idrdxyh fï udè,sfha m¾fhaikj, o;a; Wmojd.ekSu i yd fia*¾ j¾,aâ wdh;kh idudkhfhka fhdod.eksug m%sh lrk.dydy%s; m%yak ud,djla fuu iócikh ;=< 1

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2 idrdxyh iq wú iy ieye,ä wú ^SALW& jhdma;sh iy tajd wksis f,i mßyrkh je<elaùu i yd ish rdchhka úiska hq;= mshjrhka /ila" ks;s úfrdaëj isÿ flfrk iq wú iy ish wdldrfha wdhqo fj< du je<elaùu" tfrysj l%shd lsíu iy uq,skqmqgd ±óu i yd jk tlai;a cd;skaf.a l%shdldí ie,eiau ^UN POA& úiska y kajd ;sfí' tlai;a cd;skaf.a l%shdldí ie,eiafï fldgila jyfhka cd;sl uügfï mek ke.s we;s iq wú yd ne Kq.eg lrd m%fõyùfï ud¾. iïnkaëlrkh lsíu i yd cd;sl fldñika ind f.dvke.sug rdchhka úiska tlõ;djh ±la' fuu wruqkq iys;j Y%S,xldj ;=< f.dv ke.+ ks;s úfrdaë iq wú jhdma;shg tfrys cd;sl fldñiu" ^NCAPISA& ol=kq wdishdj ;=< we;s tn tlu wdh;kh fõ' iq wú iy ieye,ä wú iu. nef k" wdrcidj yd /ljrkh iïnkaoj M,odhS l%shdud¾..eksu i yd cd;sl fldñiug wjldy ie,isfï wáfhka" úêu;a" mq¾k cd;sl iólaikhla isÿ lsíu wkqu; jq w;r tys wruqk jkqfha wod<.eg ms<sn j jvd;a mq,a wjfndaohla we;s lr.eksu;a fuu.eg úi u i yd úl,am m%;sm;a;s bèßm;a lsíu;ah' mq¾k cd;sl iócikhlg mqfrda.dój" iócik l%ufõohkays fhda.h;dj msßlaisu i yd" iq wú iy ieye,ä wú ms<sn j kshuq iócikhla l< hq;= njg" ks;s úfrdaë iq wú jhdma;shg tfrysj cd;sl fldñiu úiska 2006 uq,a Nd.fha ;SrKh lrk,ÿj" tu kshuq jhdmd;sh meje;a hq;= m%foayh yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh f,i y kd.kakd, ' tu kshuq jhdmd;sfha.eksï iy ks¾foay ms<sn o< úia;rhla fuu ryih jd¾;dj ;=<.eífõ' 2006 cq,s ui wröug kshñ; mq¾k cd;sl iócikh" Wmßu uügfuka M,odhS iy m%fhdackj;a wdldrhg meje;aùu i yd" fuu kshuq iócikfhka Wlyd a m¾fhaik l%shdj,s wdld;ska ms<sn j mdvï fhdod.eksu o tla wruqkls' ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú me;síu ;lafiare lsíug;a iq wú iy ieye,ä wú ;=<ska wdrcidj" iqrcis; nj" ixj¾okh iy rdch md,khg flfrk n,meu.ek mícid lsíug;a" tu wú jvd;a ld¾hciu f,i md,kh lsíu i yd rdchh i;= yelshdj ms<sn j ixlaisma; woyila ±laùug;a fuu iócikh u.ska wfmacid flf¾' úê l%u y;rla Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka /ialra f;dr;=re fuu iócikh ;=< wka;¾fõ' tkï ld¾hd,sh iudf,dapkhla ^A desk review&" iq wú" wdrcidj iy ixj¾okh hk lrekq wrnhd m%dfoaysh ckhdf.a woyia.ek mq,a.=kd;aul" ±laula f.dvkõd.eksu i yd meje;a jq b,lal lkavdhï idlépd 6 la" udoh úyaf,aikhla iy fldgialrejkaf.a woyia uek.eksu i yd f;dr;=re iemhsfï m%odk mqoa.,hka iu. iïuql idlépd meje;aùuo fõ' iócikhg wod< jk idcis mßcid lsíu iy há;, myiqlï o fuu úêl%u j, wdodrl f,i fhdod.kakd, ' fï udè,sfha m¾fhaikj, o;a; Wmojd.ekSu i yd fia*¾ j¾,aâ wdh;kh idudkhfhka fhdod.eksug m%sh lrk.dydy%s; m%yak ud,djla fuu iócikh ;=< 1

3 wvx.=j fkd;sîu wjodkh veye.kakd lrekls' ld,h yd ;r. lsíug isÿùu yd iïm;a ms<sn isudjka fkdjkakg" fuu wx.ho" l%ufõoh ;=< wka;¾ùug bv ;snqks' tf;l=ÿ jqj;a ie,iqï fldg we;s mq¾k cd;sl iócikh ;=<g" tn m%yak ud,djla we;=<;a l< hq;=h' fu;eka isg ±lafjkafka kshuq iócikh u.ska a lrekq yd ks¾foayj, idrdxyhls' tu.ska cd;sl fldñiu iy fjk;a wod< rdch wdh;kj, lghq;= i yd Okd;aul yd iyfhda.s;d msgqn,hla iemfhkq we;ehs wfmacid flf¾' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh ;=<.sks wú jhdma;sh yd tys n,meu Y%S,xldfõ ol=kq fjr< ;Srefõ msysá yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh" Y%S,xldfõ j¾;udk ckdêm;s ;=udf.a yd rdch wdrcidj" uyck wdrcidj" ks;sh yd iduh ms<sn wud;hxy f,alï ;=udf.a o ckau N+ñh jk ue;sjrk fldügdyhhs' th j¾. lsf,da óg¾ 2609 l N+ñ m%foayhl me;sr f.dia 525"370 l ck ixlhdjlg ksjyk imhhs' ks, ixlhdf,alk úiska m%ldys; wdldrhg Èia;%slalfha ck.ykfhka ishhg 97 la isxy, cd;slhka o" ishhg 2 la uqia,sï cd;slhka o" ishhg 1 la fou< cd;slhkao fj;s' 1.DydY%s; ksiamdè; ;=jlal= ^.,algia& fí;a fldgk ;=jlal= yd m;frdï ;=jlal= j,ska iukaú; ks;s úfrdaëj mßyrkh lrk úyd,.sks wú m%udkhla Èia;%slalh ;=< we;' fuhg w;sf¾lj ikakoao wmrdo by<hdu i yd ie,lsh hq;= ;rï odhl;ajhla imhkq,nk njla fmks hk" Èia;%slalfha ngysr fldgfia" T-56.sks wú iq m%udkhla ^fuh Èfkka Èk j¾okh fjñka ;sfí& wmrdoldí yia;hka i;=j mj;s' 2 rcfha ixñ; j,ska,efnk njla fmks hk ks;s úfrdaë w;a fndaïn o Èia;%slalh ;=< is>% f,i jhdma; fjñka ;sfí' T-56 WKav Ndú;d l< yels f,i ieliq.,algia wú lrd keuqreùu jeäùu ;=<ska meyeè,s jkqfha" T-56 WKav jvd;a myiqfjka,nd njh' ysia WKav fldmq kej; mqrjd.eksu o idmrdë wú i yd WKav imhkq,nk tla ud¾.hla njg m;aj we;s fyhska" ks;hdkql+, wú orkakka úiska Ndú;d lsífuka miq ysia jq WKav fldmq /ia fldg úkdy lr ±óu u.ska" wkdh i yd jvd;a hym;a m%;sm, w;am;a lrfokq we;s njg fhdackd flf¾'.,algia ksiamdokfha m%uql;ajh orkafkda m%dfoaysh lïu,alrejkah' Tjqyq úyd, ixlhdjla Èia;%slalh ;=< jdih lr;s'.dydy%s;j ksmo jq ;=jlal= m%p,s;ùu je<elaùfï mshjrla jyfhka lïu,alrejkaf.a lghq;= md,khlg k;= lsíu jeoa jk nj i;hhls' tfiau uyd mßudkfhka foaysh.sks wú ksiamdokhùu ;=<ska wisñ; iemhqulg u. mdokq,nk njo wjfndao lr hq;=h' jvd;a jeoa lrek jkqfha Èia;%slalh ;=< fufia.sks wú i yd b,ä ula mej;sfï iema;eïn¾ ui 01 Èke;s yïnkaf;dg Èid f,alï ld¾hd,hsh ixlhdf,alk j,ska Wmqgd.kakd, ' 2 iajhxl%sh ñ,sgß udè,sfha m%ydrl wú i yd Y% S,xldj ;=< fmdÿfõ Ndú;d lrkq,nk fhÿu jkqfha T-56 hkakhs' 2

4 fya;= ljf¾±hs ne,suh' bka iuyrla fufiah' oßø;djh yd wjia:djka wysñùu" mßmd,k widodrk l%shd úiska hï odhl;ajhla imhkq,enq wdrjq,a fmd,sish flfrys we;s wúyajdih yd ks;sfha yd wêlrk moao;sfha wm%dksl nj" ikakoao yuqod fj;ska m<d.shjqka iudchg wkq lr fkd.eksu yd Tjqkaf.a idmrdë yeisíu iy fmd,sisfha yd fjk;a wdh;k w;r IK l%shd flfrys we;s odiaàh ta w;r fõ' 2005 jif¾ yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha.sks wú fhdod isÿ l< ukqih >d;k wkqmd;h ck.ykfha 100"000 lg 4'95 la f,i ±lafõ' fuh rfü fiiq m%foayj, wkqmd;h jk 2'06 ys fo.=kho blaujd hkq mukla fkdj" fun.kkh lsíï isÿ lrk,o fjk;a fndfyda rgj, wkqmd;hka o blaujd hkakls' Èú kid.eksu i yd.sks wú fhdoda njla ±lafjk m%udkj;a idcis Èia;%slalh ;=<ska yuq fkdfõ'.sks wú whq;= f,i mßyrkh fya;=fjka" Èia;%slalfha jvd;a ydkshg m;a m%foay jkqfha" iqßhjej" fn,sw;a;" j,iauq,a," ùrleáh" ;siaiuydrduh yd wõ=kfld< me,eiai fõ' Èia;%slalh ;=< isÿjk ikakoao wmrdo i yd W;afm%arlhla jkqfha ixúê; wmrdo yd foaymd,k{hska w;r we;s in ;d nj wkqudk flf¾' ixúê; wmrdolrejkaf.a ikakoao l%shdldrlï w;r" uqo,g ñks ueíu" l,a,s w;r isÿjk m,s.eksï" lxid j.dj$wf," wúa fidrlï yd m%n+ mqoa.,hkag wdrcidj ie,isu we;=<;a fõ' T-56 yd ixls¾k" ÈhqKq.sks wú Ndú;h" Èia;%slalfha ixúê; wmrdo l%shdldrlï ms<sn ixfla;hla njg m;aj we;'' n,j;a Yla;shlska fyì.sks wú iemhsfï ld¾hfha yd Èia;%slalh ;=< isÿ flfrk nrm;, wmrdoj, " lems fmfkk lkavdhula jkqfha yuqod yer m<d.sh msßiah' fuu wkqudkh i;hhlao hkak ksiel f,i ;yjqre lsíug iócikh wfmdfydi;a jq kuqÿ" jvd;a M,odhl wdrcikjd m%;sm;a;s y kajd u u.ska yd yuqod yer.sh msßia h<s tla lr.eksfï jevigyka l%shdjg ke.sfï taldnoao mshjrhka u.ska iajndjh wju l< yels nj ks¾foay flf¾' ^ksoiqkla f,i fyd;a yuqod yer.sh whg isú,a iudch lrd wdmiq msh ueksug yels wdldrfha jev igyka ixj¾okh l< yels kï" túg Tjqka ks;hdkql+, Ôjk jd;a;ska lrd t<öug we;s bv lv j¾okh jkq we;'& yuqod idudðlhka flfrys we;s iudc ms<s.eksu yd ie,lsu j¾okh lsíu o Nghka yuqod fiajdj ;=<u r jd ;nd.eksug Wmldrl jkq we;' Èia;%slalh ;=< isÿ flfrk fyaka lemsu yd tajd.sks ;eîu".j md,kh" ks;s úfrdaë ±j cdjdru yd or /ia lsíu" bvï wdrjq,a" j.dj i yd c, iïmdokh yd fjk;a ysñlï,nd.eksu iy ks;s úfrdaë u;ameka ksiamdokh ^iy mßfndackh& jeks lghq;= j, o".sks wú Ndú;d flf¾' Èia;%slalh ;=< isÿ flfrk ikakoao wmrdoj, f.dÿre njg m;ajkqfha;a" tn wmrdo isÿ lrkqfha;a" jhi wjqreÿ w;r isudfõ miqjk mqoa.,hska nj fmfka' flfia fj;;a" iq wú yd ieye,ä wú úiska isÿ lrkq,nk n,meu ksis 3

