Floristic Diversity of Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Transcription

1 Botany Research International 8 (1): 07-28, 2015 ISSN IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: /idosi.bri Floristic Diversity of Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India 1 2 Vijay V. Wagh and Ashok K. Jain 1 Plant Diversity, Systematics and arium Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India 2 School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh), India Abstract: The present study was carried out in Jhabua district, situated in the western most part of Madhya Pradesh. The present study shows that 692 species of angiosperms under 469 genera belonging to 115 families are found in Jhabua district. Out of these 150 species in 102 genera and 20 families belongs to Monocot and 542 species in 367 genera and 95 families belongs to Dicot. The tribal of the district are totally depends on the forest resources for their livelihood. Due to some natural and manmade factors several species are struggling for their existence, proper conservation and management plans are needed to save the natural resources especially medicinal and dwindling plant species of the district. Key words: Jhabua district Floristic diversity Dicot Monocot Species INTRODUCTION Centres of origin of cultivated plants, which is the geographic region where crops exhibit maximum diversity India has been recognized as one of the 12- in terms of number of races and botanical varieties [8]. megadivesity countries of the world and it is estimated Today, about 166 crop species and well over 324 species that these 12 countries possess 70% of the world total of wild relatives of crop plants are recognized and utilized flowering plants [1]. With only 2.5% of the earth s land for food production. Wild edible plants account for nearly area, India accounts for 8% of the recorded species of the 1000 species serving various purposes: 145 as world which includes millions of races, subspecies and roots/tubers, 526 as leafy vegetables/greens, 101 for buds local variants of species and the ecological processes and / flower, 647 for fruits and 18 for seeds and nuts [9]. cycles that link organisms into population, communities It is considered to be the centre of origin for about and all different ecosystems [2]. Demographically, it is the 30,000 to 50,000 varieties of rice, pigeon-pea, mango, second largest populated country in the world and a turmeric, ginger, sugar-cane, goose berry, etc., along with majority of its population directly depends on biological the richness of marine biodiversity comprising coral reefs resources for livelihood. Western Ghats and Eastern and mangroves [10]. Coral reefs are considered as the Himalayas of India are two of the 18 hotspots of the world rain forests of the sea and the mangrove cover of India due to rich phytodiversity and high percentage of is around 4, 24,400 ha [11]. However, this rich biodiversity endemism [3]. Chowdhary and Murti [4] have pointed out of India, which is the hub of wheel of life, is under severe that approximately 17,500 species of angiosperms occur in threat owing to several anthropogenic activities. Jain [12] India, while Kartikeyan [5] has estimated approximately stated that the flora of our country is very rich in many 16,809 species in India. Further, it is highly significant to ways, in number of species, in economic potential, in note that India harbours maximum number of endemic endemism and not unoften in uniqueness of biological species i.e angiosperms, 10 gymnosperms, 1200 characteristics. pteridophytes, 678 bryophytes, 260 liverworts, 466 lichens, 3500 fungi and 1924 algae [6]. The main natural Study Site: Jhabua is the district head-quarter, situated in habitat types of India include forests, grasslands, western part of Madhya Pradesh and situated at 22' 47 N wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs and deserts [7]. India latitude and 71' 35 E longitude at an average altitude of holds a prominent position among the eight Vavilovian 428 m above mean sea level (Fig. 1). Total area of the Corresponding Auhtor: Vijay V. Wagh, Plant Diversity, Systematics and arium Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India. vijaywagh65@gmail.com. 7

2 Fig. 1: Map of Jhabua District of Madhya Pradesh, India Bheel, Bhilala and Pataya. Out of these tribes Bheel and Bhilala stand high in strength, scattered in most of the villages of the district. The Bhil tribe is one of the most important and the third largest tribe of India (Fig. 2). The name has been derived from Dravidian word bil or vil meaning bow because they always keep bow & arrow for hunting. Bheel and Bhilala tribes live close to the forest and are largely dependent on the wild biological resources for their livelihood. They consume leaves, flower, corm, fruits, rhizome and bulbs, which are considered as highly Fig. 2: Bhil Tribe family nutritional with high medicinal value. In district about 28% of the area is covered with forest whose total area counts district is 6,792 Kms. The Total population of the district to 1900 sq. km. The main products of the forest are wood, as per 2001 census is 13, 94,345. Most of the village tendu leaves, mahua and bamboo. Local tribals are mostly habitants of Jhabua belong to tribal communities like dependent on forest for their daily needs. 8

3 It was observed through published literature that a Central region of the country, mainly the state thorough floristic survey in reference to its relationship Madhya Pradesh have attracted botanists for with tribes of Jhabua district is altogether wanting. intensive studies. In Madhya Pradesh work on However some scattered information is available but not floristics has been done by various workers in various sufficient. Further, no systematic and studies on floristic regions of the state and described a species with diversity of Jhabua district were made. To fill this gap the key, synonyms, phenology, vernacular names etc. present study has been carried out to collect the entire [13, 25, 33-38]. information on angiospermic phytodiversity of Jhabua The ratio among monocot to Dicot with respect to district. Samvatsar [13] has made some floristic studies in families, genera and species, families to genera and some districts of western Madhya Pradesh. Kadel [14] and genera to species with respect to Dicot, Monocot and Kadel and Jain [15] have studied some ethnobotanical total have been given in Table 2. It is apparent from the aspects of Jhabua district. Wagh and Jain studies some data that the ratio of families to genera with respect to threatened medicinal plant as well as some ethnobotanical monocot to dicot is higher than with respect to genera to aspects of the district [16-18]. Jain et al. [19] have made species. While the ratio of monocot to dicot with respect study on the presence of some miniature sacred groves in to families is higher than with respect to genera and Jhabua district and their conservation status. Despite the species. On the other hand, the ratio of genera to species vast and varied flora of Western Madhya Pradesh the with respect to Dicot is higher than that of monocot and floristic diversity of the Jhabua district has not been total. explored sufficiently. The proportion of monocot to dicot is 1:3.6 in Jhabua ditrict and 1:2.9 in Madhya Pradesh [39] taking into MATERIALS AND METHODS account the entire Indian sub-continent [21] gives the proportion of monocot to dicot as 1:2.3. The ratio of Intensive floristic surveys were undertaken during genera to species 1:1.4 in Jhabua district and 1:2.3 in in Jhabua forest division in the manner so Madhya Pradesh [39] is rather low in comparison to that each locality could be studied in each season of corresponding ratio for the whole India (1:7) [21], but it is the year. Periodic collection of plants was made from more or less comparable to adjoining flora of Bhopal 1:1.5 each locality. The plants were dried and pressed in the [25] and floristic diversity of Bhimbetka world heritage site field and taken to the laboratory and herbarium was (Madhya Pradesh) 1:1.2 [40]. prepared according to the customary methods [20]. The comparative status of families genera and These plant specimens were critically studied and species in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district identified with the help of various floras and published have been presented in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 [5, 39]. literature [21-32]. The identification was also made by The data presented in (Fig. 8) reveals that Poaceae referring some authentic publications and deposited in the (71 species) is the dominant family in the Jhabua district herbarium of School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji followed by Fabaceae (64 species), Asteraceae (38), University, Gwalior. Euphorbiaceae (31 species), Acanthaceae (23 species), Convolvulaceae, (22 species), Malvaceae (20 species), RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Caesalpiniaceae (18 species), Cucurbitaceae (17 species), Apocynaceae (16 species), Solanaceae and Verbenaceae The present study shows that 692 species of (14 species each). angiosperms under 469 genera belonging to 115 families It is apparent that Poaceae which stands first in are found in Jhabua district (Table 1). Out of these 150 dominance in Jhabua district is also most dominant family species in 102 genera and 20 families belongs to in Madhya Pradesh and India, further Fabaceae, Monocot and 542 species in 367 genera and 95 families Asteraceae and Acanthaceae which show similarity in belongs to Dicot (Fig. 3). In life form category herbaceous their position of dominance in Jhabua as well as Madhya species represents the highest numbers of species i.e. Pradesh occupy different position in the country. On the (374 species) followed trees (130 species), shrubs other hand the position of rest of dominant families of (98 species), climbers (80 species), Lianas (7 species) and Jhabua district does not coinside with the family position parasitic plants (3 species) Fig. 4. of the state and country (Table 3). 9

