Five Colorado sunflower trial locations and the 1997 acreage harvested for the top producing counties.

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2 KNOW YOUR SUNFLOWER IMPROVEMENT TEAM Jerry J. Johnson, Extension Specialist Crop Production (97) James P. Hain, Research Associate, Soil and Crop Sciences (97) Cynthia L. Johnson, Research Associate, Soil and Crop Sciences (97) Ron Meyer, Extension Agronomist, Golden Plains Area (79) Denver Five Colorado sunflower trial locations and the 997 acreage harvested for the top producing counties. Weld 6,3 Adams 3,9 Arapahoe 4 Morgan 3,2 Akron Julesburg Logan 4,8 Washington 4,6 Sedgwick 4,7 Phillips 2,6 Yuma 9,3 Idalia Elbert,2 Lincoln,2 Bethune Kit Carson 24,5 Cheyenne Wells Cheyenne,5 Kiowa 2,8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Colorado farmers who generously contributed the use of their land, equipment, and time to conduct these trials for the good of all Colorado sunflower producers and dealers: Bethune - George Stahlecker; Cheyenne Wells - Dennis Campbell; Idalia- Jim Roberts; Julesburg - Richard Fryrear. We also acknowledge the participation of the Colorado Experiment Station at Akron (Central Great Plains Field Station). Triumph Seed Co., Inc. (P.O. Box 5, Ralls TX 79357) contributed oil analyzes and Red River Commodities, Inc. (32 East College Drive, Colby KS 677) contributed seed-sizing analyzes for which we are grateful.

3 Technical Report TR 98-9 Agricultural Department of Cooperative December Experiment Soil and Crop Extension 998 Station Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... The 998 Sunflower Season... Cultural conditions for hybrid sunflower testing in 998 Table... 2 Oil Sunflower Performance Data... 2 Akron Dryland Table Bethune Irrigated Table Cheyenne Wells Dryland Table Idalia Dryland Table Julesburg Dryland Table Confection Sunflower Performance Data... 7 Akron Dryland Table Cheyenne Wells Dryland Table Idalia Dryland Table Julesburg Dryland Table Seed Company Entrants in the 998 Colorado Sunflower Performance Trials... Entry Forms for 999 Trials... Additional Copy Request... i

4 998 COLORADO SUNFLOWER PERFORMANCE TRIALS Introduction Sunflowers have become an important crop in northeastern Colorado. Sunflower acreage (mostly in Kit Carson, Cheyenne, and Yuma counties) rose from almost nothing in 99 to a high of 5, acres in 995. Confection and oil sunflowers are about equally important in terms of farm receipts. The growth in Colorado sunflower acreage signifies a shift away from the predominant winter wheat/fallow cropping system to a wheat/spring crop/fallow system. Colorado State University s cropping systems research, innovative extension education in the Golden Plains Area, and commodity prices have influenced this swing toward sunflowers and other spring planted crops. seed is used to plant all sunflower acreage in Colorado at a cost of approximately $.5 million. Many commercial hybrids are available to our producers. help our sunflower growers make better hybrid decisions, CSU personnel evaluate commercial sunflower hybrids at different locations in northeastern Colorado. These trials are the only source of unbiased hybrid performance information for Colorado sunflower growers. Participation by the seed companies in the state trials is voluntary. Commercial companies were given the opportunity to enter one or more hybrids at any location. Reference to commercial companies or hybrids is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is implied by Colorado State University. Colorado sunflower performance trials are planted annually at four dryland locations and one irrigated location. At each trial location there are separate trials for oil and for confection hybrids. In 998, the four dryland locations were Akron, Idalia, Julesburg, and Cheyenne Wells. The irrigated location was Bethune. The 998 data for the irrigated confection trial at Bethune is not included in this report due to low plant stands. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used for all trials. The center two rows of four row plots (3" spacing between rows and 4' long) were harvested for grain yield. Oil hybrids were seeded at 9, seeds/acre under dryland conditions and at 24, seeds/acre under irrigation. Confection hybrids were seeded at 5, seeds/acre under dryland conditions and at 7, seeds/acre under irrigation. In addition to seed yields (reported in pounds per acre adjusted to % moisture content), test weight, moisture at harvest, plant height, lodging, plants per acre (density), oil content (for oil hybrids ), and seed size (for confection hybrids) are also reported. The least significant difference (LSD) value, alpha=.3, is reported for yield. Oil content was determined by Triumph Seed Co., Inc. using NMR analysis from bulked samples. Oil content is expressed on a % moisture basis. The 998 Sunflower Season Both sunflower head moth and banded head moth numbers were almost nonexistent this year compared to record levels in 997. Sunflower seed weevil numbers also were lower in 998, resulting in reduced control activities. Entomologists credit winter weather for reducing insect number during the 998 growing season. Traditional hot spots for spotted sunflower stem weevil remained hot in 998. Red leaf rust showed up again in 998 but most oil types are showing continued resistance. New confection hybrids have incorporated rust resistance and only 5 acres of rust susceptible varieties were sprayed with Folicur on the eastern Colorado plains in 998. The growing season recorded warmer than normal temperatures and a later than normal killing frost. Above average precipitation at many locations allowed for above average dryland yields but oil contents were below average. Information regarding sunflower production practices and pest control can be obtained from the following source: High Plains Sunflower Production and IPM, Bulletin No. 556A, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, Fort Collins, 8523.