5 f,i ±lafjk iúia;rd;aul o;a;j, W!K;djh ksid fuh Ñ;%fha fldgila ùugo bv we;'.dydy%s; mßirh ;=< ;¾ckh lsíu i yd.sks wú fhdod.kakd mßudkh ±lafjk ixlhdf,alk b;d iq m%udkhla mukla mej;su ksoiqkla f,i ±la yel' fufia.dydy%s;j.sks wú whq;= f,i mßyrkh lsíu f,dalfha fjk;a l,dm j, lems fmfkk ia:dkhla ysñ lr.kq olakd,efí' iq wú whq;= f,i mßyrkh i yd fhduq ù isák msßñka yd tfia lghq;= lrk ldka;djka w;r we;s wiudk;ajh u.ska fhdackd flfrkqfha ia;%ska yd mqreihka fjk fjku b,lal lra Wmdh ud¾. ielish hq;= njh'.sks wú ms<sn wdl,am fjkila i yd wjyh kj jev igyka j, ldka;djkaf.a iydh,nd yels nj meyeè,sh' fh!jk msßñkaf.a.sks wú whq;= f,i mßyrkh lsífï rgdj fjkilg,la lsísug kï" wdh;k jhqyh ;=< m%pkav;ajfhka f;dr wdl¾iksh úl,am Tjqka i yd újd;j mj;sk nj ;yjqre flfrk m%h;akhla ±ßh hq;= w;ru".sks wú,nd.eksug we;s wjldyh o wjqrd,sh hq;=h' iïuql idlépdjkag iynd.s jqjka yd b,lal lkavdhï idudðlhka fndfyda fofkla" yïnkaf;dg ksjik ckhd uqyqkfok m%odk iudc.eg j iy ikakoao wmrdoj, uq,sl fya;=j f,i i,lkq,nkafka" Ôúld jd;a;shla lsíu i yd wjyh wohdmkh" mqyqkqj iy wjia:djka fkd,eîu hk idolhkah' ta wkqj i,ld n,k l< Èia;%slalfha mj;sk ikakoao wmrdoj,g uq,ajk iudc fya;+ka mrdch lsífï ¾> ld,skj m%uql;ajhla,nd Èh hq;= lafia;%.kkdjls' tkï wohdmkh" úfyaifhka úyaj úohd, wdh;k" mqyqkqj" /lshd ckkh lsíu" jhjidhl;aj iydh iy m%cd ixj¾okh fõ' flfia fj;;a wmrdolrejkag foaymd,k wkq.%dylhka fj;ska whq;= wdrcidjla ie,fikafka hehs Wml,amkhla mj;sk;dla" yqÿ ks;hdkql+, jevlghq;= i yd wjia:d Wodlr fuka mukla Tjqkaf.a Ôjk l%uh f;dard.eksu úyd, fjkilg Ndckh fkdjkq we;' tfyhska wmrdolrejka njg m;a yels mqoa.,hskag wk;=re yeõfjk" yd Tjqka oëqjug,la flfrk wdldrfha jvd;a M,odhl rgdjla f.dvke.sh hq;= w;ru" idmrdë Ôjk p¾hdjkag úl,am f,i yels id¾:l ixj¾ok l%shdoduhla werôh hq;=h' n,=.sks wú ixirkhg we;= jkafka Y%S,xldfõ W;=re yd kef.kysßka nj fmfka' ta w;ßka ljr wkqmd;hla t,a'à'à'b h fyda Y%S,xld rcfha ixñ; ;=<ska iemfhkafkao hkak wmeyeè,s kuq;a" fuu fowxyh úiskau ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú hï m%udkhla,ndfok njg idcis we;' l%shd;aul m%foayj, isg ol=kg meñfkk ikakoao fiajdjkays kshq;= mqoa.,hska mßcidjg,la lsífï rgdfõ we;s lfmd y kdf.k tajd jid ±ñh hq;=h' yïnkaf;dg jeks Èia;%slal lrd n,=.sks wú iemhsu wvq lsífuys,d fuh WmldÍ jkq we;' tfiau" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfka wúa ke.sàfï m%;sm,hla f,i ixirkhg tl;= jq ks;s úfrdaë wú ie,lsh hq;= m%udkhla o yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh ;=< we;s njo m%lg lrekls' 4

6 iq wú yd ieye,ä wú md,kh lsífï rdch yelshdj fmd,sisfha lghq;= m%cd iïnkao;d Èßu;a lsíug;a" ksjdrk ^Preventative& l%u fhdod.ksñka m%pkav;ajh wvq lsíug;a iuyr fmd,sia ia:dk úiska il%shj lghq;= lrñka isák nj iócikh ;=< y kd.kakd, ' fmd,sish flfrys wúyajdih mj;akd yd m%pkav;ajh by<ska mj;akd m%foay i yd fun m%h;akhla jy jyd wjyhj we;' w,a,ia.eksug we;s fm<öu" ks,odíkaf.a jegqma yd ukd jeä lsíu ;=<ska ysk l< yel' uyck iyfhda.h fmd,sishg,nd u Èß.ekaùu i yd ±kqj;a lsífï yd f;dr;=re iemhsug wfmacid lrk whg bèßm;a ù tfia lsíu msksi ;Hd. m%odkh lsífï rgdjla wjyh nj fmd,sish o jgyd f.k isà' fmd,sisfha lghq;= ÈhqKq lr.eksug Wmldr lr yels hehs uyckhd i,lkq,nk fhdackd w;r" wmrdo fya;=fjka ±ä f,i msvdjg m;a m%foayj, wdrcidj ms<sn yeõsu ÈhqKq lsíu i yd fmd,sia uqr ixpdr m%udkh by< heùu" wdrjq,a i yd ueèy;aj tajd úi fï jvd;a hym;a hdka;%k ielisu iy iïm;a yd m%;s,dn idodrk f,i fnod yeíu iy;sl lsífï hdka;%k ielisu" orekq wmrdo.ek jd¾;d lsíu msksi fhdod yels ÿrl:k ud¾.hla ia:dms; lsíu" wdrjq,a iu:hlg m;a l< yels wdldrfha l%shdldí m%cd ueèy;aùu yd wdrcidj j¾okh msksi fhdod yels fjk;a l%shd ud¾. o fõ' iuyr lkavdhï yd ne Kq".sks wú fhdod f.k isÿ l< >d;k j,g wk;=rej tllg miq tlla ne.ska >d;k /ila fõ.fhka isÿ jk nj;a" tajd tlu isÿùï oduhlg iïnkao nj;a olakg we;' 3 ku.sh mqoa.,fhl= >d;khg,laùfuka wk;=rej" tn iuhla Wodùu isÿ fj;ehs wfmacid l< yels w;r" m%pkav l%shd mek ke.sug m%:u th ksjd ±óu i yd l%shd ud¾. hq;=h' tu l%shd ud¾. w;r" m%;súreoao lkavdhï w;r m<s.eksï wdrïnùug fmr" m%foay mícid fldg" wú w,a,d.eksfï fufyhqï l%shdjg fh u o úfgl fhdod yel' ikakoao wmrdo isÿjk wk;=reodhl wjia:d j, m%;sl%shd ±la yels wdldrfha ÈhqKq mqyqkq l%u wjyh nj fmd,sish jd¾;d lf<ah' w;awvx.=jg.eksug.sh wjia:djkays iellrejka yd fmd,sia ks,odíka hk fomd¾yjhg urkhg m;aùfï isÿùï u.ska fuh ;yjqre fõ' ikaksfõok yd jd¾;d ;nd.eksfï ;dlaikh n fmd,sia WmlrK yd wdrcis; we ïo" fmd,sish i;=j fkdue;s nj.ekqks' lsishï kj WmlrKhla imhkafka kï" tajd Ndú;d lsíu i yd ks,odíka mqyqkq lsíu o wjyh fõ' uehs 26" ud;r wdfrda.h Yd,dfõ WmfoaYk wêlrk ffjoh ks,odí" ffjoh t,a'î'tï' m%kdkaÿ uy;d iu. l< iïuql idlépdj' 5

