ASVO Seminar 18 November 2014

Transcription

1 ASVO Seminar 18 November 2014 Mabillle Crusher-destemmer (Fabre 1929) Grape destemming and sorting technology - Developments in-winery and on-harvester Simon Nordestgaard

2 Rotary destemmer (c.< 1920s) Rotating beating/conveying shaft detaches grapes from stems Grapes fall through holes in cage (pass to a roller crusher) Stems conveyed to end (Cage typically rotates in the same direction as shaft at a slower speed) Robust scalable design (1-100 t/hr) Complete grape-stem detachment Can break grapes and stems Incomplete screening of petioles, jacks, etc.

3 Scharfenberger EuroSelect (c invented by SOCMA) Bunches conveyed by slotted belt Grapes detached by 4 finger wheels that push grapes through the belt Throughput: < 8 t/hr* Open to see internals *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

4 Milani Estasi (c. 2006) Bunches conveyed by rubber knobs Grapes detached by swaying grille Throughput: < 5 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

5 Armbruster Rotovib (c ) Similar to common destemmer but shaft vibrates Some grape detachment by vibration Lower shaft rotation speed required Throughputs: < 10, 20 & 30 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

6 Pellenc Selectiv (c. 2008) Bunches conveyed by slotted belt and overhead prongs Grape detachment by vibrating rods Two-stage roller screening 1. Seeds and juice fall through 2. Grapes fall through Throughputs: < 4, 3-10 & 7-20 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

7 SOCMA Cube (c. 2010) Bunches conveyed by gravity & star wheels Grape detachment by vibrating rods Two-stage screening 1. Vibrating seeds and juice fall through 2. Rollers grapes fall through Throughput: 8-10 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

8 Bucher-Vaslin Oscillys (c. 2011) Bunches conveyed by gravity Grape detachment in shaking cage(s) Roller screening for stems, petioles Throughputs: 3-8 & < 20 t/hr* (1-2 cages) *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

9 Summary new winery destemmers Vibrating destemmers with integrated mechanical sorting achieving significant market uptake: Pellenc + SOCMA + Bucher-Vaslin: ~20 in Australia ~1,000 in World Limited published independent comparative studies of performance, but supplier data, uptake and mode of operation does suggest: Vibrating destemmers are more gentle (more whole berries, less juice, raisined berries stay on stems) Integrated mechanical sorting systems remove petioles, etc. Cost & throughput (indicative only) ~$50,000 - $70,000 for ~8 t/hr ~2-3 x cost of rotary destemmer & not available in high throughput models Maintenance/blockages? more moving parts than rotary destemmer

10 Manual sorting (c. forever in some form) Before and/or after destemming Belt and/or vibrating conveyors (with juice drainage) High labour, slow throughput Still often used in conjunction with automated sorting equipment

11 2 nd stage vibrating/belt sorter (c. 2000s) Slotted vibrating screen/belt Grapes can t be too mashed up i.e. need gentle destemming e.g. Enoveneta TSA, CMA Tommy Throughputs: < 7-15 & 3-6 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

12 Air-knife gravity fed (Vaucher-Beguet Mistral, c. 2004) Vibrating prongs that grapes fall through and large stems continue on Petioles, jacks, some light undesirable grape parts removed by air-knife Throughputs: 2-3, 5-7, 6-9 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

13 Air-knife fast belt (Bucher-Vaslin Rflow, c. 2013) Grapes accelerated by belt to spread them out, allowing higher throughput per width Throughput: <15 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

14 Roller sorting (c in Pellenc destemmer) Initially introduced as part of new destemmers, systems now also available separately e.g. Bucher-Vaslin, Armbruster Throughput: < 15 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

15 Density sorting (AMOS Industrie Tribaie, c. 2005) Multi-stage system Grapes sorted principally on density Ripe grapes sink and unripe grapes float in sugar/juice solution of set Brix Doing more than just removing MOG Density bath can also be used for cooling Throughputs: < 5, 10, 20 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

