 Leaves oval-lance-shaped (emergent) or strap-like (submersed); flower clusters usually shorter than the leaves, often with branches bent back/down; style ovary length; anthers egg-shaped to rounded; stamens ± as long as the ovaries... Alisma gramineum 0 Leaves egg-shaped to oval (all emergent); flower clusters taller than the leaves, with branches angled upwards; style ovary length; anthers football-shaped; stamens 2X as long as the ovaries.... Alisma triviale... [Alisma plantago-aquatica] SAGITTARIA Arrowhead (sa-jit-tā-rē-a; sa-gē-ta-rē-a) 0 Achene beak ( ) erect or incurved, mm long; achenes egg-shaped, with a keel on the lower/outer side, x mm; leaves emersed, floating and submersed; emersed blades heart- to arrowhead-shaped (rarely narrower) with basal lobes shorter than the upper section, x cm sagittaria cuneata 0 Achene beak ( ) horizontal, pointing inward, 1-2 mm long; achenes lance-shaped, without a keel on the lower/outer side, x 2 mm; leaves all emersed; blades arrowhead-shaped (rarely narrower) with basal lobes equalling or shorter than the upper section, x 2-17 cm.... Sagittaria latifolia 3

4 2a ARACEAE [includes LEMNACEAE] Arum/Duckweed Family 0 Plants cm tall with well-developed stems and leaves; leaves egg- to heart-shaped, 5-12 x 4-11 cm; flowers and fruits in a dense, 1-3 cm spike (spadix) above a white, 3-6(8) cm long, leaf-like bract (spathe).. Calla palustris 0 Plants tiny, 1-10 mm wide, flattened, ± discshaped or lobed, without stems and leaves; rarely flowering a 02a Plants without veins, mm long, without roots.... Wolffia 02b Plants veined, 2 mm long, with 1 root(s) a Roots 7-21; plants ± circular, 3-8 mm wide, reddish beneath, 7- to 16-veined Spirodela polyrhiza 03b Roots single; plants 3-lobed or egg-shaped to ± circular, if rounded then 1-4 mm wide, green or reddish beneath, 1- to 5-veined... Lemna LEMNA Duckweed (LEM-na; LĀM-na) 0 Plants oblong to lance-shaped, 6-10(12) mm long, stalked, in zig-zag chains or ± 3-lobed clumps, mostly submersed, often in large colonies Lemna trisulca 0 Plants egg-shaped to ± circular, 1-4 mm long, without stalks, floating singly or in small rosettes, often coating the water surface Lemna turionifera [Lemna minor] WOLFFIA Watermeal (WOOL-fē-a) 0 Plants boat-shaped (oval to egg-shaped with upcurved, pointed tips), 0.3-1X as deep as wide, 1.3-2X as long as wide....wolffia borealis 0 Plants ± spherical, blunt-tipped, 1-1.5X as deep as wide, 1-1.3X as long as wide; Dry Mixedwood and Central Parkland in the Edmonton area.... Wolffia columbiana S2 4

5 HYDROCHARITACEAE [includes NAJADACEAE] Waterweed 0 Leaves ± paired, mostly 2 or 4/joint, with expanded bases clasping the stem; sepals and petals absent.... Najas 0 Leaves in rings of 3-8 (some 2/joint in Elodea bifoliata), without expanded bases; sepals and petals present a 2b 02a Leaves with prickles on the lower/outer side of the midvein; leaf-axil scales fringed with orange-brown hairs; not yet in AB in 2017, but a noxious weed spreading rapidly in the US and considered a significant threat Hydrilla verticillata X 02b Leaves without prickles on the midvein; leafaxil scales smooth edged.... Elodea ELODEA Waterweed (e-lō-dē-a; e-lō-dā-a) 0 Upper leaves paired, mm long; flowerheads mm long.... Elodea bifoliata S2... [Elodea longivaginata] 0 Upper leaves in rings (whorls) of 3-4, 4-15 mm long; flowerheads 2-13 mm long a 2b 02a Leaves (1.7) mm wide, tapered to a slender point; flowerheads 2-4 mm long; styles 1-2 mm.... Elodea nuttallii X 02b Leaves (1.1)1.5-5 mm wide, broadly pointed to blunt tipped; flowerheads 8-13 mm long; styles usually mm. Elodea canadensis S2 NAJAS Naiad (NA-yas) 0 Leaves (10)15-35 mm long, the dilated base 2-3 mm wide; seeds glossy, smooth (sometimes with tiny dots), egg-shaped, deep brown to yellow; anthers 1- chambered Najas flexilis 0 Leaves 5-15 mm long, the dilated base 1-2 mm wide; seeds dull, pitted, spindle-shaped, yellowish white to greenish, reddish brown or purplish; anthers 1- or 4-chambered Najas guadalupensis S1 5

