Birds-eye Chillies: Product Profile No. 8

Transcription

1 Birds-eye Chillies: Product Profile No. 8 PRODUCT: African Birds Eye Chilli HSC code: Specie: Capsicum frutescens Mode of Transport: By air, road. Current International Price of Bird s Eye Chilli: $ 2,85 - $ 3.1 per MT INTRODUCTION The African Birds eye chilli, a relative of the tabasco pepper, is among the most pungent varieties of pepper in the world. This chilli, Capsicum frutescens, is produced largely in Malawi, as well as Zimbabwe, South Africa, Ghana and Uganda. Capsaicin content (pungency) is the largest determining factor of chilli quality. Exporters will earn a premium price for chillies with higher capsaicin content. Main uses of end product: The fruit is eaten raw or in processed form as powder. It is also used for medicinal purposes and in the control of pests and diseases. Product specification: Variety: African Birds Eye Chilli (Capsicum frutescens) Classification: The African Birds eye chilli, a relative of the tabasco pepper, and is among the most pungent varieties of pepper in the world. Types of fruit: small, red, ripe fruits UEPB Product Profile on Birds-eye Chillis: No. 8,

2 PRODUCTION Ugandan Production Production volumes (Tons) Estimated Production of Birds Eye Chilli in Uganda ( ) Source: Esco- Uganda & AMA analysis 41 Production of Birds Eye chilli has been fluctuating over the years due to the unfavourable weather conditions and market demand. During the year 2004, Uganda registered the highest production compared to previous years due to the increase in the local and export market for the crop. In Uganda some of the main production areas of Birs Eye Chilli are: Rukungiri, Lira, Kamuli, Mbarara, Kasese, Mubende, Mukono, Kibaale and Bundibugyo. General information Fully dry seeds from ripe fruits are sown on seedbeds sited near clean permanent water source. After 12 weeks, transplanting is done. Watering the bed 3-4 hours before transplanting is important to reduce root damage. It is done during the rainy season to overcome irrigation especially for the small holders. Planting: Chilli is planted on a fine tilth with raised beds at a spacing of 2 feet by 2 feet for shortterm in line intercropping or 1m by 1m in the case of mono cropping Mulching is done to reduce weeds, reduce insect populations, maintain water moisture, improves soil fertility and reduces soil erosion. Chilli can be planted with staple and cash crops. Intercrops: cassava, beans, Soya, groundnuts, and bananas. However, most farmers plant chilli, as a monocrop. An example of a growing season, as from Lira District (Uganda) 1st Season 2nd Season Nursery bed planting (Dry) January June / July Transplant and planting (Rainy season) March August Harvesting July December / January Production peaks during the periods June-August and November-January. For new plantings, the first harvest is approximately 5 to 7 months from sowing of the seeds. Fertilizers: Application of mulch and animal manure is sufficient. However, artificial, e.g. NPK can be used with the split application method. Water Conservation: Reasonable yields can be obtained under rain-fed conditions. Mulching and weed control help in reducing water loss. UEPB Product Profile on Birds-eye Chillis: No. 8,