4 Fig. 3: Status of families, genera and species Fig. 4: Life form of the species Fig. 5: Comparative status of families in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district Fig. 6: Comparative status of Genera in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district Fig. 7: Comparative status of species in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district 10

5 Fig. 8: Ten Dominant families of Jhabua district Fig. 9: Distribution of species under families Fig. 10: Ten Dominant genera of Jhabua district It is noteworthy that the ten dominant families of Cassia (6 species each), Phyllanthus, Terminalia and Jhabua district as given in (Fig. 9) comprise 321 species Habenaria (5 species each), Alysicarpus and % of the total species included in the present work Clerodendrum (4 species each) (Fig. 10). while remaining 105 families with a total of 371 species It is interesting to record that monotypic genera constitute %. occur in Jhabua district. These are Cocos, Desmostachya, Digera, Gloriosa, Haldina, Hemidesmus, Hydrilla, Species under 10 dominant families Kigelia, Lablab, Lawsonia, Martynia, Millingtonia, Species under remaining 105 families Nelsonia, Nicandra, Oroxylum, Oougeinia, Pongamia, Rhoeo, Ricinus, Schleichera, Soymida and Tamarindus. Results indicate that Euphorbia and Ipomoea Further, some of the genera, which are represented in (11 species each) are the most dominant genus in the India by single species (including cultivated) also occur district followed by Ficus (7 species), Cyperus and in the region these are Aegle, Anthocephalus, Blainvillea, 11

6 Table 1: List of plant species found in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh, India Family Local Name Life form DICOTYLEDON MAGNOLIACEAE Michelia champaca L. (JBA-278) Champa Tree DILLENACEAE Dillenia indica L. (JBA-259) Chalta Tree ANNONACEAE Annona reticulata L (JBA-471) Ranphal Tree Annona squamosa L. (JBA-134) Sitaphal Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair (JBA - 58) Umbia Tree Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. (JBA - 180) Ashok Tree MENISPERMACEAE Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch. - Ham. ex DC.) Forman (JBA - 126) Bhanjvel Climber Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels (JBA - 248) Veshang Climber Cocculus pendulus (Forst.) Diels (JBA - 181) Jaljamni Climber Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers (JBA - 299) Climber Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms (JBA - 574) Giloy Climber PAPAVERACEAE Argemone mexicana L. (JBA - 210). Satyanashi Fumaria indica (Hassk.) Pugsley (JBA - 359) Pitpapda Papaver rhoeas L. (JBA - 568) CAPPARACEAE Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.(JBA - 723) Tethi Capparis sepiaria L. (JBA - 324) Kurrel BRASSICACEAE Brassica campestris L. (JBA-323) Rai Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. (JBA-353) Bandh gobi Raphanus sativus L. (JBA 573) Muli CLEOMACEAE Cleome gynandra L. (JBA - 15) Hulhul Cleome scaposa DC. (JBA - 548) Cleome viscosa L. (JBA - 402) Kuslya Crateva religiosa Forst. f. (JBA - 473) Tree VIOLACEAE Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) f. v. Muell.(JBA - 325) Ratnpurus FLACOURTIACEAE Casearia elliptica Willd. (JBA - 491) Kirchi Tree Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (JBA - 567) Bilanga PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum wightii A.K. Mukherjee (JBA - 360) Yekadi Tree POLYGALACEAE Polygala chinensis L. (JBA-53) Kanphua CARYOPHYLLACEAE Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lamk. (JBA - 476) Chiriya PORTULACACEAE Portulaca oleracea L. (JBA - 428) Golbgaji Portulaca pilosa L. ssp. grandiflora (Hook.) Geesink (JBA-566) Noniya MALVACEAE Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench. (JBA - 291) Bhindi Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) W. & A. ex Wt.(JBA - 212) Ran bhindi Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. ssp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. (JBA - 183) Jangali bhindi Abelmoschus moschatus Medic. (JBA - 306) Mushk dana Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet (JBA - 02) Kanghi Abutilon pannosum (Forst. f.) Schlect.(JBA - 298) Kasili Gossypium hirsutum L. (JBA - 260) Kapas Hibiscus cannabinus L. (JBA - 244) Kundrung Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (JBA - 11) Gurhal 12

7 Hibiscus vitifolius L. (JBA - 253) Jangali kapas Kydia calycina Roxb. (JBA - 184) Barangi Tree Malvaviscus conzattii Greenm. (JBA -273) Pavonia zeylanica (L.) Cav. (JBA - 150) Sida acuta Burm. f. (JBA - 490) Bala Sida alba L. (JBA - 326) Aribala Sida cordifolia L. (JBA - 539) Barilal Sida rhombifolia L. (JBA - 482) Bhuinguli Thespesia lampas (Cav. ) Dalz. & Gibs.(JBA - 579) Bankapas Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa (JBA - 572) Paras peepal Tree Urena lobata L. (JBA -564) Bachita BOMBACACEAE Adansonia digitata L. (JBA - 330) Gorakh Imli Tree Bombax ceiba L. (JBA - 48) Semala Tree Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (JBA - 575) Safed semal Tree Chorisia speciosa St. Hill. (JBA - 722) Safed semal Tree STERCULIACEAE Helicteres isora L. (JBA - 138) Atodi Sterculia urens Roxb. (JBA - 152) Kadai Tree Waltheria indica L. (JBA - 468) Khain TILIACEAE Corchorus capsularis L. (JBA - 551) Cheja Corchorus olitorius L. (JBA-61) Rajan ki bhaji Corchorus tridens L. (JBA - 577) Bhaji Corchorus trilocularis L. (JBA - 22) Grewia flavescens Juss. (JBA - 137) Choti dhamni Grewia subinaequalis DC. (JBA - 469) Phalsa Tree Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. (JBA - 580) Dhaman Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich. (JBA - 156) Liptiya Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (JBA - 342) Kalaliptiya ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Tribulus terrestris L. (JBA - 27) Gokhru ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus prunifolius (C. Muell.) Masters (JBA - 416) Rudraksha Tree LINACEAE Linum usitatissimum L. (JBA - 396) Alsi OXALIDACEAE Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (JBA - 559) Lajwanti Oxalis corniculata L. (JBA - 107) Khatti buti Oxalis corymbosa DC.(JBA - 429) BALSAMINACEAE Impatiens balsamina L. (JBA - 10) Jangali Tilli RUTACEAE Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (JBA - 252) Belpatra Tree Citrus limona (L.) Burm. f. (JBA - 576) Nibbu Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle (JBA - 185) kaith Tree Murraya koenighii (L.) Spreng. (JBA - 406) Meetha neem Murraya paniculata (L.) (JBA - 261) Madhukamini SIMAROUBACEAE Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (JBA - 96) mahaneem Tree BALANITACEAE Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (JBA - 724) Hingoti Tree BURSERACEAE Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. (JBA - 244) Salai Tree Garuga pinnata Roxb. (JBA - 135) Kakad Tree 13

