CHAPTER - 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

Transcription

1 CHAPTER - 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS The investigation pertains to the studies conducted in the rural area Jambudia vidi. It is Located between 22 o, 29 o, 69 o ', N Latitudes and 70 o 79 o 84 o " W Longitudes in Wankaner Taluka of Rajkot district in saurashtra peninsula. In this context, Angiospermic diversity and traditional health care knowledge prevalent among the aboriginal and rural population of villegers contribute significant role considering the important of Angiospermic diversity. Jambudia vidi is having five village in its closed proximity. There are Jambudia, Lunasar, Jivapar, Chitrakhada and Rajagadh. The area is dominated by koli mumnas, Darbar, Rabari, Bharvad and Maldhar communities with cattle rearign as their main occupation. Jambudia vidi are spread over Hectors. A Compact paten of Hecters in wankener taluka adjoing to Halvad and than taluka at surendranagar district. An area of 50% ha has been declared as reserve forest under section 18. Jambudia vidi Saurashtra region Guajrat India representing 290 plant species, 221, Genera belonging to 75 families Floristic Study Of Jambudia Vidi Sub class polypetalae representing 134 plants species, 96 genera belonging to 36 families. Sub class Gemopetalae representing 86 plant species, 74 Genera belonging to 22 families, sub class monoclamadae representing 30 plant species, 20 genera belonging 07 families and class monocotolydone representing 40 plants species, 31 genera, belonging to 10 families. Seven dominant families which represented with 10 or more species family fabaceae represented with 25 species followed by caesalpinaceae 13, minosae 16, cucurbitaceae 10, Asteraceae 14, Euphorbiaceae 11, and poaceae 22, among 290 plant species Vegetation Type

2 Occurrence of scattered trees of Terminalia crenulata, Boswellia serrata, Dalbergia latifolia, Sterculia urens, Butea monosperma, Wrightia tinctoria, etc. provide evidence that area had different vegetation community in the past. Records also provide information that old trees were uprooted and destroyed by cyclones. Due to lack of regeneration and replacement of original species, vegetation structure of the area has been transformed. Ex rulers of Wankaner informed during personal communication that A. nilotica was major species before degradation of the area. Jambudia vidi has mixed dry deciduous forest, probably dominated by A. nilotic, Terminalia tometosa, Boswellia serrate, Butea monosperma, Wrightia tincloria, Diospyros melenoxylon, Aegle marmelos, and Phonix sylvestris. Scrub forest and savannah type vegetation were also the part of forest, With destruction of forest and degradation of sites, xeric condition progressed in the area where where original species could not regenerate. Before growth of A. senegal, it had scrub forest dominated by grass species. After declarations of the procted area protection level has improved, allowing regereration of A. senegal, A hardy species. Majority of the area in central part of the vidi in now colonized by A. senegal, Prosopis, juliaflora, Balanites aegtpotiaca, etc. Other species could not come up due to grazing. Main vegetation types in the Jambudia vidi are as under: (i) (ii) Acacia nilotica zone : This type of patch occurs in moister part of the sanctuary along streams (nala). Thick coverage of babul is recorded near main nala. Some of the area was planted with Prosopis juliflora and A. nilotica. A. nilotica forest is associated by Phoenix sylvestries, Prosopis juliflora, Butea monosperma, etc. Acacia senegal zone : This is the major patch in the Jambudiavidi which occurs in dry zone. Most of the sloppy are of the sanctuary is now colonized by A. senegal, At places, A. senegal provide thick cover to ground, making difficult for ungulate to enter it. Although, A senegal is dominant species in this type, but scattered trees of original forest like of saladi (Boswellia serrate), kadeaya (Sterculia urens), sadad (Terminalia tomentosa), sisham (Dalbergia latifolia), khakhra (Butea monosperma), dudhalo (Wrightia tinctoria), etc. along with ingorio (Balanites aegyptiaca), vikado, (Maytenus emergianata) are also found at places.