5 Table. Cultural conditions for hybrid sunflowers testing in 998 Akron Bethune Cheyenne Wells Idalia Julesburg Soil Type Previous Crop Fertilization N acre- P2O5 acre- Zn acre- Kieth-Kuma Loam Corn Kieth Silt Loam Wheat 3.5 Herbicide Roundup Sonalan Eptam Santana Loam Wheat 6 Kuma-Kieth Silt Loam Wheat Rago Loam Wheat 6 Sonalan Roundup Treflan Insecticide None None Asona Parathon Irrigation None Furrow None None None None Table 2. Dryland sunflower oil performance at Akron in 998 Height Density Oil lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac % Interstate IS Triumph DEKALB DK Pioneer brand Pioneer brand XF DEKALB DK Cargill X Cargill X Cargill X DEKALB DK DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Pioneer brand XF Triumph Cargill SF Pioneer brand Cargill SF Pioneer brand XF Interstate IS Pioneer brand 64A Interstate IS Interstate HYSUN Pioneer brand 63A (HO) Cargill SF29NL DEKALB DK Average CV% 28. LSD (.3) 23.9 Trial conducted on the Central Great Plains Research Center; seeded 6/2 and harvested /4. Table 3. Average dryland sunflower oil performance at Akron, lb/ac bu/ac Cargill SF Pioneer brand DEKALB DK Cargill X Pioneer brand 63A5 (HO) Pioneer brand Interstate IS DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Interstate IS DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Triumph Cargill SF29NL Cargill SF Average

6 Table 4. Irrigated sunflower oil performance at Bethune in 998 Height Density Lodging Oil lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac % % DEKALB DK Pioneer brand DEKALB DK Interstate IS Pioneer brand Cargill X DEKALB DK Cargill X Cargill SF29NL Mycogen Kaystar Triumph Pioneer brand XF Mycogen 8488NS NK brand T45-L Triumph Pioneer brand Pioneer brand 64A Pioneer brand XF Cargill SF Mycogen NK brand NK brand Pioneer brand XF Triumph DEKALB DK Mycogen DEKALB DK Pioneer brand 63A5 (HO) Interstate IS DEKALB DK Cargill X Interstate HYSUN Cargill SF Average CV% 2.8 LSD (.3) 43.6 Trial conducted on the George Stahlecker farm; seeded 5/2 and harvested /2. Table 5. Average irrigated sunflower oil performance at Bethune, lb/ac bu/ac DEKALB DK Kaystar DEKALB DK Pioneer brand Triumph DEKALB DK Pioneer brand Triumph Cargill SF29NL NK brand T45-L NK brand Cargill SF Triumph NK brand Cargill X Pioneer brand 63A5 (HO) Interstate IS DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Cargill SF Average