8 MELIACEAE Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (JBA - 72) Limda Tree Melia azedarach L. (JBA - 216) Bakayan Tree Soymida febrifuga (Roxb. ) A. Juss. (JBA - 463) Rohan Tree CELASTRACEAE Cassine glauca (Rottb.) O. Kuntze (JBA - 341) Bhutkasa Tree Celastrus paniculatus willd. (JBA - 412) Kangan Climber Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou (JBA - 194) Bekal RHAMNACEAE Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. (JBA - 28) Ber Tree Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wt. and Arn. (JBA - 139) Jhaberi Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. (JBA -385) Makoya Ziziphus xylocarpus (Retz.) Willd.(JBA - 55) Ghont VITACEAE Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (JBA - 280) Jangali angur Climber Cissus quandrangularis L. (JBA - 235) Hadjod Climber Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (JBA - 63) Panvelo Climber LEEACEAE Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale (JBA - 425) Nanli Danhi Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem.(JBA - 425) Motali Danhi SAPINDACEAE Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (JBA - 179) Kanphuta Dodonaea angustifolia L. f. (JBA - 277) Sukha Kamer Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. (JBA - 549) Reetha Tree Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. (JBA - 481) Kusum Tree ANACARDIACEAE Anacardium occidentale L. (JBA - 130) Kaju Tree Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (JBA - 387) Chironji Tree Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. (JBA - 424) Moyana Tree Mangifera indica L. (JBA - 113) Aam Tree Rhus parviflora Roxb. ex DC. (JBA - 329) Tung Tree Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz (JBA - 327) Khattamba Tree MORINGACEAE Moringa oleifera Lamk. (JBA - 464) Sahjana Tree FABACEAE Abrus precatorious L.(JBA - 44) Ratti Climber Abrus pulchellus Wallich ex Thwaites (JBA - 171) kali ratti Climber Aeschynomeme indica L. (JBA - 558) Phulan Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC. (JBA - 430) Galiya Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. (JBA - 69) Katkhairi Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. (JBA - 570) Jaingali gailiya Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. (JBA - 331) Arachis hypogea L. (JBA - 343) Moongphali Atylosia platycarpa Benth. (JBA - 552) Bankultha Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. Jangali Kulthya Climber Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. (JBA - 589) Palash Tree Butea monosperma var. lutea (Witt) Maheshwari (JBA - 247) Pila palash Tree Butea superba Roxb. (JBA - 177) Palash bel Climber Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth (JBA - 553) Arhar Cicer arietinum L. (JBA - 397) Chana Clitoria ternatea L. (JBA - 39) Aparajita Climber Crotolaria filipes Benth. (JBA - 431) Bhuinkhod Crotolaria juncea L. (JBA - 66) Sanai Crotolaria medicaginea Lamk. (JBA - 489) Gulabi Crotolaria ramossissima Roxb. (JBA - 199) Harduli 14

9 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (JBA - 297) Gwar Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (JBA - 91) Sheesham Tree Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. (JBA - 243) Dhoban Tree Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. (JBA - 13) Sheesham Tree Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (JBA - 20) sarivan Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. (JBA - 281) Erythrina stricta Roxb. (JBA 198) Handau Tree Erythrina suberosa Roxb. (JBA - 125) Gadhapalas Tree Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. (JBA - 269) Tarul Tree Glycine max (L.) Merr. (JBA - 242) Soybean Goniogyna hirta (Willd.) Ali (JBA - 142) Indigofera cordifolia Heyne ex Roth. (JBA - 409) Nilawari Indigofera linifolia (L. f.) Retz. (JBA - 144) Torki Indigofera linnaei Ali (JBA - 201) Bhuiguli Indigofera trita L. f. (JBA - 08) Nil Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet ( JBA - 276) Papdi Climber Lathyrus aphaca L. (JBA - 186) Jangali matar Lathyrus sativus L. (JBA - 146) Vachanio Medicago sativa L. (JBA - 213) Ranmetho Melilotus indica (L.) Ali. (JBA - 321) Jangali methi Milletia extensa (Benth.) Baker (JBA - 240) Goradbel Climber Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (JBA - 31) Kewanch Climber Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wallich ex Wight) Baker ex Burck. (JBA - 195) Kwachphalli Climber Ougeinia oogeinsis (Roxb.) Hockhr. (JBA - 262) Tinchali Tree Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre (JBA - 480) kanji Tree Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (JBA - 206) Beejasal Tree Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. (JBA - 303) Sirbala Climber Rhynchosia capitata DC. (JBA - 162) Bada tinchlo Climber Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. (JBA - 197) Chota tinchlo Climber Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. (JBA - 290) Agast Tree Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Mohlenbr. (JBA - 554) Tephrosia hookeriana Wight & Arn. (JBA - 432) Garrah Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (JBA - 521) Sarpunkha Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. (JBA - 542) Bhamasia Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. (JBA - 415) Mashoni Climber Trifolium pratense L. (JBA - 492) Lusan Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (JBA - 433) Methi Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. (JBA - 322) Dabra Vicia sativa L. (JBA - 332) Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper (JBA - 411) Urd Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (JBA - 414) Moog Vigna sublobata (Roxb.) Babu & Sharma (JBA - 362) Jangali moog Zornia gibbosa Span. (JBA - 466) CAESALPINIACEAE Bauhinia acuminata L. (JBA - 546) Ahlad Tree Bauhinia purpurea L. (JBA - 73) Koliar Tree Bauhinia tomentosa L. (JBA - 413) Pila Kachnar Bauhinia variegata L. (JBA - 312) Kachnar Tree Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. (JBA - 591) Ghataran Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (JBA - 344) Chilati Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) (JBA - 467) Gulturah Cassia absus L. (JBA - 16) Chakasu Cassia fistula L. (JBA - 50) Garmala Tree Cassia kleinii Wight & Arn. (JBA - 345) Cassia occidentalis L. (JBA - 257) Kasondi 15