16 Grape size sorting (AMOS Industrie Calibaie, c. 2014) Sorts grapes according to diameter Grapes larger than set roller gap travel across the top of roller drum Grapes smaller than set roller gap fall into roller drum at the top and fall out at bottom (chain releases spring-loaded rollers at bottom of rotation) Designed to be used after sorting by Tribaie Throughput: 4-8 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

17 Optical sorting (c. 2008, earlier in other industries) Sorts according to colour, size and shape (+red light that fluoresces chlorophyll in NIR for X-Tri) Can do more than just remove MOG e.g. can detect botrytis & some unripe grapes Process: Pre-draining by vibrating screen Material spread and imaged (while gravity falling for low throughput machines, or on a fast belt for high throughput machines) Defects ejected by air nozzles. Manufacturers with off-the-shelf products: Bucher-Vaslin Vistalys: 3-5 & <10 t/hr* Pellenc Selectiv Process Vision: <12 t/hr* Defranceschi-Protec X-Tri: , 3-10 & 6-12 t/hr* Key VitiSort: <4.5 t/hr*, WECO WineGrapeTEK: <5.4 t/hr* *Nominal capacity, i.e. may overstate real capacity

18 Optical sorting (videos) Low throughput (< 4.5 t/hr) gravity feed (integrated overhead vibrating juice drainer) High throughput (5-10 t/hr) belt feed

19 Automatic winery sorters costs and adoption* Notable mechanism Example brands and/or models Throughput (t/hr) Cost # Australia # World Roller 2-stage vibrating Grape size Air-knife (gravity-fed) Air-knife (fast-belt) Density Bucher-Vaslin Trio Enoveneta TSA Amos Industrie Calibaie Vaucher-Beguet Mistral Bucher-Vaslin Rflow Amos Industrie Tribaie <15 $25,000 ~8 ~150 + many on destemmers 7-15 $30,000 ~3 ~ $45,000 0 ~10 2-3, 5-7, 6-9 N/A ~2 ~350 <15 $55,000 0 ~100 < 5 $120,000 < 20 $200,000 Bucher-Vaslin, Pellenc, < 5 $90,000 Optical Defranceshci, Key <10 $240,000 *Order of magnitude values for general technology comparison purposes only 0 ~85 ~2 ~250

20 Summary Automated winery sorters Limited adoption in Australia Difficult to justify capital expense unless had been manually sorting before? (i.e. no labour savings) Principal current adoption pathway is via mechanical sorting systems integrated with new vibrating destemmers Density bath and optical sorters are much more expensive than mechanical sorters (~5-10 x) but do allow for removing bad grapes (e.g. unripe, botrytis) not just MOG Performance of mechanical sorters may be relatively similar to optical sorters when grapes are good and only MOG removal is required

21 Braud New Holland (Opti-Grape, c. 2013) Uses Scharfenberger EuroSelect style destemmer (SOCMA patent) This style destemmer used since 2002 Only available on bin models (not compatible with discharge conveyor) New Opti-Grape system incorporates air-knife

22 Pellenc (Selectiv Process 2, c. 2013) Uses Pellenc s vibrating destemmer and roller sorting table This style destemmer/sorting table has been used since 2008 Only available with bin models (not compatible with discharge conveyor)

23 Gregoire (Cleantech Vario, c.2009) Use their own Cleantech destemmer (cross between Scharfenberger EuroSelect style destemmer and rotary destemmer) Only available on bin models (not compatible with discharge conveyor) Vario roller sorting table.

