POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA

Transcription

1 POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences セ M]MセM, QUALIFICATION: Bachelor of Natural Resource Management (Nature Conservation) QUALIFICATION CODE: 07BNTC LEVEL: 7 1+ COURSE: Plant Studies 2 COURSE CODE: PTS710S 1+ DATE: November 2014 SESSION: + DURATION: 3 (Three) Hours MARKS: 150 L SECOND OPPORTUNITY QUESTION PAPER EXAMINER: Ms B. Curtis MODERATOR: DrW Jankowitz THIS MEMO CONSISTS OF 6 (SIX) PAGES EXCLUDING THIS FRONT PAGE

2 SECTION A QUESTION 1 Each species in column A belongs to a family/subfamily in column B. Write down the number from column A and the corresponding letter from column B. NOTE: more than one species could belong to the same family. [15] ゥ Gセ COLUMN A SPECIES COLUMN B FAMILIES 1. Pferocarpus angolensis A Burseraceae 2. C_r?_IC}_'} gratissimus B. Vitaceae. 3. Berchemia discolor c Anacardiaceae 4. Lycium eenii D. Rhamnaceae 5. Commiphora africana E. Euphorbiaceae.. 6. Terminalia sericea F. Poaceae 7. Cyphostemma currori G. Stychnaceae 8. Searsia marlothii H. Clusiaceae.. 9: Peltophorum africanum I. Combretaceae. 10. Phragmites australis J. Sapotaceae 11. Spirostachys africana K. L. Solanaceae 13. Sterculia africana M. Fabaceae I Papilionoidae 14. Grewia flava N. Fabaceae I Caesalpinioidae 15. Tarconanthus camphoratus 0. Fabaceae I Mimosoidae P. Malvaceae (new taxonomy) Q Moraceae.. R. Asteraceae QUESTION 2 The diagnostic characteristics in column A belong to a taxon in column B. Write down the number from column A and the corresponding letter from column B. [1 OJ キゥ ャケセュ ョウN@ COLUMN A CHARACTERISTICS COLUMN B TAXON 1. Leaves opposite with interpetiolar stipules; ovary inferior A Bignoniaceae with persistant calyx 2. Family with large, attractive, bell or funnelshaped flowers B. Ozoroa 3. Large spreading tree lacking spines, leaves bipinnate with C. Fabaceae leaflets mm; inflorescence a hemispherical head of flowers with lonq, fluffy stamens 4. Fruit is a fleshy berry, poisonous in most species, but with D. Albizia one edible cultivated species used イ セ@ 5. Shrub with forked spines, bright green evergreen leaves; E. Commiphora fruit and white latex.. _g._ Fruit is a dry capsule with a single row of seeds F. Combretum 7. Shrubs or small trees with simple leaves alternately G. Searsia arranged. Leaves are 3veined from the base, often asymmetric, always with a toothed margin, rough or with soft hairs. 8. Tree with diameter up to 1Om; palmately compound leaves; H. Rubiaceae large white flowers; a large ovoid fruit that is high in vitamin C セ Mセ 9. Shrubs or small trees with slightly milky, aromatic, resinous I. Carissa sap. Simple leaves usually have distinctly_ parallel veins. 10. Plants with trifoliolate leaves; leaflet margins scalloped; J. Solanaceae fruit a small_, slightly fleshy, some_'n_hat fiattene_d d_rupe M. Moringaceae. N. Grewia 0. Adansonia M