10 Cassia siamea Lamk. (JBA - 67) Kasod Tree Cassia tora L. (JBA - 129) Puadiya Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Rafin. (JBA - 169) Gulmohar Tree Hardwickia binata Roxb. (JBA - 103) Anjan Tree Parkinsonia aculeata L.(JBA - 543) Bilayati babool Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne (JBA - 522) Tree Tamarindus indica L. (JBA - 05) Imli Tree MIMOSACEAE Acacia auriculoformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (JBA - 352) Tree Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. (JBA - 560) Khairi Tree Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. (JBA - 45) Reunja Tree Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan (JBA - 132) Babool Tree Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth. (JBA - 95) Kala Siris Tree Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth. (JBA-271) Chichwa Tree Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. (JBA-46) Safed Siris Tree Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de Wit (JBA - 119) Subabul Tree Mimosa hamata Willd. (JBA-523) Mimosa himalayana Gamble (JBA-478) Aar Mimosa pudica L. (JBA-475) Lajwanti Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. in Hook. (JBA - 479) Jangali jalebi Tree Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (JBA-26) Vilayati babul Tree ROSACEAE Rosa multiflora Thunb.(JBA - 384) Gulab bel Climber CRASSULACEAE Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forsk.) Pers. var. glandulosa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Cufod. (JBA - 398) Khatua Kalanchoe pinnata (Lamk.) Pers. (JBA - 435) Patharchatta VAHLIACEAE Vahliya digyna (Retz.) Kuntze (JBA-434) COMBRETACEAE Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. & Perr (JBA-292) Safed Dhawada Tree Anogeissus pendula Edgew. (JBA-250) Kardhai Tree Combretum albidum G. Don (JBA-282) Liana Quisqualis indica L. (JBA - 218) Climber Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth (JBA-80) Sajad Tree Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. (JBA-158) Arjun Tree Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (JBA-191) Baheda Tree Terminalia catappa L. (JBA - 263) Kadavi badam Tree Terminalia chebula Retz. (JBA-234) Harrah Tree MYRTACEAE Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels (JBA - 219) Turah Tree Eucalyptus umbellata Dum. (JBA - 12) Lipta Tree Psidium guajava L.(JBA - 264) Amrud Tree Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (JBA-390) Jamun Tree Syzygium heyneanum Wall. ex Wight & Arn. (JBA-236) Gol jamun Tree LECYTHIDACEAE Careya arborea Roxb. (JBA-108) Kumbhi Tree LYTHRACEAE Ammannia baccifera L. (JBA-94) Nay Lagerstroemia indica L. (JBA - 283) Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (JBA-265) Lendia Tree Lawsonia inermis L. (JBA - 07) Mehandi Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz (JBA-151) Dhwai PUNICACEAE Punica granatum L.(JBA - 578) Anar 16

11 CARICACEAE Carica papaya L.(JBA - 237) Papaya Tree ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven (JBA-147) Jangali lavang PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora foetida L. (JBA-296) Kaurava pandawa Climber CUCURBITACEAE Citrullus colocyntis (Linn.) Schrad. (JBA-258) Tumadi Climber Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (JBA-74) Kundru Climber Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl. & Willd.) Hook. f. (JBA-209) Jangali Marcho Climber Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. (JBA-272) jangali kakdi Climber Cucumis sativus L. (JBA - 241) Kheera Climber Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lamk. (JBA - 284) Kaddu Climber Cucurbita moschata (Dutch. ex Lamk.) Dich. ex Poir. (JBA - 266) Meetha kaddu Climber Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffery (JBA-124) Shivlingi Climber Lagenaria sinceraria (Molina) Standl. (JBA - 192) Lauki Climber Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. (JBA - 295) Kali torai Climber Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. (JBA - 337) Torui Climber Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. (JBA-246) Bilari Climber Momordica charantia L. (JBA-399) Karela Climber Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. (JBA - 308) Kakkuda Climber Trichosanthes bracteata (Lamk.) Voigt. (JBA-04) Indrayan Climber Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (JBA-251) Chichinda Climber Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (JBA - 339) Parwal Climber CACTACEAE Cereus peruvianus (L.) Mill. (JBA - 462) Hadzhadi Opuntia elatior Mill. (JBA-333) Nagphan Opuntia vulgaris Mill. (JBA-403) Motali nagphan AIZOACEAE Trianthema triquetra Rottl. ex Willd. (JBA-461) MOLLUGINACEAE Glinus lotoides L. (JBA-268) Mollugo cerviana (L.) Seringe (JBA-289) APIACEAE Coriandrum sativum L. (JBA - 287) Dhaniya Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (JBA-294) Mandukparni CORNACEAE Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang (JBA-270) Okali Tree RUBIACEAE Anthocephalus chinensis (Lamk.) A. Rich. ex Walp. Tree Catunaregam nilotica (Stapf) Tirvengadum (JBA-460) Kalaphetra Gardenia gummifera L. f. (JBA - 190) Papada Gardenia latifolia Ait. (JBA-123) Safed papada Haldinia cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. (JBA-140) Haldu Tree Hamelia patens Jacq. (JBA - 725) Ixora coccinea L. (JBA - 437) Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. (JBA-148) Kalam Tree Morinda pubescens Sm. (JBA-117) Aaledi Tree Morinda umbellata L. (JBA-459) Aal Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (JBA-334) Khet papra Spermacoce hispida L. (JBA-458) ASTERACEAE Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (JBA-483) Chota Gokhru Ageratum conyzoides L. (JBA-71) Kobhi Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & sherff. (JBA-23) Chewada Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson (JBA-438) Blumea hieraciifolia (D. Don) DC. var. macrostachya (DC.) Hook. f. (JBA-351) 17