7 Table 6. Dryland sunflower oil performance at Cheyenne Wells in 998 Height Density Lodging Oil lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac % % DEKALB DK Kaystar Triumph NK brand Interstate HYSUN Pioneer brand XF DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Cargill SF Interstate IS Pioneer brand NK brand T45-L Pioneer brand Cargill SF29NL Pioneer brand XF NK brand DEKALB DK Triumph DEKALB DK Cargill X Pioneer brand 64A Interstate IS Cargill X Cargill SF Pioneer brand XF Pioneer brand 63A5 (HO) Pioneer brand Interstate IS Cargill X DEKALB DK Average CV% 2.2 LSD (.3) Trial conducted on the Dennis Campbell farm; seeded 6/24 and harvested /3. 4

8 Table 7. Dryland sunflower oil performance at Idalia in 998 Height Density Lodging Oil lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac % % Triumph Interstate IS Pioneer brand DEKALB DK Cargill SF DEKALB DK Cargill X Pioneer brand XF NK brand NK brand T45-L DEKALB DK Kaystar Interstate IS Pioneer brand XF Pioneer brand 63A5 (HO) Cargill SF Mycogen Interstate IS NK brand DEKALB DK Interstate HYSUN Cargill X DEKALB DK Mycogen DEKALB DK Pioneer brand XF Triumph Cargill X Mycogen 8488NS Pioneer brand Cargill SF29NL Pioneer brand 64A Mycogen Average CV% 3.2 LSD (.3) 29.4 Trial conducted on the Jim Roberts farm; seeded 6/2 and harvested /26. Table 8. Average dryland sunflower oil performance at Idalia, lb/ac bu/ac Triumph Pioneer brand Kaystar DEKALB DK Pioneer brand Cargill SF NK brand T45-L DEKALB DK NK brand NK brand Pioneer brand 63A5 (HO) Interstate IS DEKALB DK Interstate IS Cargill SF29NL Cargill SF DEKALB DK Cargill X DEKALB DK Average

9 Table 9. Dryland sunflower oil performance at Julesburg in 998 Height Density Lodging Oil lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac % % Interstate HYSUN Cargill X Pioneer brand XF Pioneer brand Interstate IS DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Pioneer brand XF Pioneer brand 63A5 (HO) Pioneer brand Pioneer brand XF Cargill SF DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Kaystar Triumph Pioneer brand 64A Interstate IS Interstate IS Cargill SF Cargill X Cargill X DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Triumph Triumph Cargill SF29NL Triumph Average CV% 2.5 LSD (.3) 248. Trial conducted on the Richard Fryrear farm; seeded 6/5 and harvested /27. Table. Average dryland sunflower oil performance at Julesburg, lb/ac bu/ac DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Triumph Pioneer brand Interstate IS Pioneer brand DEKALB DK Kaystar Cargill SF Interstate IS Cargill SF Pioneer brand 63A5 (HO) DEKALB DK DEKALB DK Cargill X Cargill SF29NL Triumph Average

10 Table. Dryland sunflower confection performance at Akron in 998 Height Density lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Triumph 52C Pioneer brand Seeds 2 Kodiak Pioneer brand 63C Triumph 765C Royal Red River RRC Triumph 76C Royal Red River RRC EX Pioneer brand EXP DE Red River RRC Average CV% 2. LSD (.3) 64.7 Trial conducted on the Central Great Plains Research Center; seeded 6/2 and harvested /4. Table 2. Average dryland sunflower confection performance at Akron, lb/ac Triumph 76C 2 Seeds 2 Kodiak 8 Red River RRC 22 6 Red River RRC Triumph 765C 39 Red River RRC Triumph 52C 945 Red River RRC Average 27 Table 3. Seed size of dryland sunflower confection performance at Akron in 998 Above 2/64 2/64 8/64 8/64 6/64 6/64 4/64 Pioneer brand 63C Pioneer brand Pioneer brand EXP DE Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC EX Royal Royal Seeds 2 Kodiak Triumph 52C Triumph 76C Triumph 765C

11 Table 4. Dryland sunflower confection performance at Cheyenne Wells in 998 Height Density Lodging lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac % Triumph 76C Pioneer brand 63C Triumph 52C Triumph 765C Pioneer brand Pioneer brand EXP DE Average CV% 23.6 LSD (.3) 29.2 Trial conducted on the Dennis Campbell farm; seeded 6/24 and harvested /3. Table 5. Seed size of dryland sunflower confection performance at Cheyenne Wells in 998 Above 2/64 2/64 8/64 8/64 6/64 6/64 4/64 Pioneer brand 63C Pioneer brand Pioneer brand EXP DE Triumph 52C Triumph 76C Triumph 765C