6 IRIDACEAE Iris Family 0 Leaves 5-10 mm wide; flowers ±6 cm long; sepals and petals different.... Iris 0 Leaves 1-4 mm wide; flowers ±1 cm long; sepals and petals similar... Sisyrinchium IRIS Iris (Ī-ris; Ē-rēs) 0 Flowers mainly blue and white, 1-3/stalk; stems 20-50(60) cm tall; leaves x cm; swab.... Iris missouriensis S2 0 Flowers mainly yellow, 3-10/stalk; stems cm tall; leaves x 1-3 cm Iris pseudacorus XXX SISYRINCHIUM Blue-eyed-grass (si-si-rin-kē-um; sē-sē-rēn-kē-oom) 0 Leaves 1-4 mm wide; flowers dark bluish violet (rarely white); outer tepals 9-14 mm long, notched at the bristle-tip; flower stalks mostly longer than the inner bract; fairly common throughout AB.... Sisyrinchium montanum 0 Leaves 1-2 mm wide; flowers pale blue to whitish; outer tepals 8-9 mm long, rounded at the bristle-tip; flower stalks mostly shorter than the inner bract; uncommon in sab Sisyrinchium septentrionale 6

7 JUNCAGINACEAE Arrowgrass Family 0 Plants annual, with fibrous roots; flower clusters of 2 types (#1) and/or flower intermixed in stalked, spike-like clusters 1-4 cm long (mostly) (#2) single, stalkless flowers with styles up to 30 cm long, hidden in basal leaf sheaths; flowers mostly or (unisexual) with 0-1 tepals, 0-1 anthers and 0-1 stigmas.... Lilaea scilloides 0 Plants perennial, with spreading rhizomes; flower clusters elongating spike-like 6-30(45) cm long; flowers + (bisexual), with 6 tepals 6, 4 or 6 stamens, and 3 or 6, feathery stigmas.... Triglochin TRIGLOCHIN Arrow-grass (trī-glō-kin; trē-glō-kēn) 0 Fruits oblong to ± spherical, x mm, rounded at the base; stigmas/seeds Triglochin maritima 0 Fruits narrowly club-shaped, 7-8 x mm, tapered to the base; stigmas/seeds Triglochin palustris 7

8 TYPHACEAE [includes SPARGANIACEAE] Cattail Family 0 Flowers in cylindrical heads >10 cm long (cattails); leaves all stiffly emergent, flat on both sides; floating leaves absent Typha latifolia 0 Flowers in spherical heads <3 cm long; leaves emergent, floating and submerged; emergent leaves often keeled (sometimes only weakly so on the lower/outer side); floating leaves typically long and ribbon-like... Sparganium SPARGANIUM Burreed (spar-gā-nē-um; spar-ga-nē-oom) 0 Stigmas 2; mature achenes broadly pyramidshaped, widest and squared at the tip, tapered to a narrow base; plants emergent, cm tall; fruiting heads (1.5)2-3(5) cm Sparganium eurycarpum 0 Stigmas 1; mature achenes football-shaped; plants usually with emergent, floating and submerged parts, mostly <50 cm tall; fruiting heads (0.5)1-2(3.5) cm a Achene beak mm long; heads solitary b Achene beak mm long; heads (1)2-several b 3a 03a Achene beak mm; head adjacent to the upper head; heads stalkless (the lowest 1 sometimes stalked) in leaf axils; leaves 1-5 mm wide, opaque, often yellowish sparganium hyperboreum 03b Achene beak mm long; head separate from the heads; heads (at least 1) stalked above the leaf axil; leaves 2-8 mm wide, translucent, mostly dark green... Sparganium natans [Sparganium minimum] 04a Flowers, fruits and some leaves and stems stiffly erect and emergent; leaves usually strongly keeled b Flowers, fruits, leaves and stems all limp and floating; leaves usually flat a 05a heads 1(2); heads (2) cm wide; achene beak mm long Sparganium glomeratum S1 05b heads 3-7(10); heads cm wide; achene beak mm long Sparganium emersum...[sparganium angustifolium, in part] 5b 8