12 Blumea lacera (Burm.) f. DC. (JBA-335) Blumea obliqua (L.) Druc (JBA-336) Calendula officinalis L. (JBA - 439) Zergul Chrysanthemum indicum L. (JBA - 488) Cyathocline purpurea (Ham. ex D. Don) O. Ktze (JBA-407) Dahlia pinnata Cav. (JBA - 457) Echinops echinatus Roxb. (JBA-286) Oontakata Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (JBA-60) Ghamara Elephantopus scaber L. (JBA-256) Erigeron asteroides Roxb. (JBA-456) Glossocardia bosvallea (L.f.) DC. (JBA-487) Nakchikani Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers. (JBA-338) Helianthus annuus L. (JBA - 440) Surajmukhi Lagascea mollis Cav. (JBA-89) Launaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babc. ex Ker. (JBA-427) Jangali gobi Parthenium hysterophorus L. (JBA-383) Gajarghas Pentanema cernua (Dalz.) Ling (JBA-400) Jangali surajmukhi Pentanema indica (L.) Ling (JBA-164) Surajmukhi Solidago canadensis L. (JBA - 484) Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. (JBA-155) Sphaeranthus indicus L. (JBA-114) Gorakhmundi Spilanthes calva DC. (JBA-395) Akalkara Spilanthes ciliata H.B.K. (JBA-401) Charka Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-363) Tagetes erecta L. (JBA - 441) Genda Tagetes patula L. (JBA - 442) Gendi Tridax procumbens L. (JBA-68) Dimajare Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. (JBA-174) Ghodajira Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less. (JBA-83) Sahdevi Vernonia elliptica DC. (JBA - 364) Parda bel Climber Wedelia urticaefolia DC. var. wightii DC. (JBA-454) Xanthium indicum Koen. (JBA-54) Bada Gokhru Zinnia elegans Jacq. (JBA - 274) Zenia PLUMBAGINACEAE Plumbago zeylanica L. (JBA-547) Chitrak PRIMULACEAE Anagalis arvensis L.(JBA-41) SAPOTACEAE Madhuca longifolia (J. koenig) Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) Chevalier (JBA-06) Mahua Tree Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen (JBA - 275) Chiku Tree Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard (JBA-470) Khirni Tree Mimusops elengi L. (JBA - 112) Maulsri Tree EBENACEAE Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (JBA-255) Tendu Tree OLEACEAE Jasminum auriculatum Vahl (JBA - 288) Juhi Climber Jasminum grandiflorum L. (JBA - 724) Chameli Climber Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton (JBA - 32) Bela Nyctanthes arbor - tristis L. (JBA-110) Harsingar Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. (JBA-350) Mokha Tree SALVADORACEAE Salvadora persica L. (JBA-182) Pilu APOCYNACEAE Allamanda cathartica L. (JBA - 518) Climber Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. (JBA - 70) Saptaparni Tree Carissa carandas L. (JBA-587) Karonda Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines (JBA-422) Karondi 18

13 Catharanthus pusillus (Murr.) G. Don (JBA-128) Jangali Baramasi Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (JBA - 493) Sada-bahar Holarrhena pubescens (Buch. - Ham.) Wallich ex G. Don (JBA-76) Kurchi Tree Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) R. Br. (JBA-300) Dheemarbel Climber Nerium indicum Mill. (JBA - 453) Kanher Plumeria alba L. (JBA - 205) Champa Plumeria rubra L. (JBA - 443) Champa Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz (JBA-246) Sarpganda Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. (JBA - 81) Chandani Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. (JBA - 193) Pili bitti Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabberley (JBA-517) Kueda Tree Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. (JBA-82) Kali dudhi Tree ASCLEPIADACEAE Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. (JBA-159) Madar Calotropis procera (Aiton) R. Br. (JBA-157) Aak Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. (JBA-17) Bosia kand Climber Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Schult. (JBA-494) Dudhibel Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br. (JBA-452) Liana Gymnema hirsutum Wight & Arnott (JBA-581) Meshringi Climber Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (JBA-143) Anantmul Climber Holostemma ada - kodien Schult. (JBA-477) Chhirovel Climber Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (JBA-472) Sadowani Climber Tylophora rotundifolia Buch.- Ham. ex Wight (JBA-600) Dambela Climber Wattakaka volubulis (L. f.) Stapf (JBA-565) Dudhali Climber LOGANIACEAE Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmelin) Torr & A. Gray (JBA-689) Spigelia anthelmia L. (JBA-85) Gudari Strychnos nux - vomica L. (JBA-650) Kuchla Tree BUDDLEJACEAE Buddleja asiatica Lour. (JBA-444) Neemada GENTIANACEAE Canscora decussata (Roxb.) Roem. & Schult Sankhphuli Centarium meyeri (Bunge) Druce (JBA-582) Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal (JBA-307) Dedpaliya Exacum pedunculatum L. (JBA-651) MENYANTHACEAE Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze (JBA-601) HYDROPHYLLACEAE Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl (JBA-445) BORAGINACEAE Cordia dichotoma G. Forster (JBA-311) Lasoda Tree Ehretia laevis Roxb. (JBA-64) Datrangi Tree Helitropium indicum L. (JBA-451) Hathisunda Trichodesma indicum (Linn.) R. Br. ex Lehm. (JBA-03) Ghamara Trichodesma stocksii Boiss. (JBA-652) CONVOLVULACEAE Argyreia kleiniana (Roem. & Schult.) Raizada (JBA-649) Climber Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer (JBA - 688) Samander-ka-pat Liana Convolvulus arvensis L. (JBA-516) Grachi Convolvulus prostratus Forssk (JBA-404) Shankhpushpi Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. (JBA-141) Shankhpushpi Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. (JBA-495) Ipomoea carnea Jacq. (JBA-34) Umarichata Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (JBA - 583) Shakkar kandi Climber Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet (JBA - 602) Chatribel Climber Ipomoea dichroa (Roem. & Schult.) Choisy (JBA-687) Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. (JBA-167) 19

14 Ipomoea hederifolia L. (JBA-598) Climber Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth (JBA-420) Mirchai Climber Ipomoea pestigridis L. (JBA-496) Nasedi Climber Ipomoea quamoclit L. (JBA - 686) Kamlata Climber Ipomoea sindica Stapf (JBA-653) Climber Ipomoea turbidata Lag. (JBA-603) Climber Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. (JBA - 597) Climber Merremia emarginata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. (JBA-590) Undir kani Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall. f. (JBA-648) Operculina turpenthum (L.) Manso (JBA-654) Climber Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy (JBA-604) Parh Climber CUSCUTACEAE Cuscuta campestris Yunck. (JBA-647) Amarbel Climber Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (JBA-655) Amarbel Climber Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (JBA-21) Akasbel Climber SOLANACEAE Capsicum annuum L. (JBA - 450) Mirch Cestrum nocturnum L. (JBA - 38) Rat-ki-rani Datura innoxia Mill. (JBA-446) Dhatura Datura metel L. (JBA-515) Kala dhatura Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (JBA - 449) Tamatar Nicandra physalodes (L.) Scop. (JBA-656) Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. (JBA-685) Jangali tamakhu Petunia hybrida x Hort. ex Vilm. (JBA - 605) Physalis minima L. (JBA-116) Poptiya Solanum melongena L. (JBA - 646) Bhanta Solanum nigrum L. (JBA-160) Makoi Solanum tuberosum L. (JBA - 596) Aalu Solanum virginianum L. (JBA-436) Kateri Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (JBA-86) Asgandh SCROPHULARIACEAE Bacopa hamiltoniana (Benth.) Wettst. (JBA-584) Bam Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (JBA-465) Brahmi Lindenbergia indica (L.) Vatke (JBA-645) Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell (JBA-684) Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.v. Muell. (JBA-657) Linernia antipoda (L.) Alston (JBA-605) Russelia equisetiformis Schlechtend. & Cham. (JBA - 644) Striga angustifolia (D. Don) Saldanha (JBA-595) Torenia indica Saldanha (JBA-585) Veronica anagalis - aquatica L. (JBA-683) BIGNONIACEAE Dolichandrone falcata (Wallich ex DC.) Seem. (JBA-447) Tree Jacarandra mimosaefolia D. Don (JBA 606) Niligulmohar Tree Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. (JBA - 643) Jharphanus Tree Millingtonia hortensis L. f. (JBA - 658) Aakash neem Tree Oroxylum indicum (L.) Venten. (JBA-302) Sonpata Tree Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers (JBA - 682) Liana Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (JBA - 448) Sonpati Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. (JBA-586) Ragtroida Tree PEDALIACEAE Sesamum indicum L. (JBA - 594) Til MARTYNIACEAE Martynia annua L. (JBA-77) Bicchu 20