3 (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) A. nilotica A. senegal association : This is ecotone between babul and gorad forest Khakhra (Butea monosperma), Sadad (Terminalia tomentosa), Gando baval (Prosopis juliflora) are also found in this zone. It is distinct atribute of Jamudia vidi. Dry mixed deciduous zone : Pure patch of this type does not occur in this J.vi. This type is destroyed and is now replaced by forest of secondary succession. Saladi (Boswellia serrala), kadaya (Sterculia urens), Kakhara (Butea monosperma), sadad (Terminalia tomentosa), sisham (Dalbergia latifolia), babul (A. nilotica), dudhalo (Wrightia tinctoria), ingoriyo (Balanites aegyptiaca) and bili (Aegle marmelos) are main speices of Jamudia Vidi. Scattered trees of these species still occur in A. senegal and A. nilotica forest. Regeneration of these species is completely absent. Dry savannnah : Plains and sloppy area of Jamudia Vidi is now colonized by A. senegal but peripheral plateau of the area is devoid of tree cover. Majority of outer parts of the and wasteland outside of the is under grass cover. Entire research area is heavily grazed, resulting into continuous degradation of sites. Palatable grasses have now been replaced by unpalatable grasses in this area. Mixed thorn zone : In some of the areas of the sanctuary, set of thorny species provides ground cover. A. nilotica, A. senegal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Zizyphus sp. and maytenus emerginata are the main species of this type. Prosopis juliflora zone : This species was planted in the area, Very small patches of this forest were seen in the sanctuary Rare And Endangered Species Habitat specificity and local population size should be the main criteria for determining rarity of the species. Commiphora wightii (gugal) is listed as endangered species by Botanical Survey of India (Jain and Shastri, 1980) and by the IUCN. No other taxa of Jambudia vidi are included in this category. Population of Commiphora wightii declined due to exploitation of gum from the tree as well as degradation of the ecosystem)

4 Capparis decidua, Flacourtia indica (lodari) are other interesting taxa of the Jamudia Vidi Viola cinerea (shankhavali) is a small herb, used as medicinal plant by local peoplel. Capparis decidua was seen in the sanctuary during survey. This is a medicinal plant as roots of the species is used for the treatment of snake bite. Population of this species is depleting fast throughout Gujarat. Ceropegia, recorded in this sanctuary, is consumed by local people for good and medicine. These species were seen once during the survey and are rare in Gujarat and also in Jambudia vidi. Flacourtia indica was recorded in the area. Fruits of the species are relished by rabaris. Abundance and distribution of these species are not known but they are rarely seen and their population is declining in Gujarat. Thus, they are rare to Jambudia Vidi and can be categorised as regionally threatened. Phoenix sylvestris is also interesting taxa of this area. Its population is also less in the sanctuary and it can be seen on both the sides of nala only. Fruit of this species are useful as they are eaten by the local people. Local people collect and sell them, so it is economically useful to local people. Sterculia urens (Kadayo), Dalbergia latifolia (Sisam), Boswelia serrata (Salari), Tecomela undulata (Ragat rohido) and Moringa oleifera (Saragavo) are common tree species in other parts of the State but they have become threatened in the Jambudia Vidi area as few trees of these species have been recorded. These are the original species of the area but destroyed and replaced by other vegetation types through secondary succession. Similarly Sorghum halepense (barughans), Cenchrus setigerus (dhaman), 'Munjghas" and 'Dharfo', are threatened grasses in the vidi because due to over grazing. Datura innoxia (dhaturo), Fagonia cretica (dhamaho), Urginea indica (dungalo) Martinia diandra (vinchhudo), Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), Corchorus depressus (behufali) are threatgened herbs but may be very common plants in the region. Because with the help of sprinklers artificial water resources provide more vital capasity. Birds :

