What was Africa like before global integration?

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Horace Green
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2 What was Africa like before global integration?

4 will be establishing sea-based empires in the Americas and trading-post empires in Africa and Asia The land empires (,,,, and ) expand dramatically Gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade established large empires around the world

5 Baghdad becomes the capital of the Dar al-islam and connects a vast network of interregional trade. As a result, Islam spreads to : Carried by caravans along trans-saharan routes into West Africa As a result of Indian Ocean trade when traders establish long-term communities

7 Large trading empires such as Ghana, Songhai, and Mali formed in West Africa Similar hierarchical structure to many other Afro-Eurasian Empires of the era

During the period 600 CE -1450 CE, Africa began to forge its social,

looked at monolithically It is a vast & diverse continent and home to many

8 During the period 600 CE CE, Africa began to forge its social, religious, and economic relationships with other cultures Africa cannot be looked at monolithically It is a vast & diverse continent and home to many different cultures Dramatic changes are brought about by trade but cultural continuities persist.

18 Bodies of water which supported trading cities and smaller communities The flows from central Africa to the north The in the south and the central African Congo The in West Africa becomes a prominent trading hub and learning center along the Niger River

In your notebook, construct the following graphic organizer: 1. Examine each of the documents with your elbow-buddy 2. Try to go beyond a plain reading of the text.

19 In your notebook, construct the following graphic organizer: 1. Examine each of the documents with your elbow-buddy 2. Try to go beyond a plain reading of the text. What does it reveal about people s values and relationships 3. Paraphrase the characteristics in your notes under the appropriate theme SOCIAL POLITICAL INTER- ACTIONS CULTURE WEST AFRICA 9/28/17 Gender roles / relations Family and kinship Racial and ethnic groups Social and economic classes Leaders, political structures and forms of governance Empires, nations, and nationalism Expansion, collapse, revolts and revolutions Demographics, Disease Migrations, Settlement patterns Technology Religion, belief systems, philosophies and ideologies Science and technology Art, music, literature, clothing ECONOMIC Goods, trade, commerce, and labor systems Agricultural, pastoral, and industrial production Capitalism and socialism Production of goods

25 Most African states had a society Village council took care of everyday issues, a chief from the council would lead affairs and settle disputes Some societies grew into kingdoms, empires and city-states Typical gender roles (men with heavy labor, women domestic chores) Women did have other positions like merchants and often had higher authority than in other regions

Mecca Some powerful chiefs overrode kinship networks

26 West Africa (sub-sahara) - Empires,, founded Mali promoted Islam and trade through his pilgrimage to Mecca Some powerful chiefs overrode kinship networks and imposed authority with military back up (e.g. Benin)

27 was a major trading site Links routes with the networks and trading Creates Afro-Eurasian trading network People needed to adapt to geographic regions (rainforest, savanna, desert)

Islam spread as merchants crossed the Sahara many rulers converted

29 Religion based on tradition of spirits often associated with natural elements, and rituals (blended with Islam and Christianity later) Islam spread as merchants crossed the Sahara many rulers converted Many villages traced their roots through a common ancestor ( ) and some were

Cities at crossroads ( ) become major urban centers Salt slabs being traded

30 Early trading networks (,, iron, copper, & minerals) Gold in sub-saharan regions led to prosperity Gold traded for salt found in slabs in the Sahara Cities at crossroads ( ) become major urban centers Salt slabs being traded across the Sahara Mansa Musa s pictured holding a gold coin on the Catalan Atlas

31 One of three great civilizations that arose along the Niger River Ghana was located between salt and gold mines Ghana s power came from their use of iron weapons to conquer neighboring tribes and for farming along the Niger River

32 Salt merchants from North Africa crossed the Sahara Desert to trade with gold miners south of Ghana Ghana taxed traders passing through their trade route

crossed the Sahara Access to makes Mali the most

33 King Sundiata conquered Ghana and led Mali to become a powerful trading empire Economy based on trade, that crossed the Sahara Access to makes Mali the most powerful kingdom in Africa The Niger River became a highway for trade

34 was the tenth Mansa (or emperor) of the Mali Empire, located in West Africa. Mansa Musa built his wealth from gold and salt mines, both of which were extremely valuable.

Eastern Hemisphere African Empires

Eastern Hemisphere African Empires Eastern Hemisphere in the Middle Ages Europe Asia Africa India Background: During the Medieval Period several major trade routes developed in the Eastern Hemisphere.