9 7a 6a 06a Main axis of the flower cluster usually branched at least once; tepals attached near the middle or the fruit stalk; anthers mm long; nab, Cameron Hills to n shore of Lake Athabasca...Sparganium fluctuans S1 06b Main axis of the flower cluster unbranched; tepals at the base of the fruit stalk; anthers 1 mm long a heads (at least some) separate from others; achene beak mm long, straight or curved; leaves keeled near the base Sparganium emersum...[sparganium angustifolium, in part] 07b heads contiguous, like 1 elongated head; achene beak mm long, straight; leaves flat.... Sparganium angustifolium...[sparganium angustifolium, in part] 7b 9

10 References Alberta Conservation Information Management System (ACIMS) List of all Vascular Plant Taxa Confirmed for Alberta as recorded in the ACIMS database - July 2017.in A. Parks, editor. ACIMS, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. Brouillet, L., F. Coursol, S.J. Meades, M. Favreau, M. Anions, P. Bélisle & P. Desmet VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. data.canadensys.net/vascan/ Douglas, G. W., D. Meidinger, and J. Pojar Illustrated flora of British Columbia. Volume 6 Monocotyledons (Acoraceae through Najadaceae). British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia. Flora North America Editorial Committee Flora North America website. Oxford University Press. Accessed Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2 edition. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. Lesica, P Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas. Looman, J. and K. F. Best Budd s flora of the Canadian prairie provinces. No Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, Quebec. Moss, E. H Flora of Alberta. 2nd edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. Packer, J. G. and A. J. Gould Vascular Plants of Alberta Part 1: Ferns, Fern Allies, Gymnosperms, and Monocots. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta. Province of Alberta Weed Control Act, Office Consolidation. Alberta Regulation 19/2010 with amendments up to and including Alberta Regulation 125/2016. Published by Alberta Queen s Printer. Accessed on-line at www. qp.alberta.ca.. 10

11 Scientific Name Acorus americanus Alisma gramineum Alisma triviale Butomus umbellatus Calla palustris Elodea bifoliata Elodea canadensis Elodea nuttallii Hydrilla verticillata Iris missouriensis Iris pseudacorus Lemna trisulca Lemna turionifera Lilaea scilloides Najas flexilis Najas guadalupensis Ruppia cirrhosa Sagittaria cuneata Sagittaria latifolia Scheuchzeria palustris Sisyrinchium montanum Sisyrinchium septentrionale Sparganium angustifolium Sparganium emersum Sparganium eurycarpum Sparganium fluctuans Sparganium glomeratum Sparganium hyperboreum Sparganium natans Spirodela polyrhiza Tradescantia occidentalis Triglochin maritima Triglochin palustris Typha latifolia Wolffia borealis Wolffia columbiana List of Species and Illustration Sources Illus. Source JM LK JM BC BC LK BC JM Key to Illustration Sources BC = Douglas et al (2001), courtesy of the Province of British Columbia = Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson ( ) JM = John Maywood LK = Linda Kershaw 11

12 Index Alisma 3 gramineum 3 plantago-aquatica. See Alisma triviale triviale 3 Alismataceae 3 Araceae 4 Calla palustris 4 Elodea 5 bifoliata 5 canadensis 5 longivaginata. See Elodea bifoliata nuttallii 5 Hydrilla verticillata 5 Hydrocharitaceae 5 Iridaceae 6 Iris 6 missouriensis 6 pseudacorus 6 Juncaginaceae 7 Lemna 4 minor. See Lemna turionifera trisulca 4 turionifera 4 Lemnaceae. See Araceae Lilaea scilloides 7 Najas 5 flexilis 5 guadalupensis 5 Sagittaria 3 cuneata 3 latifolia 3 Sisyrinchium 6 montanum 6 septentrionale 6 Sparganiaceae. See Typhaceae Sparganium 8 angustifolium 9. See also Sparganium emersum emersum 8, 9 eurycarpum 8 fluctuans 9 glomeratum 8 Sparganium (cont d) hyperboreum 8 minimum 8 natans 8 Spirodela polyrhiza 4 Triglochin 7 maritima 7 palustris 7 Typha latifolia 8 Typhaceae 8 Wolffia 4 borealis 4 columbiana 4 12