Учесталост и значај придружених болести код старих особа болнички лечених од ванболнички стечене пнеумоније

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1 Sr Arh Celok Lek Nov-Dec;137(11-12): DOI: /SARH D ОРИГИНАЛНИ РАД / ORIGINAL ARTICLE UDC: Учесталост и значај придружених болести код старих особа болнички лечених од ванболнички стечене пнеумоније Mirna Đurić, Đorđe Považan, Nevena Sečen, Branislav Perin Institut za lućne bolesti Vojvodine, Sremska Kamenica, Srbija KRATAK SADRŽAJ Uvod Sta rost bo le sni ka i ri dru že ne bo le sti su va žni fak to ri na stan ka i is ho da le če wa ne u mo ni ja. Ciq ra da Ciq ra da je bio da se utvr de uče sta lost i zna čaj ri dru že nih bo le sti kod oso ba sta ri jih od 65 go di na koje su bol nič ki le če ne od van bol nič ki ste če ne ne u mo ni je. Meto de rada Istra ži va we je iz ve de no u In sti tu tu za luć ne bo le sti Voj vo di ne u Srem skoj Ka me ni ci i ob u hva ti - lo je 550 oso ba obo le lih od van bol nič ki ste če ne ne u mo ni je. Po da ci o ri dru že nim bo le sti ma i bol ničkom mort al i t e t u s u o r eđe ni u od no su na sta ro snu gra ni cu od 65 go di na, a za tim sta ti stič ki ob ra đe ni, te ta be lar no i grafič k i r i k a z a n i. Re zul ta ti I s t r až i v a w e m j e o b u h v a će no 448 bo le sni ka (81,45%) mla đih od 65 go di na i 102 bo le sni ka (18,55%) sta rij a o d 65 go d i n a. O t e ž a n o d i s a w e, o r e m e ćaj s v e s t i, c i j a n o z a, t a h i k a r d i j a i a r t e r ij s k a h i o t e n z i j a s u s t a t i s t ič ki bili zna čajno če šći kod sta ri jih od 65 go di na, kod ko jih je za be le žen i ve ći rog no stički skor. Stoa smrtnosti ovih i s i t a n i k a b i l a j e t a kođe zna čajno veća (21,6% re ma 6,0%; <0,001). Pri dru že ne bo le sti su sta ti stič ki bi le zna čajno če šće ko d i s it a n i k a s t a r i j i h o d 65 go d i n a (9 4,1% r e m a 69, 2 % ; <0,001), a ve ći na je uglav nom ima la dve ili tri ri dru že ne bo le sti. Kod wih su sta ti stič ki zna čajno če šće d i j a g n o s t i ko v a n i : h r o n ič na o struk tiv na bo lest luća, b r o n h i e k t a z ij e, ko m e n z o v a n a i d e ko m e n z o v a n a k a r d i o m i o a t i j a, s r ča n a a r i t m i j a, a r t e r ij s k a h i e r t e n z i j a i d ij a b e t e s m e l i t us. S a o v eća wem bro ja ri dru že nih bo le sti do šlo je i do sta ti stič ki zna čaj nog o ve ća wa bol ničkog mor ta li te ta (<0,001). Kod hro nič ne o struk tiv ne bo le sti lu ća i d e ko m e n z o v a n e k a r d i o m i o a t i j e s t a t i s t ički zna čaj na raz li ka u mor ta li te tu je usta no vqe na u obe sta ro sne gru e. Za kqu čak Kod oso ba sta ri jih od 65 go di na bol nič ki le če nih od van bol nič ki ste če ne ne u mo ni je ve ći je rog nostič ki skor i sta ti stič ki zna čajno veći mor ta li tet ne go kod mla đih bo le sni ka, a i sta ti stič ki zna čajno če šće se be le že ri dru že ne bo le sti. Kquč ne re či: van bol nič ki ste če na ne u mo ni ja; sta ri je oso be; ri dru že ne bo le sti UVOD Van bol niè ki ste èe na ne u mo ni ja (VSP) se kod osoba starije životne dobi i kod ridruženih bolesti èešæe javqa [1, 2, 3]. Incidencija obolevawa od neumonija u svetu je 1-1,5% i oveæava se sa sta ro šæu, a je kod oso ba sta ri jih od 65 godina i onih s ridruženim bolestima 2,5-4,5% [4]. Prema odacima Amerièkog torakalnog društva (American Thoracic Society ATS), neumonije su èe tvr ti uzrok smr ti oso ba sta ri je ži votne do bi [4]. Od uku nog bro ja obo le lih od VSP u Sjediwenim Amerièkim Državama, osobe starije od 65 godina èine jednu treæinu bolesnika, ali se vi še od jed ne o lo vi ne uku nih sred stava namewenih leèewu bolesnika sa neumonijom o tro ši na ovu sta