15 ACANTHACEAE Adhatoda zeylanica Medik. (JBA-642) Adulsa Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wallich ex Nees. (JBA-47) Bhuin neem Barleria cristata L. (JBA-681) Tandralu Barleria prionitis L. (JBA-208) Piyabans Blepharis asperrima Nees (JBA-659) Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth (JBA-593) Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees (JBA - 607) Priya darsa Dipterocanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees (JBA-640) Elytraria acaulis (L. f.) Lindau (JBA-592) Eranthemum roseum (Vahl) R. Br. (JBA-170) Haplanthodes tentaculatus (Nees) Majumdar (JBA-18) Katsula Hemigraphis latebrosa (Heyne ex Roth) Nees (JBA-661) Bhangara Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine (JBA-313) Talmakhana Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreemadh. (JBA-680) Justicia diffusa Willd. (JBA-145) Makandar Justicia procumbens L. (JBA-371) Justicia simplex D. Don Thunb (JBA-608) Bansa Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. (JBVA-639) Chhota aandhi Neuracanthus sphaerostachys (Nees) Dalz. (JBA-620) Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt (JBA-25) Atrilal Ruellia tuberosa L. (JBA-638) Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees (JBA-56) Rungia repens (L.) Nees (JBA-662) Kharmor VERBENACEAE Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (JBA - 679) Vilayati mehndi Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Kuntze (JBA-24) Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon (JBA-188) Bharangi Clerodendrum splendens G. Don ex James (JBA - 720) Climber Duranta repens L. (JBA - 609) Gmelina arborea Roxb. (JBA-102) Siwan Tree Gmelina philippensis Cham. (JBA - 619) Tree Lantana camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke (JBA-105) Zai Lantana indica Roxb. (JBA-663) Raimuniya Phyla nodiflora (L.) E. (JBA-678) Tectona grandis L. f. (JBA-109) Sagda Tree Verbena bipinnatifida Schauer (JBA - 664) Vitex leucoxylon L. f. (JBA-721) Safed nirgundi Vitex negundo L. (JBA-421) Nirgundi Vitex trifolia L. (JBA - 637) LAMIACEAE Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze. (JBA-618) Karahi Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (JBA-104) Vilayati tulsi Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze (JBA-665) Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. (JBA-677) Gathora Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link (JBA-106) Bhodaki Leucas cephalotes (Koeing ex Roth) Spreng. (JBA-203) Dhurpi sag Ocimum basilicum L. (JBA-165) Jangali Tulsi Ocimum canum Sims (JBA-173) Ban tulsa Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (JBA-149) Tulsi Salvia aegyptiaca L. (JBA - 617) NYCTAGINACEAE Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (JBA - 623) Boganbel Liana Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (JBA - 636) Boganbel Liana Boerhavia diffusa L. (JBA-40) Punarnava Mirabilis jalapa L. (JBA - 59) Gulbas 21

16 AMARANTHACEAE Achyranthes aspera Linn. (JBA-43) Apamarg Achyranthes aspera var. porphyristachya (Wallich ex Moq.) Hook. f. (JBA-676) Chirchita Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. (JBA-305) Gorakhganja Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume. (JBA-624) Alternathera pungens Kunth (JBA-635) Gurrosag Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. (JBA-42) Gurroo Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. (JBA-310) Jangali chaulai Amaranthus spinosus L. (JBA-319) Kantachaulai Amaranthus viridis L. (JBA-315) Chaulai Celosia argentea L. (JBA-207) Jangalimurga Digera muricata (L.) Mart. (JBA-14) Lesua Gomphrena celosioides Mart. (JBA-634) Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (JBA-87) Kala liptiya CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium album L. (JBA-340) Bathua Chenopodium murale L. (JBA-388) Bathua BASELLACEAE Basella alba L. (JBA - 625) Poibhaji Climber POLYGONACEAE Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arnott (JBA - 610) Climber Polygonum glabrum Willd. (JBA-163) Nandi bhaji Rumex dentatus L. subsp. Klotzschianus (Meisn.) Rchb. f.(jba-616) Amabavah ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia indica L. (JBA-626) Isharmul Climber PIPERACEAE Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth (JBA-633) LAURACEAE Cassytha filiformis L. (JBA-675) Amarbel Climber LORANTHACEAE Dendrophthoe falcta (L. f.) Etting. (JBA-666) Banda Parasite Loranthus philippensis Cham. & Schlechtend. (JBA-611) Parasite Viscum articulatum Burm. f. (JBA-674) Madang Parasite SANTALACEAE Santalum album L. (JBA - 154) Chandan Tree EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha ciliata Forssk. (JBA-615) Acalypha indica L. (JBA-01) Kuppi Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. (JBA - 621) Bridelia retusa (L.) spreng. (JBA-93) Agon Tree Codiaenum variegatum (L.) Blume (JBA - 667) Croton bonpalndianus Baill. (JBA-632) Drypetes roxburghii (Wallich) Hurusawa (JBA - 614) Kanghi Tree Euphorbia coccinia Roth (JBA-673) Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. (JBA-668) Chagalputputi Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.- Ham. (JBA - 613) Kharkhundiya Euphorbia heterophylla L. (JBA - 622) Dudhi Euphorbia heyneana Spreng (JBA - 672) Choti Dudhaly Euphorbia hirta L. (JBA - 90) Kali dudhi Euphorbia milli Desmoul. (JBA - 669) Dudhi Euphorbia nerifolia L. (JBA - 136) Thuvar Euphorbia nivulia Buch. Ham. (JBA - 671) Hathalothuvar Euphorbia thymifolia L. (JBA-612) Dudhalo Euphorbia tirucalli L. (JBA - 627) Thor Jatropha curcas L. (JBA - 33) Ratanjyot Jatropha gossypifolia L. (JBA - 52) Lal ratanjot 22