5 Jambudia vidi represents scrubland habitat for avifauna. The scrubs, predominated by the thorny species like Acacia spp, Balanites spp, Zizyphus spp. and Phoenix,, fulfill feeding, resting, roosting and or nesting requirements of a variety of aboreal birds. There is a possibility of occurrence of grassland birds in the past as during the princely State of Wankaner, lot of grass occurred here forming the "Vidi". It has also been revealed that grey partridge, black ibis, hoopoe, redwattled lapwing, white necked stork, common quail, pipit, common peafowl, lark and white ibis are strictly ground feeders. Rest of others are largely arborial feeders. Table 15 Showing no. of species of classes and subclasses Polypetalae Gamopetalae Monoclamydae Monocotyledon Total Fig:2 showing no. of species of classes and subclasses Table 16 showing no. of families occurring in classes and subclasses Polypetalae 36 Gamopetalae 22 Monoclamydae 7

6 Monocotyledon 10 Total 75 Fig:3 showing no. of families occurring in classes and subclasses Table 17 Dominant Families of Jambudia Vidi Families Fabaceae Caesalpiniaceae Mimosae Cucurbitaceae Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Poaceae Total species Fig: 4 Dominant Families of The Jambudia Vidi

7 Table 18 showing no. of f genus, species and families of subclass Polypetalae Polypetalae Genus Species Families Fig:5 showing no. of genus, species and families of subclass Polypetalae FIGURE NO.4 Table 19 showing no. of f genus, species and families of subclass Gamopetalae Gamopetalae Genus Species Families Fig:6 is showing no. of genus, species and families of subclass Gamopetalae

8 Table 20 showing no. of genus, species and families of subclass Monoclamydae Monoclamydae Genus Species Families Fig:7 showing no. of genus, species and families of subclass Monoclamydae Table 21 showing no. of genus, species and families of class Monocotyledon Monocotyledon Genus Species Families Fig:8 showing no. of genus, species and families of class Monocotyledon 6.1 Tree Species

9 Table 22 Summary of Tree Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) TREE SPECIES - FAMILY WISE Sr.No. Family No. of Species Annonaceae 1 2. Capparaceae 1 3. Bombaceae 1 4. Sterculiaceae 1 5. Rutaceae 2 6. Simaroubaceae 1 7. Balanitaceae 1 8. Burseraceae 1 9. Meliaceae Khamnaceae Sapindaceae Ancardiaceae Moringaceae Fabaceae Caesalpiniaceae Mimosaceae Combreataceae Myrtaceae Alangiaceae Rubiaceae Sapotaceae 2

10 TREE SPECIES - FAMILY WISE Sr.No. Family No. of Species 22. Ebenaceae Salvadoceae Apocynaceae Ehretiaceae Bignoniaceae Verbenaceae Euphorbiaceae Ulmaceae Moraceae Areceae Pandanaceae Poaceae 1 Total 69

11 Fig:9 Summary of Tree Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) TREEE SPECIES - FAMILY WISE No. of Species Annonaceae Bombaceae Rutaceae Balanitaceae Meliaceae Sapindaceae Moringaceae Caesalpiniac Combreataceae Alangiaceae Sapotaceae Salvadoceae Ehretiaceae Verbenaceae Ulmaceae Areceae Poaceae Table 23 Dominant 5 Tree Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) Sr.No. 1. Mimosaceae 2. Moraceae 3. Caesalpiniaceae 4. Apocynaceae 5. Bignoniaceae Family No. of Species Total 27

12 Fig:10 Dominant 5 Treee Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) No. of Species Mimosaceae Moraceae Caesalpiniaceae Apocynaceae Bignoniaceae Total 6.2 Shrub Species Table 24 Summary of Shrub Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) SHRUB SPECIES - FAMILY WISE Sr.No. 1. Capparaceae 2. Flacourtiaceae 3. Malvaceae 4. Stercullaceae 5. Tillaceae 6. Burseraceae 7. Celastraceae 8. Rhamanaceae 9. Fabaceae 10. Censalpiniaceae 11. Mimosaceae Family No. of Species

13 SHRUB SPECIES - FAMILY WISE Sr.No. Family No. of Species 12. Lythraceae Cactaceae Rubiaceae Oleaceae Apocynaceae Asclepidaceae Solanaceae Acanthaceae Verbenaceae Lamiaceae Loranthaceae Euphorbiaceae Liliaceae 1 Total 43

