1. New Entry: Han Dynasty 2. What do you already know about Han China?

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1 1. New Entry: Han Dynasty 2. What do you already know about Han China? EQ: How does the Han Dynasty fit into our model of a Classical Civilization? By the end of class are objectives are to: - describe the rise and rule of the Han Dynasty - examine Han government structure - characterize Han technology, commerce, and culture

2 Etymology of Dynasty Dynasty succession of rulers from same line or family French dynastie Latin dynastia Greek dynasteia power, lordship dynastes ruler, chief dynasthai have power

3 Why do we care where our words come from? What does it tell us? What does it prove? What does it help us understand? How could it help us in our writing?

4 Han Dynasty The Han Dynasty expanded China s borders and developed a system of government that lasted for centuries. How did they expand? What system of government? Classical civilization? Compare and contrast with the Roman Empire and Greece.

5 Background Qin Dynasty had unified China under the leadership of Shi Huangdi, but after his death his son proved to be an ineffective leader and China s government fell apart. Peasants were bitter over years of high taxes, harsh labor quotas, and a severe penal system and rebelled.

6 Founding of the Han Dynasty: Xiang Yu aristocratic general let warlords keep territories if they acknowledged him as their feudal lord Aristocrat member of the highest social class Feudalism labor and military service offered to a lord in return for use of land Liu Bang one of Xiang Yu s generals

7 Liu Bang vs. Xiang Yu

8 Liu Bang vs. Xiang Yu: Liu Bang turned against Xiang Yu Last battle fought in 202 B.C. Liu Bang won declared himself emperor Start of the Han Dynasty Ruled China for over 400 years Huge influence on China people of the Han What goals do you foresee Liu Bang having?

10 Liu Bang s Goals: Destroy rival kings power Establish a centralized government Change policies of legalism Lowered taxes Softened harsh punishments What impact do you think this had on the people living in the empire?

11 The Empress Lϋ: Liu Bang s wife After his death she becomes the real ruler Their son was the emperor in name only Later she named two infants emperor to maintain power She was not Liu Bang s only wife and others tried to seize power After her death her remaining relatives were executed as Liu Bang s family came back to power

13 Wudi: Liu Bang s great-grandson centralizing policies 141 to 87 B.C. - longer than any other Han emperor Martial Emperor expanded empire through war Xiongnu was major enemy Took hostages and stole grain, livestock, and other valuable items Early Han emperors tried to buy them off Wudi sent 100,000 soldiers Expanded nearly to the bounds of the present-day

15 Society: Chinese believed their emperor had divine authority Accepted his power (link between heaven and earth) Complex bureaucracy Expensive To raise money the government levied taxes Peasants owed a month s worth of labor or military service every year Built roads and dug canals and irrigation ditches

16 Government: Employed 130,000 people Bureaucracy included 18 different ranks of civil service jobs Tested applicants knowledge of Confucianism Set up a school where people studied Confucius s works Few peasants could afford to educate their sons

17 Technology: Paper was invented in A.D. 105 Replaced silk Books became available to more people Helped spread education Improved government record keeping collar harness for horses Perfected the two blade plow Improved iron tools Invented wheelbarrow Water mills to grind grain

18 Silk Roads Silk Routes

19 Silk Roads: System of ancient caravan trade routes across Central Asia

21 What moved along these trade routes?

23 For more than 2,000 years the Silk Road and its extensions westward into Roman territory made up the world s longest road. The distance along the length of the road and its western extensions totaled 8,000 miles.

24 The desire for material goods caused trade routes to develop. This trade led to the extension of empires and increased cultural diffusion

26 from The West Region: History of the Han Dynasty The emperor s household was filled with pearls, rhinoceros horns, and peacock feathers. Palace officials stables were crowded with thoroughbred horses. Elephants, lions, mastiffs, and peacocks roam the menagerie. Exotic articles poured in from every quarter.

27 Western Goods: Perfumes, ivory, jewels and glassware Alfalfa, grapes, sesame, pomegranates, walnuts cucumbers, carrots Lions, peacocks, elephants, camels and horses Wines and spices

29 Originally, the Chinese traded silk internally, within the empire. Once silk was discovered by westerners, they were desperate to obtain the beautiful cloth that symbolized wealth and stature. Caravans from China s interior would carry silk to the western edges of the region. Often small Central Asian tribes would attack these caravans hoping to capture the traders valuable commodities. As a result, the Han Dynasty extended its military defenses further into Central Asia from 135 to 90 BC in order to protect these caravans. Silk trade flourished and led the way for other endless commodities.

30 Goods from China: Silk Ironware, gold and platinum, bronze mirrors Ceramics, lacquer and bamboo wares Furs Medicinal herbs and drugs Farming and smelting technology Chinese inventions of gunpowder, papermaking and printing

31 What hardships did traders face along the way?

CHINESE EMPIRE. AP World History Notes Chapter 4

CHINESE EMPIRE. AP World History Notes Chapter 4 CHINESE EMPIRE AP World History Notes Chapter 4 From 1100 BCE until the 200s CE --> 3 great dynasties ruled China = Zhou (JOH) = Qin (CHIN) = Han (HAHN) The Enduring Zhou Ruled China for more than 800