ro snu gru u zbog èe šæeg i dužeg bol niè kog le èe wa [5, 6, 7]. Usled ridruženih hroniènih bolesti i involucije imunološkog sistema, stari qudi lakše obo le va ju od in fek ci ja di saj nih or ga na, koje su kod wih i èest uzrok smr ti [8]. Sta rost bole sni ka i za stu qe nost ri dru že nih bo le sti su važni faktori koji dorinose nastanku neumonija i ishodu wihovog leèewa, a se navode u svim rognostièkim modelima i istièu kao najznaèajniji rognostièki faktori neumonija. Indeks težine neumonije (ITP) je najèešæe ko ri šæen rog no stiè ki sko ring-si stem ko ji, radi donošewa odluke o mestu i naèinu leèewa, vrednuje i starost i ridružene bolesti isitanika. Pomoæu ITP se rocewuju demografski faktori, ridružene bolesti (neolastièna bolest, bolest jetre, kongestivna insuficijencija srca, cerebrovaskularna bolest, bolest bubrega), klinièki na laz, la bo ra to rij ski i ra di o lo ški o da ci, te se na osnovu toga stra ti fi ku ju bo lesni ci u et ri ziè nih gru a [2, 8]. ATS u smer nica ma za le èe we VSP kod od ra slih oso ba kao bitne faktore rocene težine neumonije koji indikuju hositalizaciju bolesnika istièe, izmeðu ostalog, starost reko 65 godina i ostojawe ridruženih oboqewa, kao što su: hronièna ostruktivna bolest luæa (HOBP), bronhiektazije, malignitet, dijabetes melitus, hronièna insuficijencija bubrega, kongestivna insuficijencija srca, hronièna bolest jetre, hronièni alkoholizam, malnutricija, cerebrovaskularne bolesti i ostsle nek to mi ja. Za jed no sa dru gim fak to rima, starost reko 65 godina i ridružene bolesti ta ko ðe o ve æa va ju ri zik od in fek ci je ne u- mokokom rezistentnim na enicilin i lekove i Gram-negativnim uzroènicima, dok je bronhiektazija znaèajan faktor rizika od infekcije bakterijom Pseudomonas aeruginosa [4]. Sliè ne su i reoruke Britanskog torakalnog društva (British Thoracic Society BTS) iz go di ne, ko je isti èu da su sta rost re ko 50 go di na i ri dru že ne

2 620 СРПСКИ АРХИВ ЗА ЦЕЛОКУПНО ЛЕКАРСТВО bolesti znaèajni neovoqni rognostièki faktori [1]. U re o ru ka ma BTS iz go di ne o le èe wu odra slih oso ba od VSP is tak nut je zna èaj sta ro sti bolesnika reko 65 godina [9]. CIQ RADA Ciq ra da je bio da se utvr de uèe sta lost i zna èaj ridruženih bolesti kod osoba starijih od 65 godina koji su bol niè ki le èe ni od VSP. METODE RADA Istraživawe je izvedeno u Institutu za luæne bolesti Vojvodine u Sremskoj Kamenici, a obuhvatilo je 550 oso ba bol niè ki le èe nih od VSP od 1. ju na do 31. maja godine. Podaci o ridruženim bolestima i bolnièkom mortalitetu su oreðeni u odnosu na starosnu granicu od 65 godina. Ustanovqena je uèestalost ridruženih bolesti, a statistièko oreðewe je vr še no ri me nom χ 2 -testa. Statistièki znaèajnim su se sma tra le vred no sti ma we od 0,05. Re zul tati su rikazani tabelarno i grafièki. a 3 boda ekstremno veliki rizik. Postoji statistièki zna èaj na raz li ka (<0,001) u ras o de li bo le snika re ma sko ru PN-ADD u od no su na sta rost. Kod starijih isitanika zabeleženi su veæi skor i veæa vero vat no æa smrt nog is ho da to kom bol niè kog le èe wa. Sto a smrt no sti se u od no su na skor PN-ADD sta tistièki znaèajno razlikovala (<0,001), ka ko kod svih isitanika, tako i u starosnim gruama (Tabela 1). Kli niè ki sim to mi i zna ci ko ji su sta ti stièki zna èaj no vi še usta no vqe ni kod is i ta ni ka stari jih od 65 go di na ne go kod mla ðih bi li su: ote ža no disawe (<0,001), oremeæaj svesti (<0,001), cijanoza (<0,001), tahikardija (=0,007) i arterijska hiotenzija (=0,007) (Tabela 2). Od 550 is i ta ni ka 144 (26,2%) ni su ima la ni jed nu ridruženu bolest, dok je kod 406 bolesnika (73,8%) zabeležena jedna ridružena bolest ili više wih, i to kod 96 is i ta ni ka sta ri jih