Wine Industry in France
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1 Wine Industry in France Etienne Montaigne, Professor Alfredo Coelho, Associate Researcher
2 France: Evolution of the surfaces planted with vines (000 hectares) ( ) - 0,9 % per year PDO wines V.Q.P.R.D. vins de pays Vins de table Vins pour eaux de vie à AOC Source: FranceAgriMer
3 Evolution of the grubbing up of vines in France (hectares financed) ( ) France Languedoc Roussillon Source: FranceAgriMer
4 France: The grubbing up of vines in the main wine regions (22,638 hectares) ( ) Auvergne Burgundy Poitou-Charentes Centre Pays de la Loire Corse PACA Rhône-Alpes Midi-Pyrénées Aquitaine Languedoc-Roussillon Source: FranceAgriMer
5 France: Main wine regions Typical Farm M2 Typical Farm M1
6 France: Weather conditions across the regions ( )
7 France: Evolution of the main varietals grubbed up (co-financed) ( ) Varietal hectares Carignan N 4914 Grenache N 3075 Merlot N 2672 Syrah N 2209 Cabernet Sauvignon N 1532 Cinsault N 1199 Gamay N 745 Cabernet Franc N 507 Chardonnay B 485 Alicante H. Bousch.N 449 Sub-total 10 varietals Top 10 varietals % of total surfaces grubbed up 79% Source: FranceAgriMer
8 France: Land prices for vines in 2011 (000 / hectare) Champagne (PDO) 868,3 Val de Loire Centre (PDO) 23,9 Burgundy (PDO) 202 Rhône-Alpes (PDO) 15 Gironde (PDO) 74 South-West (PDO) 12,8 Rhône Valley-Alpes-Provence (PDO) 34,3 Rhône Valley-Alpes-Provence (non-pdo) 11,3 Languedoc-Roussillon (PDO) 11,2 Languedoc-Roussillon (non-pdo) 10,8 Corsica (PDO) 15,6 Corsica (non-pdo) 8 France (PDO excluding Champagne) 49 France (non PDO) 10,6
9 France: Evolution of the wine production (Million hectoliters) ( ) Source: OIV (2012)
10 France: Evolution of the production of wine & juices & musts (Million hectoliters) ( ) Vins pour Cognac IGP/Vins de pays VSIG/Vins de table AOP/VPQRD Source: France AgriMer
11 Surfaces for Bio Wines have increased 3X in 4 years Evolution of the number of grape growers & surface of bio grapes and in conversion ( ) Source: Agence Bio
12 Surfaces for Bio Wines have increased 3X in 4 years Evolution of the surfaces certified as organic grapes in the main regions ( ) LR = 30% of total
13 France: Average Monthly Prices for Red Wines Without Geographic Indication ( ) Prix en /.hl ,00 Italie France Espagne 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 Sources : Contracts FranceAgriMer, ISMEA, "Semana Vitivinicola«/ OIV.
14 France: Average Monthly Prices for White Wines Without Geographic Indication ( ) euro/.hl ,00 Italie France Espagne 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 Sources : Contracts FranceAgriMer, ISMEA, «Semana Vitivinicola» / OIV.
15 France: Average Monthly Prices for Bulk Wines ( ) ( /hl) Source: France AgriMer /Interprofessions Burgundy Sylvaner Beaujolais Bordeaux Cahors Corbières Gaillac prix bdx prix beaujolais prix bourgogne prix cahors prix gaillac prix cotes du rhone prix corbières prix rosé d'anjou sylvaner
16 France: Evolution of Wine Exports ( ) 11 13,8 millions d hl en volume / 6,8 milliards d euros en valeur Volumes + 7 % /95 95/96 96/97 97/98 Valeurs en milliards d'euros 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 Value +16 % 09/10 10/11 Volumes en millions d'hectolitres 11 Source: Ubifrance/Agreste/Douanes françaises
17 Evolution of average price (in %) French Wine Exports campaign / campaign Switzerl. Third-Countries World Canada Italy Japan USA UK Denmark Sweden Belgium UE Germany Netherl Evolution of volumes (in %) (Source : Agreste/FranceAgriMer)
18 The Structure of Wine Farms in France
19 Wine Farms in France: Strong Geographical Identities wine farms in hectares of vines (i.e. 3% of the SAU) Size of wine farms: 9,1 hectares/farm (average). The wine chain is highly specialised: 90% of wine farms in PDO or PGI Geographic indications dominate 4/10 grape growers < 50 years old Source: Agreste (2011)
20 Wine Farms in France: Evolution of the vine surfaces in the regions ( ) Source: IGN/Agreste
21 Wine Farms in France: % of farm holdings specialised in a category of wines Wine regions PDO wines PGI wines PDO & PGI wines Other wines # farm holdings Loire Valley - Centre Rhône Valley - Provence Aquitaine Charentes - Cognac Alsace-East Burgundy - Beaujolais - Savoie - Jura Champagne Languedoc-Roussillon South-West Corsica France (metropole) Source: Agreste (2011)
22 Wine Farms in France: % of farm holdings specialised in a category of wines Economic dimension PDO wines PGI wines PDO & PGI wines Other wines Total Small farms Medium farms (PBS > ) Big farms (PBS > ) Number of farms NB: PBS Gross Standard Production Source: Agreste (2011)
23 France: Structure of Wine Farms (FADN ) (source: B. Delord, UMR MOISA Montpellier, 2012) Region commercialisation prices prod-wine ( /hl) Champagne Bottled >600 Burgundy Bottled Alsace Poitou- Charentes Aquitaine & Midi Pyrénées Bottled Bulk-aoc Bulk-vcc Bottled Bulk-aoc Rhône Alpes Bottled Languedoc- Roussillon Bulk-aoc Bulk-vcc <50 PACACo (Provence- Alpes-Côte Azuer, Bulk-aoc surf-vigne (ha) nb quest nb farms % sales bottled surf vines (ha) Wine prices ( /hl) Yields (q/ha) <2, , , , , , , , , ,5-7, , , , , , , > , , > , , , , , , , , , > , , , ,