17 Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (JBA - 631) Jatropha nana Dalz. (JBA - 670) Ratan Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. (JBA - 630) Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. (JBA - 356) Bhuin Aanwala Phyllanthus emblica L. (JBA - 29) Amla Tree Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. (JBA - 97) Kanocha Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. (JBA - 628) Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forster (JBA - 497) Ricinus communis L. (JBA - 57) Arandi Tree Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell. Arg. (JBA - 514) Hartho Synadenium grantii Hook. f. (JBA - 506) URTICACEAE Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew. (JBA - 506) Lal bichua ULMACEAE Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (JBA 09) Ovala Tree Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (JBA - 498) Dandanni MORACEAE Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (JBA - 84) Kathal Tree Ficus benghalensis L.(JBA - 65) Bargad Tree Ficus benjamina L. var. nuda (Miq.) Barrett (JBA - 505) Liana Ficus hispida L. f. (JBA - 513) Bhuin gular Tree Ficus palmata Forsk. (JBA - 507) Khemri Tree Ficus racemosa L. (JBA - 19) Umari Tree Ficus religiosa L. (JBA - 36) Peepal Tree Ficus virens Dryander (JBA - 51) Pakar Tree CASURINACEAE Casurina equisetifolia L. (JBA - 508) MONOCOTYLEDON HYDROCHARITACEAE Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (JBA - 512) ORCHIDACEAE Eulophia herbacea Lindl. (JBA - 178) Habenaria commelinifolia (Roxb.) Wallich ex Lindl. (JBA - 504) Habenaria digitata Lindl. (JBA - 509) Habenaria frucifera Lindl. (JBA - 511) Habenaria longicorniculata Graham (JBA - 499) Habenaria marginata Colebr. (JBA - 503) Vanpyaz Malaxis acuminata D. Don (JBA - 500) Nervilia aragoana Gaud. (JBA - 200) Dudh goliya Peristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lindl. (JBA - 502) Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don (JBA - 550) Banda ZINGIBERACEAE Curcuma amada Roxb. (JBA - 501) Ambahaldi Curcuma longa L. (JBA - 510) Haldi Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham (JBA - 405) Jangali Haldi Zingiber officinale Roscoe (JBA - 569) Adrak COSTACEAE Costus speciosus (J. Koeing) Sm. (JBA - 189) Jangali Aadu MUSACEAE Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman (JBA - 220) Choti Keli Musa paradisiaca L. (JBA - 233) Kela Musa rosacea Jacq. (JBA - 254) Jangali kela CANNACEAE Canna flaccida Salisb. (JBA - 226) Keli Canna indica L. (JBA - 221) Lal keli 23

18 AMARYLLIDACEAE Crinum asiaticum L. (JBA - 227) Kanwal Zephyranthes flava G. Nicols. (JBA - 232) AGAVACEAE Agave americana L. (JBA - 222) Hathichikar Agave angustifolia Haw. (JBA - 231) Guial Agave cantula Roxb.(JBA - 228) Choti guial Cordyline terminalis Kunth. (JBA- 230) Tree Dracaena elliptica Thunb. (JBA - 229) Polyanthes tuberosa L.(JBA - 726) Gandha Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druc(JBA - 224) HYPOXIDACEAE Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (JBA - 133) Kali-musali Hypoxis aurea Lour. (JBA - 225) Bhuin khajur DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea bulbifera L. (JBA - 239) Kanda Climber Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (JBA - 357) Baichandi Climber Dioscorea oppositifolia L.(JBA - 101) Bada Kanda Climber Dioscorea pentaphylla L. (JBA - 393) Dukkar kanda Climber LILIACEAE Allium cepa L. (JBA - 556) Piyaz Allium sativum L. (JBA - 223) Lahsun Aloe vera (Linn.) Burm. f. (JBA - 98) Gwarpatha Asparagus racemosus Willd. (JBA - 391) Sesliya Ghas Climber Chlorophytm tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker (JBA - 524) Safedmusli Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & Fernandis (JBA - 99) Dhawali musli Gloriosa superba L. (JBA - 176) Ranchenadi Climber Iphigenia indica (L.) A. Gray (JBA - 214) Jangali lahan Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth (JBA - 196) Jangali pyaz PONTEDERIACEAE Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (JBA - 538) Jalkumbhi COMMELINACEAE Commelina benghalensis L. (JBA - 410) Kenna Commelina erecta L. (JBA - 49) Kenna Cyanotis arcotensis Rolla Rao (JBA - 122) Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan (JBA - 530) Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) W.T. Stearn (JBA - 537) ARECACEAE Borassus flabellifer L. (JBA - 555) Tad Tree Cocos nucifera L. (JBA - 525) Nariyal Tree Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. (JBA - 111) Shindi Tree Roystonea regia (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) O.F. Cook (JBA - 536) Bilayati tad Tree PANDANACEAE Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. (JBA - 529) TYPHACEAE Typha angustifolia L.(JBA - 115) Ghav bajara ARACEAE Amorphophallus paeoniifoilus (Dennst.) Nicolson (JBA - 131) Suran Kand Amorphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb). Kunth (JBA - 535) Jangali Suran Arisaema tortuosum (Wallich) Schott (JBA 418) Jangali Tad Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (JBA - 389) Arvi Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott (JBA - 531) Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Schott (JBA - 249) Pebada Theriophonum minutum (Willd.) Baill. (JBA - 526) Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott (JBA - 534) 24

19 ERIOCAULACEAE Eriocaulon quinquqngulare L. (JBA - 527) CYPERACEAE Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke (JBA - 533) Carex cruciata Wahlenb. (JBA - 528) Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. (JBA - 532) Cyperus cephalotes Vahl (JBA - 386) Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth (JBA - 382) Cyperus flavidus Retz. (JBA - 92) Cyperus platystylis R. Br. (JBA - 365) Cyperus rotundus L. (JBA - 279) Nagarmotha Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl (JBA - 372) Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl (JBA - 381) Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) Kern (JBA - 373) Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino (JBA - 366) Scirpus articulatus L. (JBA - 371) POACEAE Allopteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf (JBA - 380) Apluda mutica L. (JBA - 238) Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. (JBA - 367) Arundinella ciliata (Roxb.) Nees ex Miq. (JBA - 374) Avena sativa L. (JBA - 379) Oat Bambusa arundinaceae (Retz.) Willd. (JBA - 172) Vahan Tree Bothriochloa glabra (Roxb.) A. Camus (JBA - 368) Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. (JBA - 375) Cenchrus ciliaris L. (JBA 62) Chloris barbata Sw. (JBA - 378) Chloris virgata Sw. (JBA - 370) Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng) Chiov. (JBA - 376) Coix lacryma-jobi L. (JBA - 369) Mani Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. ( JBA - 377) Nibu ghas Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (JBA - 75) Dub Dactyloctenium aristatum Link (JBA - 392) Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees (JBA - 408) Bans Tree Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf (JBA - 347) Dabha Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf (JBA - 316) Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Keeler (JBA - 349) Eichinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA - 267) Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (JBA - 318) Mandua Eragrostiella brachyphylla (Stapf.) Bor (JBA - 348) Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. (JBA - 317) Eragrostis ciliata (Roxb.) Nees (JBA-660) Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. (JBA - 485) Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henr. (JBA - 562) Hemathria compressa (L. f.) R. Br. (JBA - 641) Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. (JBA - 121) Sukala ghas Hordeum vulgare L. (JBA - 563) Jau Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. major (Nees) Hubb. ex Hubb. & Vaughan (JBA - 394) Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. (JBA - 629) Iseilema laxum Hack. in A. DC. (JBA - 561) Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nee (JBA - 486) Melanocenchris jacuemontii Jaub. & Spach (JBA - 690) Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze (JBA - 699) Oplismensus burmannii (Retz.) P. Beauv. (JBA - 691) Oryza sativa L. (JBA - 698) Chawal Panicum notatum Retz. (JBA - 692) Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. (JBA - 697) 25

