The New Wines of Chile

Transcription

1 The New Wines of Chile Institute of Masters of Wine North America Program January 2017 Jennifer Simonetti-Bryan MW Jane Masters MW Dr. Patrick Farrell MW

2 Chile 4,300 kms long (2,700 miles) 150 kms wide (93 miles) 4 Extremes around A garden of Eden in the centre

3 Andes mountains created by the Pacific and Nazca tectonic plates

4 Latitude Comparison

5 4 Extreme Natural Barriers

6 Driest Desert in the World

7 Andes Mountains

8 Pacific Ocean

9 Trends 1980s were about technological renovation 1990s were about the export boom 2000s were about new terroir developments New generation of talented viticulturalists and winemakers New terroir and generation focusing on lifting the image of Chilean wines. Source: Research Network (SOC30), Conicyt Research Council, Chile

10 Map of Chile Wine Regions

11 Topographical Map Chile

12 Geographical Segmentation Costa Entre Cordilleras Andes Wine Region (e.g. - Central Valley Region) Sub-Region (e.g. Rapel Valley) Zone (e.g. Cachapoal Valley) Area (e.g. Peumo Valley which is a Entre Cordilleras Area)

13 Atacama Region

14 Coquimbo Region

15 Acongagua Region

16 Central Valley Region

17 South Region

18 Austral Region

19 Flight One 1. Vina Underraga Terroir Hunter Leyda Sauvignon Blanc $20 2. Garcésj Silva, Amayna Sauvignon Blanc 2015 $21 Leyda 3. Casa Silva Old Vines Sauvignon Gris, Colchagua- $19

20 Location of Flight 1 Wines

21 San Antonio Valley vs Casablanca Valley Sub-Regions of Aconcagua Region

22 Practical- Origin as closely as possible Atacama: Light body, high acidity, restrained aromatics and salinity on palate suggests Atacama over San Antonio or Casablanca. San Antonio: more calcarious soil and closer to ocean than Casablanca- Light body, minerality, high aromatics point to San Antonio Lo Abarca: Lighter in body than Leyda Leyda: More weight and ripeness and fragrant Casablanca: Clay and sandy soils further from Ocean yet a little higher in elevation ( feet) so still aromatic- weightier than San Antonio

23 Flight Two 1. Tabalí Talinay Limari Chardonnay $25 2. Marqués de Casa Concha Limari Chardonnay $20 3. Mayu Pedro Ximemenez Elqui $14

24 Location of Flight 2 Wines

25 Fray Jorge National Park

26 Limarí Sub-Region

27 Limarí Sub-Region

28 Elqui Valley Sub-Region

29 Elqui Trellising Albarello Little Tree Method Parral Tendone Method/ Pergola VSP Vertical Shoot Positioning

30 Origin as Closely as Possible- CH Ripe focused fruit points to New World over Old World Moderate structure (medium + acidity, 13.5% abv) with no lime character suggests Chile and California over Australia or New Zealand. Lacks savory nutty notes of South Africa. Strong varietal character (modest aromatics, yellow apple fruit, presence of oak-vanilla/spice, etc.) with finesse and fairly long length point to high quality classic/ premium region such as Limarí or Casablanca This points away from traditional bulk regions such as Maule in the Central Valley. Relative lightness in body for the variety, medium + acidity, moderate alcohol suggests Coastal Regions in Chile. Strong mineral notes and linear structure suggest Coastal Limarí over Casablanca or richness of weight of warmer areas.

31 Flight Three 1. Matetic Corralillo San Antonio Pinot Noir $25 2. Leyda Single Vineyard Las Brisas Pinot Noir$20 3. De Martino Viejas Tinajas Itata Cinsault- $31

32 Location of Flight 3 Wines

33 Rosario Valley vs Leyda Valley Aconcagua Region

34 Itata Valley Sub-Region of South Region

35 Capeza - Low Goblet Trained Vines

36 Wine 9 De Martino Viejas Tinajas Itata Cinsault 100% Cinsault, low goblet trained (cabeza), dry farmed ungrafted Amphora Wine Minimal intervention Once the grapes were de-stemmed, they were fermented in the amphorae for 15 days, undergoing carbonic maceration. The wine spent the entire winter in the amphorae and then in spring, once malolactic fermentation enzymes or yeasts) were added, except for a small quantity of sulfur dioxide to preserve the wine during transport.

37 Origin as Closely as Possible- PN Purity of ripe forward fruit with savory notes, yet no ash/smokiness suggest New World with old world flare suggests Chile over New Zealand or South Africa. Strong varietal character (pale color, high aromatics, strawberry fruit, high acidity, low fine tannin, etc.) with finesse and long length point to high quality classic/ premium regions. Relative lightness in body, high acidity, moderate alcohol suggests Coastal such as San Antonio, Casablanca over BíoBío. Strong mineral/saline like notes with linear structure suggests more coastal regions of Leyda over Rosario Valley or Casablanca.

38 Flight Four 1. Morandé Vigno Maule Carignan - $26 2. Valdivieso Eclast Maule Carignan - $31 3. J Bouchon Canto Sur Maule 2016 (Carmenère/Carignan/Pais Blend) - $14 4. Maquis Colchagua Carmenère - $20 5. Terrunyo Peumo Carmenère- $40

39 Grapes in Flight 4 Carignan Carignan- also called Mazuelo or Cariñena Popularity of Carignan was largely tied to its ability to produce very large yields in the range of 200 hl/ha (11 tons/acre). The bunches are really tight mechanical harvesting is really hard. Extreme high yields, high acid, high color, tough tannins, a bit coarser. Planted in 1940s to improve acidity of Chilean reds. Great affinity for oak Carménère Bordeaux grape- presumed extinct after phyloxera 1860s Ampelographer 1994 Merlot vs Carménère distinguished Similar situation in Italy in mid 1990s by Ca del Bosco where it was mistaken for Cabernet Franc 1997 DNA Analysis proved it was true to be Carménère Carménère capsicum (jalepeño)/ tomato or tomato leaf when just ripe, darker when riper blackberry, blueberry tones, darker, chocolate, coffee and soy sauce

40 Location of Flight 4 Wines

41 Maule Sub-Region of Central Valley

42 Colchagua Zone of Rapel Valley Sub-Region of Central Valley Region

43 Cachapoal Sub-Region of Rapel Valley Misión

44

45 Pumanque Colchagua, Rapel

46 Origin as closely as possible Carignan Carménère Ripe forward fruit, high alcohol with savory Old World like notes suggests Chile over California, Languedoc or Sardinia. Depth of concentration points to old vines suggests Maule Valley. Round ripe and powerful structure with high alcohol (14.5%+) suggest high quality Entre Cordilleras area over Coastal or Andes Regions. Ripe forward fruit, high alcohol with savory Old World like notes suggests Chile over France. Depth and concentration with long length suggests high quality region, Cochapoal and Colchagua over Maule. Broad structure with high alcohol (14.5+%) to Entre Cordilleras regions in Cochapoal such as Peumo over Andes region or Coastal regions in Colchagua.

47 Flight Five 1. Kingston Lucero Casablana Syrah $20 2. Ventisquero Pangea Colchagua Syrah 2011$42 3. Santa Rita Casa Real Maipo Valley Cabernet Sauvignon - $77 4. Don Melchor Puente Alto Maipo Cabernet Sauvignon $95 5. VIK Cachapoal 2011 Bdx Blend - $149

48 Location of Flight 5 Wines

49 Casablanca Sub-Region Aconcagua Region

50 Casablanca

51 Colchagua Zone of Rapel Valley Sub-Region of Central Valley Region

52 Origin as Closely as Possible- Syrah Ripe focused forward fruit points to New World over Old World. Strong savory and spice notes, yet no ash/smokiness or eucalyptus suggest Chile over California, Australia or South Africa. Strong varietal character (deep color, raspberry fruit with black pepper notes, moderate tannin, moderate acid, etc.) with finesse and long length point to high quality classic/ premium regions. Depth, richness and moderately high alcohol point to premium Entre Cordilleras sites in Colchagua over Coastal Areas in Colchagua or lighter/crisper/linear such as Casablanca. Strong ripe fruit points to Entre Cordilleras site over Andes areas. Powerful tannins suggest and graphite notes point hillside vineyards over valley floor such as Apalta Vineyard.

53 Maipo

54 Alto Maipo Misión

55 Origin as Closely as Possible- Cab Ripe focused forward fruit points to New World over Old World. Strong herbal, savory and spice notes, yet no ash/smokiness or eucalyptus suggest Chile over California, Australia or South Africa. Strong varietal character (deep color, black currant fruit with savory herbal notes, high tannin, moderate acid, etc.) with finesse and long length point to excellent quality classic regions for Cabernet Sauvignon dominated wine suggesting Maipo or Aconcagua. High tannin, full body and violet notes suggest high altitude vineyards and well draining soils such as those in Alto Maipo over Aconcagua.

56 Conclusions New generations of winemakers Incredible focus on terroir Costa Entre Cordilleras Andes Winemaking focusing on terroir New Grapes New Regions Premiumization with authentication

57 Viva Chile!

58 Extra Material Important material for Theory Papers

59 Production by Region

60 Production by Grape Variety

61 Red wine regions - COMPARISONS Region Heat Diurnal Summation Range ( C) ( C Days) Average Average Minimum ( C) Maximum ( C) Bordeaux (France) Coonawarra (Australia) Pumanque (Colchagua, Chile) Alto Jahuel (Maipo, Chile) Apalta (Colchagua, Chile) Misión

62 Cooler areas white wine regions (and Pinot Noir) Region Limarí Maipo Alto Casablanca Pumanque Leyda San Antonio Dijon - Burgundy Distance to coast kms Heat summation ( C days) Diurnal range ( C) Misión