od 65 go di na (94,1%) i 310 bolesnika mlaðih od 65 godina (69,2%). Ova razlika je bila statistièki znaèajna (<0,001). Rasodela is i ta ni ka re ma bro ju ri dru že nih bo le sti se Табела 2. Учесталост клиничких симптома и знакова према старости болесника (године) Table 2. The frequency of clinical symtoms and signs related to atients age (years) REZULTATI Od 550 is i ta ni ka sa VSP bi lo je 448 bo le sni ka mlaðih od 65 go di na (81,45%) i 102 bo le sni ka sta ri ja od 65 godina (18,55%). Stoa smrtnosti isitanika rve gru e bi la je 6,0%, a is i ta ni ka dru ge gru e 21,6%; razlika je bila statistièki znaèajna (<0,001) (Tabela 1). Rasodela isitanika je vršena na osnovu sistema za redviðawe mortaliteta osoba obolelih od neumonije PN-ADD [10], ko ji je jed no sta van jer se sa sto ji od malog broj arametara (vrednost kreatinina veæa od 125 μmol/l, neumonijom zahvaæena više od dva režwa i vred nost PaO 2 ma wa od 6,5 kpa). Isitanik dobi ja o je dan bod na osno vu za stu qe no sti sva kog od tri faktora rizika. Na osnovu ovako kreiranog modela, broj moguæih bodova je od 0 (bolesnik nema fakto re ri zi ka) do 3 (bo le sni k ima sva tri fak to ra rizika). Bolesnici su na osnovu toga svrstani u èetiri gru e ri zi ka, gde je 0 bo do va ozna èa va lo da ne ma rizi ka, 1 bod je zna èio ma li ri zik, 2 bo da ve li ki ri zik, Клинички симптоми и знаци Clinical symtoms and signs Кашаљ Cough Отежано дисање Dysnea Бол у грудном кошу Chest ains Губитак телесне масе Body weight loss Малаксалост Fatigue Главобоља Headache Миалгија Myalgia Поремећај свести Altered consciousness Цијаноза Cyanosis Тахикардија Tachycardia Артеријска хипотензија Arterial hyotension <65 > % 98.0% % 67.7% 52.7% 47.1% % 52.9% % 90.2% % 26.5% % 25.5% % 17.6% 21.4% 52.9% 60.7% 75.5% % 13.7% Табела 1. Расподела испитаника према скору PN-ADD и смртност болесника према старости (године) Table 1. PN-ADD score related distribution of atients and obtained mortality related to age (years) Скор PN-ADD PN-ADD score Број испитаника Number of atients <65 >65 Укупно Total Смртност болесника Patients mortality <65 >65 Укупно Total (84.6%) 59 (57.8%) 438 (79.6%) (9.82%) 21 (20.59%) 65 (11.8%) 3 (6.8%) 2 (9.5%) 5 (7.7%) 2 14 (3.13%) 12 (11.7%) 26 (4.73%) 13 (92.9%) 10 (83.3%) 23 (88.5%) 3 11 (2.46%) 10 (9.80%) 21 (3.82%) 11 (100%) 10 (100%) 21 (100%) Укупно Total 448 (100%) 102 (100%) 550 (100%) 27 (6.0%) 22 (21.6%) 49 (8.9%)

3 SERBIAN ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE 621 statistièki znaèajno razlikovala u odnosu na starost bolesnika (<0,001). Me ðu is i ta ni ci ma mla ðim od 65 godina najviše je bilo onih bez ridruženih bole sti ili s jed nom ri dru že nom bo le šæu, dok je meðu sta ri jim is i ta ni ci ma naj vi še bi lo bo le snika sa dve ili tri ri dru že ne bo le sti (Gra fi kon 1). S oveæawem broja ridruženih bolesti došlo je i do statistièki znaèajnog oveæawa stoe bolnièkog mortaliteta (<0,001). Trend oveæawa smrtnosti bolesnika mlaðih od 65 godina je eksonencijalnog tia, a kod starijih bolesnika linearnog (Grafikon 2). Po sma tra ju æi sve is i ta ni ke ob u hva æe ne is traživawem, uoèeno je da kod bolesnika s ridruženim bolestima dolazi do statistièki znaèajnog oveæawa smrtnosti, osim kada bolesnici imaju srèanu aritmiju i arterijsku hiertenziju (Tabela 3). Od ri dru že nih bo le sti lu æa, HOBP je di jag nostikovana kod 69,6% bolesnika starijih od 65 godina i 37,1% mlaðih isitanika; razlika je bila statistièki znaèajna (<0,001). Statistièki je bila znaèajna i razlika u stoi smrtnosti bolesnika sa HOPB mlaðih, odnosno starijih od 65 godina (=0,001). Sto a smrt nosti i kod mla ðih (10,2%) i kod sta ri jih (28,2%) bo lesnika bila je statistièki znaèajno veæa ako je isitanik