14 Fig:11 Summary of Shrub Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) SHRUB SPECIES - FAMILY WISE No. of Species Capparaceae Flacourtiaceae Malvaceae Stercullaceae Tillaceae Burseraceae Celastraceae Rhamanaceae Fabaceae Censalpiniaceae Mimosaceae Lythraceae Cactaceae Rubiaceae Oleaceae Apocynaceae Asclepidaceae Solanaceae Acanthaceae Verbenaceae Lamiaceae Loranthaceae Euphorbiaceae Liliaceae Total Table 25 Dominant 5 Shrub Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) Sr.No. 1. Fabaceae 2. Euphorbiaceae 3. Acanthaceae 4. Apocynaceae 5. Burseraceae Family No. of Shrub Species Total 15

15 Fig:12 Dominant 5 Shrub Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) No. of Shrub Species 6.3 Herb Species Table 26 Summary of Herb Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) HERB SPECIES - FAMILY WISE Sr.No. 1. Papaveraceae 2. Polybalaceae 3. Portulacaceae 4. Elatinaceae 5. Malvaceae 6. Sterculiaceae 7. Tiliaceae 8. Zygophylaceae Family No. of Species

16 9. Oxalidaceae Balsaminaceae Sapindaceae Fabaceae Caesalpinaceae Lythraceae Cucurbitaceae Molluginaceae Aizoaceae Rubiaceae Asteraceae Pumbaginaceae Gentianaceae Boragnaceae Cenvolulaceae Solanaceae Scrophulariaceae Pedaliaceae Martyniaceae Acathaceae Lamiaceae Nyctaginaceae Amaranthaceae 6

17 32. Chenopediaceae Polygonaceae Euphorbiaceae Agavaceae Liliaceae Commelianaceae Typhaceae Areaceae Cypreaceae Poaceae 21 Total 151 Fig:13 Summary of Herb Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) HERB SPECIES - FAMILY WISE No. of Species Papaveraceae Portulacaceae Malvaceae Tiliaceae Oxalidaceae Sapindaceae Caesalpinaceae Cucurbitaceae Aizoaceae Asteraceae Gentianaceae Cenvolulaceae Scrophulariaceae Martyniaceae Lamiaceae Amaranthaceae Polygonaceae Agavaceae Commelianaceae Areaceae Poaceae Table 27 Dominant 5 Herb Species (Family Wise as per Bentham & Hooker)

18 Sr.No. 1. Poaceae 2. Asteraceae 3. Malvaceae 4. Acathaceae 5. Solanaceae Family No. of Herb Species Fig:14 Dominant 5 Herb Species (Family Wise as per Bentham & Hooker) No. of Herb Species Poaceae Asteraceaee Malvaceaee Acathaceae Solanaceae 6.4 Climber Species Table 28 summary of Climber Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) CLIMBER SPECIES-NO. OF SPECIES FAMILY WISE Sr.No. 1. Menisperamaceae 2. Capparaceae 3. Celastraceae Family No.of Climber Species

19 CLIMBER SPECIES-NO. OF SPECIES FAMILY WISE Sr.No. Family No.of Climber Species 4. Vitaceae Fabaceae Mimesaceae Cucurbitaceae Asclepidaceae Periploceae Convolvulaceae Dioscoraceae 01 Total 27 Fig:15 Summary of Climber Species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) FAMILY WISE No.of Climber Species Menisperamaceae Capparaceae Celastraceae Vitaceae Fabaceae Mimesaceae Cucurbitaceae Asclepidaceae Periploceae Table 29 Dominant five climber species

20 Sr.No. Family No. of Climber Species Cucurbitaceae 06 Convolvulaceae 05 Asclepidaceae 04 Menisperamaceae 03 Fabaceae 02 Fig: 29 Dominant five climber species (Family wise as per Bentham & Hooker) No. of Climber Species Cucurbitaceae Convolvulaceae Asclepidaceae Menisperamaceae Fabaceae 6.5 Habit of the plant species Table 30 Habit of the plant species occurring in the study area No. of species Percentage Trees Shrubs Herbs % % %

21 Climber TOTAl % 290 Fig:17 Habit of the plant species occurring in the study area Habit of the plant species occuring in the