63 Production 130K ha planted area Chile has an estimated 8,000 wine grape producers Roughly 80% of all wine in Chile is produced by 4 companies 1. Concha y Toro 2. San Pedro 3. Santa Rita 4. Santa Carolina Planted area has doubled over last 10 years Replanting old vineyards to higher demand varieties Planting in new areas While no phylloxera has been reported, many producers have grafted onto American rootstock for insurance and for other reasons (drought, salinity, etc.) Exports quadrupled due to high yields and improvements in the industry in last 10 years 85% of total wine production is DO status Source: Global Agricultural Information Network 3/2015

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65 Grapes 70% of production is red Percent of total wine production Cabernet Sauvignon 36.2% Sauvignon Blanc 14.3% Merlot 12% Chardonnay, Carmenère, and Syrah represent less than 10% each. Source: Global Agricultural Information Network 3/2015

66 Domestic Consumption Domestic wine consumption Chile stagnant Average per capita = 17 liters (small growth in last 20 years from 13 liters). Perspective: France = 55 liters, Argentina = 40 liters Beer consumption increased 65% in last 10 years exceeding 40 liters per capita Source: Global Agricultural Information Network 3/2015

67 Imports Roughly 80% of Total Wine Production is Exported (2014), 20% stays in the country. 60% of total wine imported into Chile is Sparkling (with over 50% of it coming from Argentina). Source: Global Agricultural Information Network 3/2015 Wineinstitute.org

68 ANALYSIS REPORT Physical and Chemical Analysis Limits levels of physical / chemical component in wine to be qualified as Apt to human consumption / Apt for import Source: Joaquín D. Almarza, Agricultural Engineer Oenologist, Ministry of Agriculture, 2011 Density Alcoholic Strenght Total Dry Extract Reduced Dry Extract Reducing Sugars (expressed as dextrose) Sucrose Ash Alcalinity of the Ash (expressed as K2CO3) Potassium (expressed as C4H5O6K) Total Acidity (expressed as H2SO4) Volatile Acidity (expressed as C4H6O6) Fixed Acidity (expressed as H2SO4) Total Acidity (expressed as C4H6O6) ph Tartaric Acidity (expressed as C4H5O6K) Lactic Acid Citric Acid Sulphates (expressed as K2SO4) Chlorides (expressed as NaCl) Free Sulphur Dioxide Total Sulphur Dioxide Foreign Colouring Matter Hybrids Potassium Ferrocyanide Alcohol-Extract Ratio Alcohol-Acid Sum Sorbic Acid Benzoate Sodium Total Alcohol Content (% vol at 20ºC) Methanol Copper Arsenic Cadmium Lead Fluor Ochratoxin A Ascorbic Acid 11.5 % Vol. g / lt. g / lt. g / lt. Negative g / lt. g / lt. g / lt. g / lt. 1.5 g / lt. g / lt. g / lt. g / lt. g / lt. 1.0 g / lt. 2.0 g / lt. 1.0 g / lt g / lt (0.4 Swett wine) g / lt. Negative Negative Negative 200 over 13.5 mg / l. Negative 400 Red wine/ 250 White wine mg / l. mg / l. mg / l. mg / l. mg / l. mg / l. µg / l. mg / l.

69 Taxes Importing into Chile Tariff = 19% VAT Liquor Tax = 20.5% (this increased from 15% in 2014) Current tariff rate for all US wine imports into Chile is 0% Chile has already a free access in Canada, Mexico and THE EU Exports from Chile Exports to China have a 0% tariff since 2015 Exports to Japan have 12 year phase out period from the todays 15% duty Chilean exports have 0% tariff since 2011 with Mercosur Member countries Full Members Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela (until 2016) Associate Countries: Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Columbia, Ecuador and Suriname Observer countries are New Zealand and Mexico

70 Exports quadrupled due to high yields and improvements in the industry in last 10 years Source: Global Agricultural Information Network 3/2015

71 Promotions Government provides no direct subsidies to support wine production or subsidize exports Wines of Chile Organization co-funded by wine producers associations Vinos de Chile and Chilevid. BUT the gov t do contribute 15% of the total among through its export promotion agency called ProChile. Wines of Chile has targeted promotional activities in Canada, England, Germany and the US. ProChile contributes to the Chile Wine Show & Tasting- 1x a year tasting where ProChile contributes with logistics and market infomration and the wineries pay the cost. Markets for this campaign are Russia, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Czech Republic, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Taiwan and Hong Kong.

72 2025 Marketing Strategy Wines of Chile has defined four strategic pillars of actions over the next few years: 1. Promote a portfolio of premium quality wines to millenials, and key opinion leaders and influencers in the key markets 2. Monitor characteristics and behavior of different sectors of consumers in each priority market. 3. Integrate and communicate different actors in the sector, with a unity between actions of promotion and education in national wine. 4. Develop competitive edge through sustainability, technology transference and the development of skills.