bolovao od HOBP nego ukoliko nije. Bronhiektazije su dijagnostikovane kod 21,6% isitanika starijih od 65 godina i 13,4% mlaðih bolesnika; razlika je bila statistièki znaèajna (=0,05). Stoa smrtnosti i kod mla ðih i kod sta ri jih bo le sni ka bi la je ve æa ako je isitanik imao bronhiektazije nego ukoliko nije, ali je statistièki bila znaèajna samo kod bolesnika mlaðih od 65 go di na (=0,001; =0,659). Se kve le tu ber kulo ze lu æa su za be le že ne kod 11,8% bo le sni ka sta rijih od 65 go di na i 6,7% mla ðih is i ta ni ka, ali ova razli ka ni je bi la sta ti stiè ki zna èaj na (=0,125). Sto a smrtnosti i kod mlaðih i kod starijih bolesnika bila je veæa kod onih sa sekvelama tuberkuloze luæa, nego kod is i ta ni ka ko ji ni su ima li ovu ri dru že nu bo Број болесника (%) Number of atients (%) Број придружених болести Number of Графикон 1. Расподела болесника према броју придружених болести и старост Grah 1. Patients distribution related to and age Морталитет (%) Mortality (%) < Број придружених болести Number of Графикон 2. Болнички морталитет болесника према броју придружених болести и старост Grah 2. Hosital mortality related to atients age and number of

4 622 СРПСКИ АРХИВ ЗА ЦЕЛОКУПНО ЛЕКАРСТВО lest, ali je statistièki bila znaèajna samo kod isitanika mlaðih od 65 godina (<0,001; =0,496) (Tabela 4). Od ri dru že nih bo le sti kar di o va sku lar nog sistema, komenzovana kardiomioatija je dijagnostiko va na kod 22,5% is i ta ni ka sta ri jih od 65 go di na i 8,5% mlaðih bolesnika; razlika je bila statistièki znaèajna (<0,001). Stoa smrtnosti i kod mlaðih i kod sta ri jih is i ta ni ka bi la je ve æa kod onih ko- Табела 3. Стопа смртности свих испитаника у односу на постојање придружених болести Table 3. Mortality of all atients related to Болест Comorbidity ХОБП COPD Бронхиектазије Bronchiectases Секвеле туберкулозе плућа Pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae Компензована кардиомиопатија Comensated cardiomyoathy Декомпензована кардиомиопатија Decomensated cardiomioathy Срчана аритмија Cardiae arrhythmia Артеријска хипертензија Arterial hyertension Прележан инфаркт миокарда Myocardial infarction Дијабетес мелитус Diabetes mellitus Цироза јетре Liver cirrhosis Улкусна болест Ulcer Неуролошка болест Neurologic disorder Малигне болести Malignancy Без болести Without Са болешћу With 3.8% 15.6% 7.1% 19.5% % 26.2% 5.9% 32.8% 6.9% 43.3% 8.3% 17.1% % 13.2% % 30.8% % 23.8% 7.8% 77.8% 7.8% 25.7% % 60.0% % 44.4% ji su ima li ovu bo lest ne go kod onih bez we, ali je statistièki bila znaèajna samo kod mlaðih bolesnika (<0,001; =0,144). Dekomenzovana kardiomioatija je ustanovqena kod 12,7% bolesnika starijih od 65 godina i 3,8% mlaðih isitanika; razlika je bila sta ti stiè ki zna èaj na (=0,001). Sto a smrt no sti i kod mlaðih i kod starijih isitanika bila je statistiè ki zna èaj no ve æa kod onih s ovom bo le šæu ne go bez we (<0,001; =0,008). Srèana aritmija je dijagnostikovana kod 17,6% bolesnika starijih od 65 godina i 5,1% mlaðih bolesnika; razlika je bila statistièki znaèajna (<0,001). Stoa smrtnosti i kod mlaðih i kod sta ri jih bi la je ve æa ako je bo le snik imao srèanu aritmiju, nego ako nije, ali bez statistièke znaèajnosti (=0,918; =0,679). Arterijska hiertenzija je zabeležena kod 25,5% isitanika starijih od 65 godina i 11,2% mlaðih bolesnika; razlika je bila statistièki znaèajna (<0,001). Sto a smrt no sti kod mlaðih bolesnika bila je veæa ukoliko je isitanik bolo vao od ar te rij ske hi er ten zi je ne go uko li ko ni je, ali bez statistièke znaèajnosti (=0,117). Ranije reležan infarkt miokarda je zabeležen kod 4,9% bolesnika starijih od 65 godina i 1,8% mlaðih isitanika; razlika nije bila statistièki znaèajna (=0,131). Sto a smrt