Chapter 20 Section 2 European Nations Settle North America. Chapter 20 Section 2 European Nations Settle North America 3/26/13

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1 Spain has success and others want in on everything Treaty of Tordessillas divided the newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain. Other counties ignored the treaty. Want to build own empire in America Trying to find different trade route to Asia other then Magellan s around the tip of Africa. None is found, but France, England & Dutch establish colonies in North America 1

2 NEW FRANCE GIOVANNI DA VERRAZZANO an Italian working for France explores for a trade route to Asia, but ends up in New York harbor. (1524) Jacques Cartier a Frenchman finds the St Lawrence Sea (1534) Follows it inland and found an island Mont Real (Montreal) 1608 Samuel de Champlain sails up the St Lawrence with 32 colonist. Founded Quebec, which becomes the base for Frances Colonial Empire in North America (New France) 2

3 NEW FRANCE 1673 Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette and trader Louis Joliet explore the Great Lakes & upper Mississippi River. 10 years later Sieur de La Salle explore the lower Mississippi Valley. Explores for 10 years and claims entire valley for France. Names it Louisiana in honor of the French king Louis XIV. By early 1700 s French have claimed much of what is now the Midwest of the U.S and eastern Canada. NEW FRANCE French Trading Empire was immense. But no Europeans lived there (65,000 in 1760) Fur traders are the people in the area. They are not interested in creating settlements, rather fur trade was their main economic incentive. Jesuit Priest are there to convert the Indians. French less interested in occupying and settling the areas then making money off the land 3

4 ENGLAND 1606 English decide to get in the act. London investors get charter from King James 3 ships and 100 settlers land set sail and arrive in 1607 off the coast of Virginia. Name it Jamestown after King James Jamestown Start is disastrous More interested in finding gold then planting crops. 7 out of 10 people die of hunger, disease or battles in the first few years. Eventually gain a foothold on new land Tobacco turns into a profitable crop. 4

5 ENGLAND 1620 the Pilgrims founded a second colony Plymouth Massachusetts. Colonist sought religious freedom 1630 Puritans establish a colony at Massachusetts Bay. (fleeing England and the Anglican Church) Want build a model community Set example for all Christians DUTCH (New Netherland) 5

6 DUTCH (New Netherland) (New York) 1609 Henry Hudson Englishman working for the Dutch is also trying to find the shortcut to Asia. Ends up farther in what is today called Hudson Bay, Hudson River and Hudson Straight. Dutch claim the region along with the waterways. Develop trading post on Hudson River near Albany NY. Profitable in trade it also did not attract settlers Open doors to anyone Germans, French, Scandinavians. 6

7 CARIBBEAN French Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique. English Barbados and Jamaica Dutch Antilles and Aruba from Spain. On these islands the Europeans built huge cotton and sugar plantations. Enslaved Africans eventually supply the labor. STRUGGLES France, England and the Netherlands battle each other for colonial supremacy English oust the Dutch King Charles II gives his brother the Duke of York permission to drive out the Dutch Surrender without a shot being fired. Renames New Netherland, New York By 1750 the English have claimed the Atlantic coast of North America 1.2 million settlers live in 13 colonies 7

8 STRUGGLES England and French Battle French and Indian War Part of a large conflict known as the Seven Years War. Battle is for supremacy in Europe, the West Indies and India. In North America the British defeat the French in 1763 France surrenders its North America holdings England has control of the eastern half of U.S. NATIVE AMERICANS French and Dutch developed a good relationship with the Native Americans Traders, not settlers. Native Americans did most of trapping and traded for hatchets, mirrors and beads. Mostly Peaceful 8

9 NATIVE AMERICANS English not the same cooperation Starts well, but they want LAND & Religious issues strain relations. Land- want Native Americans off for settlements and growing crops. Religion Natives were people without faith. Puritans view them as agents of the devil. Goes down hill from there. NATIVE AMERICANS English not the same cooperation 1622 Powhatan tribe attack colonial village in Jamestown and kill 350 settlers. Colonist struck back and massacred hundreds of Powhatan 1675 Metacom the Native American ruler led an attack on villages throughout Massachusetts Both sides massacred hundreds A year later the colonist defeated the natives. 9

10 NATIVE AMERICANS English not the same cooperation Number one killer is DISEASE 1616 one tribes population was 24,000, by 1631 it was down to 750. Effects of this is a shortage of labor Next up SLAVERY 10