Marine Technology Algae Cultivation, Processing Technology and Downstream Products

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1 Marine Technology Algae Cultivation, Processing Technology and Downstream Products By Suhaimi Md. Yasir 1 and Wilson Thau Lym Yong 2 1 Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, 2 Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. suhaimi.yasir@gmail.com Tel: BIO-BORNEO APRIL 2015 KOTA KINABALU, SABAH

2 1 Biodiversity and Nursery Seaweed Value Chain 2 Cultivation Technology 3 Post-harvest Processing 4 Down Stream Processing (Bioand Chemical Process) 5 Product Development Commercialisation and Marketing 6 Socio-Economy 7 Quality and Standard 8

3 BIODIVERSITY OF SEAWEEDS (Eucheuma)

4 Distribution The Coral Triangle World s richest biodiversity Source of Eucheuma sp.

5 Natural distribution of Eucheuma Natural stocks of Eucheuma Indo-pacific. Eucheuma are robust and are easily transported if they are kept moist with seawater and are held within a temperature range that does not harm them. Eucheuma strains occurred naturally or have been dispersed by human activity to the point where marine out plantings have occurred in at least 29 countries.

6 3 types of seaweed (Macroalgae) 1. Green Seaweed or Caulerpa Ulva 2. Brown seaweed i.e. Sargassum, Laminaria, Fucus Sargassum 3. Red Seaweed i.e. Kappaphycus, Gracilaria, Eucheuma, Gelidium, Condrus Kappaphycus

7 The natural habitat Semporna, Sabah Wild seaweeds

8 Indigenous species

9 Molecular characterization DNA Fingerprinting - Traceability Seaweed Varieties Kappaphycus alvarezii Eucheuma denticulatum Phenotypic Variation A significant number of phynotypic variants have been reported and characterized using DNA fingerprinting.

10 Seedling propagation

11 Various techniques No. Technique Status 1. Tissue culture and micro-propagation Trial stage 2. Photo-bioreactor culture Trial stage 3. Vegetative propagation Existing varieties Commercial 4. Wild seaweed Indigenous Trial stage 5. Hybrid Development Grafting Trial stage 6. Hybrid Development Protoplast Fusion In future

Our next R&D target. 50 40 - Reduce maturity from 45 to 30 days. - To have more cycles per year Plant properties 1.

12 Our next R&D target Reduce maturity from 45 to 30 days. - To have more cycles per year Plant properties 1. High yielding 60% gel. 2. Fast grow. 3. P & D resistance. 4. Tolerate to weather condition. Days Maturity Maturity

13 Seedlings Tissue culture Develop Mother Plant Bioreactor Commercial varieties Wild Grafting

14 Developing Mother Plant Using Photo Bio-Reactor Media Kit (Ready to market) Photo-bioreactor Mother Plant Mother Plant Acclimatisation

15 Developing Mother Plant by Vegetation

16 Plantlets Land-based Nursery

17 Developing seedling size 50 gm 100 gm g 100 g

18 Commercial varieties

19 Nursery management

20 Mother Plants, Langkawi, Kedah

22 Cultivation

23 Pruning scheme Mother plant 1 st pruned cultivar 2 nd pruned cultivar 3 rd pruned cultivar Hurtado, 2009

Water level Planting scheme 20-25 cm cultivation

24 Water level Planting scheme cm cultivation line (flat binder, PER) 30 cm g Hurtado, 2009

26 Cultivation of seaweed

28 Ready to harvest 45 days maturity

29 Harvesting

30 Fresh seaweed directed to a drying platform

31 Harvesting activities

32 Drying

33 Various techniques Open sun dry zero energy cost

34 Sauna and dry

35 Hanging method

36 Solar House Tray rack Trays Courtesy:- UKM, Bangi

37 Dry seaweed

38 Storage Dry and clean

39 Chemistry of seaweed

40 κ-carrageenan Purpose To hold water, fat and protein together (Emulsifier) How? Fat/Protein molecule Hydrogen bond Covalent bond COOH Water (H 2 O) H O H

41 Down Stream Product

42 Product from seaweed 1. Development of premium food products. 2. Development of premium health products. 3. Development of premium beauty and cosmetic products. 4. Development of premium personal care products. 5. Development of premium pharmaceutical products. 6. Development of premium edible film and coating. 7. Development of premium industrial products (Drilling fluids, nursery polybag etc). 8. Development of aqua-feed for high value aquaculture species. 9. Pet food. 10. Bio-filter.

43 Application in food industry Fresh Dry Semi-refined Carrageenan or Carrageenan Product Ice cream, Yogurt, Milk, Burger, Jelly, Hot Dog, Sauce,

44 Cocoa powder suspension Creamy mouthfeel Creamy texture Pulp suspension Full mouthfeel Meat applications Source:- TACARA Sdn. Bhd. (Tawau, Sabah)

45 Industrial Processing

46 Industrial seaweed processing

47 Fresh Dry Cook Rinse Powder Production Stage Dry Miller Courtesy :- TACARA Sdn. Bhd. Powder

48 Source:- MCPI Corporation Ltd., Philippines

49 Source:- MCPI Corporation Ltd., Philippines

50 Source:- Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia Cosmetics and toiletries

51 Source:- UMS Bio-film

52 Cottage industry

53 Sabah Seaweed Puree Amplang Source:- Pasar Tanjung, Tawau Source:- MCPI Corporation Ltd., Philippines

54 Gel-like product

55 Quality and Standard

56 Certification and GAP Program Pensijilan Akuakultur Sijil Amalan Akuakultur Baik (SAAB). Skim Pensijilan Ladang Akuakultur Malaysia (SPLAM). Fish Quality Certificate (FQC). 56

57 Seaweed Standard (SIRIM):- 1. Code of Practice 2. Seaweed Cultivation 3. Dried Seaweed 4. Semi-Refined Carrageenan 5. Refined Carrageenan (In preparation)

58 Thank you

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