no sti i kod mla ðih i kod sta ri jih is i tani ka bi la je ve æa kod onih ko ji su re le ža li in farkt mi o kar da ne go kod onih ko ji ni su, ali bez sta ti stièke znaèajnosti (=0,127; =0,638) (Tabela 5). Od drugih ridruženih bolesti, dijabetes melitus je dijagnostikovan kod 30,4% bolesnika starijih od 65 godina i 10,9% mlaðih bolesnika; razlika je bila statistièki znaèajna (<0,001). Stoa smrtnosti i kod mla ðih i kod sta ri jih is i ta ni ka bi la je veæa kod onih s ovom bo le šæu, ne go bez we, ali je razlika bila statistièki znaèajna samo kod bolesnika mla ðih od 65 go di na (<0,001; =0,141). Ci ro za je tre je di jag no sti ko va na kod 2,0% bo le sni ka sta ri jih od 65 godina i 1,6% mlaðih bolesnika; razlika nije bila statistièki znaèajna (=1,000). Stoa smrtnosti i kod mla ðih i kod sta ri jih je bi la ve æa kod is i tani ka s ovom bo le šæu ne go kod is i ta ni ka bez we, ali je raz li ka sta ti stiè ki bi la zna èaj na sa mo kod mlaðih od 65 go di na (<0,001; =0,064). Ul ku sna bo lest Табела 4. Учесталост и стопа смртности испитаника с обољењима плућа Table 4. The frequency of ulmonary and mortality Болест Comorbidity HOBP COPD Бронхиектазије Bronchiectases Секвеле туберкулозе плућа Pulmonary tuberculosis sequellae Смртност Старост Број Mortality (године) испитаника Укупно Age Number of Total Без болести Са болешћу (years) atients Without With < % 3.5% 10.2% % > % 6.5% 28.2% < % 4.4% 16.7% % > % 20.0% 27.3% <65 6.7% 4.8% 23.3% 7.6% > % 20.0% 33.3%

5 SERBIAN ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE 623 Табела 5. Учесталост и стопа смртности испитаника с кардиоваскуларним болестима Table 5. The frequency of cardiovascular and atients, mortality Болест Comorbidity Компензована кардиомиопатија Comensated cardiomyoathy Декомпензована кардиомиопатија Decomensated cardiomyoathy Срчана аритмија Cardiac arrhythmia Артеријска хипертензија Arterial hyertension Прележан инфаркт миокарда Myocardial infarction Старост (године) Age (years) Број испитаника Number of atients Укупно Total Без болести Without 3.7% Смртност Mortality Са болешћу With 31.6% <65 8.5% 11.1% > % 17.7% 34.8% <65 3.8% 4.9% 35.3% 5.5% > % 16.9% 53.8% <65 5.1% 5.9% 8.7% % > % 20.2% 27.8% < % 5.3% 12.0% % > % 23.7% 15.4% <65 1.8% 5.7% 25.0% % >65 4.9% 20.6% 40.0% Табела 6. Учесталост и стопа смртности испитаника с осталим болестима Table 6. The frequency of other and atients, mortality Болест Comorbidity Дијабетес мелитус Diabetes mellitus Цироза јетре Liver cirrhosis Улкусна болест Ulcer Неуролошка болест Neurogical disease Малигне болести Malignancy Смртност Број Старост Mortality испитаника Укупно (године) Number of Total Без болести Са болешћу Age (years) atients Without With < % 4.5% 18.4% 14.5% > % 16.9% 32.3% <65 1.6% 5.0% 71.4% 1.6% >65 2.0% 20.0% 100% <65 6.0% 5.2% 18.5% % >65 7.8% 19.1% 50.0% <65 1.1% 5.4% 60.0% 0.9% - >65 0.0% 21.6% <65 1.3% 5.2% 66.7% 1.6% >65 2.9% 22.2% 0.0% želuca ili duodenuma je ustanovqena kod 7,8% bolesnika starijih od 65 godina i 6,0% mlaðih isitanika; razlika nije bila statistièki znaèajna (=0,650). Sto a smrt no sti i kod mla ðih i kod sta ri jih bo lesnika bila je veæa kod isitanika s ovim oboqewem ne go kod onih kod ko jih ulkusna bolest želuca ni je ustanovqena, ali je razlika statistièki bila znaèajna samo kod isitanika mlaðih od 65 godina (=0,017; =0,112). Neurološke bolesti su zabeležene kod 1,1% is i ta ni ka mla ðih od 65 go di na, dok ih kod sta rijih bo le sni ka ni je bi lo. Ova raz li ka, me ðu tim, nije bila statistièki znaèajna (=0,621). Maligne bolesti su ustanovqene kod 2,9% isitanika starijih od 65 godina i 1,3% mlaðih bolesnika; razlika nije bila statistièki znaèajna (=0,472). Sto a smrt nosti kod is i ta ni ka mla