12 Table 6. Dryland sunflower confection performance at Idalia in 998 Height Density Lodging lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac % Triumph 76C Interstate IS EXP Pioneer brand EXP DE Triumph 52C Triumph 765C Pioneer brand 63C Seeds 2 Kodiak Pioneer brand Mycogen Average CV% 6.2 LSD (.3) Trial conducted on the Jim Roberts farm; seeded 6/2 and harvested /26. Table 7. Average dryland sunflower confection performance at Idalia, lb/ac bu/ac Triumph 76C Mycogen Triumph 52C Triumph 765C Seeds 2 Kodiak Average Table 8. Seed size of dryland sunflower confection performance at Idalia in 998 Above 2/64 2/64 8/64 8/64 6/64 6/64 4/64 Interstate IS EXP Mycogen Pioneer brand 63C Pioneer brand Pioneer brand EXP DE Seeds 2 Kodiak Triumph 52C Triumph 76C Triumph 765C

13 Table 9. Dryland sunflower confection performance at Julesburg in 998 Height Density Lodging lb/ac bu/ac in plants/ac % Triumph 765C Interstate IS EXP Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC EX Triumph 52C Triumph 76C Pioneer brand 63C Pioneer brand EXP DE Red River RRC Red River RRC Pioneer brand Average CV% 9.2 LSD (.3) 25.7 Trial conducted on the Richard Fryrear farm; seeded 6/5 and harvested /27. Table 2. Average dryland sunflower confection performance at Julesburg, lb/ac bu/ac Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Average Table 2. Seed size of dryland sunflower confection performance at Julesburg in 998 Above 2/64 2/64 8/64 8/64 6/64 6/64 4/64 Interstate IS EXP Pioneer brand 63C Pioneer brand Pioneer brand EXP DE Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC Red River RRC EX Triumph 52C Triumph 76C Triumph 765C

14 Seed Company Entrants in the 998 Colorado Sunflower Performance Trials BRAND/HYBRID ENTRANT ADDRESS TELEPHONE Royal s Agway, Inc. PO Box 69, Grandin, ND 5838 (7) Cargill Cargill Seeds 4 4 st Street NW, Fargo, ND 582 (7) DEKALB DEKALB Genetics Corp. 3 Sycamore Rd., DeKalb, IL 65 (85) Interstate Interstate Payco Seed Co. 25 Prairie Pkwy, PO Box 338, West Fargo, ND 5878 (7) Kaystar Kaystar Seed 72 3 rd Street SW, PO Box 947, Huron, SD 5735 (65) Mycogen Mycogen Seeds 34 Corporate Center Curve, St. Paul, MN (8) Northrup King Novartis Seeds Box 959, Minneapolis, MN 5544 (62) Pioneer Pioneer Hi-Bred Int l., Inc. 2 Gateway Mall Suite-3, Lincoln, NE (42) Pioneer Pioneer Hi-Bred Int l., Inc. 66 S. Kentucky, Suite C-5, Amarillo, TX 792 (86) Red River Red River Commodities, Inc. 32 East College Drive, Colby, KS 677 (93) SEEDS 2 SEEDS 2 Box, Breckenridge, MN 5652 (28) SIGCO SIGCO Sun Products, Inc. 9 North 8 th St., PO Box 33, Breckenridge, MN 5652 (28) Triumph Triumph Seed Co., Inc. PO Box 5, Hwy 62 Bypass, Ralls, TX (86) Entry Forms for 999 Trials Entry forms for 999 trials may be obtained from the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Cynthia Johnson, C-4 Science Building, Fort Collins, CO ; Telephone (97) 49-94; Fax (97) ; cjohnson@agsci.colostate.edu or web site Additional Copy Request Additional copies of this report may be ordered for $3/copy from the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Cynthia Johnson, C-4 Science Building, Fort Collins, CO ; Telephone (97) 49-94; Fax (97) ; or cjohnson@agsci.colostate.edu.

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