3 QUESTION 3 Give the diagnostic characteristic/s of the following taxa: Aloe Malvaceae (new taxonomy) Asteraceae Euphorbia Acacia [1 0] QUESTION 4 Each diagnostic characteristic(s) in column A belong(s) to a species in column B. Write down the number from column A and the corresponding letter from column B. [1 0] ョセ@ COLUMN A CHARACTERISTICS COLUMN B SPECIES 1. Shrub with pale bark and hooked thorns in A T erminalia sericea threes at the nodes 2. Tree, lacking thorns, but sometimes with blunt B. T erminalia prunioides spines, flowers in hemispherical heads, with reduced petals and many, long stamens, bark to cure worm infestations in the stomach. 3. An invasive indigenous species with bipinnate c Combretum mossambicense leaves growing on spines. 4. Untidy shrub with long, arching branches. D. Acacia mellifera Leaves obovate and clustered on peglike dwarf shoots. Bark peels in long threads. 5. A member of the daisy family that has silvery E. Acacia fleckii leaves and is abundant in the Khomas reqion 6. Spreading tree with large maroon flowers and F. Acacia senegal sausages 7 Monocotyledonous tree w1th large, leathery, G. Albizia anthefmintica pinnate leaves 8. Tall, slow growing tree. Bark grey with deep H. Dichrostachys cinerea vertical and transverse fissures. Branchlets spinescent, decussate. Leaves with silvery scales ;c.9. Combretum with the largest fruit f. Efephantorrhiza suffruticosb_ 10. Suffrutex with large bipinnate leaves with small J. Tarconanthus camphoratus leaflets; lacks thorns, has bright yellow flowers in spikes; stems reddish brown 1; L. Hvohaene petersiana M Aloe fittorafis I N. Phoenix recfinata 0. Combretum imberbe P. Kige/ia africana Q. Combretum zeyheri SUB TOTAL [45] SECTION B QUESTION Explain the difference between aritificial, natural and phylogenetic plant classification.

4 5.2 Name one wellknown person associated with each of these systems. [6] QUESTION 6 Explain the difference between the following terms: Alien and invasive Trilobed and trifoliolate. Give an example of each. Berry and drupe. Give an example of each. (4) (4) [11] QUESTION What is the distinguishing feature of the Capparaceae called? Make a sketch to show what this term means. Name the two most important woody genera in this family in Namibia. How does the feature mentioned above differ in these two genera? How do the fruits of these two genera differ? Name the herbaceous species commonly known as wild spinach, that used to be classified in this family, but has recently been put into a family of its own. Describe the flower of this herbaceous species. [13] QUESTION 8 The taxa listed in column A have many uses. Choose the most important use from the list in column B. NB no use in column B may be selected more than once. Write down the number from column A and the corresponding letter from column B.,;o;:c Column A G[ エ NLNクGc ョGM]MLMセ ッヲMcNセッ ャ [Mオュ ZGZB[bG Z@ i ュセ ] ョセ セ セMQ@ 1. Harpargophytum zeyheri A Aromatic res..,i._.n 1 2. Lithops B_. E_d!,ble_fru_it t 3. Coiophospermum mopane C. Timber +== 4. Sf chnos ungenc'sc D. Fire woo_d 5. cッュ イ H\ MGAセQ オャ セeZMKN@セmB Gc ゥ 6. Boscia_al_bl_tr_un_ca_.cc+';;Fo. ウイッエ ャ] ッセc[cG@ゥエセ ュセM 7. Elephantorrhiza suffruticosa G. Tourism ᄋセッMエMM B. C!Jm_f11ip_hora wii<jii _1:!_ Browse for gi@ff". _ 9_ Welwitschia mirabdis I. Browse for kudu セM 10. Burkea african a _..L_Tanning leather _ [1 0] QUESTION 9 Name an endemic or near endemic member of each of the following taxa Acacia Commiphom Cucurbitaceae [7]

5 9.4 Vitaceae Name an invasive alien member of each of the following taxa 9.5 Mimosoideae 9.6 Cactaceae 9.7 Solanaceae QUESTION 10 In which vegetation zone/type would the following trees be dominant [4] 10.1 Spirostachys africana (Tamboti) 10.2 Colophospermum mopane Acacia hereroensis 10.4 Burkea africana QUESTION 11 Succulence is an adaptation to aridity Explain the meaning of this term 11.2 What is meant by pachycaul Succulence can occur in the leaves or the stems of plants. Give an example (a species) of each of the following: 11.3 A plant that is both a stem and a leaf succulent A leaf succulent only 11.5 A stem succulent with no leaves 11.6 A tall, spiny pachycaul with leaves [7] SUB TOTAL [58] SECTION C QUESTION 12 Monocotyledonous plants are regarded as more advanced than the gymnosperms, but less advanced than dicots Name the herbaceous (nonwoody) monocot family that is very important for grazers, (1) birds and humans Explain how the monocots are more advanced than the gymnosperms with regard to protection of the ovule What is the feature of monocots that prevents them from becoming as large as the biggest dicot trees? 12.4 Give two features of the Arecaceae that are regarded as primitive and two that are regarded as advanced. (4) [7]