7 fmd,sish i;= m%;sl%shd ±laùfï yelshdj ÈhqKq lsíug kï jeä r: jdyk m%udkhla yd ks,odíka wjyh jk nj fmd,sish iu. lghq;= lrk rcfha fomd¾;fïka;= ks,odíka úiskao fmkajd fokq,eîh' orekq ;¾ckj,g uqyqk lghq;= lrk" jk wdrcil fomd¾;fïka;=j yd jk Ôù fomd¾;fïka;=j n rdch wdh;k i yd jvd;a fyd mqyqkqjla yd w;sf¾l iydh iemhsu u.ska tls fomd¾;fïka;= ks,odíka uqyqkfok urk yd wk;=rg m;aùfï wjodku wvq l< yel' ffoksl isÿùï j, fmd,sisfha ueèy;aùfï yd m%;sl%shd ±laùfï iajndjh i;=gqodhl uügul mj;sk kuq;a" yèis wjia:d yd nrm;, wmrdo j, m%;sl%shd ±laùu yd ueèy;aùu fndfydaúg ÿ¾j, ;ekl mj;sk nj fmks hhs' fmd,sia fiajdj m%;sixialrkh fldg ta ms<sn uyck wdl,amh jvd;a iqnjd lsíu i yd m%h;ak orñka ;sfnk kuq;a" ck;dj w;ßka nyq;rhla fmd,sish hkq úyajdihg iy wdld¾hciu wdh;khla nj úyajdi lrk nj fmks hhs' mícik yd hqla;sh mi,su nrm;, wmrdo i yd oëqjï meñkùug j¾;udkfha fhdod.kq,nk l%ufõofha we;s ld¾hciu;dj.ek uyckhd ieysulg m;aj fkdisá;s' n,dfmdfrd;a;= yels f,iskau" Tjqyq.sks wú fhdod wmrdo isÿ lrk mqoa.,hkag" ±ä oëqjï fokq ±lsug reñ fj;s'.sks wú fhdodf.k lrkq,nk wmrdo o we;= orekq.kfha wmrdo uev,su i yd ld¾hciuj yd id¾:l f,i idodrkh bgq lsífuys,d ne Kq.eg iuqyhla iócikh ;=< y kd.kakd, ' my; ±lafjk oe bgqùu wjyh nj tys meyeè,s ' - wmrdo mícik ÈhqKq l%u yd fmd,sish úiska idcis yeisrùfï b;d by< wjxl Ndjhla m%o¾ykh lsíu - wêlrkhg bèßm;a lrkq,enq rdch Ndrfha jq lsishï.sks wla wia:dkùu je<elaùu yd tfia wia:dk jq úfgl ta ms<sn mícik isÿ lsíu - wêlrkhg bèßm;a l<.sks wú ms<sn rcfha ri mícil jd¾;d bèßm;a lsífï lafia;%h ÈhqKq lsíu ta i yd ld¾h ukav,fha ;j;a wh mqyqkq lsíu iy yelshdjla mj;s kï" rcfha ri mícil fomd¾;fïka;=j m<d;a uügug úuoh lsíu -.sks wú yd ne Kq wjia:djkao we;= j >d;k yd ;=jd, iïnkaoj fjdaydßl ^forensic& mícik meje;aùug yelshdj we;s mqoa., ixlhdj yd myiqlï j¾okh lsíu - kvq läkïj f.dkq lsíu i yd yd Widú ;=< f.dv.eis we;s kvq ixlhdj wvq lsíu msksi" ks;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=fõ jmißh ÈhqKq lsíu 6

8 - ±kg mj;akd ;onoh wvq lsíug iy jerèlrejka mqkre;a:dmkh lsíu i yd jeä wjodkhla fhduq lsíug;a" yelsjk msksi nkaokd.dr fiajdjka ;=<g wdfhdackh lsíu n,m;% ksl=;a lsíu l,lg fmr foaymd,lhkag ksl=;a fldg" miqj Tjqka úiska Tjqkaf.a wkq.dñlhkag,nd fokakg we;ehs ie,flk.sks wú ukd f,i md,khlg k;= lsíu wjyhh hk yeõsu iudch ;=< mej;sk' fuu.eg j ksrdlrkh lsíu u.ska uyck úyajdih we;s lsíu i yd uõ mefokq we;'.sks wú n,m;%hla w ;a lsíug wfmdfydi;aùu fjkqfjka muqkqjkq,nk ov uqo," fjkqjg ta i yd jvd;a m%n, oëqjula meñkùug lghq;= fhèh hq;=h' n,m;% w ;a lsíug wfmdfydi;aùu ms<sn j oëqjï muqkqjd".sks wú,shdmèxñh Èß.ekaùu i yd tajd m%isoaêhg m;a l< hq;=h' tla flaj, b,ä ï m;%hla ms<sn j lghq;= lsíu i yd úúo md¾yjhka.kkdjla yjq,a jk neúka' wod< md¾yjhka w;r f;dr;=re.,d hdu fõ.j;a lrk f,i;a" m%odk iïnkaëlrk uügu ÈhqKq lrk f,i;a fhdackd flf¾' f;dr;=re iemhq mqoa.,hka újd;j woyia ±laùug mels K kuq;a" mqoa.,sl n,meï fhdodf.k.sks wú n,m;a,nd.eksug ;e;a lsíu ms<sn.eg o mej;sks' cd;sl uügfï mj;sk ;;a;ajhg jvd m%dfoaysh uügfï.sks wú n,m;a ksl=;a lsífï rgdj jvd;a ±ä iajndjhla a nj ±lsh yels jq w;r" w;s;fha isÿ jq m%udkhg jvd n,m;% wvq m%udkhla j¾;udk md,kh hgf;a ksl=;a fjñka mj;sk njo i yka l< yel' fuh hym;a,cikhla nj ieneh' tfy;a j.lsj ;k;=re fydnjk mqoa.,hdf.a ;rd;sru fkdn,d ±ä f,i l%shd;aul jk rgdjla fjkqjg olakg,efnkafka jeoa ;k;=re ord isák mqoa.,hkaf.a wnsu;hg wkqj n,m;% ksl=;a lsífï rgdj fn,yskùfï iajndjhls' fuh ie,ls,a,g fhduq hq;= lrekls' /ia lsíu" laiudj yd ±kqj;a lsíu fuhg fmr jq laiud jevigyka ckhdf.a wjodkhg,la fkdjqjd yel' ke;fyd;a" wkdrcis;nj ms<sn yeõsu ksid iy j.lsj hq;= wdh;k flfrys úyajdihla fkdue;slu ksid isñ; msßila mukla th ms<sa;d o yel' wdhqo /ia lsíu fyda laiud jevigyka ms<sn hï m%fndaohla mej;sh o" jvd;au ydkshg m;a m%foayj, mèxñ ckhd úiska mejiq wdldrhg" fmd,sish yd wfkl=;a rdch wdh;k flfrys úyajdih f.dv ke.suo we;= j".sks wú whq;= f,i mßyrkh lsíug yd wkdrcis; njg u. mdok idol bj;a fldg ;;a;ajh jvd;a j¾okh lsíulska f;drj" uyd mßudkfhka.sks wú /ialr.eksula fyda,shdmèxñ lsíula n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdyel' flfia fj;;a uyd mßudkfha.eg j,g fya;= mdol jk" m<mqreÿ wmrdolrejka w; /.sks wú ljrdldr laiud jev igyka 7

9 hgf;aj;a" tl;= lsíula isÿ fkdjk fyhska" ckhd ;u.sks wú fmd,sisj,g Ndr u ms<sn j iel ixld m< lrk nj fndfyda fokdf.a woyih' jk ixrcik fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iy jk Ôú fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,odíka ìh.ekaùu i yd wú Ndú;h lsíu jeks ixúê; wmrdo i yd iïnkaohla fkdue;s" wk;=reodhl iq wú yd ieye,ä wú úkdy lsíu flfrys wkd uyck jhdmdr j, wjodkh fhduq l< yels w;r" tys Èia;%slalfha iuyr m%foay ;=< isÿjk wdldrfha" ksrka;rfhka mqoa.,hkag ;=jd, isÿ flfrk" n k ;=jlal= flfrys úfyai wjodkh fhduq l< hq;=h' wjia:djka wysñùu yd m%pkav;ajh w;r we;s wfkhdkh iïnkaoh úiska meyeè,s lrkq,nk tla lrekla jkqfha" wkdrcis; m%foay ixj¾okh lsíu b,lal lra jev igyka wjyhj mj;sk njh' ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú Ndr u fjkqfjka Rcq ;Hd. m%odkh lsíu fyda fkdtfiakï b,lal m%cd ixj¾ok jev igyka u.ska wdrcidj ;yjqre lsífï m%cd odhl;aj m%fõyhla fyda tu jev igyka ;=< wka;¾ hq;=h' b,lal lkavdhï ksfhdackh lrñka iynd.s jq mqoa.,hkaf.a woyiaj,g wkqj" ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú mßyrkh wvq lsíu wruqkq lra laiud jev igykla fyda fjk;a l%shd ud¾.hka fyda Ndú;hg fh fï " ta iu.u ±kqj;a lsífï taldnoao jevigykla o l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' tys ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú ysñlrejkaf.a wú,shdmèxñ lsífï we;s fhda.h;dj.ek Tjqkag ta;a;=.ekaùfï yelshdj we;s" m%foayh ;=< ±kg l%shd;aul jk úyajdiksh m%dfoaysh ixúodko yjq,a lr hq;=h' m%cdjf.a wdrcidj ÈhqKq lsífï " m%cd ixúodk i;= N+ñldj.ek o Tjqyq wjodrkh l<y' udoh jd¾;dlrkh yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha iq wú yd ieye,ä wú.eg j.ek ±lafjk udoh jd¾;d ysõ nj wjodkhg,la jq w;r" tu m%foayfha mèxñ l=i,;d iys; udohfõ ka ixlhd;aulj wvqùuo Bg fya;= jkakg we;s nj ie,fla' iq wú yd wmrdo ms<sn j jd¾;d ielisug m%dfoaysh jd¾;dlrejka mqyqkq lsíu ;=<ska" iq wú yd ieye,ä wú ms<sn j jvd;a m%fhdackj;a úyd, udoh wdjrkhla iemhsh yels jkq we;' tfiau Tjqkaf.a yelshdj j¾okh ù th jeä jegqmla,nd.eksug u. i,id fokq we;' keu ±kqj;a lsífï jhdmdrhl fuh tys jeoa wx.hla jkq we;' ksoiqkla.ksuq'.sks wú yd iïnkao kvq ;Skaÿjla m%ldyhg m;a lsíu ±lafjk udoh jd¾;djla u.ska iq wú yd ieye,ä wú ks;s úfrdaëj ika;lfha ;nd.eksu yd whq;= f,i mßyrkh ms<sn ks;sh yd oëqjï.ek uyckhd ±kqj;a lsíug yd n,meula lsíug yelsfõ' f;d. l<ukdlrkh.sks wú 17"000 l tl;=jla" 2005 cq,s ui 8 jk Èk" ksoyia p;=ri%fha m%isoaêfha úkdy lsíu" iq wú yd ieye,ä wú yd ne Kq.eg úi fuys,d rcfha we;s wns,dih m%o¾ykh jq hym;a ld¾hhls' tla tla Èia;%slal ;=< we;s 8