ðih od 65 go di na bi la je statistièki znaèajno veæa kod onih s malignitetom nego kod onih kod ko jih ma lig na bo lest ni je di jag nostikovana (<0,001) (Tabela 6). Proseèna dužina boravka bolesnika sa VSP u bolni ci se u od no su na broj ri dru že nih bo le sti statistièki znaèajno (<0,001) smawivala s oveæawem bro ja ri dru že nih bo le sti u obe gru e is i ta ni ka (Grafikon 3). Me ðu is i ta ni ci ma ko ji su ot u šte ni iz bol nice nije bilo statistièki znaèajne razlike u roseènoj dužini hositalizacije u odnosu na starost reko i is od 65 go di na (=0,666). Proseèna dužina boravka u bol ni ci u od no su na broj ri dru že nih bo le sti se nije statistièki znaèajno mewala (=0,357) s o ve æawem broja ridruženih bolesti ni u jednoj grui isitanika koji su reživeli (Grafikon 4).

6 624 СРПСКИ АРХИВ ЗА ЦЕЛОКУПНО ЛЕКАРСТВО Боравак у болници (дани) Length of hositalization (days) < Број придружених болести Number of Графикон 3. Дужина боравка у болници испитаника према броју придружених болести и старост Grah 3. Hositalization duration deending on the number of and age Боравак у болници (дани) Length of hositalization (days) = Број придружених болести Number of Графикон 4. Дужина боравка у болници испитаника према броју придружених болести и старост (само преживели) Grah 4. Hositalization duration deending on the number of and age (only survivors) DISKUSIJA Pne u mo ni ja je jed na od naj èe šæih in fek ci ja di sajnih or ga na oso ba sta ri je ži vot ne do bi, a zbog udruže no sti s kar di o ul mo nal nim ri dru že nim bo lesti ma, od no sno osla bqe ne od bra ne or ga ni zma, smrtnost od ovo ga obo qe wa je ve æa ne go kod mla ðih bo lesni ka [11]. I u na šem is tra ži va wu smrt nost od VSP sta ri jih oso ba bi la je ve æa ne go mla ðih, što o tvrðuju i nalazi drugih autora [6]. Kod isitanika starijih od 65 godina zabeležen je i veæi skor nego kod mlaðih bolesnika. Takoðe, 195 starijih bolesnika iz staraèkih domova riadaju IV ili V gru i ITP, sa sto om smrt no sti od 16% u kla si IV, od no sno 36% u kla si V [12]. Otežano disawe, oremeæaj svesti, cijanoza, tahikardija i arterijska hiotenzija se èešæe beleže kod bolesnika starijih od 65 godina, što ukazu je na te žu kli niè ku sli ku. U na šem is tra ži va wu kod 94,1% starijih bolesnika zabeležena je neka ridru že na bo lest, dok je u stu di ji o VSP kod sta rih osoba u Šaniji 82,5% isitanika imalo bar jednu ridru že nu bo lest [13]. Le roa (Le roy) i sa rad ni ci [14] su u mul ti cen triè noj stu di ji u Fran cu skoj o re dili odlike 505 isitanika s teškom VSP i utvrdili nekoliko teških ridruženih bolesti i èešæu hroniènu slabost disajnih organa kod starih bolesnika. HOBP je u na šem is tra ži va wu bi la sta ti stiè ki znaèajno èešæa meðu bolesnicima starijim od 65 godi na, a ro ce nat smrt no sti je bio ve æi uko li ko je isi ta nik bo lo vao od HOBP. HOBP je naj èe šæa osnov na bolest kod osoba koji su reminuli usled neumonije i znaèajan faktor rizika smrtnog ishoda [15]. Udružena je s lošijom rognozom neumonija i usorenim ovlaèewem osnovnog oboqewa. S druge strane, bronhoulmonalne infekcije izazvane bakterijama imaju znaèajnu ulogu u egzacerbaciji HOBP, što objašwava wihovu meðusobnu ovezanost i uslovqenost. Bronhiektazije su u našem istraživawu bile èešæe kod bo-