20 Paspalidium punctatum (Burm. f.) A. Camus (JBA - 30) Torki Paspalum plicatulum Michx. (JBA - 695) Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. (JBA - 693) Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze (JBA - 696) Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. (JBA - 202) Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (JBA-732) Rottboelia exaltata L. f. (JBA - 700) Saccharum officinarum L.(JBA - 705) Ganna Saccharum spontaneum L. (JBA - 78) Kans Sacciolepsis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf (JBA - 701) Schizostachyum pergracile (Munro) R. Majumdar (JBA - 704) Sehima nervosum (Rottl.) Stapf (JBA - 702) Sehima sulcatum (Hack.) A. Campus (JBA - 161) Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA - 703) Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. (JBA - 79) Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA - 88) Liptiya Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (JBA - 710) Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden (JBA - 707) Sporobolus diander (Retz.) P. Beauv. (JBA - 709) Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. (JBA - 706) Tetrapogon tenellus (Roxb) Chiov. (JBA - 708) Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze (JBA - 541) Themeda triandra Forssk. (JBA - 711) Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze (JBA - 715) Tragus roxburghii Panigrahi (JBA - 713) Tripogon jacqemontii Stapf (JBA - 712) Triticum aestivum L.(JBA - 714) Gehu Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. (JBA - 716) Vetiveria lawsonii (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann (JBA - 718) Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (JBA - 153) Khas Zea mays L. (JBA-717) Makki Table 2: Ratio among various groups / taxa Group/ Taxa Ratio Monocot to Dicot Families 1: 4.8 Genera 1: 3.6 Species 1: 3.6 Families to Genera Dicot 1: 3.8 Monocot 1: 5.0 Total 1: 4.0 Genera to Species Dicot 1: 1.5 Monocot 1: 1.4 Total 1: 1.4 Table 3: Comparative status of Dominant families in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district based on species [5, 39] Sr. No. *India **Madhya Pradesh Jhabua district 1 Poaceae (1291) Poaceae (242) Poaceae (71) 2 Orchidaceae (1229) Fabaceae (228) Fabaceae (64) 3 Fabaceae (973) Asteraceae (140) Asteraceae (38) 4 Asteraceae (800) Cyperaceae (102) Euphorbiaceae (31) 5 Rubiaceae (616) Acanthaceae (81) Acanthaceae (23) 6 Cyperaceae (545) Euphorbiaceae (73) Convolvulaceae (22) 7 Euphorbiaceae (527) Scrophulariaceae (63) Malvaceae (20) 8 Acanthaceae (500) Lamiaceae (61) Caesalpiniaceae (18) 9 Lamiaceae (435) Rutaceae (52) Cucurbitaceae (17) 10 Rosaceae (432) Malvaceae (48) Apocynaceae (16) 26

21 Chrysanthemum, Cissampelos, Costus, Diplocyclos, diversity of the sanctuary. The floristic composition has Wattakaka, Holarrhena, Hydrolea, Lagascea, Phyla, more impact on the distribution of wildlife of the forest Tridax, Waltheria and Woodfordia. localities. Floristic studies of different geographical There are some species which have not been reported regions are necessary for proper documentation, in the flora of Madhya Pradesh but occur in the area conservation plans and sustainable utilization of the plant under investigation. These are Neuracanthus resources. The present study provides baseline data on sphaerostachys and Habenaria longicorniculata. During floral diversity of Jhabua district. The degradation of study it was observed that a good number of species are habitat due to several natural or biotic stresses creates facing threat due to several manmade and natural factors. favourable grounds to some obnoxious invading species and limitation to primitive or original ones. In order to CONCLUSIONS sustain biodiversity and also to improve soil fertility, there is an urgent need to promote plantation of locally common Biodiversity of any region plays an important role in tree in the degraded forest lands. establishing social, cultural and economic environment of its inhabitants. Most of the customs, rituals, festivals and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS other activities of any place community revolve around its biodiversity. Phytodiversity of Jhabua district comprises The authors are thankful to Director, CSIR- National a large number of plant species, which have got a wide Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, for encouragement relationship with tribes and other local people. The study and providing facilities to carry out the work. Thanks are on floristic diversity of Jhabua district provides the also due to Divisional Forest Officer, Jhabua (M.P.) for complete status of species diversity of angiosperms of the extending facilities during the field work. The cooperation area, which is not known yet and thus fulfils the point of tribal s of Jhabua district is deeply acknowledged for (Clause 36) given in chapter IX of the Biological Diversity this work. Bill 2000 as well as Article 7 of Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). REFERENCES Tribals of this region are also expert in making baskets, mats, ropes, cordages and several other 1. McNeely, J.A., K.R. Miller, W.V. Reid, household commodities from plant parts. This knowledge R.A. Mittermeier and T.B. Werner, Conserving could be utilized in an organized way and kinds of cottage The World s Biological Diversity. IUCN Gland industries can be established in tribal areas [41]. Switzerland. pp193. Another important strategy which can protect the 2. Myers, N., Threatened Biotas: Hot Spot in forest could be by rehabilitation of the biodiversity of the tropical forests. The Environment., 8(3): area. The species on which the tribals are mostly 3. Venkataraman, K., Biodiversity legislations in dependent such as, wild edible and timber trees, firewood likeminded mega diversity countries. In: Perspectives species etc. should be planted in large scale or cultivated. in Biodiversity. DD. Verma, S Arora and R.K. Rai It would rejuvenate the eco-system with maximum (Eds.) Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of indigenous floral and faunal elements. It will also bring India, New Delhi, pp: together several associated and supporting species and 4. Chowdhery, H.J. and S.K. Murti, thus automatically sustain the traditional lifestyle of the Plant Diversity and Conservation in India - An tribals. Overview. Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Several myths and traditions concerned with forests Dehradun. are an integrated part of tribal s life and by way of faith 5. Karthikeyan, S.A., Stastical Analysis of and beliefs the forests are preserved by them. Tribals are flowering plants in India. In: Flora of India. totally unaware about scientific and modern methods but Introductory volume (Part II). Singh et al. (Eds.), by following such tradition the conservation pp: automatically takes place. Therefore, the message of 6. Sanjappa, M., Plant diversity in India Status, conservation is more meaningful to them through myth, conservation and challenges (P. Maheshwari Medal faith and traditions rather through scientific approach. Award Lecture). Proceedings of the XXVIII Floristic diversity of the study area directly helps the Conference of Indian Botanical Society, Oct , management to protect and conserve the biological BSI, Dehradun, pp: