3/4/10. Gentianaceae - gentian family!
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1 Gentianaceae - gentian family! Cosmopolitan family of 80 genera and nearly 900 species. Herbs to small trees (in the tropics) with opposite leaves. CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 4-5 G (2) Flowers 4 or 5 merous; pistil superior of 2 carpels; parietal placentation; fruit capsular Gentianaceae - gentian family! Gentiana is 5 merous, with plaits between each petal lobe Gentianaceae - gentian family! Gentianopsis procera - fringed gentian Genus is 4 merous with fringed petals Gentiana andrewsii - Bottle gentian Gentiana puberulenta - Prairie gentian 1
2 Gentianaceae - gentian family! Apocynaceae - dogbane family! Mainly tropical family of trees and vines with opposite leaves. Milky latex commonly poisonous and source of medicinal drugs. Vinca minor - periwinkle Introduced ground cover, often spreading Gentianella is 4-5 merous, without fringe, and without plaits between petal lobes Gentianella quinquefolia - stiff gentian Gentianopsis crinita - fringed gentian Apocynaceae - dogbane family! CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G 2 Flowers 5 merous, small, and with 2 separate carpels. Apocynaceae - dogbane family! CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G 2 Fruits are follicles with cottony seeds for wind dispersal. Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane Apocynum sibiricum Hemp dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane Apocynum sibiricum Hemp dogbane 2
3 Now placed in Apocynaceae. Opposite leaves generally (rarely whorled or alternate). Heavy latex system of nasty compounds. Flowers often in umbels; fruits of each flower 2 follicles. Note 2 free carpels slightly fused at top Unusual corona structure for nectar reward Fusion of 5 stamens and top of gynoecium 3
4 Gland is attached to two pollinia Las Vegas strategy of pollination; but when occurs, all ovules are fertilized. Typically few follicles are produced per plant. Note seeds with coma attached for wind dispersal. Bee removing pollinia or inserting pollinia into stigmatic cleft Asclepias amplexicaulis - Clasping milkweed 4
5 Important & large family of trees/ shrubs in the pantropics Asclepias tuberosa - Butterfly weed Asclepias syriaca - Common milkweed Asclepias incarnata - Swamp milkweed Opposite or whorled leaves Inter-petiolar stipules All species in Wisconsin are 4-merous; species in the tropics are largely 5- merous Galium - Bedstraw Coffea arabica - coffee Opposite or whorled leaves Inter-petiolar stipules All species in Wisconsin are 4-merous; species in the tropics are largely 5- merous CA (4) CO (4) A 4 G (2) The family has inferior ovary. Galium - Bedstraw Galium aparine - cleavers Cleavers and bedstraws are numerous; separated by number of whorled leaves and fruit type 5
6 Galium obtusum Wild madder Cephalanthus occidentalis - buttonbush Only shrub in Wisconsin; restricted to riparian forest or lake edges. Note heads of tiny flowers. Galium lanceolatum - wild licorice Mitchella repens Partridge berry, twin-berry Houstonia caerula- azure bluets Special concern Note: paired flowers above with connate pistils; twin berry to right 6
7 Large cosmopolitan family of alternate-leaved herbs, vines, or shrubs with cyme inflorescences Important family for nasty compounds (and drugs) Important for source of foods (potato, tomato, pepper) Capsicum - pepper Solanum - tomato & eggplant Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Nicotiana tabacum Atropa belladona Brugmansia Datura innoxia 7
8 Physalis alkekengi - Japanese lantern Solanum dulcamara - bitterweet Solanum carolinense - Horse nettle 8
9 Physalis virginiana Ground cherry Note: calyx surrounding berry Datura stramonium Jimson-weed Introduced, hallucinogenic roadside weed... also called thornapple 9
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up to 1148 species and sub-species 83% of all species currently known have been specified for the literature
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