Exploring Kings Mountain State Park. An Example of an 1850s Yeoman Farm in UpCountry South Carolina. Name

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1 Exploring Kings Mountain State Park An Example of an 1850s Yeoman Farm in UpCountry South Carolina Name

2 Pre-Visit Assignment (8 th grade) After reading Chapter 12 and pages in your book, think of at least 10 questions you could ask the staff at the park relating to life as recreated on the Living History Farm or the construction of the park by the CCC

3 Kings Mountain Living History Farm Background Information Kings Mountain Living History Farm is a reproduction of a yeoman farmer s farm from the 1850s. It is typical of the type of farm that would have been found in the Upcountry of South Carolina during this period. The house was originally located in the McConnells/Bullock Creek area. It was built about 1750 and is the only building from the period. It was moved to the Kings Mountain park in the early 1970s. The farm is made up of the house, outbuildings (privy, smokehouse, chicken coop, weave house, corn crib, carpenter s shop, gin house, and barn. The farm produces crops similar to those grown during the period-shortstaple cotton, vegetables, sorghum, herbs, and fruit. A yeoman farm would have produced crops for use by the farmer with a small amount to sell. They did not produce large amounts of cash crops like a plantation. Animals on the farm would have included chickens, sheep, cows, horses, donkeys, mules, goats, dogs, and cats. The farmer would have to have a working knowledge of many crafts including blacksmithing, weaving, carpentry, and would have to know how to make and repair farm tools. The farmer s family would likely have been large in order to have enough people to work on the farm. As they grew older, they would start farms of their own or would migrate farther west. Created for the TAH CAPSULE PROJECT by Cynthia A. Jonas York Junior High School October, 2008

Kings Mountain State Park and the CCC Kings Mountain State Park was developed during the 1930s as a project of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).

4 Kings Mountain State Park and the CCC Kings Mountain State Park was developed during the 1930s as a project of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was part of the New Deal Recovery program started by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to help provide jobs during the Great Depression. The CCC created many of the state parks in South Carolina. The men who worked in the CCC were mostly unemployed young men and veterans of World War I. The men were given housing, meals, and $30 a month. They also were offered classes in typing, agriculture, forestry, and other skills. The CCC was in operation until World War II. About 50,000 men worked in the South Carolina CCC camps. According to the state archives, the men built over 800 bridges, 129 lookout towers, and 16 state parks. They also planted over 56 million trees and did other conservation projects. Today, the rock walls, trading post, bath house, and other structures are visible at Kings Mountain.

5 Vocabulary You may hear these words as you visit Kings Mountain State Park. BACKCOUNTY- also called the frontier; the less populated area of South Carolina BED WRENCH-the tool used to tighten the bed ropes- Sleep tight! BLACKSMITH- the man who created tools and utensils from iron CASH CROP- a crop grown to sell to others CHAMBER POT- a container used during the night when they could not go to the outhouse CHICKEN COOP-shed and area for keeping chickens COTTON GIN-machine invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney to remove seeds from cotton; formerly a very labor-intensive process DUTCH OVEN-a large pot with a tight lid, usually made of iron; used to make stews or cornbread FLINT AND STEEL-tools for starting fires FODDER-food for the animals GOURD-a plant whose fruit is dried to be used for storage or dipping water GREAT WAGON ROAD- a road that began in Philadelphia and ran through the Piedmont region; many settlers came this way KINDLING-small pieces of wood to help start a fire LOOM-device for weaving material MATTRESS TICK-similar to a large pillowcase; filled with straw or feathers to sleep on MULE- working animal; the offspring of a horse and a donkey MOLASSES-syrup made by processing sorghum cane PLANTATION- a large farm worked by slaves; main crops were cash crops PLANTER-owner of a plantation; usually the wealthiest and most powerful people in the area. QUILT-a covering made of three layers of fabric that are sewn together SCOTS-IRISH-a group of people who migrated from Northern Ireland to Pennsylvania and then to the Piedmont of Carolina. Many of them were Presbyterians. SHORT-STAPLE COTTON- type of cotton with shorter fibers than long-staple cotton; became the major crop of the South after the invention of the cotton gin. SLAVE- a person who is owned by another; many came from Africa; worked on plantations SMOKEHOUSE-shed for curing or preserving meat SUBSISTENCE CROP-a crop grown for use by the farmer TRAVELING MERCHANT- someone who traveled from place to place to sell goods people could not produce themselves YEOMAN FARMER-a farmer who grew crops and raised animals to feed his family

6 Construction Features of Up Country Buildings As you listen on your tour today, listen and write about the features of the buildings that you see. 1. chinking 2. logs 3. foundation 4. types of windows 5. loft 6. chimney 7. fireplace

7 HOW DID THEY DRESS AND WHAT DID THEY EAT? WHAT WOULD THE TYPICAL CLOTHES BE LIKE FOR: CHILDREN WOMEN MEN MEALS: BREAKFAST_ LUNCH SUPPER

8 Chores-Then and Now During your tour of the farm, list at least five chores that the children had to do or help do Compare them with the chores that you have to do daily. Do you think anything you do is as hard as what they did? Write a paragraph comparing the chores of then and now.