3 Pests/Disease Prevention: Control of pests like insects, fungi, bacteria, weeds, and rodents using pesticides is not highly recommended. In case of chemical use, they should be mixed carefully and therefore applied in recommended rates, at proper times. The pesticide containers should have labels. If required, the following chemical treatments are recommended for nursery plants: Aphids. Proportion of 0.5 kg of dry chilli fruits pounded or ground is added to 20 liters of water. Apply once every two weeks when aphids are seen in the field, proper scouting is recommended before chemical use. Thrips, Mites, Whitefly: A solution of Karate EC (30 mls/20 litres of water), applied bi-weekly during periods of high mite infestations (generally at the end of the dry season), will control mites as well as thrips and whitefly. Viruses: Use clean seed; traders supplying seed should dress them with tri-sodium phosphate..control vectors, like aphids, white flies. Suspected virus-diseased plants (mottled leaves, stunted) from the fields are removed. In general, a solution of chilli and lime tree leaves is used to spray Birds eye chilli against pests. Using raised beds to improve drainage reduces incidences for fungal diseases like dumping off, Phytophthora and leaf spots. Harvesting: It takes three (3) months from transplanting to first harvest. Only red, ripe fruits are picked. During harvesting, remove off-type plants (those with big fruits or with a yellow immature fruit color) from the field. Yield: Harvesting is the most labor-intensive activity in chilli production. Well-managed farms should be able to yield 600 grams of fresh chilli per plant per year or 200 grams of dried chilli. Post harvest handling Drying: It takes 3 to 4 days to dry during hot days. The fruits are dried above the ground usually on a rack with free movement of air (may use jute perforated material on top of the drying rack. Grading: can take place while drying to save time. The graded chillies are moved to the lower shelf of the drying rack for two to three days. Packing and storage: Use gunny bags or locally woven baskets for storage but not polyethylene Labeling:: The transport packaging should display details of the following: Identification (name & address) of exporter and country of origin Description of the product and its quality class Net weight Batch number Required storage conditions Any other information required by the buyer. Production Costs Cost of production for Commercial- Scale Chilli Grower (Ushs/ha per season) Ushs US $ A. Imputs for Nursery Bed 1. Seed (Ushs 1,000 depreciated over 4 seasons) Organic Manure (Ushs 5,000 depreciated over 4 seasons) 1, Sisal Strips 1, Mulch/ Manure (field inclusive) 70, Subtotal 73, UEPB Product Profile on Birds-eye Chillis: No. 8,

4 B. Tools & Implements 1. Hoes (Ushs 10,000 depreciated over 2 years or 4 seasons) 2, Rakes (Ushs 10,000 depreciated over 2 years or 4 seasons) 1, Subtotal 3, C Labour 1. Transplanting to field (16 man Ushs 1,500/day) 24, Field Maintenance (312 man Ushs 1,500/day) 468, Harvesting (60 man Ushs 1,500/day) 90, Subtotal 582, D. Drying 1. Solar Driers Ushs 20,000 each, depreciated over 4 seasons) 20, Jute Bags ( Ushs 1,500 each) 30, Subtotal 50, Total cost 708, Revenue (yield 2,000 Ushs 1,000/kg) 2,000, Net Revenue 1,291, Exchange Rate: 1 USD= UgShs 1700 UEPB Product Profile on Birds-eye Chillis: No. 8,

5 MARKETING Ugandan Export market Production volumes (Tons) Estimated Export volumes of Birds Eye Chilli in Uganda ( ) Source: Esco- Uganda & AMA analysis Over the years, export volumes have been fluctuating due to inconsistency in the international market. Exports reduced by 75% in 2001 from 2000, and by 33% in 2004, from However, in 2005, the volume exported increased by 71% due to the extra tonnes of Birds Eye chilli that had remained from the 2004 exports and therefore sold in Increase in the number of buyers of the crop also enabled the export of such a great volume in 2005 compared to the former years. Global Market This chilli, Capsicum frutescens, is produced largely in Africa by Malawi as well as Zimbabwe, South Africa, Ghana and Uganda. The EU is the largest market for African Birdseye Chillies, followed by the US and Japan. India and other Asian countries also have large internal markets for pepper varieties similar to African Birdseye that are satisfied through domestic production. Value ($ million) Trend of the Value of Birds-eye Imports in the World, $ $450 $476 $400 $417 $350 $389 $300 $250 $262 $200 $150 $100 $50 $ Source: UN COMTRADE Stats, 2004 The general value of imports fluctuated between 2001 and The highest value was in 2001, at $476, and in the subsequent years, the value declined. Demand for birds-eye chillies declined between 2003 and 2004 due to over-supply from exporters. UEPB Product Profile on Birds-eye Chillis: No. 8,

