1. Where is the food?

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2 1. Where is the food? Before the Neolithic Revolution, humans were forced to travel from place to place in search of food as nomads. The result of the Revolution was a shift from a food gathering to food producing societies where people could survive and stay in one place.

3 2. Can you dig it? Archaeologists excavate ancient settlements and study artifacts (items created by human beings) to learn more about how these ancient people lived. Famous archaeologists include Donald Johannson who discovered a 3 million year old skeleton that he nicknamed Lucy who he believed was an upright walking humanlike creature.

4 3. We ve got Roots According to the latest scientific research, the earliest known human remains have been found in Africa. Therefore, scientists believe that human origins can be traced back to that continent. Based off of the radiocarbon dating process (used to date organic material) humanlike creatures have been on the earth for over 3 million years.

5 4. Down by the River River valleys became the site of the most successful early civilizations because of their mild climate, fertile soil, and plentiful water supply. People there would create calendars so that they would know when the seasons would change to avoid having crops in the ground during rainy seasons.

6 In the past 1.5 million years that earth had long periods of cooling which lasted for thousands of years and resulted in glaciers covering large portions of the earth s surface. 5. Cool It!

7 The 1 st civilizations found the need to select leaders and create governments to get essential work done by citizens, workers were given specific jobs to accomplish to earn their keep in these communities. 6. Do it or else!

8 7. Prehistoric Developments Before the Neolithic Revolution, human beings developed spoken language, fire, tamed some animals, buried their dead, stone tools (hand axe), and began to migrate to cooler areas of the planet.

9 Egypt s annual flooding is referred to commonly as the gift of the Nile because each year it provided fertile farmland with a new, rich layer of silt. 8. What a present!

10 9. Long Standing Ancient Egypt was surrounded by seas and deserts prevented outside civilizations from attacking them. Therefore, Egypt remained a unified empire for nearly 3,000 years!

11 10. Eye for an Eye King Hammurabi the ancient Mesopotamian king was the first to develop a law code which applied to all citizens of his empire.

12 11. Ideas Exchanged During the earliest periods of world history, many civilizations learned of new ideas through cultural diffusion which occurred after Prehistoric times (Prehistory) when writing was developed, other civilizations were conquered, and trade took place between different civilizations.

13 12. Geography is the Key According to Jared Diamond, civilizations that possessed abundant agricultural items, new forms of technology, and domesticated animals tended to be the most successful ones in the early part of human history.

14 13. Write It Down Some of the first civilizations in the world developed written language about 5,000 years ago. First, the Sumerians invented Cuneiform and a short time later, the Egyptians invented Hieroglyphics.

15 The Ancient Hebrews (Israelites) developed the idea of Ethical Monotheism. It was first written in the Old Testament which outlines Hebrew moral and ethical teachings. 14. God said it!

16 The use of irrigation and domesticated animals allowed farmers in the first civilizations to cultivate crops on a large scale. In Egypt, irrigation canals helped early farmers transform the desert into fertile land for growing grapes. 15. Can You Dig It?

17 16. Early Trade Before the development of money, early civilizations relied on barter (the exchange of one good or service for another) to receive items or services that they needed to survive.

18 17. Gettin Ziggy With It! In Ancient Sumer, Ziggurats were built as religious ritual centers in nearly every citystate throughout the Tigris-Euphrates River Valley a.k.a. The Fertile Crescent (see map).

19 18. Everyone had a Voice In Ancient Greek polis (city-state) of Athens, all free, adult, male citizens voted on all issues brought forth in the system of government called a direct democracy. Just as in the U.S. today, individuals played a significant role in shaping ideas, society, and the state.

20 19. No freedom of Choice In Ancient Sparta, male citizens were required to serve and train in the military from ages seven to sixty. This polis was ruled by an oligarchy- a small group of wealthy people.

21 20. In the Nude Ancient Greeks participated in athletic contests every four years as each city-state sent its best athletes to compete for the Greek gods at Mount Olympia. Most artwork of the Golden Age of Greece also glorified the human body in paintings and sculptures.