7 SERBIAN ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE 625 lesnika starijih od 65 godina. Potvrðene su kao faktor rizika smrti od neumonija [10]. To se objašwava èestim, onavqanim i sve rostranijim infekcijama dowih disajnih uteva uz sve težu narušenost arhitektonike disajnog trakta i imunodeficijencijom [16]. Sekvele tuberkuloze luæa kod naših isitanika nisu okazale statistièku znaèajnost javqawa u odnosu na starost. Meðutim, ojedini autori [17] zaažaju komlikovaniji tok i lošiji ishod neumonija kod osoba s ranije reležanom tuberkulozom luæa. Utvrðena je statistièka znaèajnost u ogledu zastuqenosti komenzovane kardiomioatije, dekomenzovane kardiomioatije, srèane aritmije i arterijske hiertenzije kod osoba starijih od 65 godina. Znaèaj kardiovaskularnih bolesti, kao faktora loše rognoze VSP, istièu mnogi autori. Koronarna arterijska bolest i kongestivno ošteæewe srca su èesta ridru že na sta wa kod sta ri jih oso ba sa VSP ko ja mo gu da uka žu na mo gu æu smrt bo le sni ka [18]. U na šem istraživawu smrtnost i bolesnika mlaðih i bolesnika starijih od 65 godina bila je statistièki znaèajno veæa kod isitanika sa dekomenzovanom kardiomioatijom nego kod onih kod kojih ovo oboqewe nije dijagnostikovano. Dijabetes melitus je faktor rizika za nastanak neumonije i lošijeg ishoda, što je utvrðeno i u našem istraživawu. Javqawe ciroze jetre i ulkusne bolesti kod naših isitanika nije bilo statistièki znaèajno u od no su na sta rost bo le sni ka, a smrt nost svih je bila veæa kod isitanika s ovim bolestima nego bez wih. Ciroza jetre je otvrðeni faktor rizika ishoda ne u mo ni ja, dok je smrt nost od ne u mo kok ne ne u- monije veæa kod osoba obolelih od ciroze jetre [19]. Mnogi autori navode neurološka oboqewa, out možda nog uda ra i ma lig ne bo le sti, kao èe sta obo qe wa kod sta ri jih oso ba sa VSP i fak to re ri zi ka u redvi ða wu smrt nog is ho da usled VSP [18], ali to na šim istraživawem nije otvrðeno. ZAKQUČAK Kod oso ba sta ri jih od 65 go di na bol niè ki le èe nih od VSP ve æi je rog no stiè ki skor i sta ti stiè ki znaèajno veæa smrtnost nego kod mlaðih bolesnika, a i sta ti stiè ki zna èaj no èe šæe se be le že ri družene bolesti. LITERATURA 1. British Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of community acquired neumonia in adults. Thorax. 2001; 56(Sul 4): Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Cambell GD, Dean NA, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired neumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 44(Sul 2):S Fein A, Grossman R, Ost D, Farber B, Cassiere H. Diagnosis and Management of Pneumonia and Other Resiratory Infections. 1st ed. US Professional Communications; A Medical Publishing Comany; American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the mangement of adults with community acquired neumonia. Am J Resir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163(7): Halm EA, Teirstein AS. Management of community-acquired neumonia. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347(25): Niederman M, Sarosi G, Glassroth J. Resiratory Infections. 2nd ed. Philadelhia: Liincott Williams&Wilkins; Fine MJ. Risk stratification for atients with community-acquired neumonia. Int J Clin Pract Sul. 2000; (115): Poovac D. Bolesti luća. 6th ed. Beograd: Data status; British Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of community acquired neumonia in adults 2004 udate; Djurić M. Faktori koji utiču na ishod lečenja neumonija i mogućnost njihove stratifikacije [doktorska disertacija]. Novi Sad: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Novom Sadu; Cunha BA. Pneumonia in the elderly. Clin Microbio Infect. 2001; 7(11): Fine MJ, Auble ThE, Hanusa BH. A redictor rule for community acquired neumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336(26): García Ordóñez MA, García Jiménez JM, Páez F, Alvarez F, Poyato B, Franquelo M, et al. Clinical asects and rognostic factors in elderly atients hositalised for community-acquired neumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001; 20(1): Leroy O, Bosquet C, Vandenbussche C, Coffinier C, Georges H, Guery B, et al. Community-acquired neumonia in the intensive care unit: eidemiological and rognosis data in older eole. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999; 47(5): Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S, Huchon G, Leven M, Ortqvist A, et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower resiratory tract infections. Eur Resir J. 2005; 26: Barker A. Bronchiectasis. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(18): Chan SS, Yuen EH, Kew J, Cheung WL, Cocks RA. Community acquired neumonia-imlementation on a rediction rule to guide selection of atients for outatient treatment. Eur J Emerg Med. 2001; 8(4): Mody L, Sun R, Bradley S. Community-acquired neumonia in older veterans: does the neumonia rognosis index hel? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002; 50(3): Watari M, Ohe M, Kunimoto E, Tsukamoto R, Komagata H. Community-acquired neumococcal neumonia: a comarative study of bacteremic and nonbacteremic atients. Jaan. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. 2000; 38(4):253-8.

8 626 СРПСКИ АРХИВ ЗА ЦЕЛОКУПНО ЛЕКАРСТВО Frequency and Relevance of Concomitant Diseases in Elderly Patients Hositalized for Community Acquired Pneumonia Mirna Djurić, Djordje Považan, Nevena Sečen, Branislav Perin Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia SUMMARY Introduction Patients age and concomitant diseases are relevant for the develoment and treatment outcome of neumonia. Objective To establish the frequency and relevance of concomitant diseases in atients over 65 years of age hositalized for community acquired neumonia. Methods The research included 550 atients hositalized at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica due to community acquired neumonia. Data on concomitant diseases and mortality rate was correlated with the atients age limit of 65 years, and then statistically analyzed and resented in tables. Results There were 446 (81.45%) atients under and 102 (18.55%) over the age of 65 years. Dysnea, imaired consciousness, cyanosis, tachycardia and arterial hyertension were significantly more common in atients over 65 years of age, who also had a higher rognostic score. Mortality was significantly higher (21.6% vs. 6.0%) in the atients aged over 65 years (). Concomitant diseases were significantly more common () among the atients over 65 years (94.1%vs.69.2%), and the majority of the elderly atients had two or three. The following were significantly more common among the atients aged over 65 years: chronic obstructive disease, bronchiectasis, comensated and decomensated cardiomyoathy, cardiac arrhythmia, arterial hyertension and diabetes mellitus. The higher number of concomitant diseases was associated with a significantly elevated hosital mortality (). A statistically significant mortality rate difference was found in both age grous regarding the comorbidity of chronic obstructive disease and decomensated cardiomyoathy. Conclusion The atients aged over 65 years hositalized due to community acquired neumonia had a statistically significantly higher rognostic score, mortality rate and concomitant diseases than the atients below 65 yeas of age. Most subjects of the older grou of atients had two or three. Concomitant diseases resulted in a statistically significant hosital mortality elevation. When comborbitities involved chronic obstructive ulmonary disease and decomensated cardiomyoathy, a statistically significant mortality difference was registered in both age grous. Keywords: community acquired neumonia; elderly atients; Mirna ĐURIĆ Institut za lućne bolesti Vojvodine, Institutski ut 4, Sremska Kamenica, Srbija Tel.: +381 (0) ; mirnadjuric@yahoo.com

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