6 QUESTION 13 Figs are wellknown plants with an unusual and unique floral structure Give the scientific name for the genus To which family do they belong? 13.3 Give the distinguishing characteristic (only one) of the family Name the unusual floral structure and describe it. You may use a drawing to illustrate your answer. (1) (1) (1) (4) 13.5 There is also a special relationship between the fig and its pollinator. Explain this (7) relationship How are the seeds of figs dispersed? 13.7 How would you recognise a fig tree without its flowers/fruit? 13.8 Give the common name of two of the following fig plants. The strangler fig The fig with cordate leaves The large, spreading tree that often has buttressed roots The rocksplitting fig that climbs over rocks and is seldom an erect tree. [20] SUB TOTAL [27] SECTION D QUESTION 14 Grasses may generally be divided into five basic groups on the basis of their inflorescence type. Name the different inflorescences and give an example of each. [1 0] QUESTION 15 The following characteristics are typical of some of the most important grass species in Namibia. Identify the species and indicate the ecological status of the grass species. [1 OJ 15.1 Perennial, with strong creeping rhizome and dense basal leafcover or branching profusely from the base, often shrublike and forming lax tufts of up to 1 m in diameter under optimum conditions. Culms erect, unbranched or repeatedly branched, m high. Leaf blade mostly flat, with or without hairs, tapering to soft point; margin thickened and somewhat crinkled; old leaves curling. Ligule membranous, up to 7 mm long, with stiff, long hairs. Leaf sheath of basal leaves somewhat compressed and papery, otherwise round, with or without hairs but with 6 mm long, stiff hairs on collar. Inflorescence a spike, mm long and 410 mm in diameter, pale to dark grey or sometimes almost black. Spikelets vaseshaped, up to 8 mm long, densely covered with stiff hairs.

7 15.2 Profusely branched, shrublike, tufted perennial, sometimes with short, hard rhizome. Culms erect or geniculate, branched, often woody, up to 1 m high. Leaf blade bright green to bluegreen, flat, tapering to long narrow point, usually hairless, otherwise with sparse hairs, up to 250 x 8 mm, curling when dry. Ligule a fringe of short, white hairs. Leaf sheath keeled, with or without hairs. Inflorescence a dense, bristly spike, up to 120 mm long, purple to almost white. Spikelets densely arranged on central axis, up to 5 mm long, awnless, hairless, single or in groups, surrounded by numerous wavy, often bent, bristles of which some are hairy and others not; spikelets and bristles fall together when mature Rhizomatous and stoloniferous perennial, forming a dense mat with creeping surface stems under favourable conditions. Culms slender, erect or geniculate, up to 0.6 m long. Leaf blade green to bluegreen, flat, with or without hairs, sometimes hard and prickly. Ligule a fringe of fine hairs, up to 2 mm long. Leaf sheath round, hairless. Inflorescence of 57 racemes, arranged digitately at culm tips; racemes 2050 mm long. Spikelets green, sometimes flushed purple, up to 3 mm long, hairy, awnless, evenly spaced on secondary axes Tufted perennial, with dense basal leafcover, numerous young shoots and hairy scale leaves. Culms erect or slightly geniculate, unbranched, up to 0.8 m high. Leaf blade hairless to densely hairy, up to 200 x 6 mm. Ligule short, membranous, up to 2.5 mm long, with fringed tip. Leaf sheath keeled, covered with dense, silky hairs at base. Inflorescence composed of 311 racemes, arranged digitately at culm tip or on shortened central axis. Spikelets up to 3.5 mm long, conspicuously hairy, green, but often flushed with purple Coarsely tufted annual. Culms erect or geniculate, often flushed purple, especially at nodes, m high. Leaf blade smooth, up to 300 x 16 mm; margin pale yellow, rough due to very fine bristles; base rounded, with long, bulbousbased bristles. Ligule a dense fringe of shiny hairs. Leaf sheath smooth, with fine hairs; margin hairy, often purple in upper half. Inflorescence usually composed of 56 irregularlyspaced, onesided racemes that are 1060 mm long. Spikelets narrowly ovate, 3.56 mm long, often flushed dark purple; lower glume with few hairs. SUB TOTAL [20] GRAND TOTAL [150]