10 úyd, wú f;d..ek ±kqj;a Ndjh f.dv ke.su i yd o fuu wjia:dj m%fhdackj;a ' ksyañ; wju ld, isudjla mkjd tu ld,isudfjka miq Èia;%sla f,alïjre Ndrfha.nvdj, we;s wú úkdy lsíu fhda.h fõ' Yla;su;a fodrlska yd oaj;aj w.= moao;shla u.ska fuu wú iys;.nvd j,g" idfmacij wdrcidjla iemfhk kuq;a" ksis ld, igyklg wkqj wú úkdy lsíu u.ska tajd whq;= f,i mßyrkhg,laùfï wjodku yd Nhdkl wú wkjyh f,i /ialr ;eîuo j,ld yel' fmd,sia wú.nvd i yd iúu;a yd oaú;aj w.= iys; fodrj,a iú lsíu u.ska fmd,sisfha wdhqo f;d. i yd wdrcidj ÈhqKq lsíug l%shd lsíu fhda.h jk w;ru" ks;sm;d m%fhdackhg fkd.kakd.sks wú".nvdj ;=< ;eîug mshjr hq;=h' fmd,sish Ndrfha mj;sk iq wú yd ieye,ä wú w;sßla;hka ms<sn j ks;sm;d iudf,dapkh l< hq;= njg ks¾foay flfrk w;r ^fuh iq wú yd ieye,ä wú ;ud Ndrfha we;s ish rdch wdh;k úiska lsíu iqÿiqh'& tajd úkdy lsíu flfrys m%uql;ajh,nd Èh hq;=h' nrm;, m%ydrhla" fidrlula" isú,a le/,a,la fyda fmd,sia ia:dkfha ks,odßfhl=f.a jrola fya;=fjka tn wú wia:dk jqjfyd;a tu.ska uyck wdrcidjg isÿ yels ydksh w;s uy;ah' jkôú fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< wú i yd we;s.nvd myiqlï my< uügul mj;sk nj iócik lkavdhfï ksícikhg,la ' jk rcik fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ;;a;ajho fun u ùug bv we;' wkdfha.sks wú wia:dk ùu je<elaùfï mshjrhka f,i" uqyqÿ uügfuka m%udkj;a ;rï by< ia:dkhkays mukla wú.nvd f.dv ke.su" tajd jvd;a Yla;su;a fodr yd oaú;aj w.= iys;j wdrcis; lr.eksu iy.sks wú yd WKav i yd fjk fjku.nvd ie u l< yels ±hs i,ld ne,sh yel' cd;sl wdrcidj yd iïnkao lrekla jk fyhska" ikakoao fiajdjka úiska.sks wú f;d. wdrcidj ms<sn fhdod we;s úê úodk ms<sn we.hsul fh ug iócik lkavdhug ' ish rdch wdh;khkays" wú ms<sn.skqï ;nd.eksfï l%shdj,sh m%udkj;a ;rï Yla;su;a nj fmks.sfhah' tfyhskau th fjk;a w;sf¾l m%yakhla u;= lrhs' tkï.sks wú ks;s úfrdaë fj< fmd< lrd meñfkkafka flfiao@ hkakh' f;dr;=re yd ksícikh ish rdch wdh;k i;=j mj;sk wú yd ysñlrejka fkdue;s wú ms<sn ksjerè úohq;a o;a; igyka fkdue;slu úiska my; ±lafjk lrekq i yd ndod muqkqjhs' 9

11 - j.lsj hq;= ks,odíka ;=< ixj¾okh ms<sn ±kqu yd m%;sm;a;s flfrys m%;spdr ±laùu - mqoa.,hka fjkia jq úg wdh;k u;lh wysñùu je<elaùu" iy - w;ska jd¾;d ;eîu iu. nef k Y%ufha nr ieye,ä ùu' rch u.ska ksl=;a lrk,o.sks wú l<ukdlrkh ms<sn m%odk.eg ±lafjk meyeè,s Ñ;%hla f.dvk.d.eksug úfyaifhka ndod muqkqjk lrekq folla fõ' tkï rdch ks,odíka úiska mßyrkh lrkq,nk ish.sks wú iïnkao mj;sk úksúo Ndjfha isud yd c'ú'fm' le/,a,g miq foaymd,k{hkag ksl=;a l<.kkh lrkq fkd,enq.sks wú ms<sn ldrkh fõ' fuu.eg j úu¾ykh fldg jvd;a mdrodyh wdldrhg th úi ug fhda.h fõ' ikakoao wmrdo fya;=fjka ;=jd, isÿjqjka ms<sn o;a;.nvd fldg úyaf,aikh lsífï rgdjla" fi!lh wud;hxyh fyda fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska úêu;aj l%shdjg ke.sug lghq;= l<fyd;a" tu.ska" ikakoao wmrdo.eg j n,j;aj mj;skafka ljr m%foayj,o" tu.ska jvd;au msvdjg m;ajkafkda ljryqo hkak ms<sn jákd f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;s iïmdokhkayg,nd Èh yels jkq we;' ie,iqï ueèy;aùula i yd th jeoa mokula imhkq we;' ks;s úfrdaë iq wú jhdma;sh yd odußl l%shd i yd tajd Wmfhda.S lr.eksu md,kh lsíug ilikq,nk ljru jev igykl jqjo ld¾hlaiu;djh uek ne,sh yels ksícik hdka;%khlao tys yrh ;=< wvx.= jkq we;' f,dal fi!lh ixúodkfha" YdÍßl ydks je<elaùfï fomd¾;fïka;=j yd tlai;a cd;skaf.a ixj¾ok jevigyk hgf;a mj;sk taldnoao ikakoao wmrdo je<elaùfï jev igyk u.skao" fun wdldrfha o;a; /ialsíula l< hq;= njg ksyañ;ju lrekq olajd we;' tfyhska" fï jk úg;a l%shd;aulj mj;sk fi!lh$fmd,sia f;dr;=re moao;s ;=<g wka;¾.%ykh lr yels ikakoao wmrdo ksícik l%uhla f.dvke.su msksi odhl;ajh iemshsh yels wdodr lkavdhula.eksu" Y%S,xld rcfha wfmacidj jkq we;' tfiau" w;awvx.=jg a.sks wú" fmd,sishg wjyh iellrejka yd w;=reoyka mqoa.,hka ±lafjk úia;r /a o;a; jevigyka" ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú" wmrdo mícik lghq;= fyda úm;g m;ajqjka y kd.eksu i yd fhdod.eksfï yelshdjo mj;s' fia*¾ j¾,aâ ^Saferworld& hkq" rdchhka yd wka;¾cd;sl isú,a iudch tlaj" udkj wdrcidj yd ikakoao wmrdo je<elaùfï" kj Wmdh ud¾.hka ms<sn m¾fhaikh m%j¾okh yd tajd l%shdjg ke.su isÿ lrkq,nk" iajdëk" rdch fkdjk ixúodkhls' ks;s úfrdaë iq wú yd ieye,ä wú jhdma;shg tfrysj cd;sl fldñiu ^NCAPISA& ( UNDDA/UNDESA wdh;k" UNDP yd wdodr lkavdhïj, iyfhda.h iys;j" Y%S,xld rch" iq wú ms<sn cd;sl fldñiula ia:dms; lsíu foig 2002 j¾ifha " m%:u mshjr ;eîh' Y%S,xld rch" ks;s úfrdaë iq wú jhdma;shg tfrys cd;sl fldñiula ia:dms; lsíu" i yd 2003 cqks udifha 10

12 UNDDA/UNDESA hk wdh;k iu..súiqulg t<ôfhah' 2004 fkdjeïn¾ ui 5 jk Èk ksl=;a flrekq ckdêm;s úfyai ksfhda.hla u.ska" ks;s úfrdaëj isÿ flfrk iq wú iy ish wdldrfha wdhqo fj< du je<elaùu" tfrysj l%shd lsíu" iy uq,skqmqgd ±óu i yd jk tlai;a cd;skaf.a l%shdldí ie,eiau ^UN POA& wkqj hñka" Y%S,xldfõ ks;s úfrdaë iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo jhdma;sh ms<sn j lghq;= lsíu i yd jk cd;sl fldñiu ia:dms; lrk, ' 2005 jif¾ kj ckdêm;sjrfhla f;aí m;aùfuka wk;=rej" msysgjk,o j;auka rch" fldñifï wruqkq bgq lr.kq jia wjyh iyfhda.h,nd u u.ska tys l%shdldß;ajh i yd wlkavj wkque;sh,nd we;' Saferworld ks;s úfrdaë iq wú jhdma;shg tfrys The Grayston centre cd;sl fldñiu ^NCAPISA& 28, Charles sqïre ueèß wxl 5" London N1 6HT, UK wdrcil wud;hxy f.dvke.s,a," 15$5" nd,olai udj;" fld<u 3" Y%S,xldj Phone : +44(0) ÿrl:k ( 94^0& È.=j 279 Fax : +44(0) general@saferworld.org.uk Web : 11

13 1' ye skaùu úihm;h iy ixo¾nh ks;s úfrdaëj isÿ flfrk iq wú iy ish wdldrfha ieye,ä wdhqo fj< du" je<elaùu" tfrysj l%shd lsíu iy uq,skqmqgd ±óu i yd jk tlai;a cd;skaf.a ie,eiau hgf;a" iq wú yd iïnkao.eg j,g m%úiagùu i yd cd;sl ;,fha iïnkaëlrk wdh;khla jyfhka cd;sl fldñiï ind ia:dms; lsíug rdchhka úiska tlõ ù isà'bg wkqremj hñka" ks;s úfrdaë iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo jhdma;shg tfrysj cd;sl fldñiu ^NCAPISA& Y%S,xld ckdêm;sksh úiska 2004 Tlaf;dan¾ udifha msysgqjk, ' 2005 fkdjeïn¾ udifha meje;s ue;sjrkfha ckdêm;s OQrfha fjkiaùu fya;=fjka kj ckdêm;sjrhdf.a ksfhda.hla u.ska fuu ks;s úfrdaë iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo jhdma;shg tfrys cd;sl fldñiu 2006 fmnrjdß udifha h<s ia:dmkh flßk' fldñiu msysgqùfïos th i;= jq j.lsï w;r my; ±lafjk wx. o ' tkï ( - ks;s úfrdaë iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo tl;= lsífï l% shdldß ie,eiaula ilia fldg th l%shdjg fh u -.sks wú wdy%s; wmrdo j,g m%;sl%shd ±laùu i yd we;s ffk;sl iy wêlrk ieleiau j¾okh lsífï fhdackd f.k tau - ks;s úfrdaë wdhqo iafjépdfjka Ndr u fjkqfjka laiudj,nd fï l%uhla ielisu - rdch fkdjk ixúodko we;= wdh;k j,ska wjyh ;dciksl iydh,nd.eksu' - ks;s úfrdaë iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo iemhqï uq,dy% y kd.eksu iy tu iemhqï ud¾. M,odhl f,i kj;d ±ófï úêl%u fhdackd lsíu' fuu wruqkq bgq lr.eksfuys,d ks;s úfrdaë iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo jhdma;shg tfrys cd;sl fldñifï n, wêldß isudj ;=< w;am;a lrf.k we;s" m%;hcij fmfkk m%sh fuu iócikh u.ska ksremkh fõ' th iïmq¾k lsíu i yd" iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo ms<sn w.aks È. hqfrdamd ksialdik uohia:dkh ^South East Europe Clearinghouse for Small Arms and Light Weapons& ^SEESAC& úiska wdjrkh lrkq,nk rgj, mj;sk iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo yd nef k cd;sl.eg w,,d ieliqkq m¾fhaik jd¾;d mßyrkh fldg fia*¾j¾,aâ ^Saferworld& wdh;kh úiska ÈhqKq l< l%ufõoh Wmfhda.S lr.kakd, ' 12