6 Importers Germany 19% Import Share by Value of Birds-eye Chillies, 2004 USA 37% Source: UN COMTRADE, 2004 EU-25 Netherlands 6% Singapore 5% 3% Other importers 30% In 2004, total import value of birds-eye chillies in the world was $261 million. United States of America was the largest importer with 37% ($97 million) of import share by value. Other importers had an import share of 30% ($79 million). Exporters Malawi was the leading world supplier of African Birdseye chillies, normally shipping around MTs of peppers to Western Europe and other markets. Because other suppliers such as Zimbabwe, South Africa, Nigeria and Uganda provide only smaller volumes (typically on a more speculative basis) trade in African Birds eye chillies is estimated at around 500 MTs annually. The relatively smaller volumes produced by Zimbabwe, Uganda and South Africa is generally shipped to traders in Europe, while non-exported product is typically sold to local manufacturers of chilli sauce. The total export value of Bird s Eye Chilli was $1.3 billion during the past 4 years. However, this value was declining gradually; it reduced from $399 million in 2001 to $ 213 million in 2004 (Source: COMTRADE Statistics, 2004). During this period, the top exporters with the largest total export value were; Indonesia, Brazil, Singapore, Malaysia and India respectively. Export Share by Value of Birds-eye Chillies, 2004 ($ million) Singapore 15% Malaysia 13% Germany 4% Other exporter 14% During 2004, Brazil was the largest exporters of Bird s Eye Chilli, with 29 per cent export share by value ($69 million), followed by Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, and Germany. Other exporters had an export value of 14 per cent ($ 30 million). Uganda and other African countries fall among the other exporters. Indonesia 25% Brazil 29% Source: UN COMTRADE UEPB Product Profile on Birds-eye Chillis: No. 8,

7 EXPORTERS OF BIRDS-EYE CHILLIES 1. Esco Uganda Ltd. P.O.Box 7892, Kampala (U) Tel: Fax: Mob: UEPB Product Profile on Birds-eye Chillis: No. 8,

8 IMPORTERS OF BIRDS EYE CHILLI (SPICES) 1. Patasco Spices Ltd. Makerfield Way Wigan WN2 2PR Tel: +44 (1942) Fax: +44 (1942) World of Spice Ltd. Unit 22 Bebington Close Billericay CM12 0DT Tel: +44 (1277) Fax: +44 (1277) Redmoor Herbs & Spices Pennygillam Way, Pennygillam Launceston PL15 7ED Tel: +44 (1566) Fax: +44 (870) Anatoli Spices S.A. 32, R.Feraiou Str Metamorfossi Greece Tel: +30 (210) Fax: +30 (210) Verstegen Spices & Sauces B.V Industrieweg 161 PB AS Rotterdam Netherlands Tel: +31 (10) Fax: +31 (10) Priya Trade Linkers 773, Pocket V, Mayur Vihar, Phase I, New Delhi , India Tel: +(91)-(11) Fax: +(91)-(11) Website: 2. Fox s Spices Ltd. Masons Rd Stratford-Upon-Avon CV37 9NF Tel: +44 (1789) Fax: +44 (1789) Patak (Spices) Ltd. Kiriana Hse Haydock La St. Halens WA11 9UZ Tel: +44 (1942) Fax: +44 (1942) Sun Spices S.A. 157, Ag.loanni Renti Str Piraeus Greece Tel: +30 (210) Fax: +30 (210) Deligeorgis Spiros Atlas Spices Pei Dokou Halkida Greece Tel: +30 (22210) Fax: +30 (22210) Sujata Synthetics 518/519, Jeevandeep Complex, Ring Road, Surat , India Tel: +(91)-(261) / Fax: +(91)-(261) Website: Sanghvi Exim 119, 1st Floor, Madhupura Commercial Centre, Madhupura Chowk, Ahmedabad , India Tel: +(91)-(79) / Fax: +(91)-(79) Website: UEPB Product Profile on Birds-eye Chillis: No. 8,