9 Farming Math The weight of a bale of cotton was approximately 450 pounds. Complete the following: 1. 4 bales of cotton would weigh pounds. 2. How many bales of cotton could you make from 3600 pounds of cotton? 3. If one acre of land produces 200 pounds of cotton, how many acres would it take to produce a bale? 4. If a wagon will hold 1800 pounds, how many bales of cotton could it take to market? 5. If cotton was selling for 5 cents a pound, what would the selling price of a bale be? 6. If cotton sold for 5 cents a pound one year and the next year, it sold for 9 cents, how much more would a bale sell for the second year?

11 Kings Mountain Across 1. small farmer-not a planter 7. used by a blacksmith 8. animal used to plow 9. area away from the settled coast 10. main cash crop 11. machine invented to remove seeds from cotton 12. plants grown for medicines and flavoring 13. inventor of cotton gin Down 2. syrup made from sorghum cane 3. cover made of three layers 4. people responsible for education 5. way of preserving meats 6. producing the necessities of life

12 Match the Tools Cooking Weaving Carpenter Farming Making butter Molasses making Spinning fibers to yarn Blacksmith

13 WHAT ANIMAL AM I? I am the child of a horse and a donkey who works to plow the fields. I am a. I am a fowl who provides important products for the farmer. The eggs I lay are used in many types of food, and I can be eaten. I am a. I am the animal who transports the people. Sometimes they ride on me and sometimes I pull a wagon. I am a. I am an animal who has a very thick wool coat. People use my wool to make cloth. I am a. I am an animal who was put in the corn crib to keep the rats from eating the corn. I am a. I am an animal who supplied milk and meat for the family I am a. I am an animal who was known for being smelly, but I was an important source of meat for people. I am a. I am a pet of the family who also provided protection when I warned them of danger. I am a.

14 ANVIL BLACKSMITH CHICKEN COTTONGIN FRONTIER GRITS HERBS LOGCABIN LOOM MOLASSES MULE OUTHOUSE QUILT SPINNING VEGETABLE YEOMAN Kings Mountain Word Search V E A E G N I N N I P S E J N P S C N L D M M J V B S C E L C U S L V U A O R Z Y H K O G V O F E I I M O H O T C G O T T H T D S D L L M I I C F Y K F T Q T U S G H M H A K B X A R U U H O K A S C B J T C D T O O I W Y N K L I Y E O M A N N J L G Q C G N O H A Z X H N T P T F A B D I E M F H R H Z I M P L D T N R N O C N M H P E K B Z M X B U A G N R M K J R K P J T S M Y F F R C T P M Q H V V E G E T A B L E V B D S T I R G F T B Y T U H O D D

15 Solution + E A E G N I N N I P S + + N + S + N L + + M E L C U S + V U + O H K O + + O + E + I M O + + T C G H T + S + L L + I I C F T Q T + S + + M H A R U U + O + A S C B O O I + + N K L I Y E O M A N N + L + + C G N O H T + T + A + + I E M I + + L R N E + B B R S V E G E T A B L E S T I R G (Over,Down,Direction) ANVIL(3,1,SE) BLACKSMITH(3,12,NE) CHICKEN(9,7,NE) COTTONGIN(1,3,SE) FRONTIER(1,6,S) GRITS(5,15,W) HERBS(10,9,SW) LOGCABIN(15,2,SW) LOOM(8,5,N) MOLASSES(10,10,NW) MULE(7,4,NW) OUTHOUSE(2,8,N) QUILT(3,6,S) SPINNING(12,1,W) VEGETABLE(4,14,E) YEOMAN(10,8,E)

16 Post Visit Activities After your visit, you will be asked to write about things that you learned on your visit. Use these sheets to make notations of things that you hear as you listen to the presentations in order to refer to them tonight. Be sure to listen for information about the house, the outbuildings or dependencies, methods of cooking and preserving food, animals, types of crops, methods of farming, social life, furniture, various skills the farmer had to possess.

18 What Would You Share? Since your groups will be making pictures during your visit to Kings Mountain State Park, please list five pictures you would want to place on a webpage to teach others about the park and explain why you would include them

New England Colonies Economy

New England Colonies Economy Subsistence farming/living. New England farmers often depended on their children for labor. Everyone in the family worked spinning yarn, milking cows, fencing fields, and sowing