14 iócikh isñ; ld, mrdihla ;=< isÿ lrk,o w;r th" Y%S,xldfõ mj;sk ks;s úfrdaë iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo.eg ms<sn j flfrk mq¾k cd;sl iócikhl kshuq wèhrhla jyfhka ie,lsh yel' tfyhska th yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh flfrys úfyais;j wjodkh fhduq lrñka" iq wú iy m%cd wdrcidj ms<sn j úu¾ykh fldg my; i yka YS¾I yd iïnkao f;dr;=re bèßm;a lrhs' tkï ( - Èia;%slalh ;=< iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo jhdma;sh - th iudch u; - iq wú" wdrcidj iy ixj¾okh ms<sn uyck yeõsï flfrys úfyai wjodkh fhduq lrñka - isÿ lrkq,nk n,meu - y kd a.eg wvq lsíug iy mqfrdal:kh l< yels wkdh ;=< Èia;%slalfha ks;s úfrdaë iq wú md,kh lsíug Y%S,xld wdkavqfõ iy wfkla l%shdldßkaf.a we;s yelshdj l%ufõoh - iócikfhka wkdjrkh jk lrekq mokï lr.ksñka" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha ;;a;ajh j¾okh lsíu i yd yels M,odhl l%shd ud¾. fuu iócikh i yd f;dr;=re /ia lsíu i yd úê l%u y;rla Ndú;d lrk, ' mqkícikh - fuu lafia;%h w,,d fuhg m%:u t<s ±la ù we;s m%ldyk.euqßka iudf,dapkh lsíu i yd iócikfha wjodkh fhduq lrk, ' b,lal lkavdhï - iq wú" wdrcidj iy ixj¾okh.ek m%dfoaysh m%cdjf.a yeõsï ms<sn iúia;rd;aul.=kd;aul wjfndaohla,nd.eksfï wfmacidfjka hq;=j úkdä 90 isg úkdä 180 la olajd meje;=kq b,lal lkavdhï idlépd yhla fhdod.kakd, ' fuu lkavdhï".%dóh msßñka".%dóh ldka;djka" jhdmdßl mqoa.,hska" iq ;r m%cdj" kd.ßl msßñka iy kd.ßl ldka;djkaf.ka iukaú; ' udoh úyaf,aikh - yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalhg iïnkao iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo ms<sn i yka udoh jd¾;d ksícikhla isÿ lrk, ' iócikhg fmrd;=j 13

15 wjqreoaol ld,hla ;=< m%ldys; m%jd;a;s m;% yhl 4 jq ksyañ; m%odk mo /a ish jd¾;d flfrys iócikfha wjodkh fhduq lrk, ' f;dr;=re iemhq m%odk mqoa.,hska iu. iïuql idlépdj ( - ks;s úfrdaë iq wú md,kfha m%odk fldgialrejkaf.a woyia uek ne,sug;a" wod< f;dr;=re yd ixlhd f,alk.eksug;a" tfukau Èia;%slalh ;=< we;s ks;s úfrdaë iq wú md,kh yd nef k idol iy há;, jhqyh mícidjg,la lsíu;a i yd f;dr;=re iemhq m%odk mqoa.,hska iu. iïuql idlépd 40 lg wêl ixlhdjla mj;ajk, ' fï wdldr m¾fhaikhla isÿ lrkq,nk úg o;a;,nd.eksu i yd fia*¾j¾,aâ ^Saferworld& wdh;kh" iudkhfhka fhdod.eksug m%sh lrk.dy uq,sl m%yak ud,djla fkdue;slu fuys úfyaifhka lems fmfka' isñ; ld, mrdih fya;= fldg f.k fuh l< fohla fkdjqfha kï" l%ufõoh ;=<g fuu wx.ho we;=,aùug bv lv ;snqks' ie,iqï lr we;s cd;sl iócikh i yd fun m%yak ud,djla we;=<;a fjkq we;' ixo¾nh ;=< yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh Y%S,xldfõ ol=kq fjr< nv ;Srej Èf.a msysgd we;s yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh j¾. lsf,da ógr 2609 la m%foayhla wdjrkh lrñka me;sr isà' 5 tys ck.ykh jk 6 523"370 la w;ßka ishhg mkylg wdikak m%;sy;hla ldka;dfjda fj;s' 7 Èia;%slalfha /lshd úrys;ndjfha m%;sy;h o< jyfhka ishhg 11 ls' 8 tla uq,dy%hlg wkqj Y%S,xldfõ Èia;%slal 25 w;ßka f;jeks È<s ;u Èia;%slalh yñnkaf;dg jk w;r tys ck.ykfhka ishhg 32 la È<skaoka f,i j¾.slrkh lr ;sfí' 9 ks, ixlhd f,alk m%ldy lrk wkaoug Èia;%slalfha ck.ykfhka 4 oskm;d iy brsod,xldosm ^mqoa.,sl ysñldß;ajh iys; isxy,& ÈkñK iy is ñk ^isxy," rch u.ska md,k lrkq,nk f,ala yjqia wdh;kh& The Island iy Sunday Island ^bx.%sis mqoa.,sl ysñldß;ajh& 5 wka;¾ cd;sl c, l<ukdlrk wdh;kh" yïnkaf;dg idudkh ;;a;ajhg wdmiq f.k tau ol=kq È. Y%S,xldfõ" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha myapd;a iqkdñ /lshd wjyh;d ;lafiare lsíu ^2005& Final tsunami report pdf, p ix.kkh u; mokïj' Y%S,xld wdkavqfõ ck yd ixlhdf,alk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ck.yk ixlhdf,alk n,kak' /population/index.htm. iy ta iu. we;s úyaf,aikh l< o;a; i yd" 2006 cqks 2 od ilik,o /population/tables.pdf 7 wka;¾ cd;sl c, l<ukdlrk wdh;kh yïnkaf;dg idudkh ;;a;ajhg wdmiq f.k tau ol=kq È. Y% S,xldfõ" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha myapd;a-iqkdñ /lshd wjyh;d ;lafiare lsíu ^2005& final tsunami report ,pdf, p.2 8 oßø;dj ms<sn m;%sld" ck yd ixlhdf,alk fomd¾;fïka;=j 9 wka;¾ cd;sl c, l<ukdlrk wdh;kh yïnkaf;dg idudkh ;;a;ajhg wdmiq f.k tau ( ol=kqè. Y%S,xldfõ yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha myapd;a-iqkdñ /lshd wjyh;d ;lafiare lsíu ^2005& 14

16 ishhg 97 la isxy,o" ishhg 2 la uqia,sï o ishhg 1 la fou< o fõ' 10 fndfyda fofkla Y%S,xldfõ ol=kq m%foayh i,lkafka udlaiajd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqkg ^JVP& ft;sydislj m%d:ñl wdodrl moku ie,iq m<d;la jyfhks' tu mcih 1971 ish m%:u rdch úfrdaë le/,a,.eiq wjia:dfõ 8000 la 10"000 ka w;r ixlhdjlg Ôú; wysñ jq rg mqrd me;sr.sh m%pkav l%shdj, ;ukaf.a fldgi w;aú ug yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha k.rj,g isÿ' 11 c'ú'fm' B<Õ ;%ia;jd le/,a, 1987 wdrïn ù 1989 fkdjeïn¾j, wjidk jk úg tu.ska mqoa.,hska 60"000 lg wdikak ixlhdjla urkhg m;aj ;sìk' tfyhska Y%S,xld wdkavqj iy oñ< B<dï úuqla;s fldá ^LTTE& ixúodkh w;r mj;sk È.= ld,sk.egqu fya;=fjka idfmaci jyfhka w;jrhg m;a fkdjqko" foaymd,k wruqkq /a ikakoao m%pkav l%shd fya;=fjka yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh ft;sydislj msvd ú we;' 2004 foieïn¾ 26 od Y%S,xldfõ fjr<dikak m%foay nyq;rhlg uy;a úkdyhla f.k ÿka iqkdñ r< myßkao Èia;%slalhg nrm;, ydks isÿ ' Y%S,xld wdkavqfõ ixlhd o;a;j,g wkqj iqkdñ úm; fya;=fjka Èia;%slalfha 4500 la muk ck msßila urkhg m;a jqy' 12 ;j;a mqoa.,hska 46"998 la wj;eka jqy' ^ydkshg m;a Èia;%slal w;r miajk úyd,;u ixlhdj&' 13 kj ksjdi úyd, ixlhdjla fõ.fhka h<s bèlsíu" ixpdrl lghq;= iy wfkl=;a há;, myiqlï m%;siagdmkh lsíu;a iu. Èia;%slalh h<s;a Yla;su;a f,i mk,nd ke.s isáfhah' 14 2 jhdmd;sh m¾fhaik lkavdhu fj;g,enqkq f;dr;=re m%udkhg wkqj n,k l< yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha ish ldrlhka i;=j mj;sk ks;hdkql+, iy ks;s úfrdaë iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo ms<sn j fuu fldgfia úia;r flf¾' final tsunami report ,pdf, p.2 10 yïnkaf;dg Èid f,alï ld¾hd,fhka,nd a 2005 iema;eïn¾ ui 01 Èke;s ixlhdf,alk 11 wd¾'.=kr;ak Sri Lanka : A lost Revolution, ^uykqjr" uq,sl wohhk wdh;kh" 1990 ^3e, 2001& msgqj Y%S,xld rcfha fi!lh wka;¾cd, msgqj" 9'0 Tsunami 2004 Disaster uehs 22 od ilik, ' úl,am ixlhd o;a; bèßm;a fldg we;af;a wka;¾ cd;sl c, l<ukdlrk wdh;kfha yïnkaf;dg idudkh ;;a;ajhg wdmiq f.k tau ( ol=kq È. Y%S,xldfõ yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha myapd;a-iqkdñ /lshd wjyh;d we.hsu ^2005& msgqj 6 ±lafjk urkhg m;a jq njg iaór jq ñksiqka 3067 ;=jd, jq 361 iy w;=reoyka jq 963 weiqfrks' ^Èia;%sla wdmod l<ukdlrk lñgqj" 2005& 13 Y%S,xld wdkavqj - fi!lh wka;¾ cd, msgqj" tu 14 iqkdñh fya;=fjka ksjdi 2"733 la ydkshg m;a jq w;r" bka nyq;rh msysáfha ;x.,a, iy yïnkaf;dg m%d'f,a' fldügdy ;=<h' iqkdñhg wk;=rej fldgia w ;ajeähdj fyda mq¾k f,i f.dv ke.sug fmdfrdkaÿ jq ksjdi ixlhdj 4"514 ls' 2005 iema;eïn¾ 01 od jk úg tlõ jq ksjdi w;ßka 2"231 la wjika lr ;snqks' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd,fha 2005 iema;eïn¾ 01 Èke;s ixlhd f,alk j,sks' 15

