SWD in Cherry. Larry Gut and Nikki Rothwell

Transcription

1 SWD in Cherry Larry Gut and Nikki Rothwell

2 more at

3 Spread of SWD The Boston Globe and Hannah Burrack, NCSU

4 Current MI distribution Rufus Isaacs, Larry Gut, John Wise, Steve Van Timmeren, Keith Mason, Peter McGhee, Mike Haas, Nikki Rothwell, Karen Powers, Mark Longstroth, Carlos Garcia-Salazar, Bob Tritten, Diane Brown-Rytlewski, Jeanette Yaklin Based on APHIS confirmed samples sent through MSU Diagnostics SWD first detected in 2010?

5 2013 Trapping Network Clear plastic container baited with yeast-sugar solution Over 60 traps deployed in 11 counties Over 100,000 SWD captured and identified Catches posted weekly online

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7 Comparative catch in 4 cherry production regions Northwest-NW West central WC Avg. SWD per trapping site NW trapped through Sept 9 WC, SW & SE trapped through Aug NW SW WC SE Southeast-SE Average catches 10-fold higher in NW and SW Southwest-SW

8 Comparative catch by region and production system NW trapped through Sept 9 WC, SW & SE trapped through Aug 18

9 2013 bait comparison to improve SWD capture Average SWD adults per trap c ACV Yeast Yeast+Flour ACV+Wine Trece Lure (ACV drowning solution) Data courtesy of Isaacs et al. b b b b a Trece Lure (soap water drowning solution)

10 Susceptibility of cherries to SWD Total individuals Eggs b Adults b 40 b b No-Choice Study 0 Five fruits placed into deli containers with 5 female and 5 male SWD Unripe cherries (green) Ripening cherries (pink) Ripe cherries (red for tarts and dark red for sweets) 4 replicates Total individuals a a Not Ripe Ripening Ripe b Eggs Adults b b a a b Not Ripe Ripening Ripe

11 Sampling fruit for SWD Gather cherries (1 lb) into a ziplock bag. Pour salt solution (1 cup/gallon) over cherries. Wait an hour, and count SWD larvae. BBM SWD

12 Timing of SWD activity in cherry, 2013 Avg. SWD per trapping site SW NW SW 1 st catch July 1 NW 1 st catch July 29 Larvae were not detected in fruit samples prior to harvest

13 Timing of SWD activity in MI cherry 2011 SW, Aug 22 NW, Sep NW, July 23 Avg. SWD per trapping site SW, July 1 SW NW SW, July 15 6/24 7/1 7/8 7/15 7/22 7/29 8/5 8/12 8/19 8/26 9/2 9/ NW, July 15

14 Field-based insecticide bioassays Treatments applied to cherry trees with airblast sprayer. Cherries collected 1 and 7d posttreatment. 5 cherries placed in container Add 5 male, 5 female SWD hold for 7d. Count larvae/pupae after 9d, calculate % mortality

15 Efficacy TNRC trial Corrected % Control Assail 30SG 6 oz Assail 30SG 8 oz Movento 240 SC & R-11 Actara 25WG Grandevo 2DF Untreated Assail and Movento provided highest levels of control

16 Efficacy NW trial Avg. # eggs Avg. # of larva Average # of SWD Sevin Pounce Malathion Delgate Imidan Control Sevin was ineffective Delegate and Imidan provided highest levels of control

17 Control of CFF and Drosophila in tart cherry-2011 Bexar 17 fl oz/ac Actara Tolfenpyrad (Apta), anticipated registration for oz/ac Voliam Flexi 7 oz/ac Endigo 6 fl oz/ac Movento 9 fl oz/ac Cyazypyr 13.5 fl oz/ac Rimon 20 fl oz/ac Imidan 2.5 lb/ac Check All b s a CFF Exirel anticipated registration for 2014 Drosophila a Larvae/lb fruit

18 2013 SWD working group insecticide rankings Excellent 4 Good 3 Fair 2 Weak 1 No activity 0 Actara Assail AzaSol Brigade Danitol Delegate Entrust Exirel Imidan Lannate Malathion Mustang Max Provado Pyganic Rimon Sevin Sivanto Most effective: Imidan, Delegate, Mustang Max, Danitol, Lannate Very effective: Malathion, Brigade/Bifenture, Hero Shorter residual: Entrust, Pyganic, Assail

19 Rain has severe impact on efficacy DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT No Rain 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT Rain Percent control Percent control 20 0 Data courtesy of Isaacs et al. 0.8 inches of rain on treated bushes 1 day after application

20 Keeping the MI cherry industry informed Weekly reports in MSU AgNews (12 articles) Presentations Fruit Pest Management Guide

21 Control of Drosophila in Tart Cherry Know when SWD are present Use effective rates of effective products. Know the seasonal limits, PHI, REI, etc. Reapply after rain. INSECTS INSECTICIDES PHI Obliquebanded leafroller Cherry fruit fly Spotted wing drosophila Comments: See Third Cover See Third Cover 9e, 35, 44g, 64g, 72g, 73g, 85e, 86g See Invasive and Emerging Pests section for information on spotted Wing drosophila. 9. Imidan (2.125 lb) 35. Pounce 25 WP (12.8 oz) 44. Danitol 2.4 EC (21.3 oz) 64. Entrust 80 WP ( oz) 72. Rimon 0.83 EC (20-40 oz) 73. Baythroid XL ( oz) 85. Delegate 25 WG (4.5-7 oz) 86. Mustang Max 0.8 EC (4 oz) 7d 3d 3d 7d 8d 7d 7d 14d

22 Foreign exploration for natural enemies Larval Parasitoids 6% Photo: Xingeng Wang Asobara sp. (Braconidae) Photo: Xingeng Wang Ganaspis sp. (Figitidae) Pupal Parasitoids <1% 10% 20% Photo: Xingeng Wang Trichopria sp. (Diapriidae) Photo: Xingeng Wang Pachycrepoideus sp. (Pteromalidae) 33% J. Miller, Shearer, B. Miller, Walton, Daane, Wang

23 Summary: Classical biological control 1) OSU researchers collected in So. Korea and parasitoids reared are currently in the UCB Quarantine; 2) 4-5 parasitoid species were recovered, with all species easily reared on SWD and one species appearing to be a specialist on SWD 3) Focus now is to conduct quarantine studies, obtain USDA APHIS release permits. Daane lab, UCB

24 Thanks to: Funders: MI Cherry Committer MI Horticultural Society MI Project GREEEN MI Project GREEEN AABI MSU field team: Educators: Mark Longstroth, Diane Brown, Carlos Garcia, Bob Tritten Terrific staff Gut lab: Michael Haas, Peter McGhee Rothwell lab: Karen Powers, Elise Carolan, Chris Beiser Isaacs lab: Steve Van Timmeren, Keith Mason