24 Source: Guillaumin et al (2011) Languedoc Roussillon 3 different types of farm holdings (with different strategic behaviour): - Grape producers: strictly produce and market grapes - Crush grapes and market in bulk: these farm holdings integrate the processing/crushing of grapes in order to market the wine in bulk - Crushes grapes and markets packaged wine (bottles, bag-in-box ): fully integrates the wine chain (crushes, bottles and markets packaged wine)
25 Typology of Farm Holdings according to the use of practices taking into account the environment Source: Guillaumin et al (2011) Grapes Bulk wine Bottled wine Wines w/o GI PGI PDO - = +++
26 Typical Farms in Languedoc & Aquitaine ( ) Methods & Problems
27 The Data and Methods Typical farm in Languedoc Roussillon: 20 hectares of grapes Produces grapes and bulk wine Marketed under the Terra Vitis (sustainable) label Modern canopy management system: trellis with cordon de royat Density of planting: 4000 vines per ha Plantings include international varietals (Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon) and Carignan The Languedoc farm uses a mix of family and hired labour (=120 hours/ha) There is a market for bulk wine but not a market for grapes
28 Typical farm in Languedoc-Roussillon Country France Region Languedoc-Roussillon Total farm size, ha 20 - full production, ha non-full bearing, ha other farm branch, ha 0 Lifetime of vineyard, years 40 years (average) Average time to first full yield after planting new vines 3 years Grape yield on farm, 2010 in t/ha 6 12 Share of irrigated vineyards (%) 0 Distance between the rows (m) 2.5 Total surface of these 6 international wine varieties, ha: Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah/Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc 14 Top 3 varieties grown - Name 1: Syrah/Shiraz ha 1: 5 - Name 2: Merlot ha 2: Name 3: Carignan ha 3: 2.2
29 Country Region France Languedoc-Roussillon Vines per ha 3,600-4,000 Distance between the rows (m) 2.5 Less favoured area No Legal form Family farm Decoupled payment, EU subsidies (per ha) 0 Subsidies (per farm) (e.g., for irrigation system, conversion of old vineyards, grubbing-up etc.) Yes Canopy management / production system Trellising system Cordon de Royat - selling grapes on the market (with or without formal contracts) or delivering them to the cooperative - producing and marketing bulk wine 100% - producing and marketing packaged wine Participation in private quality certification scheme Terra Vitis: sustainable viticulture Family labour (hours per year) 1,850 Hired labour (hours per year) 560 Seasonal workers (hours per year) 0 Use of own machinery yes Use of hired machinery / contractors / co-operative machine pool harvest & establishment Harvest 100 % machine
30 Vineyards in Languedoc-Roussillon
31 Vineyard in Languedoc (Hérault)
32 Vineyard in Languedoc (Hérault)
33 Data and Methods Typical farm in Entre Deux Mers (M2) (Bordeaux): 17 hectares of grapes 26 ha farm (diversification: forest, cattle, fruits) Produces grapes and bulk wine Marketed under the Agri Confiance (co-operative, sustainable) label Modern canopy management system: trellis with Double guyot Densities of planting: 2000 to 4000 vines per ha (in the same farm) Plantings include mainly international varietals: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc in the past the regional focus was in white varietals, now reds dominate The Entre Deux Mers farm uses a mix of family and hired labour (=many activities outsourced through Entrepreneurs, Cuma (co-op) and Employers Joint Groups The roads to the market may vary: bulk wine sold to an unique cooperative, both to a co-operative and a wine merchant There is a market for bulk wine but not a market for grapes
34 Typical farm in Entre Deux Mers (Bordeaux) Country France Region Entre Deux Mers Total farm size, ha 26 - full production, ha non-full bearing, ha other farm branch, ha 9 Lifetime of vineyard, years 40 years (average) Average time to first full yield after planting new vines 3 years Grape yield on farm, 2010 in t/ha Share of irrigated vineyards (%) 0 Distance between the rows (m) Total surface of these 6 international wine varieties, ha: Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah/Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, 14 Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc Top 3 varieties grown - Name 1: Merlot ha 1: Name 2: Cabernet Sauvignon ha 2: Name 3: Cabernet Franc ha 3: 1.8
35 Country Region France Entre Deux Mers Vines per ha ,300-4,000 Distance between the rows (m) 2.5 Less favoured area No Legal form Family farm Decoupled payment, EU subsidies (per ha) 0 Subsidies (per farm) (e.g., for irrigation system, conversion of old vineyards, grubbing-up etc.) Yes Canopy management / production system Trellising system Double Guyot - selling grapes on the market (with or without formal contracts) or delivering them to the cooperative - producing and marketing bulk wine 100% - producing and marketing packaged wine Participation in private quality certification scheme Agri Confiance: sustainable viticulture Family labour (hours per year) 1,680 Hired labour (hours per year) 420 Seasonal workers (hours per year) 0 Use of own machinery yes Use of hired machinery / contractors / co-operative machine pool harvest & establishment Harvest 100 % machine
36 Entre Deux Mers (E2M)
37 Vineyard E2M Landscape Gironde Blasimon the vine is connected with forest and other agricultural crops
38 Landscape La Réole (Gironde) Vineyard E2M
39 Thank you for your attention
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