17 isú,a jeishka i;= ks;hdkql+,.sks wú fnda. j¾. /l.eksu" i;a;aj md,kh fyda wúa fidrlï j,ska nexl= wdrcid lsíu i yd 2006 uehs ui jk úg.sks wú n,m;% 774 la yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh ;=< ksl=;a fldg ;snqks' 15 fun n,m;% ksl=;a lsíu m%dfoaysh uügñka isÿ flfrk w;r tla.sks wla i yd tla n,m;%hla ne.ska,nd foa' 16 n,m;%,;a.sks wú 774 ms<sn j¾.slrkh wxl 01 ork j.=fõ ±lafõ' 17 j¾.h ixlhdj j.d wdrcidj iy i;a;aj md,kh 703 uyck nexl=j 35,xld nexl=j 31 cd;sl b;sß lsífï nexl=j 05 tl;=j 774 wxl 1 j.=j - Èia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd,h úiska ksl=;a lrk,o n,m;% ixlhdj,nd yels jq f;dr;=re ;=<ska iuyr lrekq-tkï"-n,m;% iys; wdhqo ysñhka Èia;%slalh ;=< jhdma;j isák wdldrh" Tjqka úiska Ndú;d lrk wdhqo j¾.h" fyda jhi iy fuu wdhqo ysñlrejkaf.a,sxajh-fmkakqï fkdflf¾' Èia;%sla uügfï n,m;% ksl=;a lsífï j.lsï Wiq,k ks,odßhdg wkqj" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha n,m;%,dnska úiska Ndú;d lrk iïm%odhsl wdhqo w;rg" m;frdï ;=jlal=" ßmSg¾ j¾.fha ;=jlal= iy fnfy;a fldgk ;=jlal= o fõ' ksiamdolhska ms<sn WodyrK jyfhka nhsl,a ^Baikal&" iaàjkaika ^Stevenson& iy iefõê ^Savage& ±la yel' 18 fnda. j¾. wdrcidjg fyda i;aj md,kh i yd wú Ndú;d lsífï ks;hdkql+, wjyh;djla we;s njg y kd.kq,en we;s f.dùka" ish ;=jlal= i yd ks, n,m;%,nd.eksug melsf,k njla jd¾;d jk w;ru" mj;sk ks, OQrdj,sh flfrys Tjqka ;=< mj;akd l<lsíu ksid Tjqka fufia l%shd lrk njo jd¾;d fõ' 19 tfyhska tn wdhqo iy tajd Ndú;d lsíu ks;suh md,khg k;= lsíu wruqkq lra b,lal ±kqj;a lsífï jevigyka wdrïn lsífï wjyh;dj mj;s' isú,a mqrjeishka i;= n,m;% rys; wdhqo Èia;%slalfha msysá idfmaci jyfhka jvd;a wdrcis; m%foayj, Ôj;ajk isú,a ckhd w;r ;=jlal= mßyrkh fmdÿ,cikhla jyfhka ±lsh yels fkdfjk kuq;a úfyais; wruqkq u.ska fufyhjkq,nk mqoa.,hkaf.a lghq;=j,g tajd Ndú;d lrk 15 ksfhdað;hka iu. iïuql idlépdj" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd,h" 2006 uehs tu 17 tu 18 yïnkaf;dg f,alï ld¾hd,fha ksfhdað;hd iu. idlépdj 2006 uehs ksfhdað;hd iu. iïuql idlépd" ldisl¾uh" yïnkaf;dg" 2006 uehs 24 16

18 w;ru ksyañ; m%foayj, tajd jhdma;j mj;s' 20 n,m;%,nd.eksfï rgdfjka neyerj ovhu iy j.d ydks muqkqjk i;=ka úkdy lrkakka" uia msksi fydfrka i;=ka urd ouk mqoa.,hska" ks;s úfrdaë ±j cdjdrïlrejka iy or lmkakka" wmrdolrejka" ixúê; wmrdo j,g odhl jk lkavdhï iy l,a,s ^fidrlï" uqo,g ñks ueíï iy lxid j.dj jeks& ue;sjrk iy foaymd,k ìh.ekaùï iy m%pkav l%shdj, ksr;jkakka iy ks, mßyrkh i yd fuhg m%:u ksl=;a l< wdhqo wdmiq Ndr fkd mßyrkh lrñka isákakka yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú orkakka f,i ie,fl;s' ks;s úfrdaë ;=jlal= ksiamdolhka o fuu,ehsia;=jg tl;= l< yel' Y%S,xldj ;=<.sks wú ksiamdokh i yd lsisfjl=g;a wjir,nd fkdue;s jqjo.dydy%s; ksiamdè;.sks wú fyj;a.,algia iïnkao iuyr.eg yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh ;=< mj;s' 2005 j¾ih ;=< SASA-Net Y%S,xld wdh;kh úiska fufyhjk,o isú,a iudc ld;sldjf;ys fldgila f,iska yïnkaf;dg meje;a jq idlépdfõ lshejqkq wdldrhg Èia;%slalfha wnhka;rfha msysá ia:dkj, fun ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú ksiamdolfhda isá;s' 21 b,lal lkavdhï idlépdjg odhl jq mqoa.,hska úiska fuu lrekq h<s ;yjqre lrk,o w;r ylauk" fn,sw;a; iy j,iauq,a, m%foayj, fun ksiamdok isÿ lrk nj Tjqyq mejiqy' 22 wvq jeä jyfhka fnfy;a fldgk ;=jlal= w ;ajeähd lsíug yd ksmoùug wjyh yelshdj ieu.ulu isák lïu,alrejka i;= nj iïuql idlépdjg iynd.s jq tla wfhla mejish' ;=< iqßh jej" ùrleáh iy wïn,kaf;dg m%foayj,ska ks;s úfrdaë wdhqo ksiamdolhska ;sfofkla a w;r" ;x.,a," j,iauq,a, iy l;r.u m%foayj, msmsreï øjh ksiamdolhka l%shd;aul jk njo ^yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha W;=re fldgfia& fy<s ' 24.,algia ;=jlal= l ie u i yd lïu,alrejka úiska fjk;a ;=jlal= fldgia - iuyr wjia:dj, ;=jlal= ngj, È. wvq lsíu i yd fldgila lmd oud - fyda tfia ke;skï nyq,j,nd yels c, k, iy merks fudßia uhsk¾ fudag¾ r:j, iqlaldkï okav fhdod.kakd nj lshfõ' 25 myiqfjka,nd yels keu WKav j¾.hla fhdod yels wdldrhg.,algia ks¾udkh lrkq,efí' ta wkqj fndar 12 fyda fndar 16 ;=jlal= m;frdï iy jeä jyfhka T-56 m%ydrl rhs*,a WKavo Ndú;d l< yels.dydy%s; ;=jlal= ms<sn WodyrK Èia;%slalh ;=<ska,efí' 26 à lgia ^T-56 WKav fhdok.,a lgia& wdhqo Ndú;h jeäùu u.ska.,algia wdhqo h,amskq tajd njg m;afldg we;s nj ñoafoksfha ;rekfhda mejiqy' T-56 WKav myiqfjka,nd.eksug yels nj fuu.ska ;yjqre jk njla fmfka' 27 tfiau T-56 m%ydrl rhs*,fha Ök udè,sh ^AK-47 tla 20 kd.ßl ldka;djka iu. b,lal lkavdhï idlépdj 21 SASA-Net isú,a iudc WmfoaYk l% shdj,sh 2005 È ol=kq m<df;ka a lrekq 22 kd.ßl ldka;djka iu. b,lal lkavdhfï idlépdj uehs 16" ;x.,a, isr f.or / l= iu. idlépdj' kd.ßl msßñka" kd.ßl.eyekq iy.%dóh msßñ iys; b,lal lkavdhï iu. l< idlépdj, o lïu,alrejka.,algia ksiamdokh lrkq,nk nj i yka ' uehs 30 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''wud;hxyfha fchiag ks,odßhl= iu. iïuql idlépdj uehs 24" ñoafoksh wi, ;rekhka iu. iïuql idlépdj 26 T-56 WKav Ndú;d lsíug yels f,i ielisu ms<sn mq,a f,i m%ldy ' Wod (.%dóh msßñka iu. l< b,lal lkavdhï idlépdj uehs 24" ñoafoksh wi, ;rekhka iu. iïuql idlépdj 17

19 m%fnaohls& wkqlrkh fldg tn wdhqo ksmoùfï yelshdj iuyr foaysh wdhqo ksiamdolhska úiska j¾okh fldg f.k we;s njo jd¾;d ' 28 Èia;%slalh ;=< we;s iuyr ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú c'ú'fm' ikakoao ke.sàï fol úiska Wreu lrÿka tajd nj fmfka' c'ú'fm' ler,s.eisï ms<sn iúia;r jd¾;d j,ska fmks hkafka ld,h ;=< yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha ^lsßkafoa" l=vdrdjk" m% md.drh fmfkk f;la udkfha& msysá l=l= f.dúm, mj;ajdf.k.sh uq,a c'ú'fm' idudðlhkaf.a fufyhùu ;=<ska iuyr.sks wú fydfrka Y%S,xldjg f.k tk,o njh' 29 iïuql idlépd j,g iynd.s jq iuyr mqoa.,hka m%ldy lf<a" c'ú'fm' ;%ia;jd le/,a, úiska wdhqo i yd cks; l< b,ä u imsíu i yd m%foayfha lïu,alrejka úiska.dydy%s; wdhqo ksiamdokh ÈhqKq ;,hlg f.k wd njh' 30 nhsfk;a;= iys; rhsm,a iy foayshj oshqkq l< fndaïn iy.sks wú ms<sn j wjodkh fhduq lrñka 1969 isg ler,slrejka uy;a Wkkaÿfjka ikakoaoùu wdrïn l< njg mj;sk jd¾;d i,lk úg" fuu lrek i;hhla ùug bv we;' wjika jk úg" c'ú'fm' m%d:ñl uügfï fndaïn 3000 la ñ,g f.k ;snq nj olakg we;s w;r" ish l%shdldßlhka u.ska mjhdma;j fndaïn ksiamdokh mqyqkq lsíï ixúodkh lrk, ' uq,a Nd.h jk úg c'ú'fm idudðl;ajh 100"000 blaujd ;snq w;r" ta ish fokdgu wdhqo ikakoao jk f,i m%isoaêfha ksfhda. lrk, ' 33 fï ish ;;a;ajhka ;sìh ;a" mcihg w;am;a lr yelsjqfõ 100"000lg fnfyúka wvq iq wú m%udkhls' 1971 ikakoao ke.sàu isÿ lrk,oafoa fkdèhqkq.sks wú iq ixlhdjla iu.sks' fuu ixlhdjg".,a lgia" fndar 12 fyda fndar 16 m;frdï ;=jlal= 34 w;afndaïn 35 m%d:ñl fndaïn rhs*,a iy ßfjda,ajr 36 wvx.= ' fuu jljdkqfõ yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfhys jq c'ú'fm' wdhqo m%udkh fld;rïo hkak fyda thska miqj tys fld;rï wdhqo ixlhdjla ùo hkak fyda meyeè,s ke;' c'ú'fm' ;%ia;jd le/,a, thg jvd nrm;, f,i ikakoao jq tlla nj fmfka' fuu ld,fha m%foayfha ;%ia;jd ka T-56 iy ßfjda,ajr j,ska ikakoaoj isá nj iïuql idlépdj i yd iynd.s jq tla wfhla mejish' uehs 17" fn,sw;a; fmd,sia ia:dkfha" fchiag ks,odßfhl= iu. iïuql idlépdj 29 wd¾'.=kr;ak" Sri Lanka ( A lost Revolution ^uykqjr" uq,sl wohdmk wdh;kh" 1990 ^3e" 2001& msgqj uehs 16" ksfhdað;hl= iu. iïuql idlépdj ks;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh' 31 wd¾'.=kr;ak" Sri Lanka : A lost Revolution ^uykqjr" uq,sl wohhk wdh;kh" 1990 ^3 e, 2001& msgqj 7 32 wd¾'.=kr;ak" Sri Lanka : A lost Revolution ^uykqjr" uq,sl wohhk wdh;kh" 1990 ^3 e, 2001& msgqj wd¾'.=kr;ak" Sri Lanka : A lost Revolution ^uykqjr" uq,sl wohhk wdh;kh" 1990 ^3 e, 2001& msgqj uehs 10" ks;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" ksfhdað;hd iu. iïuql idlépdj 35 wmsg i,a,s ;snqkg wjyh ;rï ;=jlal=hs,nd.kav wmg wjyh jqfka ke' b ysg,d fydr ;=jlal=jla folla ßfjda,ajrhs uqo,g.kav úèyla ;snqfka ke' ;=jlal= yß ßfjda,ajr yß uqo,g.kav wjyh n,m;% i,a,s j,g.kav wmsg bv,enqkg" tajd wfma Wjukdjg ieyqfka ke' ^---& ux ;SrKh flrejd jd;a;sh iñ;s l% shdldíka fndaïn j,ska ikakoao lrkav' ù'whsjka" 71 le/,a," ^fld<u" ¾.d m%ldyk" 1979" kej; uqøkh 2000& msgqj wd¾'.=kr;ak" Sri Lanka : A lost Revolution ^uykqjr" uq,sl wohhk wdh;kh" 1990 ^3 e, 2001& msgqj uehs 10 ks;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" ksfhdað;hd iu. iïuql idlépdj 18

20 ^yuqodfjka m<d.sh wh fuu wú iemhq uq,dy% jq nj úyajdi flf¾'& flfia fj;;a fuu u;hg m%;súreoao woyia o ' Èia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd,fha l,lg fmr fiajh l< n,m;% ksl=;a lrk ks,odßfhl= úiska mejiq wdldrhg" c'ú'fm' ;%ia;jd le/,a, w;r;=r iy 1989 th wjikaùfuka wk;=rej isÿ l< iafjépdfjka wú Ndr fï l%shd ud¾.hlska wk;=rej wdhqo" 1000 lg wêl ixlhdjla fmd,sia w;a wvx.=jg m;a ' 38 ßfjda,ajr" msiaf;da," ;ks ldkqfõ yd ldkq fofla m;frdï ;=jlal= iy.,algia Bg we;=<;ah' tu jljdkqfõ T-56 wú w;a wvx.=jg m;a fkdùh' 39 fuhska fmkakqï flrefka orekq >Kfha ;%ia;jd ka tlaflda ìhm;a jq nj fyda ñ,sgß udè,sfha wdhqo Ndr ug wlue;s jq njh' ke;fyd;a tu ld,fha Èia;%slalh ;=< tn wú ixirkh fjñka fkdmej;s njh' ks;s úfrdaë lghq;= i yd wú fhdoda lsisfjl= id¾:l f,i ksrdhqo fkdl< fyhska" ;%ia;jd le/,a, iufha jq ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú" ;ju;a ks;hdkql+, fkdjk wdldrhg Èia;%slalh ;=< ixirkh fjñka ;sîug fndfyda ÿrg bv we;s nj tla fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßfhla úyajdi lrhs' 40 foaymd,lhkag iy wfkla ks,odíkag ksl=;a lrk,o.sks wú ms<sn ixlhdf,alk,nd.eksug ' c'ú'fm' fojeks ;%ia;jd le/,a, iufha fufia rg mqrd ksl=;a l< wú ixlhdj o< jyfhka 11"000 la muk yels hehs mejfia' 41 ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú ms<sn úksúo Ndjh wvqfjkau olakg we;s fci;%h fuh fõ' flfia fj;;a" ks,odíkag ksl=;a lsífuka miqj rcfha md,kfhka neyer jq wdhqo ms<sn ksoiqkla iócikh lkavdhug,enqks' tkï ( ld,h ;=< m<d;a ind idudðlhkag ksl=;a lrk,o' 38 ßfjda,ajr fyda ñ'ñ' 9 msiaf;da, 53 la w;ßka 24 la ;ju;a wdmiq Ndr fkdue;' 42 foaymd,k{hska úiska fuu.sks wú ;u ióm ys;j;=ka fj;,nd we;s njg" iuyr mqrjeishka w;r yeõsula mj;s' lsysm fofkl= yer" f;dr;=re,nd ÿka iy b,lal lkavdhï idlépd fjkqfjka iynd.s jqjka w;ßka w;syh nyq;rhla m%ldy lrk,oafoa" Èia;%slalfha we;s" úfyaifhkau T-56 n ñ,sgß udè,sfha.sks wú ysgmq ikakoao fiajd mqoa.,hska iu..eg.eis mj;sk njh' 43 ikakoao fiakdxl i;=.sks wú flfrys we;s rcfha md,kh hym;a ;;a;ajhl mj;sk kuq;a" ikd: lsíu i yd Rcq idcis fkdue;s jqjo" LTTE hqo msáfhka,nda ñ,sgß udè,sfha.sks wú ms<sn j tn u md,khla mj;sk nj fmfkkakg ke;ehs iïuql idlépdjkag iynd.s jq fndfyda whf.a woyi ' 44 ;=jlal= ngfha w. fldgi lmd oud tys wkql%ñl wxlh uld 38 ysgmq.sks wú n,m;% ks,odí" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh 39 ysgmq.sks wú n,m;% ks,odí" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh uehs 19" ;x.,a, fldügdyh" fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßhd" iu. iïuql idlépdj 41 iañ;a c, in the shadow of a cease-fire : The Impacts of small arms:availability and misuse in Sri Lanka, (small arms survey occasional paper, 11 October 2003) ms' uehs 30" MODPSLO, fchiag ks,odßhd iu. iïuql idlépdj uehs 16" ;x.,a, fldügdyh" fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßhl= iu. iïuql idlépdj" 2006 uehs 17" fn,sw;a; fmd,sia ia:dkh" fchiag ks,odßfhla".d,a," lrdmsáh YSCIK frday," fchiag ks,odßfhla' kd.ßl msßñka iq ;r msßia".%dóh ckhd iy jhdmdßl m%cdj iys; b,lal lkavdhï idlépd' uehs 17" wõ=kfld, me,eiai fmd,sia ia:dkh" ksfhdað;hka iu. iïuql idlépd iy 2006 uehs 10" wdodr WmfoaYl" kd.ßl ckhd iu. b,lal lkavdhï idlépdj' 19

21 ouk,o T-56 ;=jlal= iuyrla w;awvx.=jg m;a.sks wú w;r ;snq nj iïuql idlépdj,g iynd.s jq fmd,sia ks,odíka fofofkla isys l<y' 45 fuu ks,odßka fuu.ska olajd isáfha" fooíu wvq lsíu i yd fï wdldrhg.sks wú fjkia lsíu t,aààb h úiska lrkq,nk fyhska" fuu wúo" tf,i t,a'à'à'b h úiska mßyrkh lrkakg we;s njh' yuqodfjka m,d hk mqoa.,hka u.skau fyda md;d, lkavdhïj, ixúodk cd,h Tiafia fïjd yïnkaf;dg lrd meñfkk nj fmdÿ úyajdih fõ' 46 fufyhqï isÿ flfrk m%foayj, isg ksjdvq,nd f.dv ìfuka meñfkk wjia:d j, iïmq¾kfhkau mícidjg,la fkdjk tn ikakoao yuqod idudðlhka úiska fuu wú /f.k tkq,nk nj iïuql idlépdj,g iynd.s jq tla wfhla mejish' 47 rcfha wdrcil yuqodjka i;= wú md,kh ms<sn ixlhd f,alkj, we;s úyajdiksh;ajh.ek m%yak l< iïuql idlépdjg iynd.s jq fjk;a whf.a woyia j,g wkqj m%dfoaysh wmrdolrejka Ndú;d lrk wdhqo t,aààb iy W;=re kef.kysr rdch ixñ; j,sks' Tjqkag,efnkafka' 48 fï ms<sn j tla fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßfhl= mejiq joka igyka lsíu jà' 90 oylfha wjidk Nd.fha wdrcil ;;a;ajh krl w;g fm<öu yuqfõ rch úiska hqo yuqod iy fmd,sia ks,odíkaf.a ixlhdj jeä lsíug lghq;= lf<ah' ;u wdhqo o /f.k m,d.sh iuyr ikakoao fiajd idudðlfhda fuu wdhqo wkjir isú,a mqoa.,hkag" fndfyda úg wmrdolrejkag úl=kd ;sfí' 49 fn,sw;a; m%foayfha wmrdolrejka flfrka w;am;a lra ñ,sgß udè,sfha wdhqo" ysñlrejka y kd.eksu wmyiqùu Wfoid wkq wxl bj;a lrk,o tajd fõ' 50 tfy;a 2005 ñoafoksh fmd,sish úiska w,a,d.kakd,o tn wdhqohla jjqkshdfõ msysá yuqod l jqrlg wh;a nj y kd.kakd, 51 fmd,sia n,ldhkag 1985 isg ksl=;a lrk,o' wdhqo ms<sn md,khla fkdue;sùu ks;s úfrdaë wú,nd.eksfï tla W,am;la nj iïuql idlépd j,g iynd.s jq iuyr mqoa.,fhda mejiqy' 52 fjk;a iuyr whf.a u;j,g wkqj ikakoao fiakdxl fyda fmd,sia ks,odíka úiska wdhqo noaog u ÈhqKq.sks wú iemhsfï ud¾.hls' flfia fj;;a iïuql idlépd i yd odhl jq yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha" fmd,sia iy.=jka yuqod ks,odíka lsisfjl=gj;a fun Ndú;djla ms<sn w;a±lsula,eîug wjia:dj,eî ke;' 53 fuu m¾fhaik jd¾;dj iliñka hk ld,h ;=< 54 yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha t,aààb l%shdldíka njg iel fldg w;awvx.=jg.eksï uehs 10" ks;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" ksfhdað;hka iu. iïuql idlépdj uehs 10" ks;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" ksfhdað;hka iu. iïuql idlépdj" kd.ßl ckhd iu. b,lal lkavdhï idlépdj" uehs 26" lrdmsáh YSCIK frday," ks,odíka iu. iïuql idlépdj uehs 17" fchiag ksfhdað;hl=" fn,sw;a; fmd,sia ia:dkh" 2006 uehs 17" fchiag ksfhdað;hl=" ñoafoksh fmd,sia ia:dkh iy 2006 uehs 26".d,a," lrdmsáh YSCIK frdayf,a ks,odßfhl= iu. iïuql idlépd 49 Y%S,xldj ;=< wú jhdma;sfha miqìu iy wúyrkh fmd,sia WmfoaYk /iaùu" 2005 iema;eïn¾ uehs 17" fn,sw;a; fmd,sia ia:dkh" fchiag ksfhdað;hl= iu. idlépdj uehs 17" ñoafoksh fmd,sia ia:dkh" fchiag ksfhdað;hl= iu. idlépdj uehs 17" fn,sw;a; fmd,sia ia:dkh" fchiag ksfhdað;hl= iu. idlépdj uehs 16" ;x.,a, fldügdyfha fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßfhl= iu. iy 2006 uehs 25" ùrú,.=jka yuqod uq,ia:dkfha fchiag ks,odßfhl= iu. l< iïuql idlépd 54 nkaokd.dr ks,odíka iu. iïuql idlépdj 20

22 ms<sn j jd¾;d lsysmhla m< jq kuq;a 2005 fyda 2006 ;=< yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfhka ;%ia;jdohg iïnkao urk.ek jd¾;d fkdùh' 55 miq.sh mia jirl ld,hla ;=< Èia;%slalfha fjr<ska Tífnys isg.sks wú fydfrka f.k tafï wjia:d lsisjla.ek ±k.eksug fkd,enqkq nj Y%S,xld kdúl yuqod ksfhdað;fhla mejish' yïnkaf;dg fjr< ;Srej wjg uqr ixpdrl lghq;=.d,af,a isg fufyhjk, ' tfy;a iïuql idlépd i yd iïnkao jq tla wfhla mejiqfha ol=kq fjr< Tiafia fydfrka wú f.k taug W;aidy lrk,oafoa kï th.eksfï bv lvla fkdmj;sk njh' 56 W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, isú,a jeishka.%dudrcilhka jyfhka ikakoao lsífï l%shdj,sh.ek ie,ls,a, fhduq l< isú,a iudc iy rdch ks,odíka w;ßka iïuql idlépdjg odhl jq wh mejiqfõ fufia ksl=;a lr we;s wdhqo rfü fjk;a m%foay j, úl=kd ±ófï yelshdjla mj;sk njh' 57 l;r.u m%foayhg ^yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh wdikakfhau msysá& f.k f.dia úl=kk,o tn wdhqohla.ek ;ukag ±kqula we;s nj f;dr;=re iemhq tla mqoa.,fhla mejish' 58 fun wdhqo ks;s úfrdaë f,i ixirkhg tlaùfï ksyañ; bvlvla mj;sk fyhska" tu.ska Y%S,xldj mqrdu wkd mrïmrdjkag wk;=reodhl Wreuhla ks¾udkh flfrkq we;' fun wú me;síu u.ska isú,a ckhd iy igkalrejka w;r mj;sk isud wk;=reodhl wdldrhg fnd ù hk w;r m%;sl%shd ±laùug m%udkj;a fkdjk wdldrfha wú /a wvq mqyqkqjla,o isú,a jeishka" wka;rdhg ksrdjrkh flfrkq we;' tfiau tla ckj¾.hlg wh;a msßila ikakoao lsíu" u.ska wfkla wh w;ro wdhqo i yd b,ä u f.dvke.sug fya;= jkq we;' ukaoh;a ;uka ;u wi,ajeishkaf.a wú n,hg ksrdjrkh ù isá;ehs hk yeõsu Tjqka ;=< ìys jk neúks' 59 Wml%ñl fya;= u; isú,a mqrjeishkag wdhqo fnod y, fjk;a rgj, ksoiqka u.ska meyeè,s jkqfha È.= ld,sk jyfhka me;srekq krl m%;sm, wdrcidj hk ixj¾okh flfrys n, md we;s njh' hqf.daia,ddj" we,afíkshdj iy we*a.ksia:dkh o ta rgj,a w;r fõ' 55 South Asia Terrorism Porta l Fatalities District-wise Distowise-2005.htm, htm, accessed 03 June 2006; South Asia Terrorism Portal Fatalities District-wise Distric wise-2006.htm, accesed 2006 June uehs 25" ùrú,.=jka yuqod uq,ia:dkh fchiag ks,odíka iu. iïuql idlépdj uehs 13" iq wú iy ieye,ä wdhqo ms<sn WmfoaYl iy 2006 uehs 18 iy 19" ;x.,a, fldügdyfha fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßfhl= iu. iïuql idlépd uehs 13" iq wú iy ieye,ä wú ms<sn ksoyia m¾fhailhl= iu. iïuql" idlépdj uehs 16" ;x.,a, fldügdyh" fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßfhl= iu. iïuql idlépdj 21

23 fmd,sia ia:dkh fnfy;a fldgk ;=jlal= m;frdï ;=jlal=.,algia l ka$n k ;=jlal= T-56 T-81 ldkq fofla ;=jlal= iajhxl%shj WKav msfrk tl;=j Kq.ï fjfyr l;r.u iqßhjej ;siaiuydrduh yïnkaf;dg j,iauq,a, ñoafoksh ;x.,a, wõ=kfld, me,eiai lgqjk ùrleáh wïn,kaf;dg yqx.u fn,sw;a; tl;=j j.=j 02 - ;x.,a, fldügdyfha fmd,sia ia:dk úiska jd¾;d lrk,o ks;s úfrdaë.sks wú whs;sh" 2005 iy 2006 ckjdß - uehs ;x.,a, fldügdyh u.ska w,a,d a wdhqo j¾. ^2005 iy 2006 ckjdrs-uehs& à-56 1] à-81 1] iajhxl%sh Wkav msfrk rhs*,a 1] ldkq fofla m;frdï ;=jlal= 1] l ka$n sk ;=jlal= 2] fnfy;a fldgk ;=jlal= 38].,a lgia 21] m;frdï ;=jlal= 35] 22

24 Èia;%slalh ;=< mj;sk ks;s úfrdaë wú w;ßka fmd,sish úiska nyq,ju.kq,enq.sks wú j¾. ms<sn ixlhd f,alk fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j i;=j mj;s" Èia;%slalh ;=< we;s fnfy;a fldgk ;=jlal=" m;frdï ;=jlal= iy l ka $ n k ;=jlal=j, n,mefï iajndjh.ek igyk u.ska ±lafõ' orekq.kfha wmrdolrejka úiska jvd;a leue;a;la ±la jq wdhqoh f,ig f;dr;=re,nd ÿka fndfyda wh úiska kï lrk,oafoa l,d;=rlska mukla w,a,d.kq,enqjo" T-56 m%ydrl rhs*,fha" tla wdldrhla jk Ak-47 nj igyka lsíu jà' hqo mqyqkqj,nd a fndfyda mqoa.,hskaf.ka iukaú; jq njg jd¾;d jk ixúê; wmrdo lkavdhï w; / wdhqo w,a,d.eksug fmd,sishg wmyiq ù ;sfí' tfyhska ks;s úfrdaë iq wú mßyrkh ;=< T-56 wdhqofha m%;sy;h" w,a,d.kakd,o wdhqo m%;sy;hg jvd úyd,h' fuu ;lafiarejg wdodrl jk m%ldyhla l< ud;r frdayf,a ksfhdað;fhl=g wkqj Tyq úiska mícikhg,la l<.sks wú wdy%s; urkj,ska nyq;rh isÿ ù we;af;a n,j;a wla jk m%odk jyfhka T-56 wdy%s;jh' 60.,algia fyda m;frdï ;=jlal= yd iïnkao isÿùï ixlhdj b;d iq m%udkhla nj Tyq jd¾;d l< w;r" 2001 Tyq ud;r isÿùï ms<sn j lghq;= lsíu wdrïn l< jljdkqfõ isg >d;k i yd Ndú;d lrk wdhqoh.,algiaj, isg T-56 olajd udre jq nj i yka lrk, ' 61 fuu.ska mejfikafka ;siai uydrduh iy yïnkaf;dg wdfrda.h Yd,d úiska lghq;= lrk,o T-56 wú u.ska jq ;=jd, fya;=fjka ñh.sh fyda ;=jd,,o ixlhdj wvq ixlhdjla jqjo" Èia;%slalfha b;sß m%foayj, jeä isÿùï ixlhdjl m%;sldr lsíu fyda wêlrk ffjoh mícik meje;aùu isÿ lrk,o njh' 62 wmrdolrejka úiska m;frdï ;=jlal=j, isg T-56 Ndú;h olajd udreùula ksícikh l< yels nj tla fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßfhla mejish' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh ;=< T-56 wú ;a w;r m%udkhla we;s njg.kkh l< yels nj tla fchiag ks,odßfhla mejish' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh ;=< fuu wdhqo,eîfï iemhqï uq,dy%h yuqodj yer m<d.shjqka hehs úyajdi flf¾' 63 T-56 u.ska jq ;=jd, isÿ lsíï ud;r frdayf,ka muklao" ^fn,sw;a;" ùrleáh" j,iauq,a, fyda ;x.,a, m%foayj, idudkhfha yg.kq,nk& 64 ;j;a iq m%udkhla yïnkaf;dg ^m%odk jyfhka iqßh jej& m%foayfhkao jd¾;d jqjo" ;siaiuydrdufhka lsisÿ isÿùula jd¾;d fkdùu o u.ska meyeè,s jkqfha fuu wú ixirkh úyd, jyfhkau isud ù we;af;a yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha ngysr fldgfia msysá fuu jvd;a lroldß ia:dkhkays njh' iqßh jej ksfhdackh l< b,lal lkavdhï msßia ish m%foayfha ks;s úfrdaë T-56.sks wú mj;sk nj ;yjqre l<y' 65 f;dr;=re,o ud¾.h úihh fj< jákdlu ^,xld remsh,a&,nd yels wdldrh uehs 26"ud;r frday," ks,odßfhl= iu. idlépdj uehs 25 Èk ;siaiuydrdu frdayf,a fchiag ks,odßfhl= iy 2006 uehs 23 Èk yïnkaf;dg uq,sl frdayf,a ks,odßfhl= iu. l< iïuql idlépdj uehs 16" ;x.,a, fldügdyh" fchiag fmd,sia ks,odßfhl= iu. iïuql idlépdj uehs 16" ud;r frdayf,a ks,odßfhl= iu. iïuql idlépdj uehs 26" kd.ßl msßñka iy ldka;djka iu. isÿ l< b,lal lkavdhï idlépdj 23