24 ERO (Vitiselect, c.2013) Uses a rotary destemmer Uniquely has an option for a discharge conveyor to a chaser tractor bin Roller sorting table

25 Quality Harvester vs. winery destemmer/sorting? Haven t personally performed any trials but intuitively (generalisations): Red grapes/wine Most important factor likely to be removal of stems, petioles, leaves before ferment (long contact time for extraction) If currently using a winery rotary destemmer with no-sorting, an onharvester (or in-winery) sorting system may be an improvement White grapes/wine Most important factor likely to be the level of berry breakage with the onharvester destemmer If on-harvester destemmer is gentle, it may make no difference or be an improvement on a rotary winery destemmer. If on-harvester destemmer is rough, it may give worse results (berry breakage higher phenolics from skins in the free-run juice from the press)

26 Destemming/sorting systems can be speed-limiting Destemmer & sorting system may only process a certain kg/s of grapes before their performance declines incomplete destemming, grape/stem breakage and/or lose grapes on sorting system Anecdotally, lower than normal slower harvesting speeds have been required in countries where these systems have been adopted in higher-yielding vineyards Limitations are brand/model dependent Forward speed (km/h) POOR GOOD Yield (t/ha)

27 Yields in Australian grape growing regions (2012) % % 20% 15% 10% 5% 0.0 0% Riverland-SA Riverina-NSW Murray Darling-NSW Murray Darling-VIC Barossa Valley-SA Langhorne Creek -SA Swan Hill-VIC Padthaway-SA McLaren Vale-SA Margaret River-WA Coonawarra-SA Clare Valley-SA Wrattonbully-SA Adelaide Hills-SA Great Southern-WA Eden Valley-SA King Valley-VIC Yarra Valley-VIC Hunter-NSW Goulburn Valley-VIC Orange-NSW Heathcote-VIC Geographe-WA Mudgee-NSW Tasmania-TAS Adelaide Plains-SA Fleurieu - other-sa Swan Districts-WA Pericoota-NSW Hilltops-NSW Currency Creek-SA Mornington Peninsula-VIC Rutherglen-VIC Alpine Valleys-VIC Robe-SA Pyrenees-VIC Pemberton-WA Southern Fleurieu-SA Bendigo-VIC Blackwood Valley-WA Strathbogie Ranges-VIC Perth Hills-WA Grampians-VIC Geelong-VIC Tumbarumba-NSW Mount Benson-SA Upper Goulburn-VIC Southern Highlands-NSW Henty-VIC Manjimup-WA Macedon Ranges-VIC Beechworth-VIC Gippsland-VIC Sunbury-VIC New England Australia-NSW South Burnett-QLD Peel-WA Kangaroo Island-SA Yield (t/ha) Fraction of Australian production (tonnes) May have to harvest at slower speeds with some models Region and State

28 Adoption on-harvester destemming/sorting Low adoption in Australia, much higher in New Zealand and Europe,...reasons: Grape and wine production performed by separate entities and grape production is unprofitable in many regions particularly bulk regions Would leave MOG mass in the vineyard that currently get paid for by the winery Harvesting expenses would be increased Destemming/sorting system only 2-10% extra capital cost on $400K harvester, but. Slower forward harvesting speeds in some high-yielding vineyards Most systems only work with on-board bins, which are inefficient in long row vineyards since you need to keep emptying them, and it can be a bit tricky to empty them into small grape bins majority of harvesters in Australia use discharge conveyors Most harvester manufacturers are now working actively to develop destemming/sorting systems that can be used with discharge conveyor More small mechanical parts to be maintained Current financial justification for adoption is probably for higher quality wine company ownedvineyards instead of buying a new winery vibrating destemmer/sorting system or as an alternative to hand-picking In the long-term (i.e. >20 years), despite the above, I would still predict that most Australian harvesters will probably have destemming/sorting systems

29 Acknowledgements Suppliers who provided information on their winery/vineyard equipment and offered their perspective Wine industry personnel who offered their perspective People who posted winery/vineyard equipment videos online and that I used excerpts from

30 Harvest components for potential separation Matter other than grape (MOG) Leaves Petioles Stalks Canes Wood Non-vine plant matter e.g. eucalyptus leaves Pests e.g. caterpillars, snails Foreign objects e.g. irrigation parts, trellis parts Grape Immature grapes Disease-effected grapes e.g. Botrytis Raisined grapes Grapes of a different size Inclusion more of a quality issue for red than white wines (long contact time during red wine fermentation)