22 21. Save the Drama There wouldn t be any drama to be saved if it wasn t for the Ancient Greeks who developed early plays with humor called comedies and others where characters struggle to overcome an problem called tragedies.

23 22. Alexander s Impact Through numerous military victories Alexander the Great built new cities with Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences. This culture brought throughout the known world by Alexander became known as Hellenistic Civilization.

24 23. Athenian Legacy In the 5 th Century B.C. Athens developed great art/architecture like the Parthenon, Philosophy, Pythagorean theorem, Hippocratic Oath, History, and Rhetoric because of its wealth, and under Pericles leadership Athenian democracy flourished as ordinary citizens held public offices.

25 24. Primary and Secondary People who study history look at primary sources (diaries, paintings, sculptures, journals) and secondary sources (textbooks, encyclopedias, and websites) to learn more about historical information. One place with a wealth of primary sources is the Roman city of Pompeii which was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in the 1 st century A.D.

26 25. Roman Builders Ancient Romans constructed several marvels of modern engineering including arches, vaulted ceilings, domes, and aqueducts which carried water from the mountains to the cities.

27 26. Mad Men In many Ancient civilizations, including Rome, women and children were not ever involved in governmental decisions. However, Rome did develop the idea of a republican form of government and established a bicameral legislature. The Roman Republic also gave more say in elections to wealthier citizens.

28 27. It Catches On! Around 30 A.D. many people around Jerusalem began to follow a holy man named Jesus, who performed miracles. His followers would create the Christian Church shortly after Jesus death. But it would not become legal in Rome until the 200s after Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. After it became legal it grew in popularity because of its promise of life after death, strong organization led by Popes and use of common languages (Greek/Latin).

29 28. You re going Down! The Roman Empire began to fall apart around 400 A.D. because of ineffective and corrupt leaders in Rome s government, inflation in Roman currency, loss of faith and patriotism in Rome, and changes in army membership and discipline.

30 29. Republican Model There are many similarities between the modern U.S. government and Roman Republic including rule by elected representatives. This representative democracy became the model of the U.S. government and allows the desires of the citizens who vote to limit the government s actions. Citizens who failed to vote would often not see their favored candidate win elections.

31 30. Charlemagne s Idea In order to establish political control, the Frankish king, Charlemagne, developed called feudalism in which serfs borrowed land from lords on manors exchange for fiefs. On these manors, most of the economic activities were based off of agriculture.

32 31. Follow the Code Medieval knights had to follow a specific code of behavior known as Chivalry to remain in their elite position.

33 The Magna Carta established many ideas used in the U.S. government including: credible witnesses, separation of powers, speedy trials, no one is above the law, and personal property rights. 32. Huge Impact

34 33. Mo Money By the Late Middle Ages a vast trade network of trade route connected the centers of trade in Europe which resulted in rapid spread of the Black Death which reduced Europe s population by 25 million over 4 years which led to a smaller workforce and an increase in wages.

35 34. I ve got the Power Following the defeat of Islamic armies in 732 A.D. by Charles Martel, Christianity grew in strength and popularity in Western Europe. Within several hundred years, European Christians constructed large Gothic Cathedrals to show their devotion to God.

36 35. Not Just Tough Guys Archaeologists believe that the Vikings were the first Europeans to sail across the Atlantic Ocean around 1000 A.D. and made settlements in modern day Canada.

37 36. Do It for God! The Crusades recruited thousands of Europeans to recapture the holy land from the Muslims by ensuring Crusaders a place in heaven, although they were unsuccessful at recapturing Jerusalem, it did result in increased demand for goods in the Middle East and eventually led to increased cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe.

38 37. Where in the World? Once again, you need to know the location of the world s 7 continents and 4 oceans.

39 38. Final Exam Breakdown All 100 questions have appeared on your previous unit tests in World History this semester. (15 Prehistory, 17 Great Civilizations, 20 Ancient Greece, 17 Ancient Rome, 20 Middle Ages, 11 World Map) All questions are multiple choice questions (1 point each